Ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on solar full spectrum

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of thermochemical ammonia decomposition, and relates to an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on solar full spectrum. The device comprises a vacuum pump, a hydrogen collecting bottle and a liquid ammonia storage tank for providing a liquid ammonia raw material, and further comprises a multi-channel membrane reactor, a disc type solar heat collector for receiving and focusing solar full-spectrum radiation and a multi-parameter sensor group for monitoring temperature, pressure, flow and illumination intensity parameters in real time. By arranging the stepped preheating and waste heat recovery assembly, a stepped waste heat recovery network is formed, heat energy of different temperature zones in membrane reactor product tail gas is efficiently utilized for preheating ammonia raw materials and auxiliary heat supply of the system, the heat efficiency of the system is remarkably improved, energy consumption is reduced, the structure is compact, and the integration degree is high; the device realizes solar photo-thermal-photoelectric cooperative driving, hydrogen membrane separation synchronous extraction and intelligent waste heat utilization, is suitable for a distributed green hydrogen production scene, and has a good industrial popularization prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of thermochemical ammonia decomposition, and relates to an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on the full spectrum of solar energy. Background Art

[0002] Photocatalytic and photothermal ammonia decomposition technologies have attracted considerable attention in recent years as green hydrogen production methods utilizing solar energy. However, these technologies face numerous bottlenecks in practical application. From a spectral perspective, common photocatalytic materials such as TiO2 and ZnO have a large bandgap, absorbing only 4%-5% of the ultraviolet light in the solar spectrum. Infrared light, which accounts for approximately 50%, and visible light, which accounts for 43%, lack sufficient energy to stimulate electron transitions, resulting in significant waste of light energy. Furthermore, during the photocatalytic reaction, the recombination rate of photogenerated carriers is as high as over 90%, significantly reducing the photochemical energy conversion efficiency. While photothermal catalysis can increase the reaction rate through thermal energy, high temperatures accelerate catalyst sintering and active site deactivation, leading to rapid degradation of catalytic performance.

[0003] Ammonia decomposition is an endothermic reaction, and the temperature required for the reaction is generally higher than 600°C, which requires a high degree of heat source stability. The existing technology mainly uses electric heating or combustion heating methods, which not only have problems such as low system energy efficiency and poor integration, but also rely on external energy supply, making it difficult to achieve low carbonization. In addition, the efficient separation of hydrogen in the ammonia decomposition reaction products is also a key factor restricting the conversion rate and system efficiency. In recent years, membrane reactor technology has become an effective means to improve the efficiency of ammonia decomposition due to its "reaction-separation synchronization" characteristics; and waste heat recovery and utilization technology has also become an important supplement to improve the overall thermal efficiency of the system. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on the full spectrum of solar energy with high energy efficiency, full spectrum energy utilization capabilities and intelligent control functions.

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, researchers have continuously explored and proposed various solutions. For example, a Chinese patent discloses a purification device for producing hydrogen from solar ammonia decomposition [Application Number: 202210417092.8], which includes: several energy harvesting units; the lower half of the energy harvesting units is buried in the ground, and the upper half of the energy harvesting units is exposed to reflect sunlight; a reaction tower; the reaction tower is capable of receiving sunlight reflected by the energy harvesting units and producing hydrogen through a thermochemical method; the energy harvesting units are arranged around the reaction tower, and adjacent energy harvesting units located in the front and rear directions are arranged in a close-fitting manner to ensure mutual support in wind and sand. The arrangement of the energy harvesting units can form a complete solar mirror field, reflecting sunlight to the reaction tower, enabling the reaction tower to obtain energy for hydrogen production; the ring-shaped energy harvesting units ensure that sunlight is always reflected to the reaction tower for hydrogen production. However, during use, this solution still suffers from low energy efficiency, poor integration, and lack of a preheating and recycling structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on the full spectrum of solar energy.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A hydrogen production system using an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor based on full-spectrum solar energy comprises a vacuum pump, a hydrogen collection bottle, and a liquid ammonia storage tank for providing liquid ammonia raw material. The system also comprises a multi-channel membrane reactor, a dish-type solar collector for receiving and focusing full-spectrum solar radiation, and a multi-parameter sensor group for real-time monitoring of temperature, pressure, flow, and light intensity parameters. The multi-channel membrane reactor and the dish-type solar collector are thermally coupled, and a stepped preheating and waste heat recovery component is provided between the liquid ammonia storage tank, the multi-channel membrane reactor, and the vacuum pump.

[0008] In the above-mentioned ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on full-spectrum solar energy, the step preheating and waste heat recovery component includes a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger. One end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the multi-channel membrane reactor through a pipeline, and the other end is connected to the vacuum pump through a pipeline. One end of the third heat exchanger is connected to the liquid ammonia storage tank through a pipeline, and the other end is connected to the second heat exchanger through a pipeline. The second heat exchanger is connected to the multi-channel membrane reactor through a pipeline at one end away from the third heat exchanger.

[0009] In the above-mentioned ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on full solar spectrum, the multi-parameter sensor group includes a first sensor and a second sensor, the first sensor is arranged between the dish solar collector and the multi-channel membrane reactor, and the second sensor is arranged between the multi-channel membrane reactor and the vacuum pump.

[0010] In the above-mentioned ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on full-spectrum solar energy, a catalyst bed layer and a hydrogen selective permeation membrane layer are provided in the multi-channel membrane reactor.

[0011] In the above-mentioned ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on full solar spectrum, the dish-type solar collector is equipped with a solar tracking mechanism that can adjust the focusing direction in real time according to the sun's position, and the surface of the solar tracking mechanism is integrated with a composite photovoltaic module.

[0012] In the above-mentioned ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on full-spectrum solar energy, a dish-type solar thermal collector is provided with a dish-type solar thermal power generation module, and the dish-type solar thermal power generation module is composed of a dish-type concentrator located in the inner circle and a coated photovoltaic cell located in the outer circle composed of a spectroscopic coating and a solar cell.

[0013] In the above-mentioned ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on the full spectrum of solar energy, the coating of the coated photovoltaic cell adopts a spectrally selective absorption coating.

[0014] In the above-mentioned ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on full solar spectrum, the spectrally selective absorption coating is made by coating birefringent polyester and polymethyl methacrylate.

[0015] In the above-mentioned ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on full-spectrum solar energy, the coated photovoltaic cell is used to receive and focus full-spectrum solar radiation, wherein long-wavelength solar light is reflected and radiated to the dish-type solar collector to obtain thermal energy and be used for heat exchange heating, and medium- and short-wavelength solar light is absorbed by the coated photovoltaic cell and used for photovoltaic power generation.

[0016] In the above-mentioned ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on the full spectrum of solar energy, the long-wavelength sunlight is the sunlight with a wavelength greater than 1100nm in the solar spectrum, and the medium- and short-wavelength sunlight is the sunlight with a wavelength less than or equal to 1100nm in the solar spectrum.

[0017] Compared with the existing technology, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. The present invention forms a cascade waste heat recovery network by setting up step preheating and waste heat recovery components, which efficiently utilizes the heat energy in different temperature zones in the membrane reactor product tail gas for ammonia raw material preheating and system auxiliary heating, significantly improving the system thermal efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

[0019] 2. The present invention has a compact structure and high integration, and realizes the coordinated driving of solar thermal and photoelectric, the simultaneous extraction of hydrogen membrane separation and the intelligent utilization of waste heat. It is suitable for distributed green hydrogen production scenarios and has good prospects for industrial promotion.

[0020] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part from the following description and will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a decision flow chart for the intelligent control implementation in the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: second heat exchanger 1, multi-channel membrane reactor 2, dish-type solar collector 3, first heat exchanger 4, first sensor 5, second sensor 6, vacuum pump 7, hydrogen collection bottle 8, third heat exchanger 9, liquid ammonia storage tank 10, multi-parameter sensor group 11, step preheating and waste heat recovery component 12. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, a hydrogen production system based on an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor of full-spectrum solar energy includes a vacuum pump 7, a hydrogen collection bottle 8 and a liquid ammonia storage tank 10 for providing liquid ammonia raw material, and also includes a multi-channel membrane reactor 2, a dish-type solar collector 3 for receiving and focusing full-spectrum solar radiation and a multi-parameter sensor group 11 for real-time monitoring of temperature, pressure, flow and light intensity parameters. The multi-channel membrane reactor 2 and the dish-type solar collector 3 are thermally coupled, and a step preheating and waste heat recovery component 12 is provided between the liquid ammonia storage tank 10, the multi-channel membrane reactor 2 and the vacuum pump 7.

[0026] In this embodiment, the liquid ammonia storage tank 10 is used to provide liquid ammonia raw materials. After the ammonia is led out through the pipeline, it is first preheated by the low-temperature heat exchanger in the step preheating and waste heat recovery component 12, and then passes through the high-temperature heat exchanger in sequence to further absorb heat. After the temperature is increased, it enters the multi-channel membrane reactor 2 through the pipeline. In the multi-channel membrane reactor 2, the high-temperature ammonia is decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen under the action of the catalyst. During the reaction, the hydrogen simultaneously permeates through the membrane structure and is continuously extracted. After the product tail gas is discharged from the outlet of the multi-channel membrane reactor 2, it is first recovered by the medium-temperature heat exchanger in the step preheating and waste heat recovery component 12 for medium-temperature heat recovery for subsequent energy reuse in the system. The gas after heat exchange enters the vacuum pump 7. The vacuum pump extracts to form a negative pressure, which is conducive to the continuous penetration and separation of hydrogen, and at the same time improves the overall reaction rate of the system. The hydrogen treated by the vacuum pump 7 is guided to The hydrogen collection bottle 8 is used for storage and subsequent utilization. The multi-parameter sensor group 11 is used to monitor the light intensity, heat exchange medium temperature, etc. in the heat collection path between the dish solar collector 3 and the multi-channel membrane reactor 2, as well as the operating parameters such as product gas temperature, pressure and flow rate between the multi-channel membrane reactor 2 and the vacuum pump 7 to form multi-parameter data. The multi-parameter data will be used to adjust the vacuum pump power and feed temperature to achieve feedback control and operation optimization of the system. A cascade waste heat recovery network is formed through three-section heat exchange paths, and the heat energy in different temperature zones in the tail gas of the membrane reactor product is efficiently utilized for ammonia raw material preheating and system auxiliary heating, which significantly improves the system thermal efficiency and reduces energy consumption. It has a compact structure and high integration, realizes solar thermal-photoelectric synergistic drive, hydrogen membrane separation synchronous extraction and intelligent waste heat utilization, is suitable for distributed green hydrogen production scenarios, and has good industrial promotion prospects.

[0027] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 2As shown, the step preheating and waste heat recovery component 12 includes a first heat exchanger 4, a second heat exchanger 1 and a third heat exchanger 9. One end of the first heat exchanger 4 is connected to the multi-channel membrane reactor 2 through a pipeline, and the other end is connected to the vacuum pump 7 through a pipeline. One end of the third heat exchanger 9 is connected to the liquid ammonia storage tank 10 through a pipeline, and the other end is connected to the second heat exchanger 1 through a pipeline. The second heat exchanger 1 is connected to the multi-channel membrane reactor 2 through a pipeline at one end away from the third heat exchanger 9.

[0028] Specifically, after the ammonia is drawn out through the pipeline, it is first preheated through the third heat exchanger 9, and then passes through the second heat exchanger 1 in sequence to further absorb heat. After the temperature is raised, it enters the multichannel membrane reactor 2 through the pipeline. In the multichannel membrane reactor 2, the high-temperature ammonia is decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen under the action of the catalyst. The hydrogen simultaneously permeates through the membrane structure and is continuously extracted during the reaction. After the product tail gas is discharged from the outlet of the multichannel membrane reactor 2, it is first recovered through the third heat exchanger 9 for medium-temperature heat for subsequent energy reuse in the system. The third heat exchanger 9 is a low-temperature heater, the second heat exchanger 1 is a high-temperature heater, and the third heat exchanger 9 is a medium-temperature heater. A cascade waste heat recovery network is formed through three heat exchange paths (third heat exchanger 9→second heat exchanger 1→first heat exchanger 4). The heat energy in different temperature zones in the membrane reactor product tail gas is efficiently utilized for ammonia raw material preheating and system auxiliary heating, significantly improving the system thermal efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

[0029] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the multi-parameter sensor group 11 includes a first sensor 5 and a second sensor 6 , wherein the first sensor 5 is arranged between the dish solar collector 3 and the multi-channel membrane reactor 2 , and the second sensor 6 is arranged between the multi-channel membrane reactor 2 and the vacuum pump 7 .

[0030] In this embodiment, the first sensor 5 is arranged between the dish solar collector 3 and the multi-channel membrane reactor 2, and is used to monitor the light intensity, heat exchange medium temperature, etc. in the heat collection path in real time; the second sensor 6 is arranged between the multi-channel membrane reactor 2 and the vacuum pump 7, and is used to monitor operating parameters such as product gas temperature, pressure and flow rate. The multi-parameter data will be used to adjust the vacuum pump power and feed temperature to achieve system feedback control and operation optimization. An adaptive control algorithm is introduced into the sensor to intelligently judge the current light conditions and adjust the inlet and outlet flow temperatures, flow rates and vacuum pump power accordingly.

[0031] The multi-channel membrane reactor 2 is provided with a catalyst bed layer and a hydrogen selective permeation membrane layer.

[0032] In this embodiment, in the multichannel membrane reactor 2, high-temperature ammonia is decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen under the action of a catalyst. During the reaction, hydrogen simultaneously permeates through the hydrogen selective permeable membrane layer and is continuously extracted. After entering the multichannel membrane reactor 2, the liquid ammonia first contacts the catalyst bed. Under the action of the catalyst, the ammonia decomposition reaction is accelerated, decomposing to produce hydrogen and nitrogen. The resulting mixed gas passes through the hydrogen selective permeable membrane layer under the action of a pressure difference. Due to the selective permeability of the membrane layer to hydrogen, hydrogen can pass through the membrane layer smoothly, while other impurity gases such as nitrogen are blocked on the other side of the membrane, thereby achieving hydrogen separation and purification. The presence of the catalyst bed significantly increases the rate of the ammonia decomposition reaction and reduces the activation energy required for the reaction, allowing the reaction to proceed efficiently at a relatively low temperature. The hydrogen selective permeable membrane layer achieves timely separation of hydrogen during the reaction, breaking the chemical equilibrium limit of the ammonia decomposition reaction, promoting the reaction in the forward direction, improving the ammonia conversion rate and hydrogen purity, and facilitating the subsequent collection and utilization of hydrogen.

[0033] Combine Figure 1 As shown, the dish-type solar collector 3 is equipped with a sun tracking mechanism that can adjust the focusing direction in real time according to the sun's position, and the surface of the sun tracking mechanism is integrated with a composite photovoltaic component.

[0034] In this embodiment, the solar tracking mechanism can rotate according to the position of the sun, thereby increasing the working time. The composite photovoltaic module can realize the full spectrum energy utilization of solar radiation, which can generate electricity in the short and medium wave bands and provide heat in the long wave band.

[0035] Preferred solution: The solar tracking mechanism monitors the sun's position in real time through sensors and automatically adjusts the angle of the dish solar collector 3 according to changes in the sun's position, ensuring that it can always receive the maximum amount of solar radiation. The composite photovoltaic module integrated on the surface of the solar tracking mechanism uses part of the received sunlight to generate photovoltaic power. The generated electricity can be used to drive the operation of the solar tracking mechanism, power other electrical equipment in the system, or be stored for backup. The solar tracking mechanism ensures the efficient collection of solar energy by the dish solar collector 3. Regardless of how the sun's position in the sky changes, the collector can maintain the optimal focusing angle, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of solar energy. The composite photovoltaic module realizes the diversified utilization of solar energy. While collecting solar energy for heating, it can also convert part of the solar energy into electrical energy, further improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy and reducing the system's dependence on external power sources.

[0036] The dish solar collector 3 is provided with a dish solar thermal power generation module, which consists of a dish concentrator located in the inner circle and a coated photovoltaic cell located in the outer circle composed of a spectroscopic coating and a solar cell. The coating of the coated photovoltaic cell adopts a spectrally selective absorption coating, and the spectrally selective absorption coating is made of birefringent polyester and polymethyl methacrylate.

[0037] In this embodiment, the dish-type solar thermal power generation module consists of a dish-type concentrator located in the inner circle and a coated photovoltaic cell composed of a spectroscopic coating and a solar cell located in the outer circle, which realizes the separation, absorption and conversion of solar radiation according to the wavelength band. The composite photovoltaic component inputs sunlight in the visible light band to the coated photovoltaic cell. The coating of the coated photovoltaic cell adopts a spectrally selective absorption coating (birefringent polyester and polymethyl methacrylate). The absorption photovoltaic cell can respond to sunlight in the wavelength band to generate electricity, and it has a high reflectivity for long-wave thermal radiation, so that the long-wave thermal radiation is transmitted to the collector to obtain thermal energy. The birefringent polyester and polymethyl methacrylate are coated on the surface of the solar cell according to a specific process and proportion to form a spectrally selective absorption coating. The optical properties of birefringent polyester and polymethyl methacrylate enable the coating to produce different optical responses to sunlight of different wavelengths, thereby absorbing medium and short-wave sunlight and reflecting long-wave sunlight, meeting the needs of coated photovoltaic cells for selective utilization of sunlight. The spectrally selective absorption coating made of birefringent polyester and polymethyl methacrylate has good optical properties and stability, and can work effectively under different environmental conditions. Its selective absorption and reflection properties of sunlight improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and photothermal utilization efficiency of the coated photovoltaic cells. At the same time, the cost of these two materials is relatively low, and they are easy to process and coat, which is conducive to reducing the manufacturing cost of the system and promoting its application.

[0038] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the coated photovoltaic cell is used to receive and focus full-spectrum solar radiation, wherein long-wavelength sunlight is reflected and radiated to the dish-type solar collector 3 to obtain thermal energy and be used for heat exchange heating, and medium- and short-wavelength sunlight is absorbed by the coated photovoltaic cell and used for photovoltaic power generation. The long-wavelength sunlight is sunlight with a wavelength greater than 1100nm in the solar spectrum, and the medium- and short-wavelength sunlight is sunlight with a wavelength less than or equal to 1100nm in the solar spectrum.

[0039] In this embodiment, the coated photovoltaic cell receives full-spectrum solar radiation, and the spectrally selective absorption coating on its surface acts on sunlight of different wavelengths. After being reflected, the long-wavelength sunlight is collected and focused by the dish-type solar thermal collector 3, converting the light energy into heat energy. The heat is transferred to liquid ammonia or other media that need to be heated through a heat exchanger for use in ammonia decomposition reactions or other heat exchange processes in the system. The medium- and short-wavelength sunlight is absorbed by the coated photovoltaic cell, stimulating electron transitions inside the solar cell, generating current, and realizing photovoltaic power generation. The generated electrical energy can be used for system operation or storage. The long-wavelength thermal radiation has a high reflectivity, so the long-wavelength thermal radiation is radiated to the collector in the dish-type solar thermal power generation module to obtain heat energy. Based on the analysis and research of the solar spectrum, the wavelength ranges of long-wave, medium- and short-wave sunlight have been determined. In the coordinated work of the coated photovoltaic cells and the dish-type solar thermal collector 3, the spectrally selective absorption coating reflects and absorbs sunlight of different wavelengths accordingly according to the division of this wavelength range, thereby achieving effective separation and utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy. The clear division of wavelength ranges makes the system's processing of sunlight more accurate and efficient, and can give full play to the energy characteristics of sunlight of different wavelengths. The utilization methods designed separately for long-wave, medium- and short-wave sunlight improve the conversion efficiency of solar energy and the targeted energy utilization, providing a strong guarantee for the stable operation of the system and efficient hydrogen production.

[0040] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0041] The liquid ammonia storage tank 10 is used to provide liquid ammonia raw materials. After the ammonia is led out through the pipeline, it is first preheated by the third heat exchanger 9, and then passes through the second heat exchanger 1 in sequence to further absorb heat. After the temperature is increased, it enters the multichannel membrane reactor 2 through the pipeline. In the multichannel membrane reactor 2, the high-temperature ammonia is decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen under the action of the catalyst. The hydrogen simultaneously permeates through the membrane structure during the reaction and is continuously extracted. After the product tail gas is discharged from the outlet of the multichannel membrane reactor 2, it first passes through the third heat exchanger 9 for medium-temperature heat recovery for subsequent energy reuse in the system. The third heat exchanger 9 is a low-temperature heater, the second heat exchanger 1 is a high-temperature heater, and the third heat exchanger 9 is a medium-temperature heater. A cascade waste heat recovery network is formed through three heat exchange paths (third heat exchanger 9→second heat exchanger 1→first heat exchanger 4). The heat energy in different temperature zones in the product tail gas of the membrane reactor is efficiently utilized for preheating the ammonia raw material and auxiliary heating of the system, which significantly improves the thermal efficiency of the system and reduces energy consumption.

[0042] The solar tracking mechanism can rotate according to the position of the sun, which can increase the working time. The composite photovoltaic module can realize the full spectrum energy utilization of solar radiation, such as power generation in the short and medium wave bands and heating in the long wave band.

[0043] The dish solar thermal power generation module consists of a dish concentrator located in the inner circle and a coated photovoltaic cell located in the outer circle, which is composed of a spectroscopic coating and a solar cell. It realizes the separation, absorption and conversion of solar radiation by wavelength. The composite photovoltaic module transmits sunlight in the visible light band to the coated photovoltaic cell. The coating of the coated photovoltaic cell adopts a spectrally selective absorption coating (birefringent polyester and polymethyl methacrylate). The absorbing photovoltaic cell can respond to sunlight in the wavelength band to generate electricity, and it has a high reflectivity to long-wave thermal radiation, so that the long-wave thermal radiation is transmitted to the collector to obtain thermal energy.

[0044] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described, or replace them with similar methods without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0045] Although this document frequently uses terms such as second heat exchanger 1, multi-channel membrane reactor 2, dish-type solar thermal collector 3, first heat exchanger 4, first sensor 5, second sensor 6, vacuum pump 7, hydrogen collection bottle 8, third heat exchanger 9, liquid ammonia storage tank 10, multi-parameter sensor assembly 11, and step-by-step preheating and waste heat recovery assembly 12, the use of other terms is not excluded. These terms are used solely to more conveniently describe and explain the essence of the present invention. Interpreting them as any additional limitations would be contrary to the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen production system using an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor based on full-spectrum solar energy, comprising a vacuum pump (7), a hydrogen collection bottle (8), and a liquid ammonia storage tank (10) for providing liquid ammonia raw materials, characterized in that: The invention also includes a multi-channel membrane reactor (2), a dish-type solar thermal collector (3) for receiving and focusing full-spectrum solar radiation, and a multi-parameter sensor group (11) for real-time monitoring of temperature, pressure, flow, and light intensity parameters. The multi-channel membrane reactor (2) and the dish-type solar thermal collector (3) are thermally coupled, and a step preheating and waste heat recovery component (12) is provided between the liquid ammonia storage tank (10), the multi-channel membrane reactor (2), and the vacuum pump (7).

2. The hydrogen production system using an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor based on full spectrum solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step preheating and waste heat recovery component (12) comprises a first heat exchanger (4), a second heat exchanger (1) and a third heat exchanger (9); one end of the first heat exchanger (4) is connected to the multi-channel membrane reactor (2) via a pipeline, and the other end is connected to the vacuum pump (7) via a pipeline; one end of the third heat exchanger (9) is connected to the liquid ammonia storage tank (10) via a pipeline, and the other end is connected to the second heat exchanger (1) via a pipeline; and the end of the second heat exchanger (1) away from the third heat exchanger (9) is connected to the multi-channel membrane reactor (2) via a pipeline.

3. The hydrogen production system using an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor based on full spectrum solar energy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-parameter sensor group (11) comprises a first sensor (5) and a second sensor (6), wherein the first sensor (5) is arranged between the dish-type solar collector (3) and the multi-channel membrane reactor (2), and the second sensor (6) is arranged between the multi-channel membrane reactor (2) and the vacuum pump (7).

4. The hydrogen production system using an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor based on full-spectrum solar energy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The multi-channel membrane reactor (2) is provided with a catalyst bed layer and a hydrogen selective permeation membrane layer.

5. The hydrogen production system using an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor based on full-spectrum solar energy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The dish-type solar thermal collector (3) is equipped with a sun tracking mechanism capable of adjusting the focusing direction in real time according to the sun's position, and a composite photovoltaic component is integrated on the surface of the sun tracking mechanism.

6. The hydrogen production system using an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor based on full spectrum solar energy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dish-type solar thermal collector (3) is provided with a dish-type solar thermal collection and power generation module, which is composed of a dish-type concentrator located in an inner circle and a coated photovoltaic cell located in an outer circle, which is composed of a light-splitting coating and a solar cell.

7. The hydrogen production system using an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor based on full spectrum solar energy according to claim 6, characterized in that: The coating of the coated photovoltaic cell adopts a spectrally selective absorption coating.

8. The ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on full spectrum solar energy according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spectrum selective absorption coating is made of birefringent polyester and polymethyl methacrylate.

9. The ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on full spectrum solar energy according to claim 8, characterized in that: The coated photovoltaic cell is used to receive and focus full-spectrum solar radiation, wherein long-wavelength solar light is reflected and radiated to a dish-type solar collector (3) to obtain heat energy and be used for heat exchange heating, and medium- and short-wavelength solar light is absorbed by the coated photovoltaic cell and used for photovoltaic power generation.

10. The ammonia decomposition membrane reactor hydrogen production system based on full spectrum solar energy according to claim 9, characterized in that: The long-wavelength sunlight refers to the sunlight with a wavelength greater than 1100 nm in the solar spectrum, and the medium- and short-wavelength sunlight refers to the sunlight with a wavelength less than or equal to 1100 nm in the solar spectrum.

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