Antiskid photovoltaic floor tile and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-slip photovoltaic floor tile and a manufacturing method thereof, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic building integration, and the anti-slip photovoltaic floor tile comprises an integrally packaged photovoltaic module. The rough anti-skid layer with a high friction coefficient is formed by adopting the glaze-plated anti-skid tempered glass layer and applying special pretreatment and a dry granular glaze sintering process, in the aspect of power generation performance, standard double-glass packaging is matched with the reflection synergistic effect of the white PVB adhesive film, the efficient and reliable photoelectric conversion capacity is ensured, and the service life of the photovoltaic module is prolonged. And excellent waterproof, dustproof, weather-proof and anti-aging performances are provided through comprehensive sealing protection, long-term durability in outdoor harsh environments is guaranteed, in addition, a lead hole is preset, the positive and negative electrode connectors capable of being quickly plugged and unplugged and a base is integrated with a lead channel design, convenient, safe and hidden wiring of electrical connection is realized, and the service life of the electric connector is prolonged. The installation and maintenance process is greatly simplified, the ground space utilization efficiency is remarkably improved, and the photovoltaic power generation function is perfectly integrated into ground pavement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic building integration, and in particular to an anti-slip photovoltaic floor tile and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the economy and society, the demand for electricity is also rising. Traditional thermal power generation has the disadvantages of high energy consumption and large-scale greenhouse gas emissions. Photovoltaic power generation is a clean and renewable energy source. Existing photovoltaic power generation equipment often takes up more space and is mainly used in sparsely populated areas. Combining photovoltaics with building structures is a win-win solution that takes into account both aesthetics and power generation. It provides a new idea for the large-scale promotion of photovoltaic power generation in modern cities. Floor tiles are an important part of modern buildings. Using photovoltaic floor tiles that can generate electricity to replace traditional floor tiles can supplement part of the city's electricity demand while taking into account aesthetics, and at the same time have a certain anti-slip effect.

[0003] The defects of existing photovoltaic floor tiles are:

[0004] 1. Patent document US20170179878A1 discloses a photovoltaic brick unit. However, the device in the above document has insufficient anti-slip performance and lacks reflective synergistic effect, resulting in technical problems such as difficulty in efficient and reliable photoelectric conversion.

[0005] 2. Patent document US09590557B2 discloses a photovoltaic composite masonry unit. However, the device in the above document has difficulty in forming a stable micron and submicron composite rough structure, resulting in a technical problem that the anti-slip performance is easily degraded in oily and rainy environments;

[0006] 3. Patent document US09428903B2 discloses a flashing system for mounting a photovoltaic array on a tiled roof. However, the device in the aforementioned document has a significant white reflection when in use, resulting in an uneven color on the bottom of the floor tiles.

[0007] 4. Patent document CN119571690A discloses a photovoltaic floor tile. However, the photovoltaic floor tile in the above document has a technical problem that the lamination process is simple and crude, resulting in poor durability of the prepared photovoltaic floor tile. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a non-slip photovoltaic floor tile and a manufacturing method thereof to solve the technical problems raised in the above background technology.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an anti-slip photovoltaic floor tile, comprising an integrated packaged photovoltaic module:

[0010] The photovoltaic module is prepared by stacking a 12mm glazed non-slip tempered glass layer, a 0.38mm first white PVB film layer, a cell layer, a 0.38mm second white PVB film layer, a 0.38mm black PVB film layer and a 12mm back tempered glass layer in sequence from top to bottom;

[0011] The glaze surface of the glazed anti-skid tempered glass layer faces outward, and its surface is sprayed with a pre-treatment coating that improves the surface energy, and is coated with dry granular glaze, dried, and sintered to form a rough anti-skid layer;

[0012] The grid lines of the battery layer are fixed by welding with busbars, which are led out from the preset openings of the tempered glass layer on the back and connected to the sealed junction box. The two ends of the junction box are connected to the positive and negative plugs respectively through the lead holes through the cables;

[0013] The bottom of the photovoltaic module is bonded to an I-shaped metal base by a sealant, and the I-shaped metal base is provided with a lead hole;

[0014] The photovoltaic module is connected to the steel frame via an I-shaped metal base, and the steel frame is fixed to the ground via an L-shaped fixing device;

[0015] Fill the gaps between adjacent photovoltaic floor tiles with sealant.

[0016] Preferably, the preparation method of the anti-slip tempered glass includes: (a) spraying a pre-treatment coating containing polar groups on the surface to increase the surface energy to the range of 70-85 dyn / cm; (b) using a precision scraper to apply dry powder glaze with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm; (c) after drying at 180-220°C, sintering at 680-720°C to form a composite rough surface with micron-sized protrusions and submicron-sized pores, and the arithmetic mean deviation Ra of the profile is controlled at 18-22 μm.

[0017] Preferably, the pretreatment coating is a silane coupling agent or a titanate coupling agent.

[0018] Preferably, the vertical support ribs and the transverse platform of the I-shaped metal base form a stress dispersion structure.

[0019] Preferably, the first white PVB film layer and the second white PVB film layer are respectively located on both sides of the battery layer to enhance light reflectivity, and the black PVB film layer is combined with the back tempered glass layer to form a light absorption structure.

[0020] Preferably, the junction box is fixed to the protruding portion of the busbar by welding, and a sealant is poured inside to achieve waterproof sealing.

[0021] Preferably, the manufacturing steps of the anti-slip photovoltaic floor tiles are as follows:

[0022] S1. Component lamination:

[0023] Stack the glazed non-slip tempered glass layer, the first white PVB film layer, the battery layer, the second white PVB film layer, the black PVB film layer and the back tempered glass layer in order;

[0024] Weld the grid lines of the cell layer to the busbars, and pass the busbars through the preset openings on the back glass;

[0025] S2, cavity gradient lamination:

[0026] The first chamber was heated at 140°C below, 110°C above, and vacuumed for 1380 seconds. A gradient pressure of -80 kPa, -60 kPa, and -40 kPa was applied in three stages, with a holding time of 390 seconds.

[0027] Second chamber: lower heating temperature is 155°C, upper heating temperature is 110°C, vacuum time is 30s, gradient pressure of -80kPa→-60kPa→-40kPa is applied in three stages, and pressure holding time is 1740s;

[0028] S3. Post-lamination processing: After lamination is completed, use an electric hot cutter to remove the overflowed glue layer, use an electric soldering iron to weld the junction box and the protruding part of the bus bar, and pour sealant into the junction box. After the sealant is completely cured, use the box cover to seal it;

[0029] S4. Floor tile installation:

[0030] Use sealant to bond the I-shaped metal base to the bottom of the photovoltaic module;

[0031] First, use an L-shaped fixture to fix the steel frame to the ground, and then use an I-shaped metal base to fix the photovoltaic modules on top of the steel frame;

[0032] Connect the positive and negative lead plugs in series and use sealant to fill the gaps between the tiles.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. This invention utilizes a glazed, non-slip tempered glass layer, undergoes special pretreatment, and undergoes a dry-granular glaze sintering process to create a rough, non-slip layer with a high coefficient of friction, significantly improving walking safety in slippery conditions such as rain and snow. Furthermore, the combination of the sturdy support of the top and bottom 12mm tempered glass layers, the reinforced I-shaped metal base structure, and the modular steel frame fixing system gives the floor tiles excellent compressive and impact resistance, as well as overall stability, enabling them to reliably withstand the loads of pedestrian traffic. Regarding power generation performance, the standard double-glass encapsulation combined with the reflective synergy of the white PVB film ensures efficient and reliable photovoltaic conversion. Comprehensive sealing provides excellent waterproofing, dustproofing, weather resistance, and aging resistance, ensuring long-term durability in harsh outdoor environments. Furthermore, pre-set lead holes, quick-swap positive and negative connectors, and an integrated lead channel in the base enable convenient, secure, and concealed electrical connections, greatly simplifying installation and maintenance, significantly improving floor space utilization, and seamlessly integrating photovoltaic power generation into the floor paving.

[0035] 2. The present invention sprays a pretreatment coating containing a polar group-containing silane coupling agent or titanate coupling agent on the surface, raising the glass surface energy to 70-85 dyn / cm, significantly enhancing the wettability and adhesion of the glaze. Subsequently, a dry powder glaze is evenly applied with a precision scraper at a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm. After drying at 180-220°C, it is sintered at a high temperature of 680-720°C to form a composite rough structure with both micron-sized protrusions and submicron-sized pores. The arithmetic mean deviation (Ra) of the profile is strictly controlled to 18-22 μm, thereby ensuring the glass surface's excellent and long-lasting anti-slip properties, providing reliable safety even in extremely slippery environments such as oil, rain, and soil. Furthermore, the polar groups in the pretreatment coating form strong chemical bonds with the glass and glaze. Combined with an optimized sintering process, the anti-slip layer possesses exceptional peeling resistance and environmental durability.

[0036] 3. This invention utilizes the high reflectivity of the first and second white PVB film layers, located on the upper and lower sides of the cell layer, to reflect light that has passed through the cell gaps and scattered light back to the back of the cells, significantly improving light energy utilization. Simultaneously, the black PVB film layer at the bottom works in conjunction with the back tempered glass layer to form a light-absorbing structure that effectively absorbs residual transmitted light, completely eliminating the white reflections from the cell gaps and giving the floor tile bottom a uniformly dark, high-end visual effect.

[0037] 4. The present invention uses a gradient lamination process to control the temperature, vacuum gradient, and holding time in different chambers and sections, ensuring sufficient flow and filling of the PVB film and completely eliminating bubbles. This also prevents hidden cracks or displacement caused by uneven heating of the cell, significantly improving the lamination yield and component durability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a front view schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation effect of the floor tiles of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic floor tiles of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure: 1. Glazed non-slip tempered glass layer; 2. First white PVB film layer; 3. Solar cell layer; 4. Photovoltaic module; 5. Second white PVB film layer; 6. Black PVB film layer; 7. Back tempered glass layer; 8. Junction box; 9. I-shaped metal base; 10. Steel frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "both ends," "one end," "the other end," and the like, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "provided with," "connected," etc., should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0047] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: a non-slip photovoltaic floor tile, comprising an integrated packaged photovoltaic module 4: the photovoltaic module 4 is prepared by sequentially stacking a 12mm glazed non-slip tempered glass layer 1, a 0.38mm first white PVB film layer 2, a cell layer 3, a 0.38mm second white PVB film layer 5, a 0.38mm black PVB film layer 6 and a 12mm back tempered glass layer 7 from top to bottom, the glaze surface of the glazed non-slip tempered glass layer 1 faces outward, and its surface is sprayed with a pre-treated coating that improves the surface energy, and is coated with dry granular glaze and dried, The grid lines of the cell layer 3 are welded and fixed by busbars. The busbars are led out from the preset openings in the tempered glass layer on the back and connected to the sealed junction box 8. The two ends of the junction box 8 are connected to the positive and negative plugs respectively through the lead holes of the cables. The bottom of the photovoltaic module 4 is bonded to the I-shaped metal base 9 with sealant. The I-shaped metal base 9 is provided with lead holes. The photovoltaic module 4 is connected to the steel frame 10 through the I-shaped metal base 9. The steel frame 10 is fixed to the ground by an L-shaped fixing device. The gaps between adjacent photovoltaic floor tiles are filled with sealant.

[0048] Furthermore, by spraying a pre-treatment coating that improves the surface energy on the outer surface of the 12mm glazed anti-slip tempered glass layer 1, and then applying dry granular glaze and sintering it, a microscopic rough structure is formed, which significantly increases the friction coefficient. Even in slippery conditions such as rain, snow, and oil, it can provide excellent anti-slip effect, effectively preventing pedestrians from slipping and ensuring public safety.

[0049] The top and bottom layers are made of 12mm tempered glass, which is strong and impact-resistant. Even if it breaks, it will be granular, reducing the risk of injury.

[0050] The first white PVB film layer 2 and the second white PVB film layer 5 can effectively reflect part of the light reaching the gap between the cells, increase the diffuse reflection inside the module, improve the utilization rate of light energy, and thus improve the overall power generation efficiency. The black PVB film layer 6 used as the bottom layer is conducive to improving its aesthetics and uniformity.

[0051] The PVB film and tempered glass used have good UV resistance, high temperature resistance, and heat and humidity aging resistance, extending the service life. The components themselves are sealed and the junction box 7 is sealed. The gaps between the base and the components and between the floor tiles are filled with sealant, providing excellent waterproof, dustproof and corrosion resistance, adapting to harsh outdoor environments. In addition, the tempered glass and PVB can withstand large temperature changes and adapt to four seasons.

[0052] The I-shaped metal base 9 is connected to the pre-assembled steel frame 10, and the steel frame 10 is anchored to the foundation through an L-shaped fixing device. This design realizes standardized and modular rapid installation, high construction efficiency, and easy maintenance and replacement of single floor tiles;

[0053] By designing a lead hole in the I-shaped metal base 9, it is convenient for the cables to be led out from the junction box 8 and routed downwards, keeping the floor clean and beautiful;

[0054] The busbar is led out from the preset hole in the back glass to the sealed junction box 8, avoiding the risk of sealing failure caused by leading at the edge of the laminate;

[0055] The junction box 8 is connected to the positive and negative plugs through cables, which is conducive to fast and reliable plug-in connection between floor tiles or with the system, simplifying on-site wiring, reducing installation errors, and facilitating later maintenance or replacement of single floor tiles. The surface of the glazed non-slip tempered glass layer 1 can present different colors and textures, combined with anti-slip treatment, to meet the aesthetic requirements of the paved area;

[0056] The photovoltaic power generation function is directly integrated into the ground paving materials without occupying additional land or roof space. It is suitable for places such as squares, pedestrian streets, parking lots, terraces, and transportation hubs that require hard paving and have power generation needs.

[0057] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 The present invention provides an embodiment of a method for preparing non-slip tempered glass, comprising: (a) spraying a pretreatment coating containing polar groups on the surface to increase the surface energy to a range of 70-85 dyn / cm; (b) applying a dry powder glaze with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm using a precision scraper; and (c) drying at 180-220°C and sintering at 680-720°C to form a composite rough surface having micron-sized protrusions and submicron-sized pores, with the profile arithmetic mean deviation Ra controlled within a range of 18-22 μm. The pretreatment coating is a silane coupling agent or a titanate coupling agent.

[0058] Furthermore, by spraying a pre-treatment coating containing a polar group of silane coupling agent or titanate coupling agent on the surface, the glass surface energy can be accurately increased to 70-85 dyn / cm, which is conducive to promoting the subsequent wetting and spreading of the glaze, laying the foundation for a strong bond. Subsequently, a precision scraper is used to evenly apply the dry powder glaze with a precise thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm. After drying, it is sintered at a specific high temperature of 680-720 ° C to form a composite rough structure with micron-level protrusions and submicron-level pores. The structure is controlled at a profile arithmetic mean deviation Ra value of 18-22 μm. Its high roughness and multi-level texture are conducive to improving surface friction. The friction coefficient provides reliable anti-slip safety even in extremely slippery conditions such as oil, rain, etc. The polar groups in the silane coupling agent or titanate coupling agent of the pre-treatment coating not only increase the surface energy, but also form strong chemical bonds with the hydroxyl groups on the glass surface and the inorganic components in the glaze. Combined with the sintering temperature curve of 680-720℃, it can ensure that the glaze melts and fully penetrates, forming a strong chemical metallurgical bond with the glass substrate. It can prevent the glaze layer from peeling, powdering or failure due to mechanical stress, thermal expansion and contraction or environmental erosion during use, thereby giving the anti-slip layer an extremely long service life and environmental tolerance.

[0059] Example 3: Please refer to Figure 3 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: the vertical support ribs and the horizontal platform of the I-shaped metal base 9 form a stress dispersion structure;

[0060] Furthermore, through its unique structural design combining vertical support ribs with horizontal platforms, it achieves significant stress dispersion and load-bearing strengthening effects:

[0061] The vertical support ribs serve as the core load-bearing framework, efficiently transferring the vertical pressure exerted on the photovoltaic modules 4 to the bottom support surface. Simultaneously, the horizontal platform is bonded to the module bottom over a large area with sealant, evenly distributing the localized concentrated load across the entire contact surface. This prevents stress concentration at a single point and significantly reduces the risk of cracking or hidden cracks in the glass layer and internal solar cells due to stress concentration.

[0062] The vertical ribs and horizontal platforms form a rigid grid frame, significantly improving the bending and torsional strength of the base itself, effectively suppressing the deformation of the floor tiles under eccentric loads or impacts, and ensuring that the photovoltaic modules 4 remain flat and stable for a long time;

[0063] By dispersing mechanical stress and absorbing impact energy, this structure provides a physical barrier for internal cells, busbars, and packaging structures, reducing electrical failures or packaging failures caused by external forces and extending component life.

[0064] The bottom of the I-shaped metal base 9 is connected to the steel frame 10 through a square fixing device. Its stable mechanical structure enhances the overall anchoring of the floor tiles and the support system, prevents displacement or loosening, and ensures the long-term safety and reliability of the paved site.

[0065] Example 4: Please refer to Figure 2 In one embodiment of the present invention, the first white PVB film layer 2 and the second white PVB film layer 5 are respectively located on both sides of the cell layer 3 to enhance light reflectivity, and the black PVB film layer 6 is combined with the back tempered glass layer 7 to form a light absorption structure.

[0066] Furthermore, the first white PVB film layer 2 and the second white PVB film layer 5 on the upper and lower sides of the cell layer 3 utilize their high reflective properties to secondary reflect the incident light and scattered light that pass through the cell gap to the back of the cell, thereby increasing the utilization rate and reducing light energy loss;

[0067] The black PVB film layer 6 and the dark back tempered glass 7 form a light-absorbing structure, effectively absorbing the residual light that penetrates the cell, preventing reflection at the glass-film interface, and eliminating the white flash phenomenon between the cell gaps. The bottom of the floor tile presents a uniform dark appearance from the viewing angle, enhancing the visual neatness and high-quality texture of the paved area.

[0068] The white PVB film layer wraps around both sides of the cell, providing buffer protection, dispersing external stress, and reducing the risk of hidden cracks in the cell. The black PVB layer further blocks ground moisture and UV erosion, delaying film aging and extending the life of the module.

[0069] The white PVB film layer can reflect light and reduce heat accumulation inside the module, while the black layer promotes the diffusion of heat from the bottom layer, synergistically improving heat dissipation performance and avoiding efficiency degradation caused by high temperature.

[0070] Example 5: Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: the junction box 8 is fixed to the protruding portion of the busbar by welding, and a sealant is poured inside to achieve waterproof sealing;

[0071] Furthermore, the welding process ensures that the busbar and the internal circuit of the junction box 8 form a stable and reliable electrical connection, completely eliminating the risk of increased resistance, heat and even short circuit caused by loose contact or oxidation. The internal sealant is filled to form a physical isolation barrier, achieving IP68-level waterproof and dustproof sealing, effectively resisting rainwater penetration, moisture erosion and salt spray corrosion, and ensuring long-term insulation safety in extreme outdoor environments. At the same time, after the sealant is cured, it provides buffering protection for the welding points and internal components, significantly improving the ability to resist mechanical vibration and impact, and extending the service life of the junction box 8.

[0072] Example 6: Please refer to Figure 5 The present invention provides an embodiment: the manufacturing steps of the anti-slip photovoltaic floor tiles are as follows:

[0073] S1. Component lamination:

[0074] Stack the glazed non-slip tempered glass layer 1, the first white PVB film layer 2, the battery layer 3, the second white PVB film layer 5, the black PVB film layer 6 and the back tempered glass layer 7 in order;

[0075] Weld the grid lines of the cell layer 3 to the busbars, and allow the busbars to pass through the pre-set openings in the back glass.

[0076] S2, cavity gradient lamination:

[0077] The first chamber was heated at 140°C below, 110°C above, and vacuumed for 1380 seconds. A gradient pressure of -80 kPa, -60 kPa, and -40 kPa was applied in three stages, with a holding time of 390 seconds.

[0078] Second chamber: lower heating temperature is 155°C, upper heating temperature is 110°C, vacuum time is 30s, gradient pressure of -80kPa→-60kPa→-40kPa is applied in three stages, and pressure holding time is 1740s;

[0079] S3, post-lamination processing: After lamination is completed, use an electric hot cutter to remove the overflowed glue layer, use an electric soldering iron to weld the junction box 8 to the protruding part of the bus bar, and pour sealant into the junction box 8. After the sealant is completely cured, use the box cover to seal it;

[0080] S4. Floor tile installation:

[0081] Use sealant to bond the I-shaped metal base 9 to the bottom of the photovoltaic module 4;

[0082] First, use an L-shaped fixing device to fix the steel frame 10 to the ground, and then use an I-shaped metal base 9 to fix the photovoltaic module 4 on top of the steel frame 10;

[0083] Connect the positive and negative lead plugs in series and use sealant to fill the gaps between the floor tiles;

[0084] Furthermore, through the gradient lamination process, the temperature, vacuum gradient, and holding time are controlled in each cavity and segment, ensuring that the PVB film is fully fluidized and filled, and bubbles are completely eliminated. This also prevents cracks or displacement caused by uneven heating of the cell, significantly improving the lamination yield and module durability.

[0085] After the junction box 8 is welded to the busbar, the sealant is poured and cured to form an IP68-level waterproof and dustproof barrier, completely isolating it from moisture and salt spray erosion, eliminating the risk of electrical short circuits. The excess glue layer is removed with an electric hot cutter to ensure the integrity of the edge seal and avoid the risk of delamination in the later stage.

[0086] The steel frame 10 is fixed to the ground via an L-shaped device, and the photovoltaic modules 4 are quickly locked via a square device, achieving a flexible paving that is wind-resistant and earthquake-resistant and can be replaced with individual bricks;

[0087] Fill the gaps between floor tiles with sealant to block rainwater infiltration and extend the life of the entire system;

[0088] The pre-installed junction box 8 and plug design, combined with modular installation, shortens on-site deployment time.

[0089] Working principle: By adopting the glazed non-slip tempered glass layer 1 and applying special pretreatment and dry granular glaze sintering process, a rough non-slip layer with a high friction coefficient is formed, which greatly improves the walking safety in rainy and snowy environments. At the same time, combined with the solid support of the top and bottom 12mm tempered glass, the reinforced structure of the I-shaped metal base 9 and the modular steel skeleton 10 fixing system, the floor tiles are given excellent compression and impact resistance and overall stability, which can reliably withstand the traffic load. In terms of power generation performance, the standard double-glass package is combined with the reflective synergistic effect of the white PVB film to ensure efficient and reliable photoelectric conversion capabilities, and then provided through comprehensive sealing protection. Excellent waterproof, dustproof, weather-resistant and aging-resistant properties ensure long-term durability in harsh outdoor environments. In addition, the preset lead holes, quick-plug positive and negative connectors and the integrated lead channel design on the base realize convenient, safe and hidden wiring of electrical connections, greatly simplifying the installation and maintenance process, and significantly improving the efficiency of ground space utilization, perfectly integrating photovoltaic power generation functions into ground paving. By spraying the surface with a silane coupling agent or titanate coupling agent pre-treatment coating containing polar groups, the glass surface energy can be increased to 70-85dyn / cm, greatly enhancing the wettability and adhesion of the glaze. Subsequently, a precision scraper is used to evenly apply the 0.2-0.5mm thickness. The dry powder glaze is evenly coated, dried at 180-220℃, and sintered at a high temperature of 680-720℃ to form a composite rough structure with both micron-level protrusions and submicron-level pores. The arithmetic mean deviation Ra of the profile is strictly controlled at 18-22μm, thereby ensuring the excellent and long-lasting anti-slip performance of the glass surface, and providing reliable safety protection even in extremely wet and slippery environments such as oil, rain, etc. At the same time, the polar groups in the pre-treatment coating form strong chemical bonds with the glass and glaze, combined with the optimized sintering process to ensure that the anti-slip layer has super anti-peeling and environmental durability. The first white PVB film layer 2 and the second white PVB film layer 5 are respectively located on the electric The upper and lower sides of the cell layer 3 utilize their high reflective properties to reflect the light that has passed through the cell gap and scattered back to the back of the cell, significantly improving the utilization rate of light energy. At the same time, the black PVB film layer 6 at the bottom and the tempered glass layer 7 on the back work together to form a light-absorbing structure, which effectively absorbs the residual transmitted light and completely eliminates the white reflection phenomenon in the cell gap, making the bottom of the floor tile present a uniform dark high-end visual effect. Through the gradient lamination process, the temperature, vacuum gradient and holding time are controlled in different chambers and sections to ensure that the PVB film is fully flowed and filled, and bubbles are completely eliminated. At the same time, it avoids hidden cracks or displacement caused by uneven heating of the cell, significantly improving the lamination yield and component durability.

[0090] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A non-slip photovoltaic floor tile, characterized by: Including integrated packaged photovoltaic modules (4): The photovoltaic module (4) is prepared by sequentially stacking a 12mm glazed anti-slip tempered glass layer (1), a 0.38mm first white PVB film layer (2), a cell layer (3), a 0.38mm second white PVB film layer (5), a 0.38mm black PVB film layer (6) and a 12mm back tempered glass layer (7) from top to bottom; The glaze surface of the glazed anti-skid tempered glass layer (1) faces outwards, and its surface is sprayed with a pre-treated coating that increases the surface energy, and is coated with dry granular glaze, which is dried and sintered to form a rough anti-skid layer; The grid lines of the battery layer (3) are fixed by welding with a bus bar, the bus bar is led out from a preset opening of the tempered glass layer on the back side and connected to a sealed junction box (8), and the two ends of the junction box (8) are connected to a positive plug and a negative plug respectively through a cable passing through a lead hole; The bottom of the photovoltaic module (4) is bonded to an I-shaped metal base (9) by means of a sealant, and the I-shaped metal base (9) is provided with a lead hole; The photovoltaic module (4) is connected to the steel frame (10) via an I-shaped metal base (9), and the steel frame (10) is fixed to the ground via an L-shaped fixing device; Fill the gaps between adjacent photovoltaic floor tiles with sealant.

2. The anti-slip photovoltaic floor tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the anti-slip tempered glass comprises: (a) spraying a pre-treatment coating containing polar groups on the surface to increase the surface energy to a range of 70-85 dyn / cm; (b) applying a dry powder glaze with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm using a precision scraper; and (c) drying at 180-220° C. and sintering at 680-720° C. to form a composite rough surface with micron-scale protrusions and submicron-scale pores, wherein the arithmetic mean deviation Ra of the profile is controlled within a range of 18-22 μm.

3. The anti-slip photovoltaic floor tile according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pretreatment coating is one of a silane coupling agent and a titanate coupling agent.

4. The anti-slip photovoltaic floor tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical support ribs and the transverse platform of the I-shaped metal base (9) form a stress dispersion structure.

5. The anti-slip photovoltaic floor tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first white PVB film layer (2) and the second white PVB film layer (5) are respectively located on both sides of the cell layer (3) to enhance light reflectivity, and the black PVB film layer (6) is combined with the back tempered glass layer (7) to form a light absorption structure.

6. The anti-slip photovoltaic floor tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The junction box (8) is fixed to the protruding portion of the busbar by welding, and a sealant is injected inside to achieve waterproof sealing.

7. The method for manufacturing anti-slip photovoltaic floor tiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manufacturing steps of the anti-slip photovoltaic floor tiles are as follows: S1. Component lamination: Stacking the glazed non-slip tempered glass layer (1), the first white PVB film layer (2), the battery layer (3), the second white PVB film layer (5), the black PVB film layer (6) and the back tempered glass layer (7) in order; The grid lines of the battery layer (3) are welded and fixed to the busbars, and the busbars are passed through the preset openings in the back glass; S2, cavity gradient lamination: The first chamber was heated at 140°C below, 110°C above, and vacuumed for 1380 seconds. A gradient pressure of -80 kPa, -60 kPa, and -40 kPa was applied in three stages, with a holding time of 390 seconds. Second chamber: lower heating temperature is 155°C, upper heating temperature is 110°C, vacuum time is 30s, gradient pressure of -80kPa→-60kPa→-40kPa is applied in three stages, and pressure holding time is 1740s; S3, post-lamination processing: after lamination is completed, use an electric hot cutter to remove the overflowed glue layer, use an electric soldering iron to weld the junction box (8) and the protruding part of the bus bar, and pour sealant into the junction box (8). After the sealant is completely cured, use the box cover to seal it; S4. Floor tile installation: Using sealant to bond the I-shaped metal base (9) to the bottom of the photovoltaic module (4); First, the steel frame (10) is fixed to the ground using an L-shaped fixing device, and then the photovoltaic module (4) is fixed above the steel frame (10) using an I-shaped metal base (9); Connect the positive and negative lead plugs in series and use sealant to fill the gaps between the tiles.

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