Explosion-proof window structure and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-explosion window structure and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of anti-explosion window structures. The composite functional coating is prepared by modifying inorganic nanoparticles and then mixing the modified inorganic nanoparticles with perfluoropolyether; then spraying the composite functional coating on the surface of the fluoride crystal to prepare a light-transmitting element; and the light-transmitting element is assembled with the sealing assembly, the mounting and fixing assembly, the flange frame and the protective cover to obtain the anti-explosion window structure. According to the window structure, the anti-explosion performance of the window structure is comprehensively improved from the two aspects of the physical structure and the performance enhancement of the light-transmitting element, meanwhile, the excellent light-transmitting performance of the light-transmitting element is kept, and the window structure has wide application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of explosion-proof window structures, and in particular to an explosion-proof window structure and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In applications where potential explosion risks exist, explosion-proof windows serve as critical safety and observation components, their performance directly impacting personnel safety, equipment integrity, and operational effectiveness. In these scenarios, windows must not only withstand the intense impact pressure generated by the explosion and resist flying debris, thereby preventing the leakage and spread of explosive energy, buying time for personnel evacuation and equipment protection, but also possess excellent light transmittance to ensure clear, real-time observation of internal working conditions, reaction processes, or target states.

[0003] However, existing explosion-proof window structures face technical limitations, making it difficult to achieve both excellent explosion-proof performance and good light transmittance. Some traditional structures enhance explosion-proof capabilities by using thickened metal frames or stacking multiple layers of tempered glass. However, this often results in reduced light transmittance, increased overall weight, and higher installation and maintenance costs. Other structures, while utilizing materials with high light transmittance, are susceptible to cracking and deformation in the face of strong explosions due to insufficient mechanical properties or structural design flaws, rendering them ineffective in forming a reliable protective barrier. Furthermore, some explosion-proof windows experience performance degradation over long periods of use due to environmental factors (such as corrosion and temperature fluctuations), further impacting their safety and practicality.

[0004] Therefore, developing an explosion-proof window structure that can not only comprehensively improve explosion-proof performance but also maintain excellent light transmission properties has become an urgent need in related fields. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, this application provides an explosion-proof window structure, its preparation method, and application. A composite functional coating is prepared by mixing modified inorganic nanoparticles with perfluoropolyether; the composite functional coating is then sprayed onto the surface of a fluoride crystal to produce a light-transmitting element; this light-transmitting element is assembled with a sealing component, a mounting and fixing component, a flange frame, and a protective cover to obtain an explosion-proof window structure. This window structure comprehensively improves its explosion-proof performance by enhancing both its physical structure and the performance of the light-transmitting element, while maintaining the excellent light transmittance of the light-transmitting element.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions: In the first aspect, the present application provides an explosion-proof window structure, comprising a flange frame, a protective cover, a light-transmitting element, a sealing assembly, and an installation and fixing assembly; wherein the sealing assembly comprises an inner ring double-sided tape, a rear gasket, and a single-sided sealing ring, and the installation and fixing assembly comprises a locking nut, a rear-spinning nut, and a side-spinning nut; the flange frame, the inner ring double-sided tape, the light-transmitting element, the rear gasket, and the single-sided sealing ring are sequentially bonded to each other in pairs; the light-transmitting element is made by coating a fluoride crystal with a composite functional coating; the composite functional coating comprises perfluoropolyether doped with modified inorganic nanoparticles; the modified inorganic nanoparticles are obtained by modifying inorganic nanoparticles with a silane coupling agent.

[0007] The explosion-proof window structure provided by this application uses double-sided tape on the inner ring to provide initial bonding force, a rear gasket to buffer stress, and a single-sided sealing ring to fill microscopic gaps. Multiple layers are stacked to form a gradient seal. The three-dimensional fastening structure of the locking nut, rear-spinning nut, and side-spinning nut is further combined to form a solid physical barrier that effectively resists impact and pressure leakage. The inorganic nanoparticles modified with silane coupling agents can be evenly dispersed in perfluoropolyether through chemical bonding and physical adsorption. When the light-transmitting element is impacted, the inorganic nanoparticles can disperse the stress to a larger area. At the same time, the strong interface bonding between the inorganic nanoparticles and the matrix can effectively prevent crack propagation, thereby significantly improving the explosion-proof performance of the material. If the nanoparticles agglomerate, they will produce strong light scattering due to their size close to the wavelength of visible light, resulting in a decrease in light transmittance. However, after modification with a silane coupling agent, the inorganic nanoparticles are evenly dispersed and have a particle size of 20~50nm, so the light scattering effect can be ignored. Moreover, the perfluoropolyether is transparent as a whole, so the light-transmitting element can also maintain its overall light transmittance. Ultimately, the explosion-proof performance of the explosion-proof window structure is improved while the light transmittance is maintained through the optimization and adjustment of the physical structure and the enhancement of the performance of the light-transmitting elements.

[0008] In one feasible embodiment, the fluoride crystals include any one of magnesium fluoride crystals, calcium fluoride crystals, and barium fluoride crystals. The fluoride crystals used in this application are formed by strongly ionic bonds between highly electronegative fluoride ions and metal cations. The atomic nuclei have a strong binding effect on electrons, resulting in a large band gap between the valence band and the conduction band. As a result, the fluoride crystals do not meet the electronic transition conditions for ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light photon energies, and therefore exhibit high transmittance within these light bands, thereby having high light transmittance.

[0009] In one feasible implementation scheme, the inorganic nanoparticles include any one of nano-silicon dioxide, nano-titanium dioxide and nano-aluminum oxide; and the particle size of the inorganic nanoparticles ranges from 20 to 50 nm.

[0010] In one feasible embodiment, the preparation method of the composite functional coating comprises the following steps: The inorganic nanoparticles are added to a mixing mixer and stirred at a rate of 500-600 rpm, and a silane coupling agent is sprayed therein while stirring, and then the stirring is continued for 5-15 minutes to obtain modified inorganic nanoparticles; the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the inorganic nanoparticles is (1-5): (95-99); A dispersant is added to the perfluoropolyether, and then stirred at a rate of 200-300 rpm for 10-20 minutes while ultrasonicating to form a mixed solution; the mass ratio of the perfluoropolyether to the dispersant is (70-80):(20-30); The modified inorganic nanoparticles are added to the mixed solution, and the mixture is continuously stirred at a rate of 200-300 rpm for 15-30 minutes while ultrasonically treating the mixture to obtain a composite functional coating; the mass ratio of the modified inorganic nanoparticles to the mixed solution is (5-15):(85-95).

[0011] In one feasible embodiment, the silane coupling agent includes any one of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltriethoxysilane and β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane.

[0012] The silane coupling agent hydrolyzes to generate silanol groups, which react with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the inorganic nanoparticles used in this application to form covalent bonds. Simultaneously, the epoxy groups in the silane coupling agent crosslink with the active atoms in the perfluoropolyether (such as the oxygen in the ether bond), achieving uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer and creating a nano-enhanced network. The resulting composite functional coating, when applied to the surface of fluoride crystals, significantly improves the fluoride crystals' explosion-proof properties while maintaining excellent light transmittance.

[0013] In one possible embodiment, the dispersant includes any one of perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane and perfluorooctane.

[0014] The dispersants used in this application can reduce the viscosity of the composite functional coating, promote mixing of nanoparticles and perfluoropolyether, and form a stable and uniform dispersion, which facilitates coating on fluoride crystals. In addition, these dispersants can enhance their interaction with perfluoropolyether through hydrogen bonding, improving the density of the composite functional coating.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure, comprising the following steps: Control the spraying pressure and spraying distance to spray the composite functional coating onto both the front and back surfaces of the fluoride crystal; The fluoride crystals are then vacuum infiltrated and cured at 100-120°C for 2-4 hours to obtain a light-transmitting element. Attach the inner ring double-sided tape, light-transmitting element, rear gasket and single-sided sealing ring to the flange frame in sequence; Then install the backscrew nut and fix the protective cover to the flange frame with the set nut; Finally, install the side-screw nut to obtain the explosion-proof window structure.

[0016] In one feasible implementation scheme, the spraying pressure is 0.3-0.5 MPa, and the spraying distance is 10-15 cm.

[0017] In one feasible implementation scheme, the parameters of the vacuum infiltration treatment are: -0.1 MPa to -0.08 MPa, and infiltration for 30 to 60 minutes.

[0018] Optimizing the spraying pressure and distance can cause the coating to plastically deform when sprayed onto the surface of the fluoride crystal, forming a tightly fitting coating. Furthermore, vacuum impregnation expels gas inside the crystal through negative pressure, promoting the penetration of the composite functional coating and improving the explosion-proof performance of the resulting light-transmitting element.

[0019] In a third aspect, the present application provides an application of an explosion-proof window structure in infrared temperature measurement.

[0020] The explosion-proof window structure prepared in the present application can be installed on the box or cabinet of the power system to observe the internal conditions of the box or cabinet of the power system and monitor its internal temperature and other parameters.

[0021] Beneficial technical effects: In the present application, a composite functional coating is prepared by modifying inorganic nanoparticles and mixing them with perfluoropolyether; the composite functional coating is then sprayed onto the surface of a fluoride crystal to prepare a light-transmitting element; the light-transmitting element is assembled with a sealing component, a mounting and fixing component, a flange frame, and a protective cover to obtain an explosion-proof window structure.

[0022] This explosion-proof window structure utilizes double-sided tape on the inner ring to provide initial adhesion, a rear gasket to buffer stress, and a single-sided sealing ring to fill microscopic gaps. This multi-layered structure creates a gradient seal. Furthermore, a three-dimensional fastening structure consisting of a set nut, a backscrew nut, and a sidescrew nut forms a robust physical barrier that effectively resists impact and pressure leakage. Within this structure, inorganic nanoparticles modified with a silane coupling agent are uniformly dispersed in perfluoropolyether through chemical bonding and physical adsorption. When the transparent component is impacted, the inorganic nanoparticles disperse stress over a wider area. Furthermore, the strong interfacial bonding between the inorganic nanoparticles and the matrix effectively prevents crack propagation, significantly enhancing the material's explosion-proof performance. If the inorganic nanoparticles aggregate, their size approaches the wavelength of visible light, resulting in strong light scattering and a decrease in transmittance. However, after modification with a silane coupling agent, the nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed and have a particle size of only 20 to 50 nm, making the light scattering effect negligible. Furthermore, the perfluoropolyether is transparent overall, allowing the transparent component to maintain its overall light transmittance. Finally, the light-transmitting element made by coating fluoride crystals with composite functional coatings and vacuum impregnation treatment has excellent explosion-proof performance and excellent light transmittance, realizing the application expansion of this explosion-proof window structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion-proof window structure.

[0024] Reference numerals: 1. Flange frame; 2. Protective cover; 3. Light-transmitting element; 401. Double-sided tape on the inner ring; 402. Rear gasket; 403. Single-sided sealing ring; 501. Locking nut; 502. Back-spin nut; 503. Side-spin nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the following examples. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application to the following examples. Without departing from the above-mentioned method concepts of this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "for," "or," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0027] The present application provides an explosion-proof window structure and its preparation method and application. The structural diagram thereof is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0028] The following will describe in detail a method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure provided by the present application in combination with different embodiments.

[0029] Example 1 A method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure comprises the following steps: S1. Control the spraying pressure to 0.4 MPa and the spraying distance to 12 cm, and spray the composite functional coating onto the front and back surfaces of the magnesium fluoride crystal; S2, then infiltrating the magnesium fluoride crystals at -0.09 MPa for 45 minutes, and curing at 100° C. for 3 hours to obtain a light-transmitting element 3; S3. Attach the inner double-sided tape 401, the light-transmitting element 3, the rear gasket 402, and the single-sided sealing ring 403 to the flange frame 1 in sequence; S4. Then install the backscrew nut 502 and fix the protective cover 2 on the flange frame 1 through the fastening nut 501; S5. Finally, install the side screw nut 503 to obtain the explosion-proof window structure; In this embodiment, the preparation method of the composite functional coating is as follows: 1) Add nano-silica into a mixing mixer and stir at a rate of 550 rpm. Spray γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane into the mixer while stirring. Continue stirring for 10 minutes to obtain modified nano-silica. The mass ratio of the γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane to nano-silica is 2:98; 2) adding perfluorohexane to the perfluoropolyether, followed by stirring at 250 rpm for 15 minutes while ultrasonicating to form a mixed solution; The mass ratio of the perfluoropolyether to perfluorohexane is 75:25; 3) Add the modified nano-silica to the mixed solution, and continue stirring at 250 rpm for 20 minutes while ultrasonicating to obtain a composite functional coating; The mass ratio of the modified nano-silica to the mixed liquid is 10:90.

[0030] Example 2 A method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure comprises the following steps: S1. Control the spraying pressure to 0.3 MPa and the spraying distance to 10 cm, and spray the composite functional coating onto the front and back surfaces of the calcium fluoride crystal; S2, then infiltrating the calcium fluoride crystals at -0.08 MPa for 30 minutes and curing at 110° C. for 2 hours to obtain a light-transmitting element 3; S3. Attach the inner double-sided tape 401, the light-transmitting element 3, the rear gasket 402, and the single-sided sealing ring 403 to the flange frame 1 in sequence; S4. Then install the backscrew nut 502 and fix the protective cover 2 on the flange frame 1 through the fastening nut 501; S5. Finally, install the side screw nut 503 to obtain the explosion-proof window structure; In this embodiment, the preparation method of the composite functional coating is as follows: 1) Add nano-titanium dioxide into a mixing mixer and stir at a rate of 500 rpm. Spray γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltriethoxysilane into the mixer while stirring. Continue stirring for 5 minutes to obtain modified nano-titanium dioxide. The mass ratio of the γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltriethoxysilane to nano-titanium dioxide is 3:97; 2) adding perfluoroheptane to the perfluoropolyether, followed by stirring at 200 rpm for 10 minutes while ultrasonicating to form a mixed solution; The mass ratio of the perfluoropolyether to perfluoroheptane is 70:30; 3) Add the modified nano-titanium dioxide to the mixed solution, and continue stirring at 200 rpm for 15 minutes while ultrasonicating to obtain a composite functional coating; The mass ratio of the modified nano-titanium dioxide to the mixed liquid is 5:95.

[0031] Example 3 A method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure comprises the following steps: S1. Control the spraying pressure to 0.5 MPa and the spraying distance to 15 cm, and spray the composite functional coating onto the front and back surfaces of the barium fluoride crystal; S2, then infiltrating the barium fluoride crystals at -0.1 MPa for 60 minutes and curing at 120° C. for 4 hours to obtain a light-transmitting element 3; S3. Attach the inner double-sided tape 401, the light-transmitting element 3, the rear gasket 402, and the single-sided sealing ring 403 to the flange frame 1 in sequence; S4. Then install the backscrew nut 502 and fix the protective cover 2 on the flange frame 1 through the fastening nut 501; S5. Finally, install the side screw nut 503 to obtain the explosion-proof window structure; In this embodiment, the preparation method of the composite functional coating is as follows: 1) Add nano-alumina into a mixing mixer and stir at a rate of 600 rpm. While stirring, spray β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane into the mixer and continue stirring for 15 minutes to obtain modified nano-alumina. The mass ratio of the β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane to nano-alumina is 1:99; 2) adding perfluorooctane to the perfluoropolyether, followed by stirring at 300 rpm for 20 minutes while ultrasonicating to form a mixed solution; The mass ratio of the perfluoropolyether to perfluorooctane is 80:20; 3) Add the modified nano-alumina to the mixed solution, and continue stirring at 300 rpm for 30 minutes while ultrasonicating to obtain a composite functional coating; The mass ratio of the modified nano-alumina to the mixed liquid is 15:85.

[0032] Example 4 A method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure comprises the following steps: S1. Control the spraying pressure to 0.35 MPa and the spraying distance to 11 cm, and spray the composite functional coating onto the front and back surfaces of the magnesium fluoride crystal; S2, then infiltrating the magnesium fluoride crystals at -0.085 MPa for 40 minutes, and curing at 115° C. for 2.5 hours to obtain a light-transmitting element 3; S3. Attach the inner double-sided tape 401, the light-transmitting element 3, the rear gasket 402, and the single-sided sealing ring 403 to the flange frame 1 in sequence; S4. Then install the backscrew nut 502 and fix the protective cover 2 on the flange frame 1 through the fastening nut 501; S5. Finally, install the side screw nut 503 to obtain the explosion-proof window structure; In this embodiment, the preparation method of the composite functional coating is as follows: 1) Add nano-silica to a mixing mixer and stir at a rate of 520 rpm. Spray γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltriethoxysilane into the mixer while stirring. Continue stirring for 8 minutes to obtain modified nano-silica. The mass ratio of the γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltriethoxysilane to nano-silica is 5:95; 2) adding perfluoroheptane to the perfluoropolyether, followed by stirring at 220 rpm for 12 minutes while ultrasonicating to form a mixed solution; The mass ratio of the perfluoropolyether to perfluoroheptane is 72:28; 3) Adding the modified nano-silica to the mixed solution, and continuing to stir at a rate of 220 rpm for 18 minutes while ultrasonicating to obtain a composite functional coating; The mass ratio of the modified nano-silica to the mixed liquid is 8:92.

[0033] Example 5 A method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure comprises the following steps: S1. Control the spraying pressure to 0.45 MPa and the spraying distance to 13 cm, and spray the composite functional coating onto the front and back surfaces of the calcium fluoride crystal; S2, then infiltrating the calcium fluoride crystals at -0.095 MPa for 50 minutes, and curing at 120° C. for 3.5 hours to obtain a light-transmitting element 3; S3. Attach the inner double-sided tape 401, the light-transmitting element 3, the rear gasket 402, and the single-sided sealing ring 403 to the flange frame 1 in sequence; S4. Then install the backscrew nut 502 and fix the protective cover 2 on the flange frame 1 through the fastening nut 501; S5. Finally, install the side screw nut 503 to obtain the explosion-proof window structure; In this embodiment, the preparation method of the composite functional coating is as follows: 1) Add nano-titanium dioxide into a mixing mixer and stir at a rate of 580 rpm. While stirring, spray β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane into the mixer and continue stirring for 12 minutes to obtain modified nano-titanium dioxide. The mass ratio of the β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane to nano-titanium dioxide is 4:96; 2) adding perfluorohexane to the perfluoropolyether, followed by stirring at 280 rpm for 18 minutes while ultrasonicating to form a mixed solution; The mass ratio of the perfluoropolyether to perfluorohexane is 78:22; 3) Add the modified nano-titanium dioxide to the mixed solution, and continue stirring at 280 rpm for 25 minutes while ultrasonicating to obtain a composite functional coating; The mass ratio of the modified nano-titanium dioxide to the mixed liquid is 12:88.

[0034] Example 6 A method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure comprises the following steps: S1. Control the spraying pressure to 0.4 MPa and the spraying distance to 14 cm, and spray the composite functional coating onto the front and back surfaces of the barium fluoride crystal; S2, then infiltrating the barium fluoride crystals at -0.09 MPa for 55 minutes, and curing at 110° C. for 3 hours to obtain a light-transmitting element 3; S3. Attach the inner double-sided tape 401, the light-transmitting element 3, the rear gasket 402, and the single-sided sealing ring 403 to the flange frame 1 in sequence; S4. Then install the backscrew nut 502 and fix the protective cover 2 on the flange frame 1 through the fastening nut 501; S5. Finally, install the side screw nut 503 to obtain the explosion-proof window structure; In this embodiment, the preparation method of the composite functional coating is as follows: 1) Add nano-alumina into a mixing mixer and stir at a rate of 560 rpm. Spray γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane into the mixer while stirring. Continue stirring for 14 minutes to obtain modified nano-alumina. The mass ratio of the γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane to nano-alumina is 3:97; 2) adding perfluorooctane to the perfluoropolyether, followed by stirring at 260 rpm for 16 minutes while ultrasonicating to form a mixed solution; The mass ratio of the perfluoropolyether to perfluorooctane is 70:30; 3) Add the modified nano-alumina to the mixed solution, and continue stirring at 260 rpm for 22 minutes while ultrasonicating to obtain a composite functional coating; The mass ratio of the modified nano-alumina to the mixed liquid is 6:94.

[0035] Comparative Example 1 A method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure comprises the following steps: S1. Attach the inner ring double-sided tape, magnesium fluoride crystal, rear gasket and single-sided sealing ring to the flange frame in sequence; S2. Then install the backscrew nut and fix the protective cover to the flange frame through the fastening nut; S3. Finally, install the side-spinning nut to obtain the explosion-proof window structure.

[0036] Comparative Example 2 A method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure comprises the following steps: S1. Control the spraying pressure to 0.5 MPa and the spraying distance to 15 cm, and spray the composite functional coating onto the front and back surfaces of the barium fluoride crystal; S2, then infiltrating the barium fluoride crystals at -0.1 MPa for 60 minutes and curing at 120° C. for 4 hours to obtain a light-transmitting element; S3. Attach the inner ring double-sided tape, light-transmitting element, rear gasket, and single-sided sealing ring to the flange frame in sequence; S4. Then install the backscrew nut and fix the protective cover to the flange frame through the fastening nut; S5. Finally, install the side screw nut to obtain the explosion-proof window structure; In this comparative example, the preparation method of the composite functional coating is: Adding nano-alumina to perfluoropolyether, stirring at 300 rpm for 30 minutes while ultrasonicating, thereby obtaining a composite functional coating; The mass ratio of the nano-alumina to the perfluoropolyether is 15:85.

[0037] Comparative Example 3 A method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure comprises the following steps: S1. Control the spraying pressure to 0.4 MPa and the spraying distance to 14 cm, and spray the composite functional coating onto the front and back surfaces of the barium fluoride crystal; S2, then infiltrating the barium fluoride crystals at -0.09 MPa for 55 minutes and curing at 110° C. for 3 hours to obtain a light-transmitting element; S3. Attach the inner ring double-sided tape and the light-transmitting element to the flange frame in sequence; S4. Then install the backscrew nut and fix the protective cover to the flange frame through the fastening nut; S5. Finally, install the side screw nut to obtain the explosion-proof window structure; In this comparative example, the preparation method of the composite functional coating is: 1) Adding nano-alumina to a mixing mixer and stirring at a rate of 560 rpm, spraying γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane into the mixer while stirring, and then continuing to stir for 14 minutes to obtain modified inorganic nanoparticles; The mass ratio of the γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane to nano-alumina is 3:97; 2) adding perfluorooctane to the perfluoropolyether, followed by stirring at 260 rpm for 16 minutes while ultrasonicating to form a mixed solution; The mass ratio of the perfluoropolyether to perfluorooctane is 70:30; 3) adding the modified inorganic nanoparticles to the mixed solution, and continuing to stir at a rate of 260 rpm for 22 minutes while ultrasonicating to obtain a composite functional coating; The mass ratio of the modified inorganic nanoparticles to the mixed liquid is 6:94.

[0038] The explosion-proof window structures produced in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected to impact energy resistance, transmittance, and internal arc tests to demonstrate the excellent explosion-proof and light-transmitting properties of the explosion-proof window structures produced in the above Examples and Comparative Examples. The test results are summarized in Table 1 below.

[0039] Table 1 Test results of explosion-proof window structures obtained from Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0040] As can be seen from Table 1, the explosion-proof performance and light transmittance of the explosion-proof window structures prepared in Examples 1 to 6 are better than those in Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

[0041] This is because the explosion-proof window structures obtained in Examples 1 to 6 use the inner ring double-sided tape 401 to provide initial bonding force, the rear gasket 402 to buffer stress, and the single-sided sealing ring 403 to fill microscopic gaps, with multiple layers stacked to form a gradient seal. Furthermore, the three-dimensional fastening structure of the set nut 501, the rear-spin nut 502, and the side-spin nut 503 is combined to form a solid physical barrier that can effectively resist impact and pressure leakage. In its structure, the inorganic nanoparticles modified with silane coupling agents can be evenly dispersed in perfluoropolyether through chemical bonding and physical adsorption. When the light-transmitting element 3 is impacted, the inorganic nanoparticles can disperse the stress to a larger area. At the same time, the strong interface bonding between the inorganic nanoparticles and the matrix can effectively prevent crack propagation, thereby significantly improving the explosion-proof performance of the material. If inorganic nanoparticles agglomerate, their size approaches the wavelength of visible light, resulting in strong light scattering and reduced transmittance. However, after modification with a silane coupling agent, the inorganic nanoparticles are evenly dispersed with a particle size of 20-50 nm, making the light scattering effect negligible. Furthermore, the perfluoropolyether is transparent overall, allowing the light-transmitting element to maintain its overall light transmittance. Ultimately, the light-transmitting element, produced by coating the fluoride crystals with a composite functional coating and vacuum impregnation treatment, exhibits both excellent explosion-proof properties and excellent light transmittance.

[0042] Compared with Example 1, in the explosion-proof window structure prepared in Comparative Example 1, the light-transmitting element is not coated with the composite functional coating. Therefore, when the light-transmitting element is impacted, there are no nanoparticles to disperse the stress to a larger area; nor can the strong interface bonding between the nanoparticles and the matrix be used to effectively prevent the crack from expanding. Ultimately, the impact strength of the explosion-proof window structure is significantly reduced.

[0043] Compared with Example 3, in Comparative Example 2, although the light-transmitting element in the prepared explosion-proof window structure is coated with a composite functional coating, since the inorganic nanoparticles have not been modified and the perfluoropolyether has not been treated with a dispersant, the inorganic nanoparticles are unevenly dispersed and easily agglomerated; ultimately, the impact strength and transmittance are reduced.

[0044] Compared with Example 6, in Comparative Example 3, although the light-transmitting element in the prepared explosion-proof window structure is coated with a composite functional coating, the overall structure lacks a rear gasket and a single-sided sealing ring, so a stable physical barrier cannot be formed, and the impact resistance is significantly reduced.

[0045] The above results show and describe the basic principles and main features of this application as well as the advantages of this application.

[0046] Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above-described embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present application. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Such changes and improvements are intended to fall within the scope of the present application. The scope of protection claimed in the present application is defined by the equivalents of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof window structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a flange frame (1), a protective cover (2), a light-transmitting element (3), a sealing component and an installation and fixing component; wherein the sealing component comprises an inner ring double-sided adhesive tape (401), a rear gasket (402) and a single-sided sealing ring (403); and the installation and fixing component comprises a fixing nut (501), a rear-spinning nut (502) and a side-spinning nut (503); the flange frame (1), the inner ring double-sided adhesive tape (401), the light-transmitting element (3), the rear gasket (402) and the single-sided sealing ring (403) are sequentially attached to each other in pairs; the light-transmitting element (3) is prepared by coating a fluoride crystal with a composite functional coating; the composite functional coating comprises perfluoropolyether doped with modified inorganic nanoparticles; and the modified inorganic nanoparticles are obtained by modifying inorganic nanoparticles with a silane coupling agent.

2. An explosion-proof window structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluoride crystals include any one of magnesium fluoride crystals, calcium fluoride crystals and barium fluoride crystals.

3. The explosion-proof window structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic nanoparticles include any one of nano-silicon dioxide, nano-titanium dioxide and nano-aluminum oxide; the particle size of the inorganic nanoparticles ranges from 20 to 50 nm.

4. An explosion-proof window structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite functional coating comprises the following steps: The inorganic nanoparticles are added to a mixing mixer and stirred at a rate of 500-600 rpm, and a silane coupling agent is sprayed therein while stirring, and then the stirring is continued for 5-15 minutes to obtain modified inorganic nanoparticles; the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the inorganic nanoparticles is (1-5): (95-99); A dispersant is added to the perfluoropolyether, and then stirred at a rate of 200-300 rpm for 10-20 minutes while ultrasonicating to form a mixed solution; the mass ratio of the perfluoropolyether to the dispersant is (70-80):(20-30); The modified inorganic nanoparticles are added to the mixed solution, and the mixture is continuously stirred at a rate of 200-300 rpm for 15-30 minutes while ultrasonically treating the mixture to obtain a composite functional coating; the mass ratio of the modified inorganic nanoparticles to the mixed solution is (5-15):(85-95).

5. The explosion-proof window structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The silane coupling agent includes any one of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltriethoxysilane and β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane.

6. The explosion-proof window structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dispersant includes any one of perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane and perfluorooctane.

7. A method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Control the spraying pressure and spraying distance to spray the composite functional coating onto both the front and back surfaces of the fluoride crystal; The fluoride crystals are then vacuum infiltrated and cured at 100-120°C for 2-4 hours to obtain a light-transmitting element (3); The inner ring double-sided tape (401), the light-transmitting element (3), the rear gasket (402) and the single-sided sealing ring (403) are sequentially attached to the flange frame (1); Then install the backscrew nut (502) and fix the protective cover (2) to the flange frame (1) through the fastening nut (501); Finally, the side screw nut (503) is installed to obtain the explosion-proof window structure.

8. The method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spraying pressure is 0.3-0.5 MPa, and the spraying distance is 10-15 cm.

9. The method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The parameters of the vacuum infiltration treatment are: -0.1 MPa to -0.08 MPa, and infiltration for 30 to 60 minutes.

10. Use of an explosion-proof window structure obtained by the method for preparing an explosion-proof window structure according to claim 7 in infrared temperature measurement.

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