Low-temperature supersonic airflow collision ultramicro equipment

Abstract

The invention provides low-temperature supersonic airflow collision ultramicro equipment, which belongs to the field of material crushing and processing, and comprises a feeding device, an airflow collision device, a closed-loop type circulation grading device, a material receiving device, a gas cooling device and a gas inlet device, and the gas inlet device is used for providing a high-pressure gas source for the equipment; the gas cooling device cools the high-pressure gas to a preset low temperature, and then the high-pressure gas is fed into the gas flow collision device after being subjected to pressure regulation through the gas feeding pipeline; the airflow collision device comprises a collision chamber and at least one pair of opposite nozzles, the horizontal distance between the paired nozzles can be adjusted, the air supply pipeline and the feeding pipeline are connected with the nozzles after being intersected, and high-pressure air is sprayed out through the nozzles to form supersonic jet flow to drive materials to collide with each other in the collision chamber. And the collided materials are subjected to closed-loop circulation classification and then enter a material receiving device, and large particles are subjected to circulation collision crushing again. The ultramicro equipment disclosed by the invention can be used for crushing various plant raw materials into 1-10 microns, and has a good application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of material processing, and in particular to a low-temperature supersonic airflow collision ultramicro device. Background Art

[0002] Ultrafine powder processing technology is a 21st-century innovation, widely used in the deep processing of traditional Chinese medicines, biological products, and foods. With the advancement of science and technology and the improvement of living needs, the scope of application of this technology is expanding. Throughout the production and processing process, physical processing maximizes the preservation of natural plant nutrients and active ingredients, while simultaneously reducing the content of pesticide residues and increasing bioavailability.

[0003] Currently, the main types of ultrafine grinding equipment available domestically and internationally include grinding mills, mechanical impact mills, and airflow mills. The most representative types include high-speed mechanical impact mills, vibration mills, stirred mills, colloid mills, and airflow ultrafine grinders. Mechanical ultrafine grinding involves the grinding components of the equipment pulverizing the material through impact, grinding, or shearing. While it can reduce material particle sizes to 15μm or less, it consumes a lot of energy. As particle sizes decrease, the equipment requirements become increasingly demanding, making it difficult to achieve. Furthermore, mechanical ultrafine grinding has the following drawbacks: Friction consumes energy, increasing energy consumption and production costs. It also generates high temperatures, destroying the effective nutrients in organic materials (such as ginseng, pearls, and Ganoderma lucidum spores), rendering them useless. Debris from wear on the moving parts of the equipment can introduce new contamination. Some high-sugar materials, due to their high sugar content, are sticky and easily adhere to the moving parts of the equipment (such as the cutter and grinding disc). The high-speed rotation generates frictional heat, which can lead to burning of the material.

[0004] Therefore, although mechanical ultrafine grinding equipment can achieve the purpose of ultrafine grinding in certain application fields, its inherent defects limit its application scope. However, air flow ultrafine grinding equipment has a wider application field than mechanical ultrafine grinding equipment due to its different working principle.

[0005] Airflow ultrafine grinding utilizes high-speed airflow to drive material particles, breaking and pulverizing them through collision, shear, and friction between particles or between particles and a rigid target (or wall). Airflow ultrafine grinding equipment is widely used in various industries due to its small particle size, minimal pollution, and no impact on the material.

[0006] Airflow ultrafine grinding equipment, due to its simple structure and lack of moving parts such as cutters and grinding discs, can operate safely and smoothly. However, the crushing of materials depends primarily on the expansion of cracks in the particles. During the airflow grinding process, cracks mainly fall into three types: opening, sliding, and tearing. The expansion and growth of cracks must meet certain energy and force requirements. When the crack extends to the edge perpendicular to the boundary, whether it will break depends on two points: first, whether the local stress at the crack is greater than the force between the molecules at the tip; second, whether there is sufficient energy to generate new surfaces and store elastic strain energy. The crushing performance of airflow grinding equipment is mainly related to the energy transfer efficiency between the high-speed airflow and the particles. How to increase the effective crushing energy useful for crushing has become a key issue for airflow grinding equipment.

[0007] Patent document CN 111359762 A discloses a fluidized bed collision-type airflow mechanical ultrafine grinding device and method, which can achieve supersonic airflow. However, due to the fixed structure and the rising airflow, smaller particles are difficult to fall back and collide again. In addition, it is difficult to solve problems such as frictional heat generation, and the ultrafine grinding capability is limited. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature supersonic airflow collision ultrafine equipment for ultrafine deep processing of Chinese herbal medicine, biological products, food and the like.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A low-temperature supersonic airflow collision ultrafine device, which includes a feeding device, an airflow collision device, a closed-circuit circulation classifying device, a material receiving device, a gas cooling device, and an air intake device, wherein the air intake device is used to provide a high-pressure gas source, and the air intake device is connected to the gas cooling device through a pipeline; the gas cooling device is used to cool the gas to a predetermined low temperature, and is connected to the air intake pipe of the airflow collision device through an air supply pipeline; the feeding device is connected to the feed pipe of the airflow collision device through a feeding pipeline; the airflow collision device includes a collision chamber and at least one pair of opposing nozzles, the distance between the opposing pair of nozzles is adjustable, the air intake pipe and the feed pipe of the airflow collision device are connected to the nozzle after intersection, and the high-pressure gas ejected through the nozzle can form a supersonic jet, driving the materials to collide with each other in the collision chamber; the closed-circuit circulation classifying device is connected to the discharge port of the airflow collision device through a discharge pipeline, and the closed-circuit circulation classifying device is connected to the receiving device and the airflow collision device through a receiving pipeline and a circulation pipeline respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, at least one of the pair of nozzles is a dynamic nozzle, and the position and / or angle of the dynamic nozzle are adjustable. Optionally, both nozzles in a pair of nozzles are dynamic nozzles, and their positions and / or angles are adjustable. The position here mainly refers to the relative position of the pair of nozzles, that is, the distance between the two. The nozzles can be fixed on a displacement device, such as a telescopic device. Furthermore, the dynamic nozzle can be installed on an angle displacement device, that is, a device having a corner module and a displacement module, and the dynamic nozzle is installed on the corner module. This makes it possible to adjust the angle and position of the nozzle.

[0011] Furthermore, the material receiving device or the material receiving device and the closed-circuit cyclic classification device have an exhaust structure or exhaust device, so that the gas in the ultra-micro equipment system can be effectively discharged.

[0012] Furthermore, an air pressure difference can be formed between the material receiving device and the closed-circuit circulation classification device.

[0013] Furthermore, the material receiving device can be in a reduced pressure state. For example, it can include a pressure reducing valve. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure reducing valve is located on the wall of the material receiving bin, and a filtering device is installed in front of the pressure reducing valve to exhaust gas, thereby placing the material receiving bin in a reduced pressure state. A filter is also provided in front of the pressure reducing valve to prevent material from escaping. The filter has a nanoscale filter membrane. The pressure reducing valve can include an exhaust pump or a vacuum pump to create a negative pressure inside the material receiving device.

[0014] Furthermore, the material receiving device includes a material receiving bin, and the closed-loop circulation classification device has a sedimentation bin, and the material receiving bin is connected to the sedimentation bin through a material receiving pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the material receiving pipeline is provided with a material receiving pipeline valve with adjustable opening.

[0016] Preferably, the top of the material receiving bin is connected to the top of the deposition bin via a material receiving pipe. Furthermore, air pressure sensors are provided in both the material receiving bin and the deposition bin.

[0017] Furthermore, the circulation pipeline is provided with a circulation pipeline valve. Preferably, the opening of the circulation pipeline valve is adjustable.

[0018] Furthermore, a pressure regulating valve is provided on the gas supply pipeline, and the gas cooled by the gas cooling device is pressure-regulated by the pressure regulating valve and then supplied to the nozzle.

[0019] Furthermore, a sampling port is provided at the discharge port of the airflow collision device.

[0020] Furthermore, an observation window is provided at the discharge port of the airflow collision device.

[0021] Further, a particle size sensor is provided at the outlet of the gas flow collision device. Preferably, the particle size sensor is a multi-channel particle size sensor, which can measure the particle size of PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10, PM50, PM100, etc.

[0022] Further, a particle size sensor is provided at the inlet of the collection pipe. Preferably, the particle size sensor is a multi-channel particle size sensor, which can measure the particle size of PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10, etc.

[0023] Further, the apparatus further comprises a controller.

[0024] Further, the controller controls the opening of the valve on the collection pipe to maintain a predetermined pressure difference between the collection bin and the deposition bin; and / or the controller controls the pressure of the gas flow collision device and the closed-circuit classification device to maintain a predetermined pressure difference between the collection bin and the deposition bin.

[0025] Further, the controller controls the pressure difference between the collection bin and the deposition bin to make the average particle size of the particles entering the collection pipe reach a predetermined particle size.

[0026] Further, the controller adjusts the distance between the nozzles according to the change of the particle size of the material at the outlet of the gas flow collision device. In one embodiment of the present application, the controller controls the distance between the nozzles so that the material collides at the collision focus.

[0027] Further, the controller controls one or more of the feeding speed of the feeding device, the number of gas flow collision cycles, the holding temperature of the gas cooling device, the pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the distance and / or angle between the nozzles, the opening and closing of the valve of the circulation pipe, and the pressure difference between the collection bin and the deposition bin according to a predetermined program.

[0028] Further, the apparatus further comprises an electrostatic elimination device. It includes but is not limited to an electrostatic grounding device, an electrostatic neutralizer (such as an ion fan), etc. The resistance of the electrostatic grounding device is preferably less than 1 ohm.

[0029] The equipment of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention has a gas cooling device, which enables the collision to be carried out in a low-temperature environment by cooling the high-pressure gas, so that the material has a certain brittleness and is more easily broken during the collision; 2. The distance of the nozzle of the present invention is adjustable. By adjusting the distance of the nozzle, different materials (different particle sizes or different densities) can collide at the collision focus, thereby improving the collision efficiency; 3. The collision between materials reduces the wear of the collision chamber and also prevents the worn material from entering the material; 4. By adjusting the pressure difference between the sedimentation bin and the receiving bin, the materials that meet the conditions can be sorted. Go to the collecting bin for collection; 5. After the material of the present invention is collided by the airflow collision device, it is not directly refluxed and collided in the collision chamber, but is sorted by the closed-loop circulation grading device and then returns to the airflow collision device for collision when entering the next cycle, which makes the particle size of the material entering the collision chamber more uniform, so that the distance between the nozzles can be adjusted according to the average particle size, so that the material of this round of circulation can collide at a better position; 6. The present invention eliminates static electricity of materials and equipment through the static electricity removal device, which helps the material to move in the pipeline and helps to collect ultrafine materials; 7. The equipment of the present invention is used for collision and ultrafine, and the material can be processed to 1-10 microns.

[0030] The equipment of the present invention can process different materials, and is particularly suitable for ultra-micro processing of plant materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 . Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 . Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the device of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the airflow collision device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic nozzle and related structures of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure.

[0032] Among them, 1. air flow collision device, 101. displacement module, 102. guide rail, 103. corner module, 104. nozzle connecting pipe, 105. nozzle, 106. feed pipe, 107. air intake pipe, 108. collision chamber, 2. closed-loop circulation classification device, 201. sedimentation bin, 202. circulation pipeline, 3. receiving device, 301. receiving bin, 302. receiving valve, 4. gas cooling device, 5. discharge pipeline, 6. receiving pipeline, 7. receiving pipeline valve, 8. observation window, 9. sampling port, 10. air intake valve, 11. circulation pipeline valve, 12. feed valve, 13. air supply pipeline, 14. feeding pipeline, 1051. throat, 1052. contraction section, 1053. expansion section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Detailed exemplary embodiments are disclosed below. However, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are only for the purpose of describing the exemplary embodiments.

[0035] However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific exemplary embodiments disclosed, but covers all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure.In the description of all figures, the same reference numerals represent the same elements.

[0036] With reference to the accompanying drawings, the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for understanding and reading by those familiar with this technology. They are not used to limit the conditions for implementation of the present invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportional relationship, or adjustment in size, without affecting the efficacy and purpose of the present invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention. At the same time, the position limiting terms quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships, without substantially changing the technical content, should also be considered as the scope of implementation of the present invention.

[0037] It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It should also be understood that when a component or element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another component or element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other component or element, or intervening components or elements may be present. Furthermore, other words used to describe relationships between components or elements should be interpreted in the same manner (e.g., "between" versus "directly between," "adjacent" versus "directly adjacent," etc.).

[0038] The present invention is described in detail below: like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, a low-temperature supersonic airflow collision ultrafine device mainly includes a feeding device, an airflow collision device 1, a collecting device 3, a closed-circuit circulation classification device 2, a gas cooling device 4 and an air intake device.

[0039] Among them, the feeding device can be a pneumatic feeding device, or a feeding device such as a screw. The feeding device is connected to the airflow collision device 1 through a feeding pipe 14 to transport the material into the airflow collision device 1. Specifically, the feeding pipe 14 is connected to the feeding pipe 106 connected to the airflow collision device 1. In some expressions, the function of the feeding device is to feed the material into the system for ultrafine grinding in the airflow collision device 1. In some embodiments, the feeding device and the ultrafine device can be connected in a detachable manner. A feeding valve 12 is provided on the feeding pipe 14 for opening and closing the feeding. The valve can be installed at one end close to the feeding device. Preferably, the opening of the valve is adjustable. The feeding speed can be controlled by controlling the feeding device. The feeding speed can also be controlled by controlling the opening of the valve.

[0040] The air intake device provides high-pressure gas to the system, and the air intake device may include an air compressor and / or a high-pressure gas storage tank. The air intake device cools the high-pressure gas through a pipeline through a gas cooling device 4, and then sends it to the airflow collision device 1. In some embodiments, the air intake device and the ultrafine device can be connected in a detachable manner. To avoid the generation of condensed water during the subsequent cooling process, the humidity of the gas should be controlled to a low humidity, for example, the humidity is within 10%, within 5% or 0%. Preferably, the compressed gas also includes a decontamination step before being sent to the gas cooling device 4 for pre-cooling. Preferably, the decontamination step includes reducing the water content and oil content in the compressed gas. The compressed gas can be nitrogen or air. Using nitrogen can reduce the oxidation of materials during the ultrafine process. Using compressed air can save costs. Generally speaking, compressed gas is generated by an air compressor and may be affected by the environment and may cause air pollution. The corresponding appropriate decontamination step can prevent contaminants from contaminating the materials and the crushing system. The purpose of removing moisture is mainly to prevent the compressed gas from generating condensed water during the cooling process and further freezing in the crushing system. The purpose of removing oil contamination is because oil increases the viscosity of the material, resulting in poor fluidity and difficult processing. Therefore, if necessary, dewatering and deoiling treatment is required to reduce the water and oil content of the compressed gas. For example, the water content of the compressed gas is preferably ≤1 g / m³, preferably ≤0.1 g / m³, preferably ≤0.01 g / m³, and more preferably ≤0.001 g / m³; the total oil content is ≤1 mg / m³, ≤0.1 mg / m³, and more preferably <0.01 mg / m³.

[0041] The gas cooling device 4 is used to cool the high-pressure gas to a predetermined low temperature, and is connected to the air inlet pipe 107 of the airflow collision device 1 through the air supply pipe 13. After cooling, the high-pressure gas can be cooled to, for example, 0°C, -10°C, -20°C, -30°C, -40°C or -50°C. The cooling temperature can be adjusted as needed. The gas cooling device 4 can provide the low temperature used for cooling by liquid nitrogen. It can also be provided by a compressor, a refrigerant and an evaporator to provide a low temperature for the air supply pipe passing therethrough. The compressor compresses the refrigerant to a liquid state. The refrigerant flows through the evaporator and exchanges heat with the cooling section of the air supply pipe 13 passing through the evaporator, so that the gas in the air supply pipe 13 is cooled. The refrigerant evaporates from liquid to gas, and is then compressed into liquid by the compressor. The air supply pipe is cooled in this cycle. Or any available cooling system can be used for cooling. For cooling with liquid nitrogen, one embodiment is that the gas cooling device 4 is a liquid nitrogen insulation box, including a liquid nitrogen storage tower and a cooling box (temperature equalizing box). The cooling section of the gas supply pipeline passes through the cooling box for cooling. A valve is provided between the cooling box and the liquid nitrogen storage tower for controlling the speed and amount of liquid nitrogen entering the cooling box, thereby controlling the temperature of the cooling box so that the temperature in the cooling box remains stable.

[0042] As for the cooling pipe, in the gas cooling device 4, the cooling pipe is, for example, in a spiral shape to increase the heat exchange area.

[0043] The gas cooling device 4 is used to cool the gas to a predetermined low temperature and is connected to the air inlet pipe 107 of the airflow collision device 1 through the air supply pipe 13.

[0044] like Figure 3 and 4 As shown, the airflow collision device 1 includes a collision chamber 108 and at least one pair of opposing nozzles 105. The feed pipe 14 is connected to the feed pipe 106 of the airflow collision device 1, and the air supply pipe 13 is connected to the air inlet pipe 107 of the airflow collision device 1. The air inlet pipe 107 and the feed pipe 106 of the airflow collision device 1 intersect and are connected to the nozzles 105 through the nozzle connecting pipe 104. The distance between the pair of opposing nozzles 105 is adjustable. The high-pressure gas ejected through the nozzles 105 can form a supersonic jet, driving the materials to collide with each other in the collision chamber 108.

[0045] The air supply pipe 13 also has an air pressure regulating valve for regulating the air pressure of the gas entering the airflow collision device 1. Figure 5In the present invention, nozzle 105 employs a Laval nozzle (also known as a Laval nozzle). The front half of the nozzle tapers from large to small, converging toward a narrow throat. Beyond the narrow throat, it then widens outward toward the base of the arrow. High-pressure gas within the arrow body flows into the front half of nozzle 105, passes through the narrow throat, and escapes through the rear half. This structure allows the airflow velocity to vary with the cross-sectional area of ​​the nozzle, accelerating the airflow from subsonic to sonic, and ultimately to supersonic speeds.

[0046] One design for nozzle 105 is a 1.5mm diameter at its narrowest point (throat). The nozzle outlet has a 3mm diameter (flared end), a total length of 96mm, and a 10mm flared section. The throat diameter can range from 1 to 3mm, and the outlet diameter can range from 2 to 6mm, with the outlet diameter being approximately twice the throat diameter.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the narrowest part of the nozzle 105 is 1.5 mm (the diameter of the throat 1051), the diameter of the nozzle 105 outlet is 3 mm (the expansion end), the total length is 96 mm, the expansion section 1053 is 10 mm long, and the contraction section 1052 is 86 mm long.

[0048] In the present invention, the air pressure regulating valve of the air supply pipe 13 regulates the inlet pressure of the nozzle 105 to be adjustable to 0~5MPa.

[0049] In the present invention, at least one of the pair of nozzles 105 is a movable nozzle, and the position and / or angle of the movable nozzle are adjustable. Optionally, both nozzles 105 in the pair of nozzles 105 are movable nozzles, and their positions and / or angles are adjustable. The term "position" here primarily refers to the relative position of the pair of nozzles 105, that is, the distance between them. The nozzles 105 can be fixed to a displacement device, such as a telescopic device. Furthermore, the movable nozzles can be mounted on a rotation displacement device, i.e., a device comprising a rotation module 103 and a displacement module 101, with the movable nozzle mounted on the rotation module 103, which is fixed to the displacement module 101. The displacement module 101 includes a guide rail 102 that supports the horizontal movement of the rotation module 103. The angle of the rotation module 103 can be adjusted manually or controlled by a stepper motor or servo motor, while the movement of the displacement module 101 can be controlled manually or by a stepper motor or servo motor. This allows adjustment of the angle and position of the nozzles 105. The distance between the nozzles 105 can be preset between 11 cm and 5 cm. The two nozzles 105 are horizontally opposed, or the two are at an angle of, for example, 0 to 15 degrees in the vertical plane and the horizontal direction, specifically, 0 degrees, 0.5 degrees, 1 degrees, 2 degrees, 3 degrees, 5 degrees, 8 degrees, 10 degrees, 13 degrees, and 15 degrees. By adjusting the distance and / or the angle, the materials are allowed to collide at the maximum relative speed as much as possible. The collision position at the maximum relative speed is referred to as the collision focus. The collision effect will be more ideal if the collision is carried out at this position. Of course, it is also possible to collide outside the collision focus. In order to simplify and reduce complexity, the movable nozzle can also be installed only on the displacement device 102, and the two can be horizontally opposed.

[0050] The top of the collision chamber 108 has a discharge port. After collision in the collision chamber 108, the material rises with the airflow and is then connected to the closed-circuit classification device 2 through the discharge pipe 5. A sampling port 9 and an observation window 8 can be installed at the end of the pipe near the airflow collision device 1 to monitor the material's condition after the collision in real time. An LED light or laser light, for example, can also be installed laterally at the observation window 8 to observe the particles after the collision using the Tyndall effect.

[0051] In addition, a particle size sensor, such as a particle size sensor with an accuracy of PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10, PM50 and PM100, can be installed at the pipeline to analyze the particle size of the material after the collision. Sensors with other accuracy can also be set as needed.

[0052] Wherein, the closed-loop circulation classification device 2 is connected to the discharge port of the airflow collision device 1 through the discharge pipe 5. Specifically, one embodiment of the present invention is that the closed-loop circulation classification device 2 includes a sedimentation bin 201, and the sedimentation bin 201 is connected to the discharge port of the airflow collision device 1 through the discharge pipe 5, and the bottom of the sedimentation bin 201 is connected to the feeding pipe 14 through the circulation pipe 202. Here, the discharge pipe 5 is preferably connected to the top of the sedimentation bin 201. The sedimentation bin 201 is also connected to the receiving device 3 through a recovery pipe. The recovery pipe is preferably connected to the top of the sedimentation bin 201.

[0053] The receiving device 3 includes a receiving bin 301, the top of which is connected to the receiving pipe 6. The receiving device 3 is in a decompressed state. This creates a pressure differential between the receiving bin 301 and the deposition bin 201. By controlling this pressure differential, the target particles are separated by airflow and enter the receiving bin 301. The bottom of the receiving bin 301 is funnel-shaped, with a receiving valve 302 at the outlet.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, a pressure reducing valve may be provided on the wall of the receiving bin 301 to discharge gas, thereby placing the receiving bin 301 in a reduced pressure state. A filter may also be provided before the pressure reducing valve to prevent material from escaping.

[0055] In another embodiment of the present invention, the walls of the receiving bin 301 are constructed of a bag structure that also functions as a filter. In this case, a pressure relief valve is not required on the walls of the receiving bin 301, and gas can be discharged directly from the bag. Of course, a pressure relief device can also be added to the outside of the receiving device 3, which facilitates maintaining a reduced pressure in the receiving device 3. For example, the receiving device 3 can be installed entirely in a reduced-pressure room.

[0056] In another embodiment of the present invention, a pressure-reducing valve may be installed on the wall of the sedimentation bin 201 of the closed-circuit cyclic classification device 2 to discharge gas. A filter may also be installed before the pressure-reducing valve to prevent material from escaping. Furthermore, the wall of the sedimentation bin 201 may be configured as a bag structure, also serving as a filter. Of course, a pressure-reducing device may also be added to the exterior of the closed-circuit cyclic classification device 2, which facilitates maintaining a reduced pressure state within the closed-circuit cyclic classification device 2. For example, the closed-circuit cyclic classification device 2 may be installed entirely in a reduced-pressure room. Furthermore, the material receiving device 3 and the closed-circuit cyclic classification device 2 may be installed together in a reduced-pressure room. In this case, the pressure difference between the material receiving bin 301 and the sedimentation bin 201 can be controlled by the exhaust speed of the two. The exhaust speed can be controlled by adjusting the number and opening of the exhaust structures / devices in the material receiving bin 301 and the sedimentation bin 201. Furthermore, when the material receiving bin 301 and the sedimentation bin 201 are bag structures, the exhaust speed, and thus the pressure difference, can be controlled by adjusting the surface area of ​​the bags.

[0057] In the present application, the pressure reducing valve can further comprise an exhaust pump or a vacuum pump, which is beneficial to the negative pressure state of the collecting device 3.

[0058] In the present application, the pressure reducing state refers to a state in which air can be exhausted and air pressure can be reduced (or maintained or not continuously increased), and the pressure in the equipment will not continuously increase due to the air released by the air flow collision device 1.

[0059] In an embodiment of the present application, the collecting pipeline 6 has a collecting pipeline valve 7, the opening of which can be adjusted, so that by adjusting the opening of the valve, the pressure difference between the collecting bin 301 and the deposition bin 201 can be adjusted. Of course, the pressure difference between the collecting bin 301 and the deposition bin 201 can also be adjusted by the opening of the valve at the exhaust port.

[0060] Further, the deposition bin 201 and the collecting bin 301 each have an air pressure sensor for obtaining the pressure of the two bins in real time, and obtaining the pressure difference between the two bins.

[0061] Further, the collecting pipeline 6 also has a particle size sensor. The particle size sensor can be installed at the inlet or outlet of the collecting pipeline 6. The accuracy of the sensor is, for example, PM1, PM2.5, PM5, and PM10, etc. The purpose of setting the particle size sensor here is that for materials with unknown sorting conditions, the change of the particle size of the materials can be observed by gradually increasing the pressure difference, and when the average particle size reaches the target particle size, the current pressure difference can be maintained, so as to sort the materials with the target particle size.

[0062] In the present application, the device further comprises a controller. The controller is electrically connected or communicatively connected with various sensors, valves, adjustable devices, etc. in the device. It is used for: 1. The controller controls the opening of the collecting pipeline valve 7 on the collecting pipeline 6 to control the pressure difference between the collecting bin 301 and the deposition bin 201, so that the average particle size of the particles entering the collecting pipeline 6 reaches a predetermined particle size. Or as described above, for materials with unknown sorting conditions, the change of the particle size of the materials can be observed by gradually increasing the pressure difference, and when the average particle size reaches the target particle size, the current pressure difference can be maintained, so as to sort the materials with the target particle size.

[0063] 2. The controller controls the number of air flow collision cycles and the distance between the nozzles 105 according to a predetermined program. In addition, in addition to adjusting the distance, preset adjustments including the air supply pressure, the angle of the nozzle 105, the gas cooling temperature, etc. at a certain number of cycles can also be made.

[0064] 3. The controller adjusts the distance between nozzles 105 based on changes in the particle size of the material at the outlet of the airflow collision device 1. This ensures that the material collides at or near the collision focal point during each cycle. In addition to adjusting the distance, other adjustments can also be made to the air supply pressure, the angle of the nozzles 105, and the gas cooling temperature.

[0065] In the present invention, the controller also controls the air pressure of the pressure regulating valve and the air pressure of the deposition chamber 201, so that the nozzle 105 can generate a stable supersonic jet when ejecting. That is, the ambient pressure Pa outside the outlet section is controlled to be equal to or slightly less than the gas pressure Pe on the nozzle outlet section. Of course, it is also possible to only control the air pressure of the pressure regulating valve so that the ambient pressure Pa is equal to or slightly less than the gas pressure Pe on the nozzle outlet section. In application, the pressure of the pressure regulating valve can also be adjusted by observing whether the jet is stable. If a shock wave or an expansion wave is generated, it is necessary to adjust the input pressure of the pressure nozzle in time. When an expansion wave occurs, the total inlet pressure is reduced, and when a shock wave occurs, the total inlet pressure is increased. That is, by adjusting the input pressure, the nozzle is in the optimal expansion state when ejecting the fluid.

[0066] In the present invention, the equipment also includes an anti-static device. Due to factors such as equipment operation and material friction, materials and equipment, including pipelines, are prone to carrying static electricity, causing materials to easily adhere to the pipelines, resulting in material loss or reduced system efficiency. The anti-static device can eliminate the effects of static electricity to a certain extent. In addition, static electricity can be eliminated by grounding the equipment. The grounding device should be buried deep underground and have a low resistance, for example, less than 1 ohm, which is conducive to eliminating static electricity.

[0067] In the present invention, for materials whose relevant conditions are known through preliminary experiments, relevant parameters can be manually set or various valves and the number of material collision cycles can be manually controlled, including the intake air pressure, cooling temperature, feed rate, the distance between nozzles 105, and the opening of each valve. The relevant parameters for the material can also be preset into the system to perform the crushing of the material.

[0068] In the present invention, each device can be disassembled, especially the connecting pipes, valves, etc. adopt a quick-install structure, which is convenient for assembly, cleaning and maintenance of the equipment.

[0069] The overall goal of the present invention is to crush the initial material of about 100 mesh to about 1250-10000 mesh, with a particle size of about 1-10 microns. Existing equipment does not have this capability and is less efficient.

[0070] The present invention is optimized in many aspects, including: 1. The present invention has a gas cooling device 4, which cools the high-pressure gas so that the collision can be carried out in a low-temperature environment. The low temperature here refers to within 0°C. For different materials, the temperature of the high-pressure gas used for the collision can be set to, for example, within -30°C. The initial material itself is cooled and controlled to, for example, within 0°C. When the material collides in the collision chamber 108, the temperature is lower than 0°C, for example, at -25°C. In this way, the material has a certain brittleness and is more likely to break during the collision, while increasing fluidity; 2. The distance of the nozzle 105 of the present invention is adjustable. By adjusting the distance of the nozzle 105, different materials (different particle sizes or different densities) can collide at the collision focus, thereby improving the collision efficiency; 3. Through the collision between materials, the wear of the collision chamber 108 is reduced, and the worn material is prevented from entering the material; 4. By adjusting the pressure difference between the deposition bin 201 and the receiving bin 301, the materials that meet the conditions can be separated Select the material receiving bin 301 for collection; 5. After the material of the present invention is collided by the airflow collision device 1, it is not directly refluxed and collided in the collision chamber 108, but is sorted by the closed-loop circulation grading device 2 and then returns to the airflow collision device 1 for collision when entering the next cycle. This makes the particle size of the material entering the collision chamber 108 more uniform, so that the distance between the nozzles 105 can be adjusted according to the average particle size, so that the material of this round of circulation can collide at a better position; 6. The present invention eliminates static electricity of materials and equipment through the static electricity removal device, which helps the material to move in the pipeline and helps to collect ultrafine materials.

[0071] Example 1 Low-temperature supersonic airflow colliding with ultra-micro equipment A low-temperature supersonic airflow collision ultrafine device comprises a feeding device, an airflow collision device 1, a collecting device 3, a closed-circuit circulating classification device 2, a gas cooling device 4, and an air intake device.

[0072] The feeding device is connected to the feeding pipe 106 of the airflow collision device 1 through the feeding pipe 14. A feeding valve 12 is provided between the feeding pipe 14 and the feeding device.

[0073] The air intake device provides a high-pressure air source for the airflow collision and is connected to the gas cooling device 4 via a pipeline. An air intake valve 10 is located between the air intake device and the gas cooling device 4. The gas cooling device 4 includes a cooling pipeline for cooling the gas. In this example, the gas cooling device 4 is a liquid nitrogen insulated box. The gas cooling device 4 is connected to the air intake pipe 107 of the airflow collision device 1 via an air supply pipeline 13.

[0074] The airflow collision device 1 includes a collision chamber 108 and a pair of opposing nozzles 105. The air inlet pipe and the feed pipe 106 are connected to the nozzle 105 through the nozzle connecting pipe 104 after they intersect. The air supply pipe 13 is provided with a pressure regulating valve. The nozzle 105 is a dynamic nozzle, and its position and angle are adjustable. The position here mainly refers to the relative position of the pair of nozzles 105, that is, the distance between the two. The angle is the angle with the horizontal plane. The dynamic nozzle is installed on the corner displacement device 102, that is, a device with a corner module and a displacement module, and the dynamic nozzle is installed on the corner module. By adjusting the distance and / or the angle, the materials are made to collide at the maximum relative speed as much as possible. Airflow collision device 1 Airflow collision device 1 The material is accelerated by the airflow and ejected through a pair of opposing nozzles 105 to form a supersonic jet and collide with each other in the collision chamber 108.

[0075] The top of the collision chamber 108 has a discharge port. After collision in the collision chamber 108, the material rises with the airflow and is then connected to the closed-circuit classification device 2 through the discharge pipe 5. A sampling port 9 and an observation window 8 can be installed at the end of the pipe near the airflow collision device 1 to monitor the material's condition after the collision in real time. An LED light or laser light, for example, can also be installed laterally at the observation window 8 to observe the particles after the collision using the Tyndall effect.

[0076] The nozzle 105 is a Laval nozzle, the diameter of the narrowest part of the nozzle 105 is 1.5 mm (diameter of the throat 1051), the diameter of the nozzle 105 outlet is 3 mm (expansion end), the total length is 96 mm, the length of the expansion section 1053 is 10 mm, and the length of the contraction section 1052 is 86 mm.

[0077] During use, the inlet pressure is adjusted (by regulating the pressure with a pressure regulating valve) to avoid over-expansion / under-expansion, so that the jet has no shock wave or expansion wave.

[0078] In addition, in order to facilitate observation of the jet conditions, an observation window may be provided on the side wall of the collision chamber 108 .

[0079] In addition, a sampling port 9 and an observation window 8 are provided at the discharge port of the airflow collision device 1. A first multi-channel particle size sensor with an accuracy of PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10, PM50 and PM100 is also provided at the discharge port.

[0080] The closed-circuit classification device 2 includes a deposition bin 201, the top of which is connected to the discharge port of the airflow collision device 1 through a pipeline, the bottom of which is connected to the feeding pipeline 14 through a circulation pipeline 202, and the material collecting device 3 is connected to the deposition bin 201. The bottom of the deposition bin 201 is funnel-shaped, facilitating the entry of the material into the circulation pipeline 202. The circulation pipeline 202 is provided with a circulation pipeline valve 11 with adjustable opening degree.

[0081] The material collecting device 3 includes a material collecting bin 301, the top of which is connected to the top of the deposition bin 201 through a material collecting pipeline 6. The material collecting pipeline 6 is provided with a material collecting pipeline valve 7 with adjustable opening degree. The material collecting device 3 can be in a reduced pressure state. In this example, the bin wall of the material collecting bin 301 is provided with a pressure reducing valve for discharging gas, so that the material collecting bin 301 is in a reduced pressure state. At the same time, a filter is arranged in front of the pressure reducing valve to prevent the material from escaping. The filter has a nanometer-level filter membrane. The bottom of the material collecting bin 301 is funnel-shaped and is provided with a material collecting valve 302 at the outlet.

[0082] The closed-circuit classification device 2 can be in a reduced pressure state. In this example, the bin wall of the deposition bin 201 is provided with a pressure reducing valve for discharging gas, so that the deposition bin 201 is in a reduced pressure state. At the same time, a filter is arranged in front of the pressure reducing valve to prevent the material from escaping. The filter has a nanometer-level filter membrane.

[0083] In addition, the material collecting bin 301 and the deposition bin 201 are each provided with a gas pressure sensor.

[0084] In addition, the material collecting pipeline 6 inlet is also provided with a second multi-channel particle size sensor with precision of PM1, PM2.5, PM5 and PM10.

[0085] In addition, the device in this example also includes a controller. The controller is electrically connected or communicatively connected to various sensors, valves, adjustable devices, etc. in the device, including the airflow collision device 1, the gas cooling device 4, the feeding device, the gas inlet device, the feeding valve 12, the gas inlet valve 10, the pressure regulating valve, the pressure reducing valve, the circulation pipeline 202 valve, the material collecting pipeline valve 7, the first multi-channel particle size sensor, the second multi-channel particle size sensor, the deposition bin 201 gas pressure sensor, and the material collecting bin 301 gas pressure sensor, etc.

[0086] The controller adjusts the distance between nozzles 105 based on changes in average particle size as fed back by the first multi-channel particle size sensor. For example, in the initial state, the default distance between nozzles 105 is relatively large. As the distance between nozzles 105 is gradually adjusted, the average particle size decreases and then increases again, with the distance at which the average particle size is the most suitable distance for the current material. This ensures that the materials collide at or near the collision focal point during each cycle. In addition to adjusting the distance between nozzles 105, other conditions can also be adjusted, including the pressure regulating valve (adjusted air pressure), the nozzle angle, and the insulation temperature of the gas cooling device 4, to examine changes in average particle size and select the most ideal conditions.

[0087] The controller controls the opening of the receiving pipe valve 7 on the receiving pipe to control the pressure difference between the receiving bin 301 and the deposition bin 201 so that the average particle size of the particles entering the receiving pipe 6 reaches a predetermined particle size. For materials with unknown sorting conditions, the pressure difference can be gradually increased. When the average particle size of the received material, as reported by the second multi-channel particle size sensor, reaches the target particle size, the current pressure difference can be maintained to sort the material of the target particle size.

[0088] Furthermore, the controller controls the number of airflow collision cycles and the distance between nozzles 105 at each corresponding number of cycles according to a preset program. In addition to adjusting the distance, preset adjustments can also be made to the pressure regulating valve (adjusted air pressure) at a specific number of cycles, the nozzle angle, the holding temperature of the gas cooling device 4, and other parameters.

[0089] In addition, the device also includes a static electricity removal device.

[0090] In this example, the various devices can be disassembled, especially the connecting pipes and valves, which adopt a quick-install structure, which is convenient for assembly, cleaning and maintenance of the equipment.

[0091] Take the ultra-micro processing of “Dian Gu Pi” as an example: The average particle size of the raw material of Lycium bark before ultrafine grinding is 100 mesh (pre-processed or purchased by conventional methods, passed through a 100 mesh sieve), the moisture content is controlled at 10%, the feeding speed is controlled at 5 kg per minute (feeding for 10 minutes), the nozzles are horizontally opposed, and the air flow temperature is controlled at minus 20°C.

[0092] The distance between the nozzles is adjusted based on the average particle size of the material, ensuring that the material of that particle size is accelerated by the jets and then shattered at the collision focal point. For a target average particle size of 10 μm (approximately 1250 mesh), the distance between the nozzles is set to 10 cm; for a target average particle size of 5 μm (approximately 2500 mesh), the distance between the nozzles is set to 9 cm; for a target average particle size of 2.5 μm (approximately 5714.29 mesh), the distance between the nozzles is set to 8 cm; and for a target average particle size of 1 μm (approximately 12500 mesh), the distance between the nozzles is set to 7 cm.

[0093] The following is the yield of the corresponding target particle size at different distances: The distance between the nozzles was set to 10 cm, the average particle size of the raw material after processing was 10 μm (1250 mesh), and the output was 56.5 kg / h.

[0094] The distance between the nozzles was set to 9 cm, the average particle size of the raw material after processing was 5 μm (2500 mesh), and the output was 45.3 kg / h.

[0095] The distance between the nozzles was set to 8 cm, the average particle size of the raw material after processing was 2.5 μm (5714.29 mesh), and the output was 40.4 kg / h.

[0096] The distance between the nozzles was set to 7 cm, the average particle size of the raw material after processing was 1 μm (12500 mesh), and the output was 25.2 kg / h.

[0097] Taking the target particle size as the average particle size of the processed raw material of 1μm (12500 mesh), the initial distance between the nozzles is 10cm. When the average particle size reaches 10μm (approximately 1250 mesh), the distance between the nozzles is adjusted to 9cm. When the average particle size reaches 5μm (approximately 2500 mesh), the distance between the nozzles is adjusted to 8cm. When the average particle size reaches 2.5μm (approximately 5714.29 mesh), the distance between the nozzles is adjusted to 7cm. The average particle size of the processed raw material is 1μm (approximately 12500 mesh), the moisture content of the raw material after ultrafine grinding is approximately 5%, the output is 40.5kg / h, and the total loss of raw material and moisture after ultrafine grinding is approximately 9.5%. It can be seen that by adjusting the nozzle collision distance at different particle sizes, the output can be effectively improved.

[0098] Comparison of yield at different temperatures: The overall processing of Lycium bark was the same as above, with a nozzle spacing of 9 cm. The target average particle size after processing was 5 μm (2500 mesh). Two groups were set up: a room temperature group (20°C) and a low temperature group (-20°C), with five replicates per group. The processing yields are shown in the table below.

[0099] Table 1 Target particle size yield of Lycium bark at different temperatures Group Output (Kg / h) Normal temperature group 22.3(±1.63) Low temperature group 45.4(±0.76)** As shown in Table 1, the target particle size yield of the low-temperature group was significantly higher than that of the normal-temperature group (** indicates extremely significant, p<0.01), indicating that the low-temperature structure of the present invention helps improve production efficiency.

Claims

1. A low-temperature supersonic airflow collision ultramicro device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a feeding device, an air flow collision device, a closed-loop circulation classifying device, a material collecting device, a gas cooling device and an air intake device, wherein the air intake device is used to provide a high-pressure gas source, and the air intake device is connected to the gas cooling device through a pipeline; the gas cooling device is used to cool the gas to a predetermined low temperature, and is connected to the air intake pipe of the air flow collision device through an air supply pipeline; the feeding device is connected to the feed pipe of the air flow collision device through a supply pipeline; the air flow collision device comprises a collision chamber and at least one pair of opposing nozzles, the distance between the pair of opposing nozzles is adjustable, the air intake pipe and the feed pipe of the air flow collision device are connected to the nozzle after intersection, and the high-pressure gas ejected through the nozzle can form a supersonic jet, driving the materials to collide with each other in the collision chamber; the closed-loop circulation classifying device is connected to the discharge port of the air flow collision device through a discharge pipeline, and the closed-loop circulation classifying device is respectively connected to the collecting device and the air flow collision device through a material collecting pipeline and a circulation pipeline.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein At least one of the pair of nozzles is a dynamic nozzle, and the position and / or angle of the dynamic nozzle is adjustable.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The movable nozzle is connected to a displacement device or an angular displacement device.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein The material receiving device or the material receiving device and the closed-circuit circulating classification device have an exhaust structure or an exhaust device.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that An air pressure difference can be formed between the material receiving device and the closed-circuit circulation classification device.

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein The material receiving device includes a material receiving bin, and the closed-circuit circulating classification device has a sedimentation bin, and the material receiving bin is connected to the sedimentation bin through a material receiving pipe.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The material receiving pipeline is provided with a material receiving pipeline valve with adjustable opening.

8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that There are air pressure sensors in both the material receiving bin and the deposition bin.

9. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The top of the material receiving bin is connected to the top of the deposition bin through a material receiving pipe.

10. The device according to claim 1, wherein The circulation pipeline is provided with a circulation pipeline valve.

11. The device according to claim 1, wherein A pressure regulating valve is provided on the air supply pipeline.

12. The device according to claim 1, wherein A sampling port is provided at the discharge port of the airflow collision device.

13. The device according to claim 1, wherein An observation window is provided at the discharge port of the airflow collision device.

14. The device according to claim 1, wherein A particle size sensor is provided at the discharge port of the airflow collision device.

15. The device according to claim 6, wherein The receiving pipe is provided with a particle size sensor.

16. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that: The device also includes a controller.

17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that The controller controls the opening of the material receiving pipeline valve to maintain a predetermined pressure difference between the material receiving bin and the deposition bin; and / or the controller controls the air pressure of the material receiving device and the closed-loop circulation classification device to maintain a predetermined pressure difference between the material receiving bin and the deposition bin.

18. The device according to claim 16, wherein The controller controls the pressure difference between the receiving bin and the sedimentation bin so that the average particle size of the particles entering the receiving pipe reaches a predetermined particle size.

19. The device according to claim 16, wherein The controller adjusts the distance between the nozzles according to the real-time change of the particle size of the material at the discharge port of the airflow collision device.

20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein The controller controls the distance between the nozzles so that the materials collide at a collision focus.

21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein: The controller controls one or more of the feeding speed of the feeding device, the number of airflow collision cycles, the insulation temperature of the gas cooling device, the pressure regulating air pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the distance and / or angle between the nozzles, the opening and closing of the circulation pipeline valve, and the pressure difference between the receiving bin and the deposition bin according to a preset program.

22. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein The device also includes a static electricity removal device.

23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that The static electricity removal device is an electrostatic grounding device, and its resistance value is less than 1 ohm.

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