Gas-material separation throwing cylinder of silage maize harvester

Abstract

The invention discloses a gas-material separation throwing cylinder of a silage maize harvester, which belongs to the technical field of silage maize harvesters and comprises a throwing cylinder body. A pair of inward bent flow guide arc-shaped plates is arranged in the throwing cylinder body and close to the inlet of the throwing cylinder body; a plurality of hydraulic adjusting rods are arranged between the flow guide arc-shaped plate and the inner wall of the throwing cylinder body; in the drooping section of the throwing cylinder body, the tail ends of the pair of flow guide arc-shaped plates are in butt joint with a guide hopper; the lower end of the guide hopper is connected with the biconical gas-material separator through a gas-material pipeline; the tail end of an airflow channel at the top end of the gas-material separator extends out of the side wall of the throwing cylinder body, and the lower end of the airflow channel is close to an outlet at the lower end of the throwing cylinder body; the biconical gas-material separator comprises a middle straight cylinder part and two conical cylinder parts, wherein the large ends of the two conical cylinder parts are connected with the two ends of the straight cylinder part. According to the device, clamping of airflow is reduced, noise and raised dust are reduced when straw materials are thrown out, the situation that the straw materials are discharged in an excessively dispersed mode is avoided, and collection of the materials is greatly facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of silage machines, in particular to an air-material separation and throwing cylinder for a silage machine. Background Art

[0002] Currently, small, self-propelled silage machines are commonly used for processing crop straw and preparing silage for livestock farmers. However, due to structural design issues, when pulverizing straw, these machines often eject the pulverized material from the barrel along with a high-speed airflow, causing the straw to fly in all directions due to centrifugal force and aerodynamics. The resulting problems are: first, high noise (due to high-frequency noise generated by the coupled vortex disturbances between the material and the airflow), environmental pollution (splashing straw particles pollute the surrounding environment), and health hazards (the barrel is accompanied by a large amount of dust); second, they require more space and have poor adaptability; third, the straw must be collected again after it falls to the ground, increasing the workload and reducing efficiency; fourth, if a silo is used, the silage must be loaded quickly and compacted. Once loading begins, the pit should be filled and compacted as quickly as possible to prevent the raw materials from spoiling before the pit is filled and sealed. If overly dispersed straw is directly input into the pit, it will be difficult to compact it, which will reduce the efficiency of straw entering the pit and easily lead to silage failure. At the same time, operators in the pit need to work continuously under harsh environmental conditions, which is labor-intensive. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the background technology, the present invention provides a silage machine air-material separation throwing cylinder, the purpose of which is to enable traditional throwing machines to achieve a large separation of high-speed airflow and material for the straw crushed by the silage machine, thereby making material collection more direct and simple, reducing material dust, and improving the working environment.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a silage machine air-material separation and throwing cylinder, comprising a throwing cylinder body with an arc-shaped arc top facing upward; a pair of inward-curved guide arc plates are provided in the throwing cylinder body near its inlet; a plurality of hydraulic adjustment rods are provided between the guide arc plates and the inner wall of the throwing cylinder body, for adjusting the bending degree of the guide arc plates by telescoping the hydraulic adjustment rods; inside the downward section of the throwing cylinder body, the ends of a pair of the guide arc plates are docked with the feed hopper; the lower end of the feed hopper is connected to a double-conical air-material separator through an air-material pipeline; the end of the air flow channel at the top of the air-material separator extends out of the side wall of the throwing cylinder body, and its lower end is close to the outlet at the lower end of the throwing cylinder body; the double-conical air-material separator comprises a middle straight cylinder part and two conical cylinder parts with a large end connected to the two ends of the straight cylinder part; the small end of the upper conical cylinder part is connected to the air-material pipeline.

[0005] The working principle includes that the gas-material mixture can be blocked when passing through the narrow part of the pair of guide arc plates, thereby controlling the speed of the gas-material mixture. When the gas-material mixture enters the double-cone gas-material separator and passes through the gradually expanding cone cylinder part and straight cylinder part, the impact speed of the gas flow is gradually slowed down, the solid material falls into the lower cone cylinder part, and the gas flow is discharged from the upper gas flow channel, thereby achieving the effect of solid-gas separation. The straw material discharged from the outlet at the lower end of the throwing cylinder body lacks the clamping of the gas flow, reduces the noise and dust, avoids the excessive dispersion of the straw material, and greatly facilitates the collection of the material.

[0006] As further optimization, a helical drainage groove is arranged on the inner wall of the small end of the upper cone cylinder part, and a helical guide groove is arranged on the inner wall of the straight cylinder part; the end of the gas-material pipeline is communicated on the side wall of the cone cylinder part with the drainage groove.

[0007] As further optimization, one end of the guide arc plate is inserted into the material guiding hopper, and the other end is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the throwing cylinder body. When the hydraulic adjusting rod is extended or retracted, only the guide arc plate at one end of the material guiding hopper is a free end, but it will not be separated from the material guiding hopper, thereby ensuring that the material enters the material guiding hopper.

[0008] As further optimization, a gas flow sensor is arranged at the end of the gas flow channel, the gas flow sensor is connected with the controller circuit of the hydraulic adjusting rod, and is used for controlling the bending degree of the guide arc plate according to the size of the gas flow obtained by the gas flow sensor. When the gas flow discharged from the gas flow channel is small, the hydraulic adjusting rod is driven to retract, the narrow section between the pair of guide arc plates is expanded, and the gas-material passing amount is increased; when the gas flow discharged from the gas flow channel is large, the hydraulic adjusting rod is driven to extend, the narrow section between the pair of guide arc plates is reduced, and the gas-material passing amount is reduced.

[0009] As further optimization, the outlet at the lower end of the throwing cylinder body is connected with a material collecting net with elasticity.

[0010] As further optimization, the material collecting net includes a mesh surface with mesh holes and a material gathering wall fixedly connected around the mesh surface, the material gathering wall is conical, the small end of the material gathering wall is connected with the mesh surface, and the large end of the material gathering wall is connected with the outlet at the lower end of the throwing cylinder body.

[0011] As further optimization, the double-cone gas-material separator is fixedly connected inside the throwing cylinder body by a fixing plate.

[0012] The advantages of the present invention are that, by adding guide arc plates, double-cone gas-material separators, and a collection net to the throwing barrel, the specific free vortex and forced vortex composite flow field formed inside the double-cone gas-material separator is utilized to greatly separate the material from the high-speed airflow, and then gather and throw the material from the collection net; the design adjusts the curvature of the guide arc plates so that the speed at which the gas enters the double-cone gas-material separator under different working conditions of the silage machine is relatively constant, thereby maintaining a high-efficiency gas-material separation effect. The throwing barrel can discharge the material without high-speed airflow when it is thrown from the throwing barrel, thereby ensuring that there is no dust during the silage working process, and also avoiding the excessive range of material throwing, which causes a certain degree of material waste. At the same time, since there is no high-speed airflow when the material is discharged, it also greatly facilitates the collection of the material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a double-conical gas-material separator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of an aggregate net according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of a hydraulic adjustment rod adjusting a guide arc plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1 is a guide arc plate, 2 is a guide hopper, 3 is an air material pipeline, 4 is an air flow channel, 5 is a guide trough, 6 is a double-conical air material separator, 7 is a guide trough, 8 is a fixed plate, 9 is a gathering net, 10 is a gathering wall, 11 is a hydraulic adjustment rod, and 100 is a throwing cylinder body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some preferred embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example; see Figure 1-4 .

[0020] The embodiment provides a silage machine air-material separation throwing cylinder, which is internally divided into a constant-flow air-material guide area, an air-material separation area and a material collecting area. The constant-flow air-material guide area is used for receiving chopped material of the silage machine through an inlet, and an outlet of the constant-flow air-material guide area is connected with an air-material pipeline 3 of the air-material separation area. The constant-flow air-material guide area is internally provided with an adjustable guide arc-shaped plate 1, so that the speed of air-material entering the air-material pipeline 3 is relatively constant.

[0021] The air-material separation area comprises a material guiding hopper 2, the air-material pipeline 3, an air flow channel 4 and a double-cone air-material separator 6.

[0022] The material guiding hopper 2 is used for concentrating air-material into the air-material pipeline 3; the air-material pipeline 3 is used for introducing high-speed air-material from the top side into the double-cone air-material separator 6; and the double-cone air-material separator 6 is used for separating high-speed air flow from material and discharging the air flow and the material respectively.

[0023] The material collecting area is internally provided with a material collecting net 9 and a material collecting wall 10, and is used for concentrating and throwing material.

[0024] The arc-shaped guide plate is not limited in size, and the guide plate changes the arc through external tension, so that the air-material composed of straw and air flow maintains constant speed of entering the material guiding hopper 2 under different working conditions of the silage machine.

[0025] The feed hopper 2 gathers the gas material, and further introduces the gas material into the double-cone gas separator 6 from the top side of the double-cone gas separator 6 in a high-speed fluid state through the gas pipe 3. Under the guidance of the drainage groove 5, the high-speed gas material is combined with the feed hopper 2 and the drainage groove 5 to accurately control the initial flow rate and swirl intensity of the gas material entering the double-cone gas separator 6, and a forced vortex is formed inside the double-cone gas separator 6. The forced vortex causes the material to migrate downward along the wall. At the same time, the guide groove 7 gradually weakens the vortex, so that the double-cone gas separator 6 The vortex converges and forms a free vortex flow field in the lower cone of the double-cone gas separator 6, further forming a "forced vortex + free vortex" composite flow field inside the double-cone gas separator 6. The design of the double-cone gas separator 6 helps to adjust the overall internal flow field distribution, allowing the axial velocity component of the airflow at the bottom of the vortex field to be upward (suppressing excessive sinking and clogging of particles). By matching the structural parameters of the double-cone gas separator 6 (such as taper and length) with the airflow parameters (flow rate and flow rate), a pressure gradient is formed from the wall area where the material is enriched to the opening. After the material migrates to the wall due to centrifugal force, it slides down along the wall. The local micro-positive pressure gradient is used to push the material toward the outlet. At this time, the centrifugal force generated by the vortex flow field continues to act on the material, causing it to migrate to the wall and slide down along the wall. The micro-positive pressure pushes the particles toward the outlet, forming a continuous feeding mode of "centrifugal migration + pressure push", which reduces particle accumulation. At the same time, the airflow of the lower cone discharge pipe and the micro-positive pressure airflow circulation at the bottom can disturb the agglomeration of particles and prevent agglomeration and clogging. Because the biconical gas separator 6 only significantly weakens the airflow, the lower conical discharge pipe partially converges and swirls, causing the internal flow rate to remain higher than the surrounding air outside the outlet. According to Bernoulli's principle, the pressure in the high-speed airflow area is lower than that in the surrounding area. Based on the law of conservation of momentum, the high-speed airflow will entrain and drive the surrounding low-speed gas flow, forming an "injection and suction" effect - "pulling" part of the airflow at the bottom of the biconical gas separator 6 toward the output pipe, thereby changing the pressure distribution at the bottom. To further reduce the blockage problem, it can be understood that the injection effect uses the high-speed airflow in the output pipe as a "power source" to actively intervene in the pressure and airflow direction at the bottom of the biconical gas separator 6, making separation and discharge smoother. The core is to exchange the "kinetic energy" of the airflow for "pressure field regulation."

[0026] The gathering wall 10 makes the material fall into the elastic gathering net 9 through a certain arc. The gathering net 9 can make the material fall in a specific area. The residual airflow drives the gathering net 9 to vibrate slightly, which helps to throw the material out and avoid blockage.

[0027] The air flow channel 4 discharges the high-speed air flow separated by the double-conical gas-material separator 6; more preferably, the high-speed air flow is used as a parameter source, and the air flow sensor is arranged at the outlet of the air flow channel 4 to measure the air flow. According to the air flow speed, a number of hydraulic adjustment rods 11 are used to further adjust the bending shape of the guide arc plate 1, thereby adjusting the gas-material speed, so that the vortex inside the double-conical gas-material separator 6 maintains a high separation efficiency.

[0028] The advantage of this embodiment is that by adding a guide arc plate 1, a double-conical gas separator 6, a collection net 9 and other components to the throwing barrel, the material is separated from the high-speed airflow to a large extent by utilizing the specific free vortex and forced vortex composite flow field formed inside the double-conical gas separator 6, and then the material is gathered and thrown out from the collection net 9; this design adjusts the curvature of the guide arc plate 1 so that the speed at which the gas enters the double-conical gas separator 6 under different working conditions of the silage machine is relatively constant, thereby maintaining a high-efficiency gas-material separation effect. The throwing barrel can make the material be discharged without high-speed airflow when it is thrown from the throwing barrel, thereby ensuring that there is no dust during the silage working process, and also avoiding the excessive range of material throwing, which causes a certain degree of material waste. At the same time, since there is no high-speed airflow when the material is discharged, it also greatly facilitates the collection of materials.

[0029] The parts not described in detail in this invention are prior art. For those skilled in the art, the technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. To simplify the description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A silo air-material separation and throwing cylinder, comprising an arc-shaped throwing cylinder body (100) with the top of the arc facing upward; characterized in that: A pair of inwardly curved guide arc plates (1) are provided in the ejection cylinder body (100) near its entrance; a plurality of hydraulic adjustment rods (11) are provided between the guide arc plates (1) and the inner wall of the ejection cylinder body (100) for adjusting the degree of curvature of the guide arc plates (1) by extending and retracting the hydraulic adjustment rods (11); Inside the downward section of the throwing cylinder body (100), the ends of a pair of guide arc plates (1) are docked with the guide hopper (2); the lower end of the guide hopper (2) is connected to the double-cone gas-material separator (6) through the gas pipeline (3); the end of the air flow channel (4) at the top of the double-cone gas-material separator (6) extends out of the side wall of the throwing cylinder body (100), and its lower end is close to the outlet at the lower end of the throwing cylinder body (100); The double-conical gas-material separator (6) comprises a middle straight cylinder portion (61) and two conical cylinder portions (62) whose large ends are connected to both ends of the straight cylinder portion (61); the small end of the upper conical cylinder portion (62) is connected to the gas-material pipeline (3).

2. The silo air-material separation and throwing drum according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spiral drainage groove (5) is provided on the inner wall of the small end of the upper conical cylinder portion (62), and a spiral guide groove (7) is provided on the inner wall of the straight cylinder portion (61); the end of the gas pipeline (3) is connected to the side wall of the conical cylinder portion (62) having the drainage groove (5).

3. The silo air-material separation and throwing drum according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the guide arc plate (1) is inserted into the interior of the material guide hopper (2), and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the throwing cylinder body (100).

4. The silage machine air-material separation and throwing drum according to claim 1, characterized in that: An airflow sensor is provided at the end of the airflow channel (4), and the airflow sensor is connected to the controller circuit of the hydraulic adjustment rod (11) and is used to control the bending degree of the guide arc plate (1) according to the airflow size obtained by the airflow sensor.

5. The silo air-material separation and throwing drum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet at the lower end of the throwing cylinder body (100) is connected to an elastic material collecting net (9).

6. The silo air-material separation and throwing drum according to claim 5, characterized in that: The material collecting net (9) comprises a mesh surface with mesh holes and a material collecting wall (10) fixedly connected to the four edges of the mesh surface. The material collecting wall (10) is conical, with its small end connected to the mesh surface and its large end connected to the outlet at the lower end of the throwing cylinder body (100).

7. The silo air-material separation and throwing drum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-conical gas-material separator (6) is fixedly connected to the interior of the throwing cylinder body (100) via a fixing plate (8).

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