Storage battery monitoring, detection, treatment and evaluation integrated system and storage battery management method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of storage batteries, in particular to a storage battery monitoring, detection, treatment and evaluation integrated system and a storage battery management method, and the system comprises a plurality of accompanying modules, a collection power distribution control module, a storage battery management capacity checking host and a remote platform; the internal resistance analysis test of the system is based on multi-frequency-point alternating current excitation (0.5 Hz-7. 5kHz), a complex impedance spectrum of not less than 20 frequency points can be constructed, and the internal polarization characteristics of the battery are analyzed; the system adopts a feed network type discharge capacity checking, so that discharge electric energy is fed back to a power grid, and the capacity detection precision is improved to 98%; according to the system, EIS data and an LSTM neural network are fused, and a battery state of health (SOH) prediction model is established; the system is based on a DSP digital power supply technology, and can realize 50A active equalization topology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular to a battery monitoring, detection, management and evaluation integrated system and a battery management method. Background Art

[0002] Batteries, especially lead-acid batteries, are widely used in critical infrastructure such as communication base stations, DC power panels, rail transit, and data centers. As the scale and depth of these applications expand, issues such as battery operational safety, performance stability, and full lifecycle management are becoming increasingly prominent.

[0003] While traditional battery management systems (BMS) have achieved relatively mature applications in the lithium-ion battery sector, they still face significant shortcomings in adaptability, intelligence, and system integration for lead-acid batteries. In particular, lead-acid batteries still dominate energy storage systems, but their management still relies primarily on periodic manual inspections and basic parameter monitoring, making it difficult to meet the high-reliability, high-precision, and long-term management requirements of current smart grids and new energy storage technologies.

[0004] Existing technologies primarily rely on battery management systems (BMS) to monitor parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature. However, most of these BMS systems only offer basic alarm and data collection capabilities, making them unable to accurately diagnose, evaluate, and effectively manage internal battery faults (such as increased internal resistance, capacity decay, and cell imbalance). Long-term data analysis and trend forecasting are even more challenging. Furthermore, most battery testing equipment currently available on the market is single-function, such as internal resistance meters, capacity testers, and balancing and management equipment. These devices lack a systematic approach, making maintenance highly reliant on manual experience, resulting in low efficiency and high risk. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above problems, the present invention provides an integrated system and complete set of equipment for battery monitoring, detection, management and evaluation to solve the problems existing in the prior art, such as single battery monitoring parameters, large detection errors, inaccurate life assessment, extensive fault management methods, and isolated and dispersed systems, and to achieve intelligent perception, accurate diagnosis, efficient management and scientific evaluation of the battery's entire life cycle status.

[0006] To achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution of this application is: An integrated battery monitoring, detection, management and evaluation system, including several accompanying modules, a centralized power distribution control module and a battery management core capacity host; Each of the accompanying modules is connected in parallel to each battery cell of the battery pack, for collecting and managing parameter information of the battery cell, the parameter information at least including voltage, temperature and impedance test data, and performing active balancing treatment on the battery cell; the collection power distribution control module is used for powering the accompanying modules, and serves as a communication bridge between the accompanying modules and the battery management core host, receives battery cell information collected by the accompanying modules and forwards the battery cell information to the battery management core host, and displays the received battery cell parameter information in real time, receives management strategy instructions issued by the battery management core host and forwards the management strategy instructions to the accompanying modules for execution; the battery management core host is a system core control unit, for monitoring group terminal parameter information of the battery pack, the group terminal parameter information at least including group terminal voltage and group terminal current, monitoring system running state and system abnormal protection, the battery management core host is also used for performing charge-discharge capacity management on the battery pack, at least including capacity calibration and charge-discharge test, and being capable of performing data processing analysis based on capacity test data, monitoring data and received data, and performing battery pack abnormal diagnosis, SOH evaluation, SOC evaluation, formulating system management strategy and issuing the strategy based on processing analysis results.

[0007] As a preference, the accompanying module comprises a DC / DC converter, a communication control unit, a first CPU processing unit and a collection unit; the DC / DC converter is used for responding to instructions of the communication control unit to control terminal voltage of the battery cell in the battery pack and bypass shunt, so as to realize balancing treatment; the communication control unit is used for receiving adjustment signals of the first CPU processing unit to control switching action of the DC / DC converter and then control terminal voltage of the battery cell and bypass shunt, and is used for communicating with the collection power distribution control module; the first CPU processing unit is used for reading information collected by the collection unit, and is used for storing, processing analyzing and managing parameter information of the battery cell, and is used for communicating with the collection power distribution control module through the communication control unit; the collection unit is used for collecting voltage, temperature parameter and impedance test data of the battery cell.

[0008] As an improvement, the accompanying module further comprises a first protection unit, the first protection unit is used for processing abnormal conditions of the accompanying module, the abnormal conditions at least including over-temperature and over-current of the module itself.

[0009] Preferably, the aggregated power distribution control module includes a display unit, a communication unit, a second CPU processing unit, a converter and a power distribution control unit; the display unit is used to display the real-time parameter information of the battery cells of the battery pack; the communication unit is used to communicate between the aggregated power distribution control module and the companion module and the battery management core capacity host; the second CPU processing unit is used to receive the battery cell parameter information sent by the companion module and forward it to the battery management core capacity host after summarizing it, and send the received battery cell parameter information to the display unit for display, and is also used to control the power distribution control unit; the converter is used for power conversion, and supplies power to the DC / DC converter of the companion module through the power distribution control unit; the power distribution control unit is used to control the DC power supply of the DC / DC converter in the companion module.

[0010] As an improvement, the centralized power distribution control module further includes a second protection unit, which is used to handle abnormal conditions of the centralized power distribution control module, wherein the abnormal conditions include at least overcurrent of the module itself and abnormal current input to the accompanying module.

[0011] Preferably, the battery management core capacity host includes a bidirectional converter unit, a centralized control unit, an incoming line connection unit, a feed protection unit and an interface unit; the bidirectional converter unit is used to execute the charge and discharge core capacity instructions. When the system needs to charge the battery pack, the mains energy is converted into DC output to charge the battery pack through the converter; when the system needs to discharge the battery pack, the battery energy is converted into AC feedback to the power grid through the converter; the centralized control unit is used to comprehensively manage the operating status of the entire system, including at least battery pack charge and discharge test control, system operating status parameter monitoring and system abnormality protection, battery pack group end parameter information monitoring, receiving accompanying module collection The battery cell parameter information is collected and processed and analyzed based on the core capacity test data, monitoring data and received data. The analysis includes at least abnormality diagnosis, SOH evaluation, SOC evaluation and fault analysis, as well as issuing system warnings, generating and issuing balancing management strategies based on the analysis results, and being able to display data, analysis results and strategies; the incoming line communication unit is used to communicate with the centralized control unit to control the connection between the battery pack, the bidirectional converter and the DC bus; the feeding protection unit is used to connect the mains input and the bidirectional converter unit, and immediately disconnect the loop when abnormal feeding occurs to prevent system damage; the interface unit is used for access to the battery pack, the DC bus and the mains input.

[0012] As an improvement, it also includes a remote platform, which is used to perform unified remote management of battery groups, centralized power distribution control modules and battery management core capacity hosts. The remote management includes at least equipment monitoring, data analysis and display, health prediction and policy issuance, and maintenance scheduling.

[0013] As an improvement, the battery management nuclear container host further comprises a bus tie unit connected between two sections of DC bus, which can be controlled by a remote platform or the nuclear container host to realize the connection and disconnection of the two sections of DC bus.

[0014] The application also provides a battery management method based on the above system, specifically comprising: Real-time monitoring stage: Each battery monomer is connected in parallel with a companion module that collects voltage, temperature, and impedance test data of the battery monomer and sends them to the collection and power distribution control module; The collection and power distribution control module aggregates the received data and forwards them to the battery management nuclear container host; State recognition and health assessment stage: The battery management nuclear container host performs real-time evaluation of SOC and SOH based on the ampere-hour integration method and the temperature compensation algorithm; A battery aging trend curve is generated through an electrochemical impedance spectrum constructed based on impedance test data; The evaluation and detection results include at least voltage consistency judgment, internal resistance degradation trend identification, and EIS characteristic shift detection; Decay prediction and risk identification stage: The remote platform constructs a digital twin model corresponding to each group of battery packs and each battery monomer, and simultaneously identifies degraded battery monomers based on the LSTM-AEKF health prediction model, which integrates impedance test data, historical load, and temperature data; Realize short-term high-risk monomer identification and life prediction interval estimation; Output warning level and give governance suggestions; Governance response stage: According to the identification results, the system automatically issues governance strategies, and the system automatically or manually takes scene response measures; Data backhaul and remote collaboration stage: After the governance response is completed, all key operating information, governance records, and health model results are synchronized to the remote platform; The digital twin model updates the virtual state of the battery monomer and constructs a dynamic thermal map.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the scene response measures in the governance response stage include at least: When the voltage consistency is abnormal, start large-current active balancing to quickly reduce the voltage difference; When the reversible capacity declines, initiate boost active pulse charging; When the battery monomer is open-circuited, the companion module is connected to maintain continuous power supply of the system; When there is a thermal runaway trend, trigger shutdown, alarm, and power current limiting.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Comprehensive improvement of monitoring dimensions By integrating basic parameters such as voltage, temperature, and internal resistance with deep features such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), a "complex impedance fingerprint map" of the battery is constructed to make up for the limited perception dimensions of traditional BMS.

[0017] 2. Capacity detection and accurate energy saving The use of bidirectional converters to construct a grid-fed discharge nuclear capacity system can feed the discharge energy back to the grid in real time, and the capacity detection accuracy is improved to ±2%, avoiding the energy waste problem in traditional nuclear capacity.

[0018] 3. Intelligent prediction of health assessment By introducing LSTM neural network and extended Kalman filter fusion modeling, the SOH attenuation trend is dynamically predicted based on historical data and multi-source feature parameters, supporting early warning and strategy generation.

[0019] 4. Rapid and reliable governance response Supports active current balancing up to 50A; built-in bypass relay logic can achieve cross-current flow across open-circuit single cells within 400ns, avoiding power outage of the entire group.

[0020] 5. Cloud-edge collaboration and digital twins The remote platform builds a cloud-based digital twin model to perform real-time mapping and visual rendering of the battery operating status; combined with the GIS platform, it realizes site-level centralized monitoring and policy issuance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural block diagram of the accompanying module of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a circuit diagram of the companion module of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural block diagram of the centralized power distribution control module of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the power distribution control module of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of the battery management core capacity host of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional converter unit in a battery management core host of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the busbar connection unit and the incoming line connection unit in the battery management core host of the present invention; Figure 9 is the electrochemical impedance Nyquist plot of the battery; Figure 10 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the battery.

[0022] Reference signs: 1. accompanying module, 2. collection power distribution control module, 3. battery management core capacity host, 4. remote platform, 5. DC / DC converter, 6. communication control unit, 7. first CPU processing unit, 8. acquisition unit, 9. first protection unit, 10. second protection unit, 11. display unit, 12. communication unit, 13. second CPU processing unit, 14. converter, 15. power distribution control unit, 16. bidirectional converter unit, 17. centralized control unit, 18. incoming line contact unit, 19. bus contact unit, 20. feeder protection unit, 21. interface unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In combination Figures 1 to 10 , the embodiments of the present application are described in detail, but do not limit the claims of the present application in any way.

[0024] As Figure 1 shown, a battery monitoring, detection, management and evaluation integrated system includes a plurality of accompanying modules 1, a collection power distribution control module 2, a battery management core capacity host 3 and a remote platform 4. Among them: Each of the accompanying modules 1 is connected in parallel to each battery cell of the battery pack, for collecting and managing the parameter information of the battery cell (at least including voltage, temperature and impedance test data), and actively balancing the battery cell, which can realize local abnormal management; The collection power distribution control module 2 is used to power the accompanying module, and serves as a communication bridge between the accompanying module and the battery management core capacity host, receives the battery cell information collected by the accompanying module and forwards it to the battery management core capacity host, and displays the received battery cell parameter information in real time, receives the management strategy instruction issued by the battery management core capacity host and forwards it to the accompanying module for execution, realizes hierarchical structure and standardized communication; The battery management core capacity host 3 is the core control unit of the system, which is used to monitor the group-end parameter information of the battery group (including at least the group-end voltage and group-end current), monitor the system operating status information and system abnormality protection. The battery management core capacity host is also used to perform charge and discharge core capacity management of the battery group, including capacity calibration and charge and discharge testing. It can also perform data processing and analysis based on the core capacity test data, monitoring data and received data, and perform battery group abnormality diagnosis, SOH (i.e., battery health, current maximum available capacity / maximum capacity of the battery when it is in a brand new state) assessment, SOC (i.e., battery remaining capacity, current remaining capacity / current maximum available capacity) assessment based on the processing and analysis results, formulate system management strategies and issue the strategies. In actual application, the battery management core capacity host can be connected to multiple converged distribution control modules to achieve management of multiple battery groups. Remote Platform 4 is used for unified remote management of battery packs, centralized power distribution control modules, and battery management core capacity hosts, including equipment monitoring, data analysis and display, health prediction and policy issuance, maintenance scheduling, etc. In actual application, the remote platform can centrally manage battery packs, centralized power distribution control modules, battery management core capacity hosts and other equipment at multiple sites, building an intelligent operation and maintenance system covering multiple sites.

[0025] The following is a detailed description of the various modules in the system: 1. Companion module: like Figure 2 As shown, the companion module 1 includes a DC / DC converter 5, a communication control unit 6, a first CPU processing unit 7, a collection unit 8 and a first protection unit 9; The DC / DC converter 5 is used to respond to the instructions of the communication control unit 6 to control the terminal voltage of the battery cells in the battery pack and the bypass current to achieve balancing processing; The communication control unit 6 is used to receive the adjustment signal from the first CPU processing unit 7 to control the switching action of the DC / DC converter 5 and thus control the terminal voltage and bypass current of the battery cell, and communicate with the power distribution control module 3; The first CPU processing unit 7 is used to read the information collected by the collection unit 8, and store, process and analyze the information and manage the working parameters of the battery cells, and communicate with the centralized power distribution control module 3 through the communication control unit 6; The acquisition unit 8 is used to collect parameters such as voltage, temperature, and impedance test data of the battery cell; The first protection unit 9 is used to handle abnormal conditions associated with the module 1 , including over-temperature, over-current, and the like. Other functions may also be included, such as: an alarm when the output voltage is greater than or equal to the overvoltage protection value, automatic shutdown protection when overvoltage occurs, and automatic recovery after the fault is eliminated; the undervoltage value of the module output DC voltage can be set, an alarm when the output voltage is less than or equal to the undervoltage protection value, automatic shutdown protection when undervoltage occurs, and automatic recovery after the fault is eliminated; the module should activate overload protection when the current reaches 120% of the designed rated current and last for no less than 180 seconds, and automatically or manually resume normal operation after the overload fault is eliminated. The overload protection current is 120% of the rated current (96A) and lasts for no less than 180 seconds; the module should automatically shut down when the output is short-circuited, and automatically or manually resume normal operation after the short-circuit fault is eliminated; the module will shut down for protection after 10 seconds when communication with the host is interrupted; the module input fuse is 24A, and the input current is greater than 24A, the protection device will start to disconnect the circuit; the module output fuse is 100A, and after the module fails, the battery side current is greater than 100A, the protection device will start to disconnect the circuit, and the module will be separated from the battery, etc.

[0026] like Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of an implementation scheme of the companion module 1, wherein: the DC / DC converter 5 uses an H-bridge circuit to construct a buck converter, the first CPU processing unit 7 uses a GD32 microcontroller, the communication control unit 6 uses an RS485 chip, the acquisition unit 8 uses a DNB110X chip, and U4 (power isolation chip B0505S-1WR3L), U5 (digital isolation chip π121U31), D5 (diode for reverse connection protection), and F1 fuse constitute the first protection unit 9.

[0027] 2. Collective power distribution control module: like Figure 4 As shown, the centralized power distribution control module 2 includes a second protection unit 10, a display unit 11, a communication unit 12, a second CPU processing unit 13, a converter 14 and a power distribution control unit 15; The second protection unit 10 is used for abnormal protection and handles abnormal conditions of the power distribution control module 2, including overcurrent of the module itself and abnormal current input to the companion module. The response measures include automatically disconnecting the protection device and shutting down the corresponding power supply companion module when the power supply current of the companion module is abnormal; automatically disconnecting the power supply when the input current is abnormally large, shutting down the power distribution module and the companion module; The display unit 11 is used to display the real-time parameter information of the battery cells of the battery pack; The communication unit 12 is used to aggregate the power distribution control module 2 and the accompanying module 1 and the battery management core capacity host 3 to communicate; The second CPU processing unit 13 is used to receive the battery cell parameter information sent by the accompanying module 1, summarize it, and forward it to the battery management core host 3, and send the received battery cell parameter information to the display unit 11 for display, and is also used to control the power distribution control unit 15; The converter 14 is used for power conversion and supplies energy to the DC / DC converter 5 of the companion module 1 via the power distribution control unit 15; The power distribution control unit 15 is used to control the DC power supply of the DC / DC converter 5 in the companion module 1 .

[0028] like Figure 5 As shown, it is a circuit schematic diagram of an implementation scheme of the power distribution control module 2 (the second protection unit is not shown in detail in the figure), wherein: the display unit 11 adopts a serial port screen, the communication unit 12 is constructed with an RS485 communication chip, the second CPU unit 13 adopts a GD32 microcontroller, the converter 14 adopts a DC48V-24V DC converter, and the power distribution control unit 15 adopts a DC250V-20A air switch.

[0029] 3. Battery management core capacity host: like Figure 6 As shown, the battery management core host 3 includes a bidirectional converter unit 16, a centralized control unit 17, an incoming line connection unit 18, a busbar connection unit 19, a feed protection unit 20 and an interface unit 21; The bidirectional converter unit 16 is used to execute the charge and discharge core capacity instructions. When the system needs to charge the battery pack, the mains energy is converted into DC output through the converter to charge the battery pack. When the system needs to discharge the battery pack, the battery energy is converted into AC through the converter to feed back to the grid. The centralized control unit 17 is used to comprehensively manage the operating status of the entire battery system, including at least battery pack charge and discharge test control, system operating status parameter monitoring and system abnormality protection, battery pack group end parameter information monitoring, receiving battery cell parameter information collected by the accompanying module, and processing and analyzing based on the core capacity test data, monitoring data and received data. The analysis includes at least abnormality diagnosis, SOH assessment, SOC assessment and fault analysis, as well as issuing system warnings based on the analysis results, generating and issuing balancing management strategies, and being able to display data, analysis results and strategies; the system abnormalities include at least battery pack voltage over-high, bus voltage over-high, mains power outage, abnormal discharge current, abnormal battery temperature, abnormal ambient temperature, accompanying module alarm / communication abnormality, aggregate distribution module communication abnormality, switch input node abnormality, platform communication abnormality, etc., and can automatically switch to charging or stop core capacity testing; the centralized control unit can be implemented by building a circuit with the chip GD32F450VIT6 as the core; The incoming line contact unit 18 is used to communicate with the centralized control unit to control the connection between the battery pack, the bidirectional converter unit 16 and the DC bus; ( Figure 6 The middle one is a two-way mode, with two incoming line connection units connecting two battery packs); The busbar connection unit 19 is connected between the two sections of DC busbars and can be controlled by a remote or local core capacity host to connect and disconnect the two sections of DC busbars, playing the role of connection, isolation and switching; The power feeding protection unit 20 is used to connect the mains input and the bidirectional converter unit 16, and immediately disconnect the circuit when abnormal power feeding occurs to prevent system damage; The interface unit 21 is used for access to the battery pack, DC bus and AC power input.

[0030] like Figure 7 FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an implementation scheme of a bidirectional converter unit, wherein: (1) DC side: The battery pack is connected to the DC input terminal of the inverter; The DC voltage signal is sent to the PWM modulation module to provide energy basis and control reference for power conversion.

[0031] (2) Converter: The DC bus is connected to a full-bridge inverter circuit (DC-AC bidirectional converter) composed of power devices such as IGBTs. The gates of the power devices are controlled by a drive circuit, and the drive signals come from a PWM modulation module.

[0032] (3) AC grid-connected side: The inverter output passes through an LCL filter (inductor-capacitor-inductor) to suppress harmonics before being incorporated into the three-phase grid. The voltage and current detection units are installed at the grid connection point: the voltage detection signal is sent to the PLL phase-locked loop for phase extraction, and the current detection signal is fed back to the PR regulator for closed-loop control.

[0033] (4) Control loop: The PLL module receives the grid voltage signal and outputs the real-time phase angle θ a ; θ a Combined with the set current amplitude Iamp, a current reference waveform is generated; The current reference is compared with the actual current, and the error signal is sent to the PR regulator to output the modulation signal m a (amplitude modulation coefficient), mc (phase modulation coefficient) to the PWM modulation module.

[0034] The PWM modulation module uses the SVPWM algorithm to generate drive pulses, which are then used to control the inverter switches through the drive circuit to achieve energy conversion and feedback.

[0035] The working principle of the bidirectional converter unit is: (1) Energy release and DC acquisition: During the core capacity detection process, the battery pack releases energy according to the set discharge current, and the DC energy is sent to the DC side of the converter; (2) DC-AC bidirectional conversion and synchronous grid connection: PLL phase-locked loop real-time detection of grid voltage phase θ a , ensuring that the inverter output AC signal has the same frequency and phase as the power grid; (3) Active / reactive power decoupling control: The control system adjusts the active power (P) and reactive power (Q) by adjusting the reference signal amplitude and phase, realizing PQ decoupling control and ensuring the stability of the grid voltage and frequency (control process: collecting three-phase grid voltage and current → using the phase-locked loop to obtain the grid phase θ a , perform abc - dq coordinate transformation → calculate the current active power P and reactive power Q using the dq current components → set P* (expected active power) and Q* (expected reactive power) according to the requirements → calculate the error and calculate the modulation signal m based on the error a / mc, enter PWM modulation); (4) PWM modulation and power device drive: SVPWM modulation is based on the regulator output m a / mc generates optimized pulse width modulation signals to drive the IGBT to turn on / off according to the specified timing, achieving efficient DC-AC energy conversion; (5) LCL filtering and harmonic suppression: The inverter AC output is filtered through an LCL filter to remove high-frequency switching harmonics, ensuring that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the current injected into the grid is less than 5%.

[0036] like Figure 8 The figure shows a schematic diagram of an implementation scheme of a busbar interconnection unit and an incoming line interconnection unit.

[0037] Based on the above system architecture, the following describes the implementation of the core technical functions of this system: 1. Battery monitoring based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) This system is based on the electrochemical mechanism of batteries and uses multi-frequency AC excitation technology to obtain the complex impedance of the battery at different frequencies to construct its EIS electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS). By analyzing the relationship between the impedance spectrum and key electrochemical characteristics such as battery polarization, charge transfer, and interface capacitance, a battery monitoring digital module based on a domestically produced smart chip (i.e., the acquisition unit of this system) is designed. This module can collect battery voltage, temperature, internal resistance, and complex impedance parameters at no less than 20 frequencies, effectively improving the ability to fully perceive the battery status and significantly improving the accuracy of internal resistance measurement, breaking through the limitations of traditional battery monitoring methods that monitor a single parameter and lack accuracy. The relevant process is as follows: (1) Impedance test excitation trigger: The core capacity host sends an impedance test instruction, and the module responds, controlling the high-frequency EIS acquisition module of the acquisition unit to apply a current excitation of a specific frequency to the positive and negative poles of the battery cell, and measuring the battery's response signal to the AC excitation, and performing multiple measurements at different frequencies (0.5Hz-7.5kHz).

[0038] (2) Battery response signal acquisition: The high-frequency EIS acquisition module samples Vzm through a continuous-time ∆ADC. The voltage (Vzm) measurement is performed simultaneously with the impedance measurement. Vzm represents the response voltage of the battery cell to AC excitation during the impedance test.

[0039] (3) Calculation and processing: At each frequency point, the fundamental wave amplitude and phase information are extracted through a phase-locked amplifier or FFT algorithm.

[0040] For example, the excitation current , response voltage

[0041] Then extract the complex impedance:

[0042] in: represents the excitation current, represents the peak value of the excitation current, represents the angular frequency, Indicates the response voltage at both ends of the battery, represents the peak value of the response voltage, represents the initial phase angle; : Real part (representing resistance, Re), : Imaginary part (representing reactance, Im), : Phase difference.

[0043] (4) Constructing the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) Nyquist plot Construct EIS data table:

[0044] The horizontal axis is the real part Z′, and the vertical axis is the imaginary part Z′′, which are used to construct the electrochemical impedance Nyquist diagram (such as Figure 9 ) to quickly analyze the equivalent circuit.

[0045] Low-Frequency Region: The Mass Transport curve region characterizes the impedance characteristics of charge transfer between the liquid and solid states of the electrolyte. The Warburg (diffusion) resistance—W (Warburg impedance)—represents the resistance to mass transfer, which is diffusion-controlled. It typically exhibits a 45° phase shift and dominates when the frequency is ≤1 Hz. Low and medium frequency region: Charge transfer and electric double layer curve area represents the impedance characteristics of the battery double layer capacitor, double layer capacitor - C DL , occurs between the electrode and the electrolyte, consists of two parallel layers of opposite charges surrounding the electrode, and dominates in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 kHz.

[0046] Medium and high frequency region: SOLID ELECTROLYTE INTERPHASE curve region characterizes the impedance characteristics of the solid interface inside the battery. Charge transfer resistance - R CT , resistance occurs when electrons transfer from one state to another, that is, from solid (electrode) to liquid (electrolyte), varies with the temperature and charge state of the battery, and dominates in the frequency range of 1Hz to 1kHz.

[0047] High frequency area: The CONDUCTANCE AND SKIN EFFECT curve area represents the resistance of the battery electrolyte. Electrolytic resistance - R S The characteristic corresponds to the resistance of the electrolyte in the battery. It is affected by the electrodes and the length of the wires used when the test is performed. It increases with the aging of the battery and dominates when the frequency is ≥ 1 kHz.

[0048] (5) Equivalent circuit fitting: such as Figure 10 As shown, the equivalent circuit fitting of the battery is completed, the core parameters are: electrolytic internal resistance R S , double layer capacitance C DL , charge transfer resistance R CT , diffusion resistance W, solid salt resistance R SEI .

[0049] The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test in this invention is a multi-frequency test that comprehensively scans the internal electrochemical characteristics of a battery. This allows the device to perform internal impedance analysis based on multi-frequency AC excitation (0.5Hz-7.5kHz), constructing a complex impedance spectrum at no fewer than 20 frequencies to analyze the internal polarization characteristics of the battery.

[0050] 2. Energy-saving grid-fed battery pack capacity detection Combine Figure 7 As shown, this system uses an energy-saving grid-feed detection mode. A DC-AC bidirectional converter converts the DC power generated by the battery pack during discharge detection into AC power with the same frequency and phase as the grid, efficiently feeding it back to the grid. This effectively reduces the energy waste associated with traditional dummy load detection. To ensure feed stability and power quality, the system employs a triple guarantee mechanism: first, phase-locked loop (PLL) technology is used to achieve real-time synchronization with the grid voltage; second, a PQ decoupling control algorithm is used to independently adjust active and reactive power, improving adaptability to grid fluctuations; and third, an LCL filter is designed to significantly suppress grid-connected harmonics, keeping total harmonic distortion (THD) below 5%.

[0051] For capacity measurement, the core capacity host uses a high-precision Coulomb integration method (current sampling accuracy of ±0.5%) combined with dynamic voltage and temperature compensation algorithms to accurately measure the battery's true capacity, with a capacity measurement error of less than 2%. The core of the core capacity power conversion and control technology lies in the use of a DSP as the core control processing unit. The built-in adaptive PID algorithm combined with SVPWM modulation technology dynamically adjusts the inverter switching frequency to ensure output stability during SOC changes. Furthermore, the system integrates zero-crossing detection and islanding protection mechanisms to ensure safe and reliable operation of the power regeneration process.

[0052] The relevant workflow is as follows: During system operation, the centralized control unit in the battery management core capacity host first issues a discharge command, officially initiating the control process. Upon receiving the command, the incoming line contactor, via its internal control board, activates the contactor, switching the existing operating circuit to a dedicated core capacity charge and discharge circuit. Subsequently, the bidirectional converter unit, operating under the centralized control command, precisely controls the discharge current to the set value using bidirectional energy conversion and closed-loop control technology. It then stably feeds the discharged energy from the battery pack back to the AC grid, achieving efficient energy recovery. Throughout the entire core capacity discharge process, the core capacity host's centralized control unit monitors various operating parameters in real time, including voltage, current, capacity, and temperature rise. If the battery reaches any of the preset termination conditions, such as discharge capacity, lower voltage limit, or time, the system automatically stops core capacity discharge. To ensure safe system operation, the feed protection unit continuously monitors the energy feed status. If it detects an abnormal feed (such as power reverse or grid anomaly), it immediately disconnects the discharge circuit to prevent damage to system components. It also transmits an abnormal signal to the centralized control unit, which then interrupts the core capacity discharge process, implementing coordinated protection.

[0053] 3. Digital twin and cloud-edge collaboration technology This system is based on a cloud-edge collaborative architecture, takes the physical battery as the entity, builds its real-time dynamic digital twin model on the remote platform, and integrates multiple sources of information such as EIS electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, temperature, and voltage to realize a closed-loop control system of perception, diagnosis, prediction, and governance. The relevant workflow is as follows: (1) Edge collection, processing and uploading A companion monitoring terminal (core capacity host) and temperature / voltage acquisition and EIS test module (companion module) are set up at the battery site to obtain real-time battery data. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm is used to compress and preprocess the EIS raw data, extract complex impedance characteristic parameters, reduce transmission bandwidth requirements, and use protocols such as Modbus TCP to upload data to a remote platform.

[0054] (2) Cloud Data Analysis and Twin Modeling EIS data analysis: Impedance spectra at multiple frequency points (20+) are subjected to pattern recognition and attenuation fitting to form a health fingerprint of the impedance vector. An LSTM-AEKF model (Long Short-Term Memory Network + Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter) trained with historical data is used to achieve state prediction and consistency degradation identification.

[0055] Digital twin model construction: The remote platform maintains a set of virtual twin mapping models corresponding to each battery pack / each battery cell in real time; integrating electrochemical characteristics, environmental parameters and load behavior, it dynamically updates the SOH status and predicted path.

[0056] GIS visualization system integration: Battery pack distribution is loaded through GIS maps, and battery health heat maps are superimposed.

[0057] (3) Remote governance and decision feedback Risk warning: Model analysis is performed on abnormal frequency impedance offset, rapid temperature rise, open circuit trend, capacity attenuation rate, etc. The system generates a consistency degradation risk level based on the analysis results and automatically pushes alarms to the operation and maintenance platform.

[0058] Intelligent strategy generation: Based on the model prediction results, it automatically makes recommendations (such as starting passive or active balancing strategies, performing charge and discharge maintenance or calibration, or recommending battery unit replacement). It can also send strategies to the on-site host and automatically perform scheduled charge and discharge capacity tests.

[0059] (4) Visual rendering and interaction module Cloud rendering engine: Receives analysis results from the remote platform and can push them to the terminal in the form of dynamic video (the terminal refers to the interactive and display device set up on the user side, such as the industrial computer in the control room (the most common), the scheduling and monitoring screen (for centralized visualization) or the portable inspection tablet, etc.); supports high frame rate (30fps), high image quality (4K) display, and has real-time shadows, physical material simulation (PBR) and other effects.

[0060] End-to-end rendering engine: Combined with the cloud rendering flow, it enables visualization functions such as dynamic monitoring, historical data backtracking, and trend forecasting. It also provides integrated 2D and 3D scene rendering, supporting roaming, clicking, and attribute querying. In weak network or offline environments, it can continue to display loaded scenes through local cache.

[0061] 4. High current management technology Developed based on a DSP digital power chip, this system is highly programmable and can flexibly implement a variety of control algorithms and fault handling logic. The power side uses SiC MOSFETs or IGBTs with a withstand voltage of up to 1200V to construct an H-bridge active balancing circuit (located within the DC / DC converter). This supports active balancing control of currents up to 50A and provides zero-voltage drop bypass capability for open-circuit batteries.

[0062] When a battery cell open circuit fault is detected, the system quickly turns on the IGBT within 10ms to achieve temporary bypass, and the magnetic latching relay (i.e. Figure 3 K1 in the circuit is closed to build a stable and reliable fault bypass path to ensure that the busbar does not lose pressure and the system continues to operate.

[0063] The power module utilizes a liquid-cooled heat dissipation structure and a copper-based thermal management design, keeping device temperature rise to ≤40°C and ensuring 10 hours of continuous operation at full load. A multi-stage LC filter circuit within the system effectively suppresses high-frequency ripple caused by current switching, keeping the overall output voltage fluctuation within ≤0.5V and ensuring load stability.

[0064] The module supports a maximum current overload capacity of 60A to accommodate sudden load changes in the power grid. It also features a supercapacitor buffer circuit as a transient energy compensation mechanism to smoothly handle sudden current surges, providing the system with at least 10 hours of continuous operation and a window for emergency repairs.

[0065] 5. Intelligent management of battery full cycle health decay model This system integrates real-time monitoring data with historical attenuation patterns to build a closed-loop system from health status prediction to policy execution, achieving a governance upgrade from traditional passive alerts to active intervention. The core functions of the system include the following two aspects: (1) Accurately predict attenuation trajectory The ampere-hour integration method is used to quantitatively assess battery capacity loss, combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to analyze mechanistic changes such as plate sulfation. When key features such as sudden changes in internal resistance occur, the system dynamically increases the prediction weight of the mechanistic model, thereby identifying degraded battery cells in advance.

[0066] (2) Automatically execute governance policies Voltage consistency management: triggers the active balancing mechanism to reduce the voltage difference between batteries; Capacity fade repair: by increasing the charging voltage in a targeted manner, partial electrochemical reaction reversal is achieved; Open circuit emergency continuous current: When a battery cell has a momentary open circuit, the system controls the bypass circuit of the accompanying module to complete the bypass jumper within 400ns to ensure that the entire circuit is not damaged; Thermal runaway warning: The system continuously monitors the temperature change rate and internal resistance mutations. If it finds that the temperature rise rate is too large in a short period of time and is accompanied by an abnormal decrease in internal resistance, it triggers a high-priority alarm and pre-sets control measures to effectively prevent thermal runaway.

[0067] Based on the above implementation scheme, the system described in the present invention can ultimately achieve the following effects: the system internal resistance analysis test is based on multi-frequency AC excitation (0.5Hz-7.5kHz), which can construct a complex impedance spectrum of no less than 20 frequencies and analyze the internal polarization characteristics of the battery; the system adopts a grid-fed discharge core capacitor to realize the feedback of discharged electric energy to the grid, and the capacity detection accuracy is improved to 98%; the system integrates EIS data with LSTM neural network to establish a battery health state (SOH) prediction model; the system is based on DSP digital power supply technology and can realize 50A active balancing topology.

[0068] Based on the above functional implementation scheme, the overall workflow of the system of the present invention is as follows: 1. Real-time monitoring stage (perception layer) Each battery cell is equipped with a companion module to collect basic operating parameters such as voltage, temperature, and internal resistance; The module has a built-in EIS acquisition circuit that periodically sends out multi-frequency AC excitation signals to measure the battery complex impedance data; The data is uploaded to the aggregation module and further integrated and forwarded to the main control system (management host).

[0069] 2. Status identification and health assessment stage (data layer) The processing module in the core capacity host performs real-time SOC and SOH evaluation based on algorithms such as ampere-hour integration method and temperature compensation; The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy constructed based on EIS data is used to generate the battery aging trend curve; The evaluation and test results include: voltage consistency judgment (judged by collecting battery cell voltage data), internal resistance degradation trend identification (judged by internal resistance data), and EIS characteristic offset detection (judged by EIS spectrum test data).

[0070] 3. Attenuation prediction and risk identification stage (algorithm layer) The remote platform runs the LSTM-AEKF health prediction model, integrating EIS, historical load, and temperature data to identify degradation patterns; Achieve "high-risk monomer identification" and "life prediction interval estimation" in the short term; Output warning level and provide governance suggestions.

[0071] 4. Governance Response Phase (Execution Level) The system automatically issues governance policies based on the identification results. Common situations are shown in the following table:

[0072] 5. Data return and remote collaboration stage All key operating information, governance records, and health model results are uploaded to the remote platform simultaneously; The digital twin system updates the virtual status of battery packs and battery cells and constructs dynamic heat maps; The operation and maintenance platform supports remote configuration of charge and discharge test tasks, issuance of management instructions, and viewing of abnormal alarms and status trend charts.

[0073] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Comprehensive improvement of monitoring dimensions By integrating basic parameters such as voltage, temperature, and internal resistance with deep features such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), a "complex impedance fingerprint map" of the battery is constructed to make up for the limited perception dimensions of traditional BMS.

[0074] 2. Capacity detection and accurate energy saving The use of bidirectional converters to construct a grid-fed discharge nuclear capacity system can feed the discharge energy back to the grid in real time, and the capacity detection accuracy is improved to ±2%, avoiding the energy waste problem in traditional nuclear capacity.

[0075] 3. Intelligent prediction of health assessment By introducing LSTM neural network and extended Kalman filter fusion modeling, the SOH attenuation trend is dynamically predicted based on historical data and multi-source feature parameters, supporting early warning and strategy generation.

[0076] 4. Rapid and reliable governance response Supports active current balancing up to 50A; the companion module can achieve cross-current flow across single open-circuit batteries within 400ns to avoid power outage of the entire group.

[0077] 5. Cloud-edge collaboration and digital twins The remote platform builds a cloud-based digital twin model to perform real-time mapping and visual rendering of the battery operating status; combined with the GIS platform, it implements site-level centralized monitoring and policy issuance.

Claims

1. An integrated system for battery monitoring, detection, management and evaluation, characterized in that: It includes several accompanying modules, a centralized power distribution control module and a battery management core capacity host; Each of the companion modules is connected in parallel to each battery cell of the battery pack, and is used to collect and manage parameter information of the battery cell, wherein the parameter information includes at least voltage, temperature and impedance test data, and perform active balancing processing on the battery cell; The centralized power distribution control module is used to supply energy to the companion module and serve as a communication bridge between the companion module and the battery management core capacity host. It receives battery cell information collected by the companion module and forwards it to the battery management core capacity host, displays the received battery cell parameter information in real time, and receives management policy instructions issued by the battery management core capacity host and forwards them to the companion module for execution. The battery management core capacity host is the core control unit of the system, which is used to monitor the group end parameter information of the battery group, and the group end parameter information includes at least the group end voltage and group end current, monitor the system operation status information and system abnormality protection. The battery management core capacity host is also used to perform charge and discharge core capacity management of the battery group, including at least capacity calibration and charge and discharge testing, and can perform data processing and analysis based on the core capacity test data, monitoring data and received data, and perform battery group abnormality diagnosis, SOH evaluation, SOC evaluation, formulate system management strategies and issue the strategies according to the processing and analysis results.

2. The integrated battery monitoring, detection, management and evaluation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The companion module includes a DC / DC converter, a communication control unit, a first CPU processing unit and an acquisition unit; The DC / DC converter is used to respond to the instructions of the communication control unit to control the terminal voltage and bypass current of the battery cells in the battery pack to achieve balancing processing; The communication control unit is used to receive the adjustment signal of the first CPU processing unit to control the switching action of the DC / DC converter and thus control the terminal voltage and bypass current of the battery cell, and is used to communicate with the power distribution control module; The first CPU processing unit is used to read the information collected by the collection unit, store, process and analyze the information, and manage the parameter information of the battery cells, and communicate with the centralized power distribution control module through the communication control unit; The acquisition unit is used to acquire voltage, temperature parameters and impedance test data of the battery cells.

3. The integrated battery monitoring, detection, management and evaluation system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The companion module further includes a first protection unit, which is used to handle abnormal conditions of the companion module, wherein the abnormal conditions include at least over-temperature and over-current of the module itself.

4. The integrated battery monitoring, detection, management and evaluation system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The centralized power distribution control module includes a display unit, a communication unit, a second CPU processing unit, a converter and a power distribution control unit; The display unit is used to display the real-time parameter information of the battery cells of the battery pack; The communication unit is used to aggregate the power distribution control module and the accompanying module and the battery management core capacity host to communicate; The second CPU processing unit is used to receive the battery cell parameter information sent by the accompanying module, summarize it, and forward it to the battery management core host, and send the received battery cell parameter information to the display unit for display, and is also used to control the power distribution control unit; The converter is used for power conversion and supplies energy to the DC / DC converter of the companion module via the power distribution control unit; The power distribution control unit is used to control the DC power supply of the DC / DC converter in the companion module.

5. The integrated battery monitoring, detection, management and evaluation system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The centralized power distribution control module further includes a second protection unit, which is used to process abnormal conditions of the centralized power distribution control module, wherein the abnormal conditions include at least overcurrent of the module itself and abnormal current input to the accompanying module.

6. The integrated battery monitoring, detection, management and evaluation system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The battery management core capacity host includes a bidirectional converter unit, a centralized control unit, an incoming line connection unit, a feed protection unit and an interface unit; The bidirectional converter unit is used to execute the charge and discharge core capacity instructions. When the system needs to charge the battery pack, the mains energy is converted into DC output through the converter to charge the battery pack. When the system needs to discharge the battery pack, the battery energy is converted into AC through the converter to feed back to the power grid. The centralized control unit is used to comprehensively manage the operating status of the entire system, including at least battery pack charge and discharge test control, system operating status parameter monitoring and system abnormality protection, battery pack group terminal parameter information monitoring, receiving battery cell parameter information collected by the accompanying module, and processing and analyzing the core capacity test data, monitoring data, and received data. The analysis includes at least abnormality diagnosis, SOH assessment, SOC assessment, and fault analysis, as well as issuing system warnings based on the analysis results, generating and issuing balancing management strategies, and being able to display data, analysis results, and strategies; The incoming line contact unit is used to communicate with the centralized control unit to control the connection between the battery pack, the bidirectional converter unit and the DC bus; The power feeding protection unit is used to connect the mains input and the bidirectional converter unit, and immediately disconnect the circuit when abnormal power feeding occurs to prevent system damage; The interface unit is used for access to the battery pack, the DC bus and the mains input.

7. The integrated battery monitoring, detection, management and evaluation system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: It also includes a remote platform, which is used to perform unified remote management of battery groups, centralized power distribution control modules and battery management core capacity hosts. The remote management includes at least equipment monitoring, data analysis and display, health prediction and policy issuance, and maintenance scheduling.

8. The integrated battery monitoring, detection, management and evaluation system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The battery management core capacity host also includes a bus connection unit, which is connected between two sections of DC bus and can be controlled by a remote platform or the core capacity host to connect and disconnect the two sections of DC bus.

9. The battery management method based on the integrated battery monitoring, detection, treatment and evaluation system of claim 8, specifically comprising: Real-time monitoring stage: The companion module connected in parallel to each battery cell collects the voltage, temperature and impedance test data of the battery cell and sends it to the centralized power distribution control module; The power distribution control module aggregates the received data and forwards it to the battery management core capacity host; Status identification and health assessment stage: The battery management core capacity host performs real-time evaluation of SOC and SOH based on the ampere-hour integration method and temperature compensation algorithm; Generate battery aging trend curve through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy constructed based on impedance test data; The evaluation and test results shall at least include: voltage consistency judgment, internal resistance degradation trend identification, and EIS characteristic shift detection; Attenuation prediction and risk identification stage: The remote platform builds a digital twin model for each battery pack and each battery cell. It also uses the LSTM-AEKF health prediction model to integrate impedance test data, historical load, and temperature data to identify degraded battery cells. Achieve short-term high-risk monomer identification and life prediction interval estimation; Output warning level and provide governance suggestions; Governance response phase: The system automatically issues governance policies based on the identification results, and the system automatically or manually takes scenario response measures; Data return and remote collaboration stage: After the governance response is completed, all key operation information, governance records, and health model results are uploaded to the remote platform simultaneously; The digital twin model updates the virtual status of battery cells and battery packs and constructs a dynamic heat map.

10. The battery management method of the integrated battery monitoring, detection, treatment and evaluation system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The scenario response measures in the governance response phase shall at least include: When the voltage consistency is abnormal, it starts active high current balancing to quickly reduce the voltage difference; When the reversible capacity declines, a boost-activated pulse charge is initiated; When the battery cell is open, the accompanying module is connected to maintain continuous power supply to the system; When thermal runaway trends occur, shutdown, alarm, and power current limiting are triggered.

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