Two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid friction nano-generator, power generation method and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid friction nano-generator, a power generation method and application, and belongs to the technical field of wind power generation. The problems that in the prior art, wind power generation equipment is difficult to miniaturize, and the wind energy utilization rate needs to be improved are solved. The device comprises a power generation module, two sides of a movable plate in the power generation module and two fixed plates form two friction nanometer power generation mechanisms respectively, a friction medium layer adopts a grid type structure, and two pairs of magnets form a magnetic bistable mechanism; the fluid energy capturing module comprises a cylindrical shell for accommodating the power generation module; and the outer frame is arranged outside the cylindrical shell in a sleeving mode, and the cylindrical shell is connected with the outer frame through a first elastic assembly. Vortex-induced vibration excites the movable plate to vibrate, so that the friction nanometer power generation mechanism completes power generation, and compared with a traditional electromagnetic wind energy collector, the device is low in material cost, simple in design, miniaturized in structure and easy to maintain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular relates to a two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid friction nanogenerator, a power generation method and applications. Background Art

[0002] Railways are the main arteries of the national economy, critical national infrastructure, and a popular means of transportation. They are the backbone of the integrated transportation system, a vital public welfare project, and an environmentally friendly mode of transportation. Tracks and overhead lines are crucial components of railway infrastructure, and their health monitoring is crucial for ensuring safe, reliable, and efficient railway operations. However, the railway network covers a vast area and has long lines, requiring a large number of sensor network nodes. For such a large sensor network, how to provide continuous, stable, and low-cost energy to these nodes is an urgent challenge. Battery power is unsustainable and pollutes the environment, cable power routing is difficult and requires transformer equipment, and photovoltaic power generation is expensive and easily restricted by meteorological and geographical conditions. Harvesting mechanical energy from the environment to enable self-powering of railway health monitoring sensors has the potential to improve the stability and sustainability of sensor networks in railway operation and maintenance systems, reduce operation and maintenance costs, and thus contribute to the construction of a green, efficient, and precise modern intelligent railway operation and maintenance system.

[0003] Wind energy is one of the most abundant energy sources in nature and can be continuously converted into electrical energy. It is an ideal energy source for achieving self-powered large-scale distributed sensors in vast areas. In addition to the natural wind in the areas along the railway, the train wind generated during the movement of the train also provides good conditions for wind energy collection. Traditional wind power generation technology is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction and turbine structure. The wind drives the turbine blades to rotate, changing the magnetic flux passing through the conductor to generate electricity. This structure generally requires the use of bulky magnets and coils, and has a complex structure. As the size of the structure decreases, the output power decays significantly, which is not conducive to miniaturization. In addition, this structure is usually used in areas with strong winds, and the wind energy cannot be effectively utilized at low wind speeds. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the challenges of miniaturization and improved wind energy utilization in existing wind power generation equipment, the present invention provides a two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid friction nanogenerator, a power generation method, and its application. The generator consists of a two-degree-of-freedom vibration system that generates wind-induced vibrations in an air flow field. This generator can convert natural wind along the railway and wind from trains into electrical energy through the principle of frictional power generation, providing continuous power for structural safety monitoring sensors in the railway operation and maintenance system, thereby helping to build a green and efficient railway intelligent operation and maintenance system. In addition to being used for wind energy collection along railways, the present invention can also be applied to other wind-rich scenarios, such as highways and bridges, to provide power for monitoring equipment for various infrastructure.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:

[0006] Two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid friction nanogenerator, including:

[0007] A power generation module comprising two oppositely disposed fixed plates, a movable plate disposed between the two fixed plates and movable relative to the two fixed plates, a triboelectric nano-power generation mechanism disposed between the movable plate and the fixed plates, the triboelectric nano-power generation mechanism comprising a first friction structure and a second friction structure disposed on the movable plate and the fixed plate, respectively, wherein the first friction structure and the second friction structure adopt a grid-type structure;

[0008] Fluid energy capture module, including:

[0009] A cylindrical housing for accommodating a power generation module;

[0010] a first elastic component, comprising a first upper elastic member and a first lower elastic member, wherein the first upper elastic member and the first lower elastic member are respectively connected to the upper and lower sides of the cylindrical shell;

[0011] An outer frame is sleeved on the outside of the cylindrical shell, and the cylindrical shell and the outer frame are connected via a first elastic component;

[0012] A magnetic component is further provided between the cylindrical shell and the movable plate, and the magnetic component forms a magnetic bistable mechanism.

[0013] After adopting this technical solution, the present invention captures fluid energy through a fluid energy capture module. When the cylindrical shell receives fluid excitation, it generates vibration, and the first elastic component can continue the excitation, thereby improving the utilization rate of fluid energy; after receiving the vibration, the movable plate moves between the two fixed plates under the excitation of the vibration, thereby triggering the friction nano-power generation mechanism to generate electricity, thereby achieving full utilization of fluid energy. The magnetic components deployed on the movable plate constitute a bistable mechanism. Due to the nonlinear force between the magnets, the bistable system has two stable equilibrium points and one unstable equilibrium point, which helps to broaden the response frequency band of the system and improve the fluid energy collection efficiency at low wind speeds. The first friction structure and the second friction structure have the same grid pattern. The thin film of this grid structure can effectively improve the charge transfer efficiency and improve the wind energy collection efficiency.

[0014] Preferably, the cylindrical shell includes two circular surfaces and one arcuate surface, and the first elastic component is connected to the arcuate surface of the cylindrical shell.

[0015] Preferably, a second elastic component is provided in the cylindrical shell, the second elastic component comprises a second upper elastic member and a second lower elastic member, the second upper elastic member and the second lower elastic member are respectively connected to the upper and lower sides of the movable plate;

[0016] The two fixing plates are fixedly arranged in the cylindrical shell.

[0017] After adopting this technical solution, the second elastic component can drive the movable plate to move relative to the fixed plate to generate electricity.

[0018] Preferably, the magnetic assembly includes a first magnetic mechanism and a second magnetic mechanism symmetrically arranged on both sides of the movable plate, and the first magnetic mechanism and the second magnetic mechanism both include a first magnetic part and a second magnetic part respectively arranged on the cylindrical shell and the movable plate, and the magnetic force between the first magnetic part and the second magnetic part repels each other.

[0019] After adopting this technical solution, the magnetic components deployed on the movable plate form a bistable mechanism. Due to the nonlinear force between the magnets, the bistable system has two stable equilibrium points and one unstable equilibrium point, which helps to broaden the system's response band and improve the fluid energy collection efficiency at low wind speeds.

[0020] Preferably, two friction nano-power generation mechanisms are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the movable plate, the second upper elastic member and the second lower elastic member are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the movable plate, the first magnetic mechanism and the second magnetic mechanism are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the movable plate, the second elastic component and the magnetic component are located on the same horizontal plane, and the magnetic component is located between the second upper elastic member and the second lower elastic member.

[0021] Preferably, the distance between the first magnetic member and the second magnetic member is 12 mm.

[0022] Preferably, the movable plate is provided with a hollow structure.

[0023] After adopting this technical solution, in order to reduce the overall weight of the device, the interior of the movable plate is hollowed out.

[0024] Preferably, each of the friction nano-power generation mechanisms includes a first friction structure and a second friction structure respectively arranged on the movable plate and the fixed plate, the first friction structure includes a first metal film and a dielectric film, the second friction structure includes a second metal film, and the dielectric film and the second metal film are in contact and can move relative to each other.

[0025] After adopting this technical solution, the dielectric films on both sides of the movable plate and the metal film on the fixed plate contact each other, forming two sliding friction nanogenerators.

[0026] Preferably, when the movable plate is a grid structure, the first metal film, the dielectric film, and the second metal film are also configured as a grid structure coordinated therewith.

[0027] The first metal film, the dielectric film and the second metal film of the grid structure can effectively improve the charge transfer efficiency and improve the wind energy collection efficiency.

[0028] Preferably, the first upper elastic member comprises a first spring and a second spring, and the first spring and the second spring are arranged on the left and right sides of the upper part of the cylindrical shell respectively; the first lower elastic member comprises a third spring and a fourth spring, and the third spring and the fourth spring are arranged on the left and right sides of the lower part of the cylindrical shell respectively.

[0029] A power generation method, which uses the two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid friction nanogenerator, and the power generation process comprises:

[0030] When the fluid contacts the cylindrical shell, vortex-induced vibration is generated, and the movable plate in the cylindrical shell vibrates under the excitation of the vortex-induced vibration, so that the movable plate and the fixed plate move relatively;

[0031] The relative movement of the movable plate and the fixed plate makes the friction nanogenerator work to generate electric energy.

[0032] An application of the two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid friction nanogenerator, which is arranged along the railway to capture the natural wind and train wind along the railway, and generates electric energy through the natural wind and train wind.

[0033] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the present application has the following advantages:

[0034] 1. The fluid energy friction nanogenerator uses common polymer film (FEP film) and metal film (copper film) as power generation elements, and has fewer core components, lower material cost, simple design, small structure, and easy maintenance compared with traditional electromagnetic wind energy collectors.

[0035] 2. The first friction structure and the second friction structure have the same grid pattern, and the grid structure film can effectively improve the charge transfer efficiency and improve the wind energy collection efficiency.

[0036] 3. The present application uses a magnetic assembly to construct a magnetic bistable mechanism, which can significantly widen the effective flow rate domain of the fluid energy friction nanogenerator and improve its fluid energy collection efficiency at low flow rates through reasonable parameter setting. In addition, the grid type film is combined with the fluid energy friction nanogenerator, which can effectively improve the output voltage and improve the power generation efficiency compared with the traditional non-grid type film. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid friction nanogenerator in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Exploded view of;

[0039] Figure 3 A diagram showing the working principle of a friction nano-power generation mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of wind-induced vibration of a cylindrical shell in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the two-degree-of-freedom bistable vibration principle of a cylindrical shell in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the equilibrium point of a cylindrical shell bistable system in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first friction structure and the second friction structure in one embodiment of the present invention, wherein a is in a non-grid structure state, and b is in a grid structure state;

[0044] Figure 8 Graphs showing changes in the overlapping area and open circuit voltage of the first friction structure and the second friction structure over time in different structures in one embodiment of the present invention, wherein a is a graph showing changes in the overlapping area, and b is a graph showing changes in the open circuit voltage;

[0045] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the power collection principle of a power generation module in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the variation of output voltage with wind speed at different magnet spacings in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 11 The figure shows the voltage-charge diagram of different grid-type tribo-nanoelectric power generation mechanisms in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Among them, 1-outer frame, 2-first retaining frame, 3-cylindrical shell, 301-circular surface, 302-arc surface, 4-fixed plate, 5-third spring, 6-fourth spring, 7-movable plate, 8-second spring, 9-first spring, 10-first magnetic part, 11-fifth spring, 12-sixth spring, 13-dielectric film, 14-second magnetic part, 15-second metal film, 16-eighth spring, 17-second retaining frame, 18-seventh spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0051] The two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid friction nanogenerator should be applicable to various fluids. In this embodiment, only wind energy is used as an example, including:

[0052] A power generation module, the power generation module includes two relatively arranged fixed plates 4. In this embodiment, the two fixed plates 4 have exactly the same shape and size. A movable plate 7 that can move relative to the two fixed plates 4 is provided between the two fixed plates 4. In this embodiment, the movable plate 7 and the fixed plate 4 are 70 mm long and 50 mm wide. Specifically, a friction nano-power generation mechanism is provided between the movable plate 7 and the fixed plate 4. The friction nano-power generation mechanism includes a first friction structure and a second friction structure respectively provided on the movable plate 7 and the fixed plate 4, and the first friction structure and the second friction structure adopt a grid-type structure. The first friction structure includes a first metal film and a dielectric film 13, and the second friction structure includes a second metal film 15. The dielectric film 13 and the second metal film 15 are in contact and can move relative to each other. It should be noted that the first metal film, the dielectric film 13, and the second metal film 15 are all provided with the same grid-type structure, and the first friction structure and the second friction structure are exactly the same in size. The hollow grids in the grid-type structures of the first friction structure and the second friction structure have the same width as the non-hollow grids (i.e., Figure 2As shown, the width of two adjacent hollowed-out areas is consistent with the width of the solid area between them). In this embodiment, the dielectric film 13 is an FEP film, and the second metal film 15 and the first metal film are both copper films. In other embodiments, they can also be replaced with other materials. It should be noted that in the two friction nano-power generation mechanisms, the first metal film and the second metal film 15 act as electrodes, and the wires are connected to the first metal film and the second metal film 15. The output end of the wire is connected to the rectifier circuit and then connected to the super capacitor. The electrical energy is stored in the super capacitor. Figure 9 shown.

[0053] Fluid energy capture module, including:

[0054] The cylindrical housing 3 is used to accommodate the power generation module. In a more preferred case, the housing can be made of lightweight PVC pipe to reduce the weight of the entire device. The diameter of the cylindrical housing 3 is 90 mm and the length is 100 mm.

[0055] The first elastic component includes a first upper elastic member and a first lower elastic member, wherein the first upper elastic member and the first lower elastic member are respectively connected to the upper and lower sides of the cylindrical shell 3. In this embodiment, the first upper elastic member and the first lower elastic member are both composed of springs with a stiffness of 150 N / m. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the first upper elastic member is composed of a first spring 9 and a second spring 8, and the first spring 9 and the second spring 8 are respectively connected to the left and right sides of the upper part of the cylindrical shell 3, and the first lower elastic member is composed of a third spring 5 and a fourth spring 6. The third spring 5 and the fourth spring 6 are respectively connected to the left and right sides of the lower part of the cylindrical shell 3. In order to maintain the stability of the cylindrical shell 3, the structures and performances of the first spring 9, the second spring 8, the third spring 5 and the fourth spring 6 are exactly the same, so the cylindrical shell 3 can be horizontally connected to the middle of the outer frame 1; in this embodiment, since the spring is used After a period of time, the elasticity may decrease and affect the use of the device. Therefore, the first spring 9, the second spring 8, the third spring 5 and the fourth spring 6 need to be replaced regularly. Therefore, in order to facilitate the replacement of the first spring 9, the second spring 8, the third spring 5 and the fourth spring 6, hooks are provided at both ends of the first spring 9, the second spring 8, the third spring 5 and the fourth spring 6, and matching hanging holes are provided on the cylindrical shell 3 and the outer frame 1. The cooperation between the hooks and the hanging holes realizes the detachable connection of the spring, which is convenient for replacement; in other embodiments, the spring can also be fixedly connected to the cylindrical shell 3 and the outer frame 1.

[0056] The outer frame 1 is sleeved onto the exterior of the cylindrical housing 3, and the cylindrical housing 3 and the outer frame 1 are connected via a first elastic component. In this embodiment, the outer frame 1 is a rectangular frame, with a length of 290 mm, a width of 156 mm, and a thickness of 40 mm. Other embodiments may also have other shapes, such as square, circular, or elliptical, but a regular, axisymmetric shape is preferred.

[0057] A magnetic assembly is also provided between the cylindrical shell 3 and the movable plate 7, and the magnetic assembly includes a first magnetic part 10 and a second magnetic part 14 respectively provided on the cylindrical shell 3 and the movable plate 7, and the magnetic forces between the first magnetic part 10 and the second magnetic part 14 repel each other. In this embodiment, the first magnetic part 10 and the second magnetic part 14 are strong neodymium iron boron magnets with magnetic forces that repel each other, with a diameter of 8 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. The magnetic assembly includes a first magnetic mechanism and a second magnetic mechanism symmetrically provided on both sides of the movable plate 7, and the first magnetic mechanism and the second magnetic mechanism both include a first magnetic part 10 and a second magnetic part 14 respectively provided on the cylindrical shell 3 and the movable plate 7, and the magnetic forces between the first magnetic part 10 and the second magnetic part 14 repel each other. In this embodiment, it is more preferred to provide the first magnetic part 10 at the center of the circular surface 301, and the movable plate 7 and the fixed plate 4 are also located in the middle of the cylindrical shell 3, and the entire power generation module is an axisymmetric structure. It is further preferred that the entire device is an axisymmetric structure to better receive wind energy; Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the cylindrical shell 3 and the movable plate 7 inside it constitute a two-degree-of-freedom vibration system, and the magnets deployed on the two end surfaces of the movable plate 7 and the circular surface 301 constitute a bistable mechanism. Due to the nonlinear force between the magnets, the bistable system has two stable equilibrium points and one unstable equilibrium point, which helps to broaden the response frequency band of the system and improve the wind energy collection efficiency at low wind speeds.

[0058] According to fluid dynamics theory, Figure 4 As shown, when the cylindrical shell 3 is exposed to a flow field (such as wind), the fluid is separated into two rows of regular periodic alternating vortices. The vortices generate a vertical periodic force on the cylindrical shell 3, causing it to vibrate vertically, which is called vortex-induced vibration (or wind-induced vibration). At the same time, the movable plate inside the cylindrical shell 3 generates vertical vibration under the excitation of the vortex-induced vibration. When the movable plate 7 vibrates, it slides up and down relative to the fixed plates 4 on both sides, so that the two friction nano-generators between the movable plate 7 and the fixed plate 4 work to generate electricity (such as Figure 3 As shown), wind energy can be collected.

[0059] In one of the embodiments, the cylindrical shell 3 comprises two circular surfaces 301 and an arc surface 302, and the first elastic assembly is connected to the arc surface 302 of the cylindrical shell 3. That is, the arc surface 302 of the cylindrical shell 3 is preferably directed to the two sides of the outer frame 1 without obstruction, so as to better capture wind energy; for example, the outer frame 1 is composed of two vertical rods and two horizontal rods, and the two circular surfaces 301 of the cylindrical shell 3 are respectively aligned with the two vertical rods, so that the arc surface 302 is aligned with the front and rear sides of the outer frame 1, thereby better capturing wind energy;

[0060] In one of the embodiments, the cylindrical shell 3 is provided with a second elastic assembly, which comprises a second upper elastic member and a second lower elastic member. In this embodiment, the second upper elastic member and the second lower elastic member are both composed of springs with a rigidity of 120 N / m. The second upper elastic member and the second lower elastic member are respectively connected to the upper and lower sides of the movable plate 7. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 The first retainer 2 and the second retainer 17 are arranged in the cylindrical shell 3, and the first retainer 2 and the second retainer 17 are respectively fixedly arranged on the inner surfaces of the two circular surfaces 301 of the cylindrical shell 3. The second upper elastic member comprises a fifth spring 11 and a seventh spring 18, and the second lower elastic member comprises a sixth spring 12 and an eighth spring 16. The fifth spring 11 and the seventh spring 18 are respectively arranged on the two circular surfaces 301 of the cylindrical shell 3, and the sixth spring 12 and the eighth spring 16 are respectively arranged on the two circular surfaces 301 of the cylindrical shell 3. Figure 1 And Figure 2It can be seen that a protruding structure is provided on each of the left and right sides of the movable plate 7. In this embodiment, the protruding structure is defined as a whole with the main body of the movable plate 7, that is, the upper surface of the movable plate 7 also includes the upper surface of the protruding structure, and the lower surface of the movable plate 7 also includes the lower surface of the protruding structure. On this basis, when the second upper elastic member and the second lower elastic member are both composed of two springs, since the springs are connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the protruding structure, they are also connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the movable plate 7, not the side surfaces; in this embodiment, the fifth spring 11 and the seventh spring 18 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the upper part of the movable plate 7, and the sixth spring 12 and the eighth spring 16 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the lower part of the movable plate 7; the position of the movable plate 7 in the cylindrical shell 3 is maintained by four springs, and can be reset under the action of the springs during the activity process, thereby performing reciprocating motion; in other embodiments, the second upper elastic member and the second lower elastic member may also be Each of the springs is composed of only one spring. At this time, the second upper elastic member and the second lower elastic member are symmetrically connected to the middle parts of the upper and lower surfaces of the movable plate 7 body respectively; in this embodiment, since the elasticity of the spring may decrease after a period of use, affecting the use of the device, the fifth spring 11, the seventh spring 18, the sixth spring 12 and the eighth spring 16 need to be replaced regularly. Therefore, in order to facilitate the replacement of the fifth spring 11, the seventh spring 18, the sixth spring 12 and the eighth spring 16, hooks are provided at both ends of the fifth spring 11, the seventh spring 18, the sixth spring 12 and the eighth spring 16, and matching hanging holes are provided on the first retaining frame 2, the second retaining frame 17 and the movable plate 7. The detachable connection of the spring is achieved through the cooperation of the hook and the hanging hole, which is convenient for replacement; in other embodiments, one end of the spring can be fixedly connected to the first retaining frame 2 or the second retaining frame 17, and the other end is fixedly connected to the movable plate 7.

[0061] The two fixing plates 4 are fixedly disposed in the cylindrical housing 3 . In this embodiment, the two fixing plates 4 are fixedly disposed in the cylindrical housing 3 via the first retaining frame 2 and the second retaining frame 17 .

[0062] In one embodiment, the movable plate 7 is provided with a hollow structure. Specifically, a through groove is provided in the middle of the movable plate 7 so that the movable plate 7 forms a hollow structure, thereby reducing the mass of the movable plate 7.

[0063] A method for generating electricity using the above-mentioned two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid friction nanogenerator, wherein the power generation process includes:

[0064] When the fluid contacts the cylindrical shell 3, vortex-induced vibration is generated. The movable plate 7 in the cylindrical shell 3 vibrates under the excitation of the vortex-induced vibration, thereby causing the movable plate 7 and the fixed plate 4 to move relative to each other.

[0065] The relative movement between the movable plate 7 and the fixed plate 4 enables the friction nano-power generation mechanism to operate and generate electrical energy.

[0066] Figure 10 The figure shows how the output voltage of a single sliding friction nanogenerator in the wind energy friction nanogenerator changes with wind speed at different magnet spacings. Figure 10 It can be seen that without magnets, the wind energy harvesting system is a two-degree-of-freedom linear system with a narrow effective wind speed range. When magnets are added and a reasonable magnet spacing is set (e.g., 12mm), the effective wind speed range of the wind energy harvesting system is significantly widened, and the output voltage at different wind speeds is significantly improved.

[0067] Figure 11 The output voltage and transferred charge of different types of films at a wind speed of 5m / s are shown, where n represents the number of hollow grid units on the film. When n = 0, that is, when a traditional non-grid film is used, the output voltage and transferred charge are both small. As the number of hollow grid units increases, the output voltage and transferred charge are significantly improved. This is because the number of grids affects the overlapping area between the dielectric film 13 and the second metal film 15 during the sliding process. Figure 7 The two films shown are a non-grid film and a grid film (the number of hollow grids is 4). Figure 8 The figure shows the changes in overlap area and open-circuit voltage as the upper film slides from left to right. The overlap area of ​​the non-grid film decreases linearly, and its open-circuit voltage rises slowly, reaching a high open-circuit voltage only when the overlap area is small (large displacement). In contrast, the overlap area of ​​the grid-type film shows a fluctuating downward trend, and its open-circuit voltage remains high even at small displacements. As the number of grids increases, these fluctuations become more frequent, resulting in more voltage peaks during sliding. Therefore, the effect is related to the grid size. With the film's length and width remaining constant, the greater the number of grids and the narrower the grid width, the better the effect.

[0068] The above-described embodiments merely represent specific implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the technical concept of the present application, and all such variations and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid friction nanogenerator, characterized by: include: A power generation module, the power generation module comprising two fixed plates (4) arranged opposite to each other, a movable plate (7) movable relative to the two fixed plates (4) being arranged between the two fixed plates (4), a friction nano-power generation mechanism being arranged between the movable plate (7) and the fixed plate (4), the friction nano-power generation mechanism comprising a first friction structure and a second friction structure respectively arranged on the movable plate (7) and the fixed plate (4), and the first friction structure and the second friction structure adopt a grid-type structure; Fluid energy capture module, including: A cylindrical housing (3) for accommodating a power generation module; A first elastic component comprises a first upper elastic member and a first lower elastic member, wherein the first upper elastic member and the first lower elastic member are respectively connected to the upper and lower sides of the cylindrical shell (3); An outer frame (1) is sleeved on the outside of the cylindrical shell (3), and the cylindrical shell (3) and the outer frame (1) are connected via a first elastic component; A magnetic component is further provided between the cylindrical shell (3) and the movable plate (7), and the magnetic component forms a magnetic bistable mechanism.

2. The two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylindrical shell (3) comprises two circular surfaces (301) and an arcuate surface (302), and the first elastic component is connected to the arcuate surface (302) of the cylindrical shell (3).

3. The two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second elastic component is provided in the cylindrical shell (3), the second elastic component comprising a second upper elastic member and a second lower elastic member, the second upper elastic member and the second lower elastic member being connected to the upper and lower sides of the movable plate (7) respectively; The two fixing plates (4) are fixedly arranged in the cylindrical shell (3).

4. The two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The magnetic assembly comprises a first magnetic mechanism and a second magnetic mechanism symmetrically arranged on both sides of the movable plate (7), the first magnetic mechanism and the second magnetic mechanism each comprising a first magnetic part (10) and a second magnetic part (14) respectively arranged on the cylindrical shell (3) and the movable plate (7), and the magnetic force between the first magnetic part (10) and the second magnetic part (14) repel each other.

5. The two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two friction nano-power generation mechanisms are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the movable plate (7); the second upper elastic member and the second lower elastic member are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the movable plate (7); the first magnetic mechanism and the second magnetic mechanism are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the movable plate (7); the second elastic component and the magnetic component are located on the same horizontal plane, and the magnetic component is located between the second upper elastic member and the second lower elastic member.

6. The two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The movable plate (7) is provided with a hollow structure.

7. The two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first friction structure comprises a first metal film and a dielectric film (13), and the second friction structure comprises a second metal film (15), wherein the dielectric film (13) and the second metal film (15) are in contact and can move relative to each other.

8. The two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first upper elastic member comprises a first spring and a second spring, the first spring and the second spring being respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the upper portion of the cylindrical shell (3), and the first lower elastic member comprises a third spring and a fourth spring, the third spring and the fourth spring being respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the lower portion of the cylindrical shell (3).

9. A method for generating electricity, characterized in that: The two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid friction nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is used for power generation, and the power generation process includes: When the fluid contacts the cylindrical shell (3), vortex-induced vibration is generated, and the movable plate (7) in the cylindrical shell (3) vibrates under the excitation of the vortex-induced vibration, thereby causing the movable plate (7) and the fixed plate (4) to move relative to each other; The relative movement of the movable plate (7) and the fixed plate (4) enables the friction nanometer power generation mechanism to operate and generate electrical energy.

10. An application of the two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The two-degree-of-freedom bistable fluid friction nanogenerator is set along the railway to capture the natural wind and train wind along the railway, and the friction nanogenerator generates electricity through the natural wind and train wind.

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