Feed for increasing feed intake of beef cattle in summer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed for increasing the feed intake of beef cattle in summer and a preparation method of the feed, and relates to a microbial fermentation feed. The feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of sugarcane tip leaves, 20-30 parts of corn straws, 20-30 parts of pennisetum purpureum, 5-8 parts of citrus peel superfine powder, 10-15 parts of corncobs, 0.5-1 part of a fermentation complex microbial inoculant, 2-5 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5-1.5 parts of deep seaweed source short-chain fatty acid salt, 0.1-0.3 part of selenium yeast, 0.2-0.5 part of organic zinc, 0.01-0.03 part of vitamin D and 0.05-0.15 part of a yucca extract. By improving the feed intake, digestibility and anti-stress ability of the cattle, reducing the morbidity of limb and hoof diseases, finishing fattening, solving the problems of reduction of the feed intake and weight loss of the cattle in summer, realizing fattening of the beef cattle in the southern high-damp-heat areas all the year round, and improving the meat percentage of the beef cattle.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of microbial fermentation feed, and particularly relates to a feed for increasing the forage intake of beef cattle in summer and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the high-humidity and hot area in the south (such as Guangxi), the high-temperature and high-humidity environment (daily average temperature ≥ 35℃, relative humidity ≥ 80%) from June to August each year causes the following irreversible physiological effects on beef cattle breeding: (1) heat stress effect: the sweat glands of cattle are not well developed, and the body temperature regulation capacity is weak, and the energy consumption is greatly increased; (2) inhibition of digestive function: the high-humidity and hot environment causes the decrease of rumen pH value and the decrease of cellulose decomposition bacteria activity, so that the digestion rate of coarse feed is low; (3) cliff-like decrease of forage intake: the decrease of saliva secretion and poor palatability of feed result in the decrease of daily forage intake; (4) high incidence of limb and hoof diseases: the high humidity of the cattle bed can cause the hoof rot disease, and further inhibit the movement and forage. Therefore, from June to August each year, the beef cattle not only have no obvious weight gain, but also have weight loss.

[0003] Guangxi has rich feed raw material resources, and the annual output of agricultural and sideline resources such as sugarcane tops and corn stalks exceeds 20 million tons. At present, the beef cattle breeding feed in Guangxi mainly relies on the traditional beef cattle fattening feed with corn, soybean meal and wheat bran as main materials. The nutritional structure of the feed formula is unbalanced, the residual amount of trypsin inhibitor in the soybean meal is high, and the pollution rate of zearalenone in corn is also high, which aggravates the detoxification burden of cattle liver, cannot meet the rumen buffering demand of cattle in high-temperature period, has high feeding cost, and has no obvious weight gain effect, and the beef cattle have different meat yield levels.

[0004] In order to improve the utilization rate of feed and avoid the deterioration of silage, some documents also disclose the use of sugarcane leaves and corn stalks as raw materials for fermentation to prepare cattle feed. For example, patent application CN201610624753.9 discloses a calf breeding feed for enhancing calf mental activity and improving immune function and a preparation method thereof. The feed is delicious and has high digestibility, which can enhance the mental activity of calves, improve the mental state of calves, improve the immunity and stress resistance of calves, improve the digestive function of calves, promote the healthy growth and weight gain of calves, shorten the breeding cycle, improve the fattening rate and feed digestibility of calves, reduce feed consumption, and reduce feed cost. Another example is patent application CN201610494042.4, which discloses a beef quality improvement feed for improving beef muscle fiber texture and promoting beef color and a preparation method thereof. The feed can improve the intake of beneficial nutrients by beef cattle, improve and enhance the meat quality, fresh taste, and color of beef, promote the color of beef, improve the nutrition and texture of muscle fibers, improve the grade of beef, shorten the growth cycle of beef, improve the digestion capacity of beef, promote the growth and development of beef, has high nutritional value, does not contain additives, and has no adverse effects on the growth of beef. However, the fermentation agents in the above patent applications use single yeast, which leads to low cellulose degradation rate and cannot break down the lignin-cellulose complex structure of plant cell walls, and cannot effectively improve the digestibility of feed. Moreover, the above patent applications ignore the specificity of wet and hot environment, do not establish a dynamic control model for toxin degradation and mineral element release, and are not necessarily suitable for feeding cattle in hot areas. They cannot solve the problem of weight loss of cattle in hot summer weather.

[0005] There are also some composite bacteria to prepare cattle feed, such as patent application CN201210404650.3, discloses a wet fermentation protein feed for beef cattle efficient fattening process, specifically disclosed that corn, soybean meal, baking soda, minerals, trace elements, composite probiotics, after crushing, mixed according to certain proportion and bagging; the wine tank wet slag and distiller's thick slurry are mixed according to certain proportion and stored in airtight, the storage period is more than 6 months; the above two materials are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:3~5, water is added to adjust the pH of the mixed feed to 6~7, and then placed for fermentation for 4~8 hours, and the wet fermentation protein feed is obtained. Beef cattle are fed with 8~12 kg of wet fermentation protein feed per day, and the feed is divided into 2 or 3 times per day, and the mixed wet fermentation protein feed is poured on the grass before each feeding, so that the beef cattle can eat the grass and the mixed feed, and the weight gain of the beef cattle can reach 1.81~1.87 kg / d. For example, patent application CN202311033204.0 discloses a feed for improving rumen degradation rate of cattle and its application, the silage feed is prepared according to the mass ratio of 4:3:2:1 of elephant grass, sugarcane leaf, corn straw and cassava branch. During the silage process, Lactobacillus casei R7-6 strain is added at an inoculation amount of 0.1%, and cellulase is added at an inoculation amount of 0.08%. The preservation number of Lactobacillus casei R7-6 is CCTCC NO: M2018435. This scheme can effectively improve the rumen degradation rate of the feed in the cattle stomach and improve the effective utilization rate of the roughage, and also provides the weight of the beef cattle, which has good guiding value for improving economic benefits. The above patent applications are all for cattle feed in normal temperature environment, but they all ignore the fattening in high humidity and high temperature environment, and are not suitable for beef cattle fattening in southern high humidity and high temperature areas.

[0006] In order to solve the problem of weight loss of cattle in hot summer weather, high temperature fattening of beef cattle is carried out to achieve the effect of beef cattle fattening in all seasons and prevention of hoof disease of beef cattle in southern high humidity and high temperature areas. Therefore, the development of fermented feed has become an important issue to promote the development of beef cattle industry. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a feed for increasing the feed intake of beef cattle in summer, which can solve the problem of weight loss of cattle in hot summer weather, realize beef cattle fattening in all seasons and prevention of hoof disease of beef cattle in southern high humidity and high temperature areas, improve the meat yield of beef cattle, and thus improve the economic benefits of beef cattle breeding. The specific technical scheme is as follows: The feed for increasing beef cattle's summer forage amount is made from the following raw materials by weight: sugarcane top leaves 30-40 parts, corn stalks 20-30 parts, elephant grass 20-30 parts, citrus peel ultra-fine powder 5-8 parts, corn cobs 10-15 parts, fermentation complex bacterial agent 0.5-1 part, sodium bicarbonate 2-5 parts, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt 0.5-1.5 parts, selenium yeast 0.1-0.3 parts, organic zinc 0.2-0.5 parts, vitamin D3 0.01-0.03 parts, and lycas extract 0.05-0.15 parts.

[0008] Preferably, the feed for increasing beef cattle's summer forage amount is made from the following raw materials by weight: sugarcane top leaves 32-38 parts, corn stalks 22-28 parts, elephant grass 22-28 parts, citrus peel ultra-fine powder 6-7 parts, corn cobs 12-14 parts, fermentation complex bacterial agent 0.6-0.9 parts, sodium bicarbonate 3-4 parts, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt 0.8-1.2 parts, selenium yeast 0.15-0.25 parts, organic zinc 0.3-0.4 parts, vitamin D3 0.01-0.03 parts, and lycas extract 0.08-0.13 parts.

[0009] Preferably, the feed for increasing beef cattle's summer forage amount is made from the following raw materials by weight: sugarcane top leaves 32-38 parts, corn stalks 22-28 parts, elephant grass 22-28 parts, citrus peel ultra-fine powder 6-7 parts, corn cobs 12-14 parts, fermentation complex bacterial agent 0.6-0.9 parts, sodium bicarbonate 3-4 parts, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt 0.8-1.2 parts, selenium yeast 0.15-0.25 parts, organic zinc 0.3-0.4 parts, vitamin D3 0.01-0.03 parts, and lycas extract 0.08-0.13 parts.

[0010] Preferably, the fermentation complex bacterial agent contains active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and at least one probiotic selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus coagulans.

[0011] The fermentation complex bacterial agent contains Lactobacillus and Enterococcus faecium complex bacterial agent, which can degrade anti-nutritional factors (such as pectin in citrus peel ultra-fine powder, lignin in corn cobs and stalks) and mycotoxins (such as zearalenone in corn cobs and stalks) in roughage, thereby improving nutrient utilization and reducing the burden on the liver.

[0012] Preferably, the fermentation complex bacterial agent contains active dry yeast with a viable count of ≥50×10 9 CFU / g, and the probiotic has a total viable count of ≥10×109 CFU / g.

[0013] Preferably, the deep-sea algae-derived short-chain fatty acid salt is a coated butyric acid-decanoic acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide compound, which is prepared by mixing butyric acid monoglyceride, decanoic acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide, adding sucrose ester and deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, homogenizing and emulsifying at 60°C and 900 rpm for 15 min to form a stable emulsion with a particle size of ≤5 μm, slowly adding the stable emulsion into a 40°C sodium alginate solution for coating, the mass ratio of the stable emulsion to the sodium alginate solution being 1:3, dropping into a 40°C 1.5% calcium chloride solution, stirring at 500 rpm for 30 min to form calcium alginate gel microspheres with a particle size of 300-500 μm, then immersing the calcium alginate gel microspheres in a chitosan solution (2% chitosan is dissolved in 1% acetic acid solution) with pH=4.5, stirring at 40°C and 200 rpm for 45 min, adjusting the pH to 7.0 with 5% NaOH to allow the chitosan to form a dense positive charge layer on the surface of the sodium alginate, washing with deionized water for 3 times, vacuum drying at 40°C until the water content is ≤3%, and sieving through a 40-60 mesh sieve to obtain the coated butyric acid-decanoic acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide compound with a particle size of 400-600 μm.

[0014] Preferably, the organic zinc is zinc methionine or zinc glycinate.

[0015] Preferably, the content of saponins in the yucca extract is ≥10%.

[0016] Preferably, the preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: After the epidermis of sugarcane tops and leaves and corn stalks is cracked, they are cut into 3-4 cm sections, and elephant grass and corn cobs are cut into 2-3 cm sections, and the sugarcane tops and leaves and corn stalks are cracked and the epidermis is cracked, and then they are sent into a drying machine to dry until the water content is ≤15%, and then they are mixed uniformly to obtain pretreated materials; the fermentation complex inoculum is mixed with warm water, and then it is left to activate for 29-33 min to obtain an activated fermentation complex inoculum; (2) Fermentation in stages: First stage: the pretreated materials of step (1) and citrus peel ultra-fine powder are pumped into a material mixing machine under stirring, and then the activated fermentation complex inoculum of step (1) is added first for primary fermentation; Second stage: under stirring, sodium bicarbonate, selenium yeast, organic zinc, vitamin D3 and yucca extract are added for secondary fermentation; Third stage: under stirring, deep-sea algae-derived short-chain fatty acid salt is added for tertiary fermentation; The fermentation is terminated when the pH value decreases to 4.0-4.5 and a rich fruity aroma is produced; (3) Shaping and packaging: The fermented material is spread to below 30 DEG C, sent into a molding machine to be molded, sealed and packaged to obtain the feed.

[0017] Preferably, in step (1), the temperature of the warm water is 35-38 DEG C, and the mass ratio of the fermentation complex microbial agent to the warm water is 1:10-10.5.

[0018] Preferably, in step (2), the temperature of the primary fermentation is controlled to be 45-50 DEG C, the humidity is 60-70%, and the fermentation time is 30-36 h; the temperature of the secondary fermentation is controlled to be 50-55 DEG C, the humidity is 55-60%, and the fermentation time is 24-28 h; the temperature of the tertiary fermentation is controlled to be 55-60 DEG C, the humidity is 50-55%, and the fermentation time is 5-6 h.

[0019] Preferably, in step (3), the feed is in a powder form with a particle size of 40-80 mesh or in a granular form with a particle size of 4-6 mm.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1. Sodium bicarbonate is added in the feed of the present application as a rumen buffer to neutralize rumen acidosis caused by hot and humid weather, maintain pH stability, and improve cellulose-decomposing bacteria activity; yeast selenium, organic zinc and vitamin D3 with synergistic antioxidant capacity are added to reduce abnormal increase of metabolic rate caused by high temperature, reduce energy consumption of the cattle, and relieve heat stress metabolic burden; and a complex microbial agent is further added for fermentation to resist the influence of high temperature and high humidity environment and guarantee intestinal targeted release.

[0021] 2. Yucca extract with saponin content ≥10% is added in the present application to significantly improve feed palatability, stimulate saliva secretion, and improve cattle appetite; citrus peel ultra-fine powder is added to release volatile terpenes to enhance food-seeking, and segmented fermentation is adopted to produce small-molecule flavor substances in the feed to enhance feed-seeking, thereby promoting cattle feeding and solving the problem of reduced cattle feeding amount.

[0022] 3. Deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt (a complex of coated butyric acid-capric acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide) is added in the present application to be released in the posterior segment of the rumen to directly inhibit the pathogenic bacteria of foot rot.

[0023] 4. The present application uses surplus crop straw in Guangxi region as raw material to solve the problem of pollution of agricultural and sideline resources, reduce feed cost, and improve cattle feeding amount, digestion rate and stress resistance, reduce the incidence of limb and hoof diseases, and make the cattle complete the fattening process healthily and smoothly, solve the problem of reduced cattle feeding amount and weight loss in summer, reduce the use of antibiotics, meet the trend of green breeding, and enable the cattle to be fattened in the southern high-humidity and hot region throughout the year, improve the meat yield of the cattle, and thus improve the economic benefits of cattle breeding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all the professional terms used below have the same meaning as understood by those skilled in the art. The professional terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present application can be purchased on the market or can be prepared by existing methods.

[0025] Example 1 A feed for improving the summer feed intake of beef cattle is made from the following raw materials by weight: sugarcane top leaves 30 parts, corn stalks 20 parts, elephant grass 20 parts, citrus peel ultra-fine powder 5 parts, corn cob 10 parts, fermented complex bacterial agent 0.5 parts, sodium bicarbonate 2 parts, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt 0.5 parts, selenium yeast 0.1 part, organic zinc 0.2 part, vitamin D3 0.01 part, and lycas extract 0.05 part.

[0026] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the fermented complex bacterial agent contains active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and probiotics selected from the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus spp.) and Enterococcus faecium.

[0027] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the number of viable cells of active dry yeast in the fermented complex bacterial agent is ≥50×10 9 CFU / g, the number of viable cells of Lactobacillus is ≥6×10 9 CFU / g, and the number of viable cells of Enterococcus faecium is ≥5×10 9 CFU / g.

[0028] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is a complex of coated butyric acid-decanoic acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide.

[0029] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the organic zinc is zinc methionine or zinc glycinate.

[0030] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the content of saponins in the lycas extract is ≥10%.

[0031] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of raw materials: The sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are cut into 3cm sections after the epidermis is cracked, the elephant grass and corn cobs are cut into 2cm sections, and the sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are cracked epidermis and sent into a drying machine to be dried at 60℃ hot air until the moisture content is ≤15%, and then mixed evenly to obtain pretreated materials; the fermentation complex microbial agent is mixed with 35℃ warm water at a mass ratio of 1:10, and then activated for 29min to obtain an activated fermentation complex microbial agent; (2) Fermentation in stages: First stage: the pretreated materials of step (1) and citrus peel ultra-fine powder are respectively pumped into a material mixing machine, and under stirring, the activated fermentation complex microbial agent of step (1) is first added, and the temperature is controlled at 45℃, the humidity is controlled at 60%, and the time is controlled at 30h for primary fermentation; Second stage: under stirring, sodium bicarbonate, selenium yeast, organic zinc, vitamin D3 and lycas extract are added, and the temperature is controlled at 50℃, the humidity is controlled at 55%, and the time is controlled at 24h for secondary fermentation; Third stage: under stirring, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is added, and the temperature is controlled at 55℃, the humidity is controlled at 50%, and the time is controlled at 5h for tertiary fermentation; The fermentation is terminated when the pH value is reduced to 4.0 and a rich fruit aroma is generated; (3) Forming and packaging: The fermented materials are spread and aired to below 30℃, and then sent into a forming machine to be formed into powdery with a particle size of 40 mesh or granular with a particle size of 4mm, and then sealed and packaged to obtain the feed.

[0032] Example 2 A feed for improving the summer feed intake of beef cattle is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: sugarcane top leaves 40 parts, corn stalks 30 parts, elephant grass 30 parts, citrus peel ultra-fine powder 8 parts, corn cobs 15 parts, fermentation complex microbial agent 1 part, sodium bicarbonate 5 parts, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt 1.5 parts, selenium yeast 0.3 parts, organic zinc 0.5 parts, vitamin D3 0.03 parts, and lycas extract 0.15 parts.

[0033] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the fermentation complex microbial agent comprises active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and probiotics selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis.

[0034] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the number of viable cells of active dry yeast in the fermentation complex microbial agent is ≥50×10 9 CFU / g, and the number of viable cells of Lactobacillus spp. is ≥4×10 9CFU / g, Enterococcus faecalis viable count ≥ 3 x 10 9 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis viable count ≥ 5 x 10 9 CFU / g.

[0035] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is a complex of coated butyric acid-decanoic acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide.

[0036] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the organic zinc is zinc methionine or zinc glycinate.

[0037] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the content of saponins in the Yucca extract is ≥ 10%.

[0038] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of raw materials: The sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are cut into 4 cm sections after the epidermis is cracked, the elephant grass and corn cobs are cut into 3 cm sections, and the sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are cracked epidermis, and are sent into a drying machine to be dried at 60°C hot air to a water content of ≤ 15%, and are mixed evenly to obtain pretreated materials; the fermentation complex inoculant is mixed with 38°C warm water at a mass ratio of 1:10.5, and is left to activate for 33 min to obtain an activated fermentation complex inoculant; (2) Step-by-step fermentation: First stage: the pretreated materials of step (1) and citrus peel ultra-fine powder are respectively pumped into a material mixer, and under stirring, the activated fermentation complex inoculant of step (1) is first added, the temperature is controlled at 50°C, the humidity is controlled at 70%, and the time is controlled at 36 h for primary fermentation; Second stage: under stirring, sodium bicarbonate, selenium yeast, organic zinc, vitamin D3, and Yucca extract are added, the temperature is controlled at 55°C, the humidity is controlled at 60%, and the time is controlled at 28 h for secondary fermentation; Third stage: under stirring, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is added, the temperature is controlled at 60°C, the humidity is controlled at 55%, and the time is controlled at 6 h for tertiary fermentation; The fermentation is terminated when the pH value decreases to 4.5 and a rich fruity aroma is produced; (3) Shaping and packaging: The fermented material is spread to below 30°C, and is sent into a shaping machine to be shaped into a powder with a particle size of 80 mesh or a granular shape with a particle size of 6 mm, is sealed and packaged, and the feed is obtained.

[0039] Example 3 The application discloses a feed for improving beef cattle's summer forage amount, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: sugarcane top leaves 32 parts, corn stalks 22 parts, elephant grass 22 parts, citrus peel ultrafine powder 6 parts, corn cobs 12 parts, a fermentation compound microbial agent 0.6 part, sodium bicarbonate 3 parts, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt 0.8 part, selenium yeast 0.15 part, organic zinc 0.3 part, vitamin D3 0.01 part and lycas extract 0.08 part.

[0040] Specifically, in the embodiment of the application, the fermentation compound microbial agent comprises active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and probiotics selected from Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis.

[0041] Specifically, in the embodiment of the application, the number of viable cells of the active dry yeast in the fermentation compound microbial agent is greater than or equal to 50*10 9 CFU / g, the number of viable cells of the Enterococcus faecium is greater than or equal to 2*10 9 CFU / g, the number of viable cells of the Bacillus subtilis is greater than or equal to 6*10 9 CFU / g, and the number of viable cells of the Bacillus licheniformis is greater than or equal to 5*10 9 CFU / g.

[0042] Specifically, in the embodiment of the application, the deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is a compound of coated butyric acid-decanoic acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide.

[0043] Specifically, in the embodiment of the application, the organic zinc is zinc methionine or zinc glycinate.

[0044] Specifically, in the embodiment of the application, the content of saponins in the lycas extract is greater than or equal to 10%.

[0045] Specifically, in the embodiment of the application, the preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps: (1) raw material pretreatment: The sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are cut into 3cm sections after the epidermis is cracked, the elephant grass and corn cobs are cut into 2cm sections, and the sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are cracked and the epidermis is cracked, and then the sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are sent into a drying machine to be dried at 60 DEG C hot air to a water content of less than or equal to 15%, and then mixed uniformly to obtain pretreated materials; the fermentation compound microbial agent is mixed with 36 DEG C warm water at a mass ratio of 1:10.1, and then activated for 30 minutes to obtain activated fermentation compound microbial agent. (2) segmented fermentation: The first stage: the pretreated material of step (1) and the citrus peel ultrafine powder are respectively pumped into a material mixing machine, and in a stirring state, the activated fermentation complex microbial inoculum of step (1) is first added, and one-time fermentation is carried out by controlling the temperature to be 46 DEG C, the humidity to be 62%, and the time to be 31 h; The second stage: in a stirring state, sodium bicarbonate, yeast selenium, organic zinc, vitamin D3 and yucca extract are added, and secondary fermentation is carried out by controlling the temperature to be 51 DEG C, the humidity to be 56%, and the time to be 25 h; The third stage: in a stirring state, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is added, and three-time fermentation is carried out by controlling the temperature to be 56 DEG C, the humidity to be 51%, and the time to be 5.2 h; When the pH value is reduced to 4.1 and rich fruit aroma is generated, the fermentation is terminated; (3) molding and packaging: The fermented material is spread to below 30 DEG C, and then is sent into a molding machine to be formed into powdery with a particle size of 50 mesh or granular with a particle size of 4 mm, and is sealed and packaged to obtain the feed.

[0046] Example 4 A feed for improving the summer feed intake of beef cattle is made from the following raw materials by weight: sugarcane top leaves 38 parts, corn stalks 28 parts, elephant grass 28 parts, citrus peel ultrafine powder 7 parts, corn cob 14 parts, fermentation complex microbial inoculum 0.9 parts, sodium bicarbonate 4 parts, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt 1.2 parts, yeast selenium 0.25 parts, organic zinc 0.4 parts, vitamin D3 0.03 parts, and yucca extract 0.13 parts.

[0047] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the fermentation complex microbial inoculum comprises active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and probiotics selected from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis or Bacillus coagulans.

[0048] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the number of active dry yeast viable bacteria in the fermentation complex microbial inoculum is ≥50×10 9 CFU / g, the number of Bacillus subtilis viable bacteria is ≥5×10 9 CFU / g, the number of Bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria is ≥4×10 9 CFU / g, and the number of Bacillus coagulans viable bacteria is ≥5×10 9 CFU / g.

[0049] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is a complex of coated butyric acid-decanoic acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide.

[0050] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the organic zinc is zinc methionine or zinc glycinate.

[0051] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the content of saponins in the Yucca extract is ≥10%.

[0052] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the method for preparing the feed comprises the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of raw materials: The sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are cut into 4 cm sections after the epidermis is cracked, the elephant grass and corn cobs are cut into 3 cm sections, and the sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks with cracked epidermis are sent into a drying machine to be dried at 60℃ under hot air until the water content is ≤15%, and then mixed evenly to obtain pretreated materials; the fermentation complex inoculum is mixed with 37℃ warm water at a mass ratio of 1:10.2, and then left to activate for 32 min to obtain activated fermentation complex inoculum; (2) Step-by-step fermentation: First stage: the pretreated materials of step (1) and citrus peel ultra-fine powder are respectively pumped into a material mixer, and under stirring, the activated fermentation complex inoculum of step (1) is first added, and the temperature is controlled at 49℃, the humidity is controlled at 68%, and the time is controlled at 35 h for primary fermentation; Second stage: under stirring, sodium bicarbonate, yeast selenium, organic zinc, vitamin D3, and Yucca extract are added, and the temperature is controlled at 54℃, the humidity is controlled at 59%, and the time is controlled at 27 h for secondary fermentation; Third stage: under stirring, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is added, and the temperature is controlled at 59℃, the humidity is controlled at 54%, and the time is controlled at 5.8 h for tertiary fermentation; The fermentation is terminated when the pH value decreases to 4.4 and a rich fruity aroma is produced; (3) Forming and packaging: The fermented materials are spread and aired to below 30℃, and then sent into a forming machine to be formed into powdery or granular materials with a particle size of 40-80 mesh or a particle diameter of 4-6 mm, sealed and packaged to obtain the feed.

[0053] Example 5 A feed for increasing the summer feed intake of beef cattle is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: sugarcane top leaves 35 parts, corn stalks 25 parts, elephant grass 25 parts, citrus peel ultra-fine powder 6.5 parts, corn cobs 13 parts, fermentation complex inoculum 0.75 parts, sodium bicarbonate 3.5 parts, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt 1 part, yeast selenium 0.2 parts, organic zinc 0.3.5 parts, vitamin D3 0.02 parts, and Yucca extract 0.1 part. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the fermentation complex bacterial agent contains active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and probiotics selected from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis or Bacillus coagulans.

[0054] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the number of viable bacteria of the active dry yeast in the fermentation complex bacterial agent is ≥50×10 9 CFU / g, the number of viable bacteria of the Bacillus subtilis is ≥10×10 9 CFU / g, the number of viable bacteria of the Bacillus licheniformis is ≥10×10 9 CFU / g, and the number of viable bacteria of the Bacillus coagulans is ≥10×10 9 CFU / g.

[0055] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is a complex of coated butyric acid-decanoic acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide.

[0056] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the organic zinc is zinc methionine or zinc glycinate.

[0057] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the content of saponins in the Yucca extract is ≥10%.

[0058] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of raw materials: The sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are cut into 3.5 cm sections after the epidermis is cracked, the elephant grass and corn cobs are cut into 2.5 cm sections, and the sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are cracked and dried in a drying machine at 60°C hot air to a water content of ≤15%, and then mixed uniformly to obtain pretreated materials; the fermentation complex bacterial agent is mixed with 37°C warm water at a mass ratio of 1:10.3, and then left to activate for 31 min to obtain activated fermentation complex bacterial agent; (2) Step-by-step fermentation: First stage: the pretreated materials of step (1) and citrus peel ultra-fine powder are respectively pumped into a material mixing machine, and under stirring, the activated fermentation complex bacterial agent of step (1) is first added, and the temperature is controlled at 47°C, the humidity is controlled at 65%, and the time is controlled at 33 h for primary fermentation; Second stage: under stirring, sodium bicarbonate, selenium yeast, organic zinc, vitamin D3 and Yucca extract are added, and the temperature is controlled at 53°C, the humidity is controlled at 58%, and the time is controlled at 26 h for secondary fermentation; The third stage: under the stirring state, the deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is added, the temperature is controlled to be 58 DEG C, the humidity is controlled to be 53%, and the time is controlled to be 5.5h to carry out three times of fermentation; The fermentation is terminated when the pH value is reduced to 4.3 and rich fruit aroma is generated; (3) molding and packaging: The fermented material is spread to be below 30 DEG C, is sent into a molding machine to be formed into powder with a granularity of 60 meshes or granular with a particle size of 5mm, is sealed and packaged, and the feed is obtained.

[0059] Example 6 The feed for improving the summer feed intake of beef cattle is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: sugarcane top leaves 33 parts, corn stalks 23 parts, elephant grass 23 parts, citrus peel ultrafine powder 6.2 parts, corn cob 12.5 parts, fermentation composite microbial agent 0.7 part, sodium bicarbonate 3.3 parts, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt 0.9 parts, selenium yeast 0.18 parts, organic zinc 0.33 parts, vitamin D3 0.01 parts, and yucca extract 0.09 parts.

[0060] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the fermentation composite microbial agent comprises active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and probiotics selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus coagulans.

[0061] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the number of viable cells of the active dry yeast in the fermentation composite microbial agent is ≥50×10 9 CFU / g, the number of viable cells of the Lactobacillus spp. is ≥4×10 9 CFU / g, the number of viable cells of the Enterococcus faecium is ≥3×10 9 CFU / g, and the number of viable cells of the Bacillus coagulans is ≥5×10 9 CFU / g.

[0062] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is a complex of coated butyric acid-decanoic acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide.

[0063] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the organic zinc is zinc methionine or zinc glycinate.

[0064] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the content of saponins in the yucca extract is ≥10%.

[0065] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps: (1) raw material pretreatment: The sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are cut into 3.3 cm sections after the epidermis is cracked, the elephant grass and corn cobs are cut into 2.3 cm sections, and the sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are cracked and the epidermis is cracked, and are sent into a drying machine to be dried at 60°C hot air to a water content of ≤15%, and are mixed uniformly to obtain pretreated materials; the fermentation complex microbial agent is mixed with 37°C warm water at a mass ratio of 1:10.3, and is left to stand for 32 min to obtain an activated fermentation complex microbial agent; (2) Subsection fermentation: First stage: the pretreated materials of step (1) and citrus peel ultra-fine powder are respectively pumped into a material mixing machine, and under stirring, the activated fermentation complex microbial agent of step (1) is first added, and the temperature is controlled to be 47°C, the humidity is controlled to be 63%, and the time is controlled to be 32 h for primary fermentation; Second stage: under stirring, sodium bicarbonate, selenium yeast, organic zinc, vitamin D3, and lycas extract are added, and the temperature is controlled to be 52°C, the humidity is controlled to be 57%, and the time is controlled to be 25 h for secondary fermentation; Third stage: under stirring, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is added, and the temperature is controlled to be 57°C, the humidity is controlled to be 52%, and the time is controlled to be 5.3 h for tertiary fermentation; The fermentation is terminated when the pH value is reduced to 4.2 and a rich fruit aroma is generated; (3) Forming and packaging: The fermented materials are spread to be below 30°C, and are sent into a forming machine to be formed into powdery with a particle size of 50 mesh or granular with a particle size of 4.5 mm, and are sealed and packaged to obtain the feed.

[0066] Example 7 A feed for improving the summer feed intake of beef cattle is made from the following raw materials by weight: sugarcane top leaves 37 parts, corn stalks 27 parts, elephant grass 27 parts, citrus peel ultra-fine powder 6.8 parts, corn cobs 13.5 parts, fermentation complex microbial agent 0.8 parts, sodium bicarbonate 3.7 parts, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt 1.1 parts, selenium yeast 0.22 parts, organic zinc 0.37 parts, vitamin D3 0.03 parts, and lycas extract 0.12 parts.

[0067] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the fermentation complex microbial agent comprises active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and probiotics selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus spp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus coagulans.

[0068] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the number of viable bacteria of the active dry yeast in the fermentation complex microbial agent is ≥50×109 CFU / g, the number of viable Lactobacillus is ≥ 3 x 10 9 CFU / g, the number of viable Bacillus subtilis is ≥ 5 x 10 9 CFU / g, the number of viable Bacillus licheniformis is ≥ 4 x 10 9 CFU / g, the number of viable Bacillus coagulans is ≥ 4 x 10 9 CFU / g.

[0069] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is a compound of coated butyric acid-decanoic acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide.

[0070] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the organic zinc is zinc methionine or zinc glycinate.

[0071] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the content of saponin in the Yucca extract is ≥ 10%.

[0072] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of raw materials: The sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are cut into 3.7 cm sections after the epidermis is cracked, the elephant grass and corn cobs are cut into 2.7 cm sections, and the sugarcane top leaves and corn stalks are cracked and dried to a water content of ≤ 15% at 60°C hot air in a drying machine, mixed uniformly to obtain pretreated materials; the fermentation complex microbial inoculum is mixed with 37°C warm water at a mass ratio of 1:10.3, and is allowed to stand for 30 min for activation to obtain an activated fermentation complex microbial inoculum; (2) Step-by-step fermentation: First stage: the pretreated materials of step (1) and citrus peel ultra-fine powder are respectively pumped into a material mixing machine, and under stirring, the activated fermentation complex microbial inoculum of step (1) is first added, and the temperature is controlled at 48°C, the humidity is controlled at 67%, and the time is controlled at 304 h for primary fermentation; Second stage: under stirring, sodium bicarbonate, selenium yeast, organic zinc, vitamin D3, and Yucca extract are added, and the temperature is controlled at 53°C, the humidity is controlled at 58%, and the time is controlled at 27 h for secondary fermentation; Third stage: under stirring, deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is added, and the temperature is controlled at 58°C, the humidity is controlled at 54%, and the time is controlled at 5.7 h for tertiary fermentation; The fermentation is terminated when the pH value decreases to 4.3 and a rich fruity aroma is produced; (3) Forming and packaging: The fermented material is spread to below 30°C, and is sent into a forming machine to form a powder with a particle size of 70 mesh or a granular material with a particle size of 6 mm, and is sealed and packaged to obtain the feed.

[0073] To further illustrate the technical effects of the technical solutions of the present application, the following feeding test is conducted: Experimental site: a beef cattle farm in Nanning, Guangxi, from June to August 2024, the average daily temperature of the farm was 36°C, and the humidity in the beef cattle breeding shed was 85%.

[0074] Experiment 1: Inhibition effect of deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt on foot rot Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that no deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is added, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0075] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is replaced by sodium butyrate, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0076] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that the deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt used is coated butyric acid-capric acid monoglyceride, not a complex, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0077] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that the deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt used is uncoated butyric acid monoglyceride, capric acid monoglyceride, and magnesium oxide, with the same amount, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0078] Comparative Example 5 The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt is 4 parts, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0079] Select 250 heads of Guixi cattle with similar aspects, randomly divide them into 5 groups, 50 heads in each group, feed for 60 days, and feed the feed prepared by Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5, respectively, with the same management. Record the incidence of foot rot, hoof lesion score (0-5 points), rumen rear content butyric acid concentration (μg / g, HPLA detection), and hoof lesion score standard as shown in Table 1. The experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0080] Table 1 Hoof lesion score standard Table 2 Inhibition effect of deep-sea algal source short-chain fatty acid salt on foot rot and influence of rumen rear butyric acid concentration The added deep-sea algae source short-chain fatty acid salt (coated butyric acid-decanoic acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide compound) can effectively inhibit the incidence of hoof rot, although single coated butyric acid-decanoic acid monoglyceride has a certain inhibitory effect on hoof rot, but the effect of the coated butyric acid-decanoic acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide compound is better, because magnesium oxide can enhance the slow-release property and pH stability; the inhibitory effect of sodium butyrate alone on hoof rot is not good, because sodium butyrate is absorbed in the front part of the rumen, the concentration in the rear part of the rumen is insufficient, and the bacteriostatic effect is also reduced; although too high a dosage of deep-sea algae source short-chain fatty acid salt has a certain effect on bacteriostasis, the concentration of butyric acid in the rear part of the rumen is also high, but it is easy to interfere with the balance of rumen microorganisms, thereby increasing the risk of hoof rot.

[0081] Experiment 2: Synergistic effect of fermentation complex microbial agent on cellulose degradation Comparative Example 6 The difference from Example 2 is that the fermentation microbial agent only uses active dry yeast, without adding other strains, and the other conditions remain unchanged.

[0082] Comparative Example 7 The difference from Example 2 is that the fermentation microbial agent only uses Lactobacillus, with a viable bacterial count of 62x10 9 CFU / g, and the other conditions remain unchanged.

[0083] Comparative Example 8 The difference from Example 2 is that the fermentation microbial agent only uses Enterococcus faecalis, with a viable bacterial count of 62x10 9 CFU / g, and the other conditions remain unchanged.

[0084] Comparative Example 9 The difference from Example 2 is that the fermentation microbial agent only uses Bacillus subtilis, with a viable bacterial count of 62x10 9 CFU / g, and the other conditions remain unchanged.

[0085] Comparative Example 10 The difference from Example 2 is that the fermentation microbial agent is Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis, with a viable bacterial count of Lactobacillus of 6x10 9 CFU / g and a viable bacterial count of Bacillus subtilis of 6x10 9 CFU / g, and the other conditions remain unchanged.

[0086] Comparative Example 11 The difference from Example 2 is that the fermentation microbial agent is Lactobacillus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis, with a viable bacterial count of Lactobacillus of 4x10 9 CFU / g, a viable bacterial count of Enterococcus faecalis of 4x10 9 CFU / g, and a viable bacterial count of Bacillus subtilis of 5x10 9 CFU / g, and the other conditions remain unchanged.

[0087] The lignin degradation rate (Van Soest method) and the zearalenone residual amount (ELISA) of the feed prepared from Example 2 and Comparative Examples 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 were detected, and the experimental results are shown in Table 3.

[0088] Table 3 Effect of fermentation complex microbial inoculant on lignin degradation rate and zearalenone residual amount From the experimental data in Table 2, it can be seen that single species is not as good as complex microbial inoculant. From the results of Comparative Example 6 and Example 2, it can be seen that single yeast cannot break down the lignin-cellulose complex structure. From the results of Comparative Examples 7, 8, 9 and Example 2, it can be seen that lactobacillus and enterococcus faecalis have weak lignin degradation ability, and bacillus subtilis has certain lignin degradation ability, but poor toxin degradation effect. From the results of Comparative Examples 10, 11 and Example 2, it can be seen that multiple strains are more conducive to the degradation of substances, but when the number of viable bacteria in the complex microbial inoculant is insufficient, the ability to degrade substances will be reduced. The present application uses the synergistic effect of complex microbial inoculant and limits the number of viable bacteria in the microbial inoculant, significantly improves the lignin degradation rate and reduces the toxin residue, and solves the problems of “low digestibility of roughage” and “zearalenone pollution” in the background art.

[0089] Experiment 3: Effect of the addition amount of citrus peel ultra-fine powder and lycium extract on feeding behavior Comparative Example 12 The difference from Example 3 is that no citrus peel ultra-fine powder is added, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0090] Comparative Example 13 The difference from Example 3 is that 3 parts of citrus peel ultra-fine powder are added, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0091] Comparative Example 14 The difference from Example 3 is that 10 parts of citrus peel ultra-fine powder are added, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0092] Comparative Example 15 The difference from Example 3 is that no lycium extract is added, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0093] Comparative Example 16 The difference from Example 3 is that 0.01 parts of lycium extract are added, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0094] Comparative Example 17 The difference from Example 3 is that 0.35 parts of lycium extract are added, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0095] Comparative Example 18 The difference from Example 3 is that no citrus peel ultrafine powder and yucca extract is added, and other conditions are unchanged.

[0096] Select 400 heads of each aspect similar to the west of Guangxi cattle, and randomly divide them into 8 groups, 50 heads in each group, respectively, using the feed prepared in Example 3 and the feed prepared in Comparative Examples 12-18, and other management is the same. Record the average daily intake of cattle (kg), saliva secretion (g / day), and food-seeking score (1-5 points). The food-seeking score standard is: 5 points: strong food-seeking, very fast eating speed; 4 points: voluntary eating, no residue; 3 points: normal eating, a small amount of residue; 2 points: hesitant eating, more than 20% remaining; 1 point: refuse to eat. The experimental results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0097] Table 4 Effect of citrus peel ultrafine powder and yucca extract addition amount on feeding behavior The added citrus peel ultrafine powder in the present application can release volatile terpenes to enhance food-seeking, and the use of segmented fermentation allows the feed to produce small molecule flavor substances, enhancing the food-seeking of the feed, thereby promoting the feeding of the cattle. However, too little release of volatile terpenes cannot achieve the food-seeking effect, and excessive citrus peel ultrafine powder addition will produce a pungent odor due to excessive terpenes, which will repel cattle and thus be detrimental to food-seeking. The added yucca extract contains saponins, which can improve the palatability of the feed, stimulate saliva secretion, and improve the appetite of cattle, but insufficient yucca extract will result in too low saponin content, which cannot improve the palatability of the feed and cannot stimulate saliva secretion, and excessive yucca extract will result in the bitter taste of saponins in the yucca extract, which reduces the palatability of the feed, saliva secretion of cattle, and appetite. The present application adds citrus peel ultrafine powder and yucca extract with saponin content ≥10%, and limits the amount, through the dual mechanism of "flavor food-seeking (citrus peel) + saliva promotion (yucca)", and the dual (terpenes + saponins) to enhance the feeding desire, solving the problem of decreased cattle intake.

[0098] Experiment 4: Protective effect of segmented fermentation process on active ingredients Comparative Example 19 The difference from Example 4 is that no fermentation process is performed during preparation, and direct molding and packaging are performed, and other conditions are unchanged.

[0099] Comparative Example 20 The difference from Example 4 is that all the raw materials are mixed and subjected to single fermentation during preparation, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 55℃, the humidity is 65%, and the fermentation time is 80h, and other conditions are unchanged.

[0100] Comparative Example 21 The difference from Example 4 is that two-stage fermentation is used in preparation, and deep-sea algae-derived short-chain fatty acid salt is added in the second stage of fermentation together with the yucca extract, and other conditions are unchanged.

[0101] The retention rate of vitamin D3 (HPLC) and the type of flavor substances (GC-MS) in the feed prepared in Example 4, Comparative Example 19, Comparative Example 20, Comparative Example 21 are detected respectively. The experimental results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0102] Table 5 Influence of segmented fermentation process on protection of active ingredients and generation of flavor substances The present application adopts segmented fermentation (three-stage fermentation), maximizes the retention of heat-stress-resistant vitamin D3 by "avoiding heat-sensitive period" (adding vitamin D3 in the second stage) and low-temperature terminal addition of short-chain fatty acid salt (deep-sea algae-derived short-chain fatty acid salt is added in the third stage); the number of flavor substances is increased through three-stage fermentation, and the feed palatability is enhanced.

[0103] Experiment 5: feeding test Select 1400 heads of Guixi cattle with similar body weight (460±5 kg) and other aspects, and randomly divide them into 14 groups, 100 heads in each group, and feed the feed prepared in Examples 1-5 and the feed prepared in Comparative Examples 1, 2, 6, 10, 12, 15, 18, 19, 20, respectively, and the other managements are the same. Record the daily average weight gain of the cattle (kg / day), rumen pH, detect the serum cortisol of the cattle (stress hormone, heat stress degree marker, higher indicates stronger stress, ng / mL), superoxide dismutase SOD activity (antioxidant capacity, higher indicates stronger heat stress resistance, U / mg prot), and the experimental results are shown in Table 6 below.

[0104] Table 6 As can be seen from Table 1, the present application improves the digestibility by the three-in-one mode of "compound microbial agent degrading cellulose + segmented fermentation protecting active substances + functional additive resisting stress", solves the problem of low roughage digestibility in a humid and hot environment; adds citrus peel + yucca extract to guarantee the feed intake and break the vicious cycle of "saliva reduction -> feed intake reduction"; adds short-chain fatty acid salt (deep-sea algae-derived short-chain fatty acid salt) for targeted bacteriostasis, reduces limb and hoof diseases, relieves heat stress, and guarantees the summer weight gain of beef cattle in the high-humidity and hot regions of the south, which shows that the feed prepared by the method of the present application improves the feed intake of cattle, the cattle weight gain is good, the rumen pH of cattle is appropriate, and the incidence of limb and hoof diseases is reduced.

[0105] The application uses surplus crop straw in Guangxi region as raw material, solves the pollution problem of agricultural and sideline resources, reduces the feed cost, and through improving the foraging capacity, digestion rate and stress resistance of the cattle, can reduce the incidence of limb and hoof diseases, make the cattle complete the fattening healthily and smoothly, solve the problem of reduced food intake and weight loss of cattle in summer, reduce the use of antibiotics, can realize cattle fattening in all seasons in high humidity and heat area in the south, improve the meat yield of beef cattle, and improve the economic benefit of beef cattle breeding.

[0106] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the application is intended to be illustrative only and is not intended to limit the application to the precise forms described. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the application and its practical application and to allow others skilled in the art to understand the application for various exemplary embodiments with various modifications being applicable. The scope of the application is intended to be limited only by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A feed for increasing feed intake of beef cattle in summer, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of sugarcane tips, 20-30 parts of corn stalks, 20-30 parts of elephant grass, 5-8 parts of citrus peel ultrafine powder, 10-15 parts of corn cobs, 0.5-1 part of fermentation compound bacterial agent, 2-5 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5-1.5 parts of deep-sea algae-derived short-chain fatty acid salt, 0.1-0.3 part of yeast selenium, 0.2-0.5 part of organic zinc, 0.01-0.03 part of vitamin D3 and 0.05-0.15 part of yucca extract.

2. The feed for increasing summer feed intake of beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation composite bacterial agent comprises active dry yeast and at least one probiotic selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans.

3. The feed for increasing summer feed intake of beef cattle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of active dry yeast cells in the fermentation composite bacterial agent is ≥50×10 9 CFU / g, the total number of viable probiotics is ≥10×10 9 CFU / g.

4. The feed for increasing summer feed intake of beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep-sea algae-derived short-chain fatty acid salt is a complex of coated butyric acid-capric acid monoglyceride and magnesium oxide.

5. The feed for increasing summer feed intake of beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic zinc is zinc methionine or zinc glycinate.

6. The feed for increasing summer feed intake of beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The saponin content in the yucca extract is ≥10%.

7. A method for preparing a feed according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Raw material pretreatment: The sugarcane leaves and corn stalks are crushed and cut into 3-4 cm segments, and elephant grass and corn cobs are cut into 2-3 cm segments. The sugarcane leaves and corn stalks are crushed and sent to a dryer for drying until the moisture content is ≤15%, and the mixture is evenly mixed to obtain a pretreated material; the fermentation composite bacterial agent is mixed with warm water and left to stand for activation for 29-33 minutes to obtain an activated fermentation composite bacterial agent; (2) Staged fermentation: The first stage: the pretreated material of step (1) and the citrus peel ultrafine powder are pumped into the material mixer respectively, and under stirring, the activated fermentation composite bacterial agent of step (1) is first added to carry out a fermentation; The second stage: while stirring, add sodium bicarbonate, yeast selenium, organic zinc, vitamin D3, and yucca extract for secondary fermentation; The third stage: under stirring, add short-chain fatty acid salts from deep sea algae and carry out three fermentations; When the pH value drops to 4.0-4.5, the fermentation is terminated; (3) Molding and packaging: The fermented material is spread out to air below 30° C., sent to a molding machine for molding, and sealed and packaged to obtain the feed.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (1), the temperature of the warm water is 35-38° C., and the mass ratio of the fermentation composite bacterial agent to the warm water is 1:10-10.

5.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (2), the temperature of the primary fermentation is controlled at 45-50°C, the humidity is 60-70%, and the fermentation time is 30-36 hours; the temperature of the secondary fermentation is controlled at 50-55°C, the humidity is 55-60%, and the fermentation time is 24-28 hours; the temperature of the tertiary fermentation is controlled at 55-60°C, the humidity is 50-55%, and the fermentation time is 5-6 hours.

10. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (3), the feed is in the form of powder with a mesh size of 40 to 80 mesh or in the form of granules with a particle size of 4 to 6 mm.

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