Preparation method of fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a preparation method of a fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil, and the method comprises the following steps: mixing black carbon, a nitrogen fertilizer and a conditioner according to an initial ratio to obtain an initial fertilizer sample; performing soil sampling on the target navel orange orchard, putting an initial soil sample into a sealing bag, marking the sampling position, depth and time, and measuring initial soil parameters of the initial soil sample; applying an initial fertilizer sample to the navel orange tree at the soil sampling point, and earthing and watering after fertilization; soil parameters of the soil sampling points are periodically detected, whether the preparation process of the fertilizer is qualified or not is analyzed based on the soil parameters, reasons for disqualification of the preparation process of the fertilizer are analyzed when it is judged that the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified, and irrigation treatment or fertilizer dosage adjustment is conducted based on the determined reasons. The control accuracy of the fertilizer preparation process is improved by continuously monitoring, feeding back and adjusting the fertilizer preparation ratio after the fertilizer is used.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a fertilizer preparation method for navel orange orchard soil. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a typical subtropical evergreen fruit tree, the growth and development and fruit quality of navel orange are closely dependent on the physical and chemical properties of soil, especially the soil pore structure, acid-base balance and nutrient retention capacity. In the long-term planting process, the soil of navel orange orchard is prone to problems such as increase of bulk density, decrease of capillary porosity, acidification (decrease of pH value) and insufficient cation exchange capacity (CEC), which leads to poor soil aeration, weakened water and fertilizer retention capacity, and further affects root absorption efficiency, resulting in uneven coloring of fruit, reduction of sugar content and other quality decline phenomena. Traditional methods mostly use single fixed proportion of black carbon and nitrogen fertilizer combination, without considering the influence of different initial conditions of orchard soil (such as sand-clay ratio and initial porosity difference), resulting in large fluctuation of fertilizer effect.

[0003] Chinese patent application No. CN201610279592.4 discloses a method for improving orchard soil by using microbial fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: (1) plowing the orchard soil and applying biological organic fertilizer with an application amount of 1000-2000 kg / acre; during plowing, avoid turning the lower layer of soil onto the surface layer of soil; (2) using a rotary cultivator to rotary plow the orchard, and rake the soil finely and evenly. The present application can significantly improve the soil, reduce the soil salt content, reduce soil-borne diseases, increase the survival rate of seedlings to more than 80%, and improve the yield of crops. The method is simple and easy to use.

[0004] However, the prior art still has the following problems: Traditional methods mostly use single fixed proportion of black carbon and nitrogen fertilizer combination, without considering the influence of different initial conditions of orchard soil, resulting in large fluctuation of fertilizer effect. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the present application provides a fertilizer preparation method for navel orange orchard soil, which overcomes the problem of large fluctuation of fertilizer effect in the prior art due to the use of single fixed proportion of black carbon and nitrogen fertilizer combination in traditional methods without considering the influence of different initial conditions of orchard soil.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a fertilizer preparation method for navel orange orchard soil. The method comprises: Step S1, mixing and treating each group of initial proportion of black carbon, nitrogen fertilizer and conditioning agent to obtain an initial fertilizer sample, and sealing and storing for later use; Step S2, soil sampling of the target navel orange orchard, placing the initial soil sample into a sealed bag and marking the sampling position, depth and time, and measuring the initial soil parameters of the initial soil sample; Step S3, applying an initial fertilizer sample to the navel orange tree of the soil sampling point, covering and watering after fertilization; Step S4, periodically detecting soil parameters of the soil sampling point, and analyzing whether the preparation process of the fertilizer is qualified based on the soil parameters, and analyzing the reason why the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified when it is determined that the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified, and performing irrigation treatment or adjusting the amount of fertilizer based on the determined reason.

[0007] Further, in the step S4, whether the preparation process of the fertilizer is qualified is analyzed based on the soil parameters, including: Multi-point sampling to obtain a plurality of capillary porosities, and calculating an average capillary porosity, If the average capillary porosity is greater than or equal to a preset average capillary porosity, it is determined that the preparation process of the fertilizer is qualified; If the average capillary porosity is less than the preset average capillary porosity, it is determined that the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified, and the reason why the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified is analyzed based on the variance of the capillary porosity.

[0008] Further, the reason why the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified is analyzed based on the variance of the capillary porosity, including: determining a plurality of capillary porosities obtained by multi-point sampling, calculating the variance of the capillary porosity, If the variance is greater than or equal to a preset variance, it is determined that the reason why the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified is that the soil is unqualified, and irrigation treatment is performed; If the variance is less than the preset variance, it is determined that the reason why the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified is that the amount of fertilizer is unqualified, and the amount of fertilizer is adjusted based on the capillary porosity.

[0009] Further, the amount of fertilizer is adjusted based on the capillary porosity, including: calculating the difference between the preset average capillary porosity and the average capillary porosity to obtain a capillary porosity difference, and adjusting the amount of fertilizer based on the capillary porosity difference, wherein the increase range of the amount of fertilizer is positively correlated with the capillary porosity difference.

[0010] Further, when the adjustment of the amount of fertilizer is completed, the amount of fertilizer is corrected based on the cumulative use time of the fertilizer, wherein the decrease range of the amount of fertilizer is positively correlated with the cumulative use time.

[0011] Further, when the adjustment of the amount of fertilizer is completed, the capillary porosity is continuously monitored, the secondary adjustment amount of the fertilizer is determined based on the capillary porosity measured in the next detection cycle meeting the adjustment condition of the amount of fertilizer, and the adjustment method is determined based on the secondary adjustment amount, including: If the secondary adjustment amount of the fertilizer is greater than or equal to the preset adjustment amount, it is determined that the unqualified reason of the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified soil, and irrigation treatment is performed; If the secondary adjustment amount of the fertilizer is less than the preset adjustment amount, the use amount of the secondary adjusted fertilizer is determined.

[0012] Further, when it is determined that the unqualified reason of the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified soil and irrigation treatment is performed, the irrigation amount is determined based on the capillary porosity difference of the single point, and the irrigation amount is positively correlated with the capillary porosity difference.

[0013] Further, when the irrigation amount is determined, the irrigation amount is increased based on the use amount of the fertilizer, and the increase amount of the irrigation amount is positively correlated with the use amount of the fertilizer.

[0014] Further, the point with a porosity lower than the preset porosity is marked, the average distribution distance of the marked point is calculated, the irrigation amount of each marked point is corrected according to the distribution distance, and the correction amount of the irrigation amount of each marked point is negatively correlated with the distribution distance.

[0015] Further, when the irrigation amount is corrected, whether the preparation process of the fertilizer is qualified is determined based on the capillary porosity of the soil, and when the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified, it is determined that the proportioning of the fertilizer is unqualified, and a re-proportioning instruction is issued.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are that the present application can effectively avoid accidental errors of single-point sampling, reduce the interference of local abnormalities on the overall judgment, and more objectively reflect the physical performance of the overall fertilizer by comparing the average porosity with the preset value to judge the qualification, and accurately positioning the problem source by using the characteristics of variance reflecting the degree of data dispersion when the average capillary porosity is not up to standard.

[0017] Further, the present application clearly divides the unqualified reasons into two categories of unqualified soil and unqualified fertilizer use amount by comparing the variance with the preset variance, avoiding the ambiguity of traditional experience judgment, when the variance is greater than or equal to the preset variance, directly pointing to the soil defects (such as local compaction, uneven particle composition, etc. congenital problems), which is irrelevant to the uniformity of fertilizer application; when the variance is less than the preset variance, it is determined that the fertilizer use amount or proportioning problem is unqualified, because the overall porosity is low and the spatial distribution is uniform, reflecting that the fertilizer effect is not up to expectation; for unqualified soil, irrigation treatment is adopted, which directly acts on the soil defects; for unqualified fertilizer use amount, the use amount is adjusted based on the capillary porosity to realize on-demand adjustment and accurately compensate for the insufficient fertilizer effect.

[0018] Furthermore, the present invention directly links the increase in fertilizer dosage through the capillary porosity difference, and clearly shows that the increase is positively correlated with the porosity difference. The larger the porosity difference (the more the actual value is lower than the preset value), the more the fertilizer dosage increases, accurately compensating for the insufficient water retention and ventilation capacity of the soil; the smaller the porosity difference, the less the dosage increases, avoiding resource waste or soil pollution caused by excessive fertilization. The first proportional coefficient is tested through 5 groups of different coefficients + effects under the same conditions, and the optimal range is screened with the standard of the adjusted deviation being less than or equal to 2%, to ensure the practical effectiveness of the coefficient; combined with field data for more than 3 years, a coefficient-porosity difference-improvement effect ternary regression model is established, and the least squares method is used to fit the optimal solution to make the coefficient adapt to different scenarios.

[0019] Furthermore, the present invention corrects the dosage by accumulating usage time, and clearly states that the reduction amplitude is positively correlated with the accumulative usage time, fully considering the continuous action characteristics of the fertilizer in the soil. As the accumulative usage time increases, the fertilizer components in the soil may gradually accumulate (such as nutrient residues and superposition of improvement effects). At this time, appropriately reducing the dosage can avoid soil structure imbalance caused by excessive accumulation (such as pore blockage and deterioration of physical and chemical properties); when the accumulative usage time is short, the reduction amplitude is small, ensuring the stability of the early improvement effect; this dynamic correction logic enables the fertilizer dosage to meet the soil improvement needs, and adapt to the cumulative effect of long-term application, realizing "demand-based reduction" and improving the sustainability of fertilization.

[0020] Furthermore, the present invention establishes an accurate feedback mechanism by continuously monitoring the capillary porosity and making secondary adjustments based on the data of the next cycle. When the porosity of the next cycle still does not meet the standard and meets the dosage adjustment conditions, the secondary adjustment amount is calculated to determine whether the strategy needs to be adjusted, thereby avoiding the limitations of a single adjustment. For improvement effects that do not meet expectations, the original adjustment method is not blindly repeated. Instead, the threshold value of the secondary adjustment amount is used to determine whether to continue optimizing the dosage or switch to soil treatment, ensuring that each step of adjustment can solve the problem in a targeted manner. This closed-loop logic enables the soil improvement effect to be continuously tracked and optimized, reducing the need for a single adjustment. The secondary adjustment amount can be used to identify the rebound of effects or ineffective inputs caused by the secondary adjustment amount; by comparing the secondary adjustment amount with the preset adjustment amount, the problem type can be further refined. When the secondary adjustment amount is greater than or equal to the preset adjustment amount, the soil is judged to be unqualified, indicating that even if the fertilizer dosage is continuously increased, it is difficult to improve the situation, and the core problem lies in the soil structure itself; when the secondary adjustment amount is less than the preset adjustment amount, the dosage is continued to be adjusted secondary, indicating that the problem can still be solved by optimizing the fertilizer dosage. This secondary distinction based on the adjustment amount threshold is more accurate than a single analysis, avoiding the misjudgment of soil problems as fertilizer problems, or vice versa, greatly improving the targeted problem solving.

[0021] Furthermore, the present invention determines the irrigation amount by the difference in capillary porosity of a single point. The more points where the capillary porosity is far lower than the preset value, the greater the irrigation amount, which can focus on solving local soil structure problems; for points with smaller differences, the irrigation amount is appropriately reduced to avoid excessive irrigation resulting in excessive moisture and reduced soil permeability.

[0022] Furthermore, the present invention increases the irrigation amount simultaneously with the increase in fertilizer usage, which can promote the dissolution, diffusion and conversion of fertilizer in the soil, and avoid local soil osmotic pressure imbalance caused by excessive fertilizer concentration; the simultaneous supplementation of water can enhance the fluidity of nutrients in the soil, improve the root system's absorption efficiency of fertilizer, and make the fertilizer play a more full role. This collaborative logic avoids the imbalance problem of too much fertilizer and too little water or too much water and too little fertilizer, allowing fertilizer and water resources to form a synergy and improve overall utilization efficiency.

[0023] Furthermore, the present invention achieves precise control of spatial dimensions by calculating the average distribution distance of the marked points and correcting the irrigation amount based on this. When the marked points are densely distributed, it means that the soil problem area is concentrated. At this time, the correction amount increases the irrigation amount, which can strengthen local improvement efforts and avoid incomplete improvement in dense areas due to mutual influence; when the marked points are sparsely distributed, the correction amount appropriately reduces the irrigation amount to avoid waste of resources caused by excessive irrigation in scattered areas. After the irrigation amount is corrected, a secondary judgment is made based on whether the average capillary porosity meets the standard. If it still does not meet the standard, it is directly judged as unqualified fertilizer ratio; it avoids misjudging fertilizer formula defects as soil or dosage problems. When the secondary judgment is that the ratio is unqualified, a readjustment instruction is issued, which directly links the field application effect with the fertilizer production link, so that formula optimization has a clear data basis, avoids waste of resources and soil burden caused by continuous application of unqualified fertilizers, improves fertilizer quality from the source, and reduces subsequent improvement costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to the present invention; Figure 2 A flow chart for analyzing whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified; Figure 3 A flow chart for analyzing the reasons for failure in the fertilizer preparation process; Figure 4 This is a flow chart for determining the adjustment method based on the secondary adjustment amount. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0026] It should be noted that the data in the embodiment are obtained by comprehensive analysis and evaluation of historical data and corresponding historical determination results of 6 months before the present determination by the system of the present application. Those skilled in the art can understand that the determination mode of the system of the present application for a single parameter can be selecting the value with the highest proportion as the preset standard parameter according to the data distribution, using weighted summation to obtain the value as the preset standard parameter, substituting each historical data into a specific formula and using the value obtained by the formula as the preset standard parameter, or other selection modes, as long as the system of the present application can clearly define different specific situations in the single determination process through the obtained value.

[0027] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0028] It should be noted that in the description of the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the direction or positional relationship terms based on the direction or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0029] In addition, it should also be noted that in the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection" and "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown in the flowchart of the method for preparing the fertilizer for the soil of the navel orange orchard.

[0031] The method for preparing the fertilizer for the soil of the navel orange orchard provided in the embodiment comprises: Step S1, mixing and processing each group of initial proportioned black carbon, nitrogen fertilizer and conditioner to obtain an initial fertilizer sample, and sealing and storing for later use; Step S2, soil sampling of the target navel orange orchard, loading the initial soil sample into a sealed bag and marking the sampling position, depth and time, and determining the initial soil parameters of the initial soil sample; Step S3, applying the initial fertilizer sample to the navel orange tree at the soil sampling point, and covering the soil and watering after fertilization; In step S4, the soil parameters of the soil sampling points are periodically detected, and whether the preparation process of the fertilizer is qualified is analyzed based on the soil parameters, and the reason why the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified is analyzed when it is determined that the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified, irrigation treatment or adjustment of the amount of the fertilizer is performed based on the determined reason.

[0032] The initial soil parameters in the embodiment of the application include, but are not limited to, "soil bulk density, soil capillary porosity, pH and CEC", and the soil sampling of the target navel orange orchard includes adopting an "S" shaped point distribution method to distribute the sampling points in the target navel orange orchard, the number of the points is determined according to the area of the orchard, generally 10-15 sampling points are arranged in every 5 mu of the orchard, and the sampling points need to avoid special areas such as the edge of the orchard, the directly below the tree pit and the fertilization ditch, at each sampling point, a soil drill with a diameter of 5 cm is used to sample at two levels of 0-20 cm (tillage layer) and 20-40 cm (subtillage layer), when sampling, the surface layer of dry branches, leaves and weeds are removed, and then the drill is vertically lowered, and the amount of soil taken at each level is controlled to be 200-300 g. The soil samples at the same level are placed in a clean plastic pot, the soil blocks are crushed by hand, and the impurities such as stones, roots and insect bodies are removed; after the sampling is completed, the soil samples are divided by four: the mixed soil samples are poured on a clean plastic cloth, spread into a circular shape with uniform thickness, the soil is divided into four parts along two mutually perpendicular diameters, two opposite parts are discarded, the remaining two parts are mixed uniformly, and the above operation is repeated until the weight of the soil samples is divided to about 500 g; the divided soil samples are packed in a polyethylene sealed bag, a label is attached outside the bag, and the information such as the sampling point number, sampling depth, sampling date, orchard name and geographical position is marked, and the basic conditions of each sampling point such as soil color, texture and vegetation coverage are recorded in detail on the sampling record table; after the sampling is completed, the soil samples should be taken back to the laboratory in time, if the samples cannot be measured immediately, the samples need to be stored in a 4℃ refrigerator, and the storage time should not exceed 7 days, so as to avoid the change of soil microbial activity and chemical properties and affect the measurement results of the initial soil parameters.

[0033] The period in the embodiment of the present application (which can be determined according to the soil characteristics, for example, the soil characteristics: for clay soil (clay content ratio ≥ 30%, sand content ratio ≤ 20%, silt content ratio 50%-70%. The soil particle composition is determined by the screening method or the specific gravity method, and when the clay content meets the above range, it can be preliminarily determined as clay soil), due to its fine and dense texture, the fertilizer effect is slow, and the detection period can be appropriately extended, such as 15 days, 20 days, 30 days as the detection node; the sandy soil texture is loose, and the fertilizer effect is fast, and the detection node can be encrypted, such as 7 days, 15 days, 30 days) detects the soil parameters of the soil sampling point, according to the same "S" shaped point distribution method as step S2, the original sampling point is sampled again, to ensure that the sampling position and depth are consistent with the initial sampling, after removing impurities such as dead branches, leaves, roots and stones, the four-part method is used to divide to 300g, and then it is packed into a polyethylene sealed bag, and the detection period, sampling point number, depth and date are marked. The soil bulk density is determined by the cutting ring method, the undisturbed soil sample is packed into a cutting ring with a known volume, and the dry soil weight per unit volume is calculated after weighing, and the average value is obtained by repeating 3 times. The soil capillary porosity is determined by the tension meter method, and the percentage of the capillary pore volume to the total soil volume is recorded, which reflects the water retention and ventilation capacity of the soil. The pH value is determined by preparing a soil suspension according to the water-soil ratio of 1:2.5, using a precision pH meter, the accuracy is controlled within ±0.01, and the soil acid-base state is accurately reflected. The CEC (cation exchange capacity) is determined by the ammonium acetate exchange method, and the total amount of soil adsorbed exchangeable cations is determined to evaluate the soil fertility retention capacity. Each parameter is measured repeatedly 3 times, and the average value is taken as the detection value of the sampling point in this period.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 2 as shown in the drawing, which is a judgment flow chart for analyzing whether the preparation process of the fertilizer is qualified.

[0035] Specifically, in step S4, whether the preparation process of the fertilizer is qualified is analyzed based on the soil parameters, which includes: multiple point sampling to obtain a plurality of capillary porosities, and calculating an average capillary porosity, if the average capillary porosity is greater than or equal to a preset average capillary porosity, it is determined that the preparation process of the fertilizer is qualified; if the average capillary porosity is less than the preset average capillary porosity, it is determined that the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified, and the reason why the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified is analyzed based on the variance of the capillary porosity.

[0036] The preset average capillary porosity in the embodiment of the present application can be based on the allocation ratio and the amount of the waste material components to construct a time-preset average capillary porosity curve, and the current detection time node is substituted into the curve to obtain the preset average capillary porosity, but the above-mentioned values are not limited thereto, and a person skilled in the art can modify them according to actual conditions.

[0037] The present application can effectively avoid the accidental error of single-point sampling, reduce the interference of local anomalies on the overall judgment, judge the eligibility based on the comparison between the average porosity and the preset value, and more objectively reflect the overall physical performance of the fertilizer. When the average capillary porosity is not up to standard, the reason can be analyzed through the variance of the capillary porosity, the variance can reflect the data dispersion degree, and the problem source can be accurately located.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 3 It is a judgment flow chart for analyzing the unqualified reasons of the preparation process of the fertilizer.

[0039] Specifically, the variance analysis of the capillary porosity based on the unqualified reasons of the preparation process of the fertilizer includes: determining a plurality of capillary porosities obtained by multi-point sampling, calculating the variance of the capillary porosity, if the variance is greater than or equal to a preset variance, it is determined that the unqualified reason of the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified soil, and irrigation treatment is performed; if the variance is less than the preset variance, it is determined that the unqualified reason of the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified amount of fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer is adjusted based on the capillary porosity.

[0040] The preset variance in the embodiment of the present application can be obtained by collecting capillary porosity detection data for three consecutive years under the same soil type and the same fertilization scheme, calculating the average value of the variance of each period, and taking the average value of the variance as the preset variance, but the above-mentioned values are not limited thereto, and a person skilled in the art can modify them according to actual conditions.

[0041] It can be understood that the variance of capillary porosity directly reflects the difference degree of the soil water retention and ventilation capacity of different points in the orchard, and the larger the variance, the more violent the capillary porosity value fluctuates, reflecting that the soil physical structure has significant spatial heterogeneity, which is usually caused by the inherent defects of the soil itself, such as local compaction, clay particle aggregation or sand particle enrichment, which is irrelevant to the uniform application of fertilizer. Even if the amount of fertilizer is consistent, the difference in the physical and chemical properties of the soil itself will lead to uneven distribution of porosity; the smaller the variance, the more concentrated the capillary porosity values of each point (such as between 25%-28%), indicating that the soil physical structure is overall uniform, but the overall value is lower than the preset value, which excludes the spatial difference of the soil itself, and more likely is that the overall effect is not good due to insufficient or improper fertilizer amount, because the uniformity of fertilizer action will make the porosity present a synchronous low feature in space.

[0042] The present application clearly divides the unqualified reasons into two categories of soil unqualified and fertilizer amount unqualified by comparing the variance with the preset variance, avoiding the ambiguity of traditional experience judgment. When the variance is greater than or equal to the preset variance, it directly points to the defects of the soil itself (such as local compaction, uneven particle composition and other inherent problems), which is irrelevant to the uniformity of fertilizer application; when the variance is less than the preset variance, it is determined as a problem of fertilizer amount or ratio, because the overall porosity is low and the spatial distribution is uniform, reflecting that the fertilizer action does not meet the expectation; for soil unqualified, irrigation treatment is adopted to directly act on the defects of the soil itself; for fertilizer amount unqualified, the amount of fertilizer is adjusted based on the capillary porosity to realize on-demand adjustment and accurately compensate for the insufficient fertilizer action.

[0043] Specifically, the amount of fertilizer is adjusted based on the capillary porosity, comprising: The difference between the preset average capillary porosity and the average capillary porosity is calculated to obtain a capillary porosity difference, and the amount of fertilizer is adjusted based on the capillary porosity difference, wherein the increase range of the amount of fertilizer is positively correlated with the capillary porosity difference.

[0044] The increase range of the amount of fertilizer in the embodiment of the present application is the product of a first proportion coefficient and the capillary porosity difference, and the first proportion coefficient can be determined by the following method: setting 5 different first proportion coefficients, measuring the improvement effect of capillary porosity after adjusting the amount of fertilizer under the condition of the same soil type and the same porosity difference, and selecting the optimal coefficient range with the standard of "the deviation of the adjusted porosity from the preset value is less than or equal to 2%"; collecting field test data for more than 3 years to establish a ternary regression model of "first proportion coefficient-porosity difference-improvement effect", and obtaining the optimal solution of the coefficient under different scenarios by least square fitting; but the above values are not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can modify them according to the actual situation.

[0045] The application directly correlates the increase range of the fertilizer amount with the capillary porosity difference, and clearly shows that the greater the porosity difference (the more the actual value is lower than the preset value), the more the fertilizer amount increases, and the deficiency of the soil water retention and ventilation capacity is precisely compensated; the smaller the porosity difference, the less the amount increases, and the resource waste or soil pollution caused by excessive fertilization is avoided, the first proportional coefficient is screened in the optimal range by taking the effect test under the same condition of 5 different coefficients as the standard to ensure the practical effectiveness of the coefficient, and the ternary regression model of the coefficient-porosity difference-improvement effect is established combined with the field data of more than 3 years to adapt the coefficient to different scenes by using the least square method to fit the optimal solution.

[0046] Specifically, when the amount of the fertilizer is adjusted, the amount of the fertilizer is corrected based on the cumulative use time length of the fertilizer, and the decrease range of the amount of the fertilizer is positively correlated with the cumulative use time length.

[0047] The decrease range of the amount of the fertilizer in the embodiment of the application is the product of the second proportional coefficient and the cumulative use time length of the fertilizer, the cumulative use time length of the fertilizer is the time length from the time point when the first fertilization operation is completed to the time point when the amount of the fertilizer is initially adjusted, and the second proportional coefficient can be determined by the following method: selecting plots of the same soil type, setting 5 different second proportional coefficients, measuring the capillary porosity change after the amount correction under the same cumulative use time length, and screening the coefficient range of the corrected porosity increase range that is stable and does not exceed the preset threshold; collecting test data of 3 growth seasons to establish a binary regression equation of the second proportional coefficient-cumulative time length-porosity increase range, and determining the optimal coefficient value in different scenes through iterative calculation; but the above value is not limited thereto, and a person skilled in the art can modify it according to the actual situation.

[0048] The application corrects the amount based on the cumulative use time length, and clearly shows that the decrease range is positively correlated with the cumulative time length, fully considers the sustained action characteristics of the fertilizer in the soil, and appropriately reduces the amount when the cumulative use time length increases, so as to avoid the soil structure imbalance (such as pore blockage and deterioration of physical and chemical properties) caused by excessive accumulation; when the cumulative time length is short, the decrease range is small, and the stability of the early improvement effect is ensured; this dynamic correction logic makes the fertilizer amount meet the soil improvement demand and adapt to the cumulative effect of long-term application, realizes "decreasing on demand", and improves the sustainability of fertilization.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 4 as shown in the drawing, which is a determination flow chart of determining the adjustment mode based on the secondary adjustment amount.

[0050] Specifically, when the adjustment of the amount of fertilizer is completed, the capillary porosity is continuously monitored, the secondary adjustment amount of the fertilizer is determined based on the capillary porosity measured in the next detection cycle meeting the adjustment condition of the amount of fertilizer, and the adjustment mode is determined based on the secondary adjustment amount, comprising: If the secondary adjustment amount of the fertilizer is greater than or equal to the preset adjustment amount, it is determined that the unqualified reason of the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified soil, and irrigation treatment is performed. If the secondary adjustment amount of the fertilizer is less than the preset adjustment amount, the amount of the secondary adjusted fertilizer is adjusted.

[0051] In the embodiment of the application, the adjustment condition of the amount of fertilizer is that the capillary porosity measured in the next detection cycle is less than the preset average capillary porosity and the variance of the capillary porosity measured in the next detection cycle is less than the preset variance. The preset adjustment amount can be determined by the following method: collecting secondary adjustment cases of the same soil type and the same fertilizer formula for more than 3 years, calculating the minimum value of the secondary adjustment amount when it is determined as the soil reason in each adjustment, and taking it as the preset adjustment amount. However, the above value is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can modify it according to the actual situation.

[0052] The application continuously monitors the capillary porosity and performs secondary adjustment based on the data of the next cycle, thereby constructing a precise feedback mechanism. When the porosity of the next cycle still does not meet the standard and meets the adjustment condition of the amount of fertilizer, whether the adjustment strategy needs to be adjusted is determined by calculating the secondary adjustment amount, thereby avoiding the limitation of single adjustment. For the unanticipated improvement effect, instead of blindly repeating the original adjustment mode, the threshold value of the secondary adjustment amount is used to determine whether to continue to optimize the amount or switch to soil treatment, thereby ensuring that each step of adjustment can solve the problem in a targeted manner. This closed-loop logic enables continuous tracking and optimization of soil improvement effect, reduces the effect rebound or ineffective investment caused by one-time adjustment, and further refines the problem type by comparing the secondary adjustment amount with the preset adjustment amount. When the secondary adjustment amount is greater than or equal to the preset adjustment amount, it is determined that the soil is unqualified, which means that even if the amount of fertilizer is continuously increased, it is difficult to improve, and the core problem is in the soil structure itself. When the secondary adjustment amount is less than the preset adjustment amount, the amount of the secondary adjusted fertilizer is continuously adjusted, which means that the problem can still be solved by optimizing the amount of fertilizer. This secondary differentiation based on the threshold value of the adjustment amount is more accurate than single analysis, thereby avoiding misjudgment of soil problems as fertilizer problems or vice versa, and greatly improving the targeting of problem solving.

[0053] Specifically, when it is determined that the unqualified reason of the preparation process of the fertilizer is unqualified soil and irrigation treatment is performed, the irrigation amount is determined based on the capillary porosity difference of a single point, and the irrigation amount is positively correlated with the capillary porosity difference.

[0054] The irrigation amount in the embodiment of the present application is the sum of the basic irrigation amount and the product of the third proportional coefficient and the difference between the capillary porosity, the basic irrigation amount can be determined by the following method, the field capacity of the target orchard soil is determined by the cutting ring method (denoted as θ, unit: %), the basic irrigation amount reference value is calculated according to the following formula: basic irrigation amount reference value = 0.6 x θ x V soil x 1000; wherein: 0.6 is an empirical coefficient, representing the lower limit of the soil moisture content (i.e. 60% of the field capacity) for maintaining the normal water absorption of navel orange root system; V soil is the soil volume per unit area (0-40cm deep, taking 0.4m³ / m²); multiplying by 1000 is to convert the volume unit from m³ to L; for example, if the field capacity of the soil is θ = 30%, the basic irrigation amount reference value is 0.6 x 30% x 0.4 x 1000 = 72L / m², that is, the soil moisture content is ensured to be not less than 60% of the field capacity; the determination method of the third proportional coefficient is the same as that of the first proportional coefficient and the second proportional coefficient, which will not be repeated here, but the above values are not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can modify them according to actual conditions.

[0055] The present application determines the irrigation amount by the difference in capillary porosity of a single point, the more the point whose capillary porosity is far lower than the preset value, the greater the irrigation amount, which can solve the local soil structure problem; for the point with small difference, the irrigation amount is appropriately reduced to avoid excessive irrigation leading to soil aeration decline caused by excessive water.

[0056] Specifically, when the irrigation amount is determined, the irrigation amount is increased based on the amount of fertilizer, and the increase in the irrigation amount is positively correlated with the amount of fertilizer.

[0057] The increase in the irrigation amount in the embodiment of the present application is the product of the fourth proportional coefficient and the amount of fertilizer, and the determination method of the fourth proportional coefficient is the same as that of the first proportional coefficient and the second proportional coefficient, which will not be repeated here, but the above values are not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can modify them according to actual conditions.

[0058] When the amount of fertilizer is increased, the irrigation amount is also increased in the present application, which can promote the dissolution, diffusion and transformation of the fertilizer in the soil, avoid the imbalance of local soil osmotic pressure caused by excessive concentration of the fertilizer, and the simultaneous replenishment of water can enhance the mobility of nutrients in the soil, improve the absorption efficiency of the root system to the fertilizer, make the fertilizer play a more sufficient role, and this synergistic logic avoids the imbalance problem of too much fertilizer and too little water or too much water and too little fertilizer, so that the fertilizer and water resources form a combined force to improve the overall utilization efficiency.

[0059] Specifically, the point whose porosity is lower than the preset porosity is marked, and the average distribution distance of the marked points is calculated, the irrigation amount of each marked point is corrected according to the distribution distance, and the correction amount of the irrigation amount of each marked point is negatively correlated with the distribution distance.

[0060] The correction amount of the irrigation amount of each marker point in the embodiment of the present application is - (fifth proportional coefficient x (1 / average distribution distance)) x 100%, and the determination method of the fifth proportional coefficient is the same as that of the first proportional coefficient and the second proportional coefficient, which will not be repeated here. However, the above values are not limited thereto, and a person skilled in the art can modify them according to the actual situation.

[0061] Specifically, when the irrigation amount correction is completed, it is determined whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified based on the capillary porosity of the soil, and when the fertilizer preparation process is not qualified, it is determined that the proportioning of the fertilizer is not qualified, and a re-proportioning instruction is issued.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified based on the capillary porosity of the soil includes that when the average capillary porosity of the soil after the irrigation amount correction is completed is less than the preset average capillary porosity, it is determined that the preparation process of the fertilizer is not qualified.

[0063] The present application realizes accurate control of the spatial dimension by calculating the average distribution distance of the marker points and correcting the irrigation amount based thereon. When the marker points are densely distributed, it indicates that the soil problem area is concentrated, at this time, the correction amount increases the irrigation amount, which can strengthen the local improvement effort and avoid incomplete improvement in the densely distributed area due to mutual influence. When the marker points are sparsely distributed, the correction amount appropriately reduces the irrigation amount to avoid resource waste caused by excessive irrigation in the dispersed area. After the irrigation amount correction, it is determined whether the average capillary porosity meets the standard, if not, it is directly determined that the proportioning of the fertilizer is not qualified. This avoids misjudgment of the fertilizer formula defect as a soil or dosage problem. When the second determination is that the proportioning is not qualified, a re-proportioning instruction is issued, which directly relates the field application effect to the fertilizer production link, so that the formula optimization has clear data basis, avoids resource waste and soil burden caused by continuous use of unqualified fertilizer, improves the quality of fertilizer from the source, and reduces the subsequent improvement cost.

[0064] The technical solutions of the present application have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but a person skilled in the art can easily understand that the protection scope of the present application is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. A person skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or replacements to the related technical features without departing from the principles of the present application, and the technical solutions after the changes or replacements will fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0065] The above description is only the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application; for those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and variations, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil, characterized in that: include: Step S1, mixing the carbon black, nitrogen fertilizer and conditioner in the initial proportions of each group to obtain an initial fertilizer sample, and sealing and storing the sample for later use; Step S2, sampling soil from the target navel orange orchard, placing the initial soil sample into a sealed bag and marking the sampling position, depth, and time, and measuring initial soil parameters of the initial soil sample; Step S3, applying an initial fertilizer sample to the navel orange tree at the soil sampling point, covering the soil and watering the tree after fertilization; Step S4: periodically detect soil parameters at soil sampling points, and analyze whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified based on the soil parameters. If the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be unqualified, analyze the reasons for the unqualified fertilizer preparation process, and perform irrigation treatment or adjust the amount of fertilizer based on the determined reasons.

2. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, analyzing whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified based on the soil parameters includes: Multi-point sampling is used to obtain several capillary porosities and calculate the average capillary porosity. If the average capillary porosity is greater than or equal to the preset average capillary porosity, the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be qualified; If the average capillary porosity is less than the preset average capillary porosity, it is determined that the fertilizer preparation process is unqualified, and the reason why the fertilizer preparation process is unqualified is analyzed based on the variance of the capillary porosity.

3. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reasons why the fertilizer preparation process based on the variance analysis of capillary porosity is unqualified include: Determine the capillary porosity of several samples obtained at multiple points. Calculate the variance of capillary porosity, If the variance is greater than or equal to the preset variance, it is determined that the reason for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process is that the soil is unqualified, and irrigation treatment is performed; If the variance is less than the preset variance, it is determined that the reason why the fertilizer preparation process is unqualified is that the amount of fertilizer is unqualified, and the amount of fertilizer is adjusted based on the capillary porosity.

4. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of adjusting the amount of fertilizer based on capillary porosity comprises: The difference between the preset average capillary porosity and the average capillary porosity is calculated to obtain a capillary porosity difference, and the amount of fertilizer is adjusted based on the capillary porosity difference, wherein the increase in the amount of fertilizer is positively correlated with the capillary porosity difference.

5. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the fertilizer dosage is adjusted, the fertilizer dosage is corrected based on the accumulated usage time of the fertilizer, wherein the reduction in the fertilizer dosage is positively correlated with the accumulated usage time.

6. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the fertilizer dosage adjustment is completed, the capillary porosity is continuously monitored, and a secondary adjustment amount of the fertilizer is determined based on whether the capillary porosity measured in the next detection period meets the fertilizer dosage adjustment condition, and an adjustment method is determined based on the secondary adjustment amount, including: If the secondary adjustment amount of the fertilizer is greater than or equal to the preset adjustment amount, it is determined that the reason for the unqualified fertilizer preparation process is that the soil is unqualified, and irrigation treatment is performed; If the secondary adjustment amount of the fertilizer is less than the preset adjustment amount, the amount of the fertilizer is adjusted secondary.

7. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 6, characterized in that: When it is determined that the reason for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process is unqualified soil and irrigation treatment is performed, the irrigation amount is determined based on the capillary porosity difference at a single point, and the irrigation amount is positively correlated with the capillary porosity difference.

8. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the watering amount is determined, the watering amount is increased based on the amount of fertilizer used, and the increase in the watering amount is positively correlated with the amount of fertilizer used.

9. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: Mark points where the porosity is lower than the preset porosity, calculate the average distribution distance of the marked points, and correct the irrigation amount of each marked point according to the distribution distance, wherein the correction amount of the irrigation amount of each marked point is negatively correlated with the distribution distance.

10. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the irrigation amount correction is completed, the fertilizer preparation process is secondarily judged based on the capillary porosity of the soil to determine whether it is qualified. If the fertilizer preparation process is unqualified, the fertilizer ratio is judged to be unqualified and a re-allocation instruction is issued.

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