Mine greening method

Abstract

The invention relates to a mine regreening method which comprises the following steps: S1, investigating the vegetation growth condition in the surrounding environment of a regreening object area, and determining the vegetation type ratio of the regreening object area according to the vegetation growth condition in the surrounding environment; and S2, the regreening object area is trimmed, and the trimming content comprises the steps of cleaning pumice stones in the side slope area in the regreening object area and conducting topsoil backfilling on the open stope area in the regreening object area. And S3, the side slope area is covered with a metal net. And S4, mixing vegetation seeds, a seed adhesive agent, plant fibers, a fertilizer and water to form slurry, and spraying and sowing the slurry in the regreening object area. S5, covering the surface of the slurry with non-woven fabric, and removing the non-woven fabric after the vegetation seeds grow into seedlings. And S6, carrying out regular maintenance on the vegetation in the regreening object area. The mine regreening method has the advantages of being high in anti-scouring capacity and high in regreening success rate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of assembly process, in particular to a mine re-greening method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of national economy, the construction of buildings and highways requires a large amount of ore, and mines are mined in large quantities according to the development needs. After mining, the mine will cause changes in the address environment. Therefore, in order to reduce the impact of ore mining on the natural environment, ecological restoration, i.e. mine re-greening project, is needed after mining.

[0003] In an existing re-greening method, soil is mainly covered on the surface of abandoned mines, and then vegetation is sown on the soil layer. However, in some southern regions, due to the large amount of rain, the soil layer is easily washed away by rain before the root system of the vegetation is completely combined with the soil and rock layer. After the soil in the slope area of the mine is washed away, it flows into the open pit area, and at the same time, the accumulated soil damages the vegetation in the open pit area, and thus the vegetation in the entire mine area is damaged, and the re-greening success rate is low. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a mine re-greening method which has strong rainwater erosion resistance and high re-greening success rate.

[0005] To achieve this purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0006] The present application provides a mine re-greening method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step S1, investigating the vegetation growth in the surrounding environment of the re-greening object area, and determining the vegetation type ratio of the re-greening object area according to the vegetation growth in the surrounding environment;

[0008] Step S2, modifying the re-greening object area, and the modification content includes cleaning the floating stones in the slope area of the re-greening object area, and backfilling the topsoil in the open pit area of the re-greening object area;

[0009] Step S3, covering a metal mesh on the slope area;

[0010] Step S4, mixing vegetation seeds, seed adhesives, plant fibers, fertilizers and water into a slurry, and spraying the slurry on the re-greening object area, and mixing mud into the slurry when spraying the slope area.

[0011] Step S5, covering non-woven fabric on the surface of the slurry, and removing the non-woven fabric after the vegetation seeds grow into seedlings;

[0012] Step S6, regularly maintaining the vegetation in the re-greening object area.

[0013] Further, in step S2, after the floatstone is cleaned, platforms in a ladder shape are excavated along the slope direction in the slope region, and the open pit region is trimmed into a shape of a gentle slope surface with a high middle and a low periphery.

[0014] Further, the distance between two adjacent platforms along the slope direction is 30-50 cm, and the width of the platform is 15-30 cm.

[0015] Further, in step S2, the thickness of the topsoil backfill in the open pit region is 15-25 cm.

[0016] Further, in step S4, the amount of the vegetation seeds sprayed in the slope region is greater than that in the open pit region, and the vegetation seeds include at least one of the following: Cynodon dactylon, Ampelopsis japonica, St. Augustine grass and rye grass.

[0017] Further, the proportion of the vegetation seeds is: 50% of Cynodon dactylon, 20% of Ampelopsis japonica, 20% of St. Augustine grass and 10% of rye grass.

[0018] Further, in step S4, a vine plant and a tree are planted in the joint region of the slope region and the open pit region, and the planting distance of the tree is 2-3 m.

[0019] Further, in step S5, the non-woven fabric is intermittently uncovered during the growth of the vegetation.

[0020] Further, in step S6, the vegetation loss in the slope region is periodically checked, and the vegetation turf in the open pit region is collected and transplanted to the loss position in the slope region.

[0021] Further, the method further comprises step S7, environment monitoring of the re-greening object region.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present application compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0023] The mine re-greening method of the present application determines the vegetation species of the re-greening object region by investigating the vegetation growth in the surrounding environment of the re-greening object region, so that the planted vegetation can well adapt to the environment and improve the survival rate of the vegetation. By cleaning the floatstone in the slope region, covering the metal net in the slope region and backfilling the topsoil in the open pit region, on the one hand, the risk of mudslide in the slope region is reduced and the erosion resistance is improved, and on the other hand, the survival rate of the vegetation in the open pit region is improved. By using the non-woven fabric to cover the slurry, the germination and growth of the vegetation are promoted. Therefore, the mine re-greening method has the characteristics of strong erosion resistance and high re-greening success rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0025] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a greening target area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a greening target area according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a partial schematic diagram of the slope area of ​​an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of tree planting according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] In the picture:

[0030] 1. Slope area; 11. Platform; 2. Open pit area; 3. Trees; 4. Metal mesh; 5. Anchors; 6. Base fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a mine reforestation method for use in abandoned mine reforestation projects. After mining, a steep slope area 1 and a relatively flat open pit area 2 are formed in the mined area. The slope area 1 and the open pit area 2 constitute the reforestation target area. The mine reforestation method includes the following steps:

[0033] Step S1, investigate the vegetation growth in the surrounding environment of the regreening target area, and determine the vegetation species ratio in the regreening target area according to the vegetation production in the surrounding environment. Vegetation growth is greatly affected by factors such as geographical longitude and latitude, soil composition, and rainfall. For the selection of vegetation species in the regreening target area, the vegetation species in the surrounding environment can be directly referenced. The ratio of various vegetation species is also matched with the vegetation growth in the surrounding environment, and the ratio of vegetation species is adjusted according to the survival rate of various plants. Since the soil in the regreening target area is less, the vegetation in the regreening target area is mainly selected from herbs, climbing plants and shrubs that are easy to survive and suitable for dense growth. Taking the geographical environment of Fangchenggang, Guangxi as an example, the vegetation species that can be selected in the regreening target area in this area include Bermuda grass, kudzu, broadleaf grass, ryegrass, etc.

[0034] Step S2, the green object area is trimmed, and the trimming content includes cleaning the floatstone in the slope area 1 in the green object area, and topsoil backfilling is performed on the open-pit area 2 in the green object area. The floatstone in the slope area 1 is prone to cause debris flow under rainwater erosion, and has a relatively large damage to the vegetation. Therefore, the floatstone in the slope area 1 needs to be cleaned to reduce the damage risk of debris flow. The open-pit area 2 has a relatively flat terrain, and therefore the topsoil backfilling is performed on the open-pit area 2 to provide better soil conditions for the vegetation growth.

[0035] In an optional embodiment, after the floatstone in the slope area 1 is cleaned, a plurality of platforms 11 in a stepped distribution are excavated along the slope direction in the slope area 1. By excavating a plurality of platforms 11 in the slope area 1 and making the platforms 11 in a stepped distribution, the slope area 1 has relatively horizontal platforms 11, which is beneficial to the adhesion of the vegetation and improves the water storage performance of the slope area 1, and is beneficial to the growth of the vegetation. Along the slope direction, the interval between two adjacent platforms 11 is 30-50 cm, and the width of the platform 11 is 15-30 cm. The open-pit area 2 is relatively flat, and the cleaned floatstone can be stacked in the open-pit area 2, and the low-lying area in the open-pit area 2 is filled by the floatstone. The open-pit area 2 is also modified to trim the open-pit area 2 into a gentle slope surface shape with a high middle and a low periphery, which is beneficial to the drainage of the area to promote the growth of the vegetation. After the trimming, the topsoil is backfilled in the open-pit area 2, and the thickness of the topsoil backfilling is 15-25 cm.

[0036] Step S3, a metal net 4 is arranged on the slope area 1. By arranging the metal net 4 on the slope area 1, the slope area 1 can be protected from the debris flow. On the other hand, it is beneficial to the adhesion of the vegetation, and the root system of the vegetation can grow in the gap between the metal net 4 and the rock layer of the slope area 1. The metal net 4 is fixed in the rock layer of the slope area 1 by an anchor 5.

[0037] Step S4, the vegetation seeds, the seed adhesion agent, the plant fiber, the fertilizer and the water are mixed into a slurry, and the slurry is sprayed and sowed on the green object area. Specifically, the seed adhesion agent, also known as soil conditioner, is beneficial to promote the seed germination and growth. The plant fiber is added in the slurry to increase the bonding performance of the slurry and promote the stable adhesion of the slurry to the slope area 1. The fertilizer and the water are used to improve the fertility of the slurry and provide nutrients for the seed germination and growth. The slurry is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the green object area by the mechanical pump in the way of “hydraulic seeding”. The slurry can be integrally combined with the surface of the green object area to provide conditions for the vegetation growth. When the slurry is sprayed and sowed on the slope area, the mud is mixed in the slurry. Since the slope area has a steep slope shape, the adhesion effect of the slurry is relatively poor. By mixing the mud in the slurry, the adhesion ability of the slurry to the slope area is improved.

[0038] Specifically, the amount of vegetation seeds sprayed in the slope area 1 is greater than the amount of vegetation seeds sprayed in the open pit area 2. Since the open pit area 2 is relatively flat and backfilled with soil, the vegetation survival rate is high and the natural reproduction ability is strong. In contrast, the slope area 1 has no soil and is a steep terrain, the vegetation survival rate is relatively low and the natural reproduction ability is relatively weak. Therefore, in order to ensure the vegetation coverage of the entire re-greening object area, it is necessary to increase the amount of vegetation seeds sprayed in the slope area 1. In an optional embodiment, the amount of vegetation seeds sprayed in the slope area 1 is 30 g / m 2 , and the amount of vegetation seeds sprayed in the open pit area 2 is 15 g / m 2 . The types of vegetation seeds include at least one of Cynodon dactylon, Ampelopsis japonica, Eulalia japonica and Lolium multiflorum. In an optional embodiment, the types of vegetation seeds include Cynodon dactylon, Ampelopsis japonica, Eulalia japonica and Lolium multiflorum, and the proportion of the vegetation seeds is 50% Cynodon dactylon, 20% Ampelopsis japonica, 20% Eulalia japonica and 10% Lolium multiflorum.

[0039] Step S5, covering the surface of the slurry with non-woven fabric, and removing the non-woven fabric after the vegetation seeds grow into seedlings. By covering the non-woven fabric, the protection of the slurry can be achieved to avoid being washed away by rain. In addition, the non-woven fabric can reduce the evaporation of water in the slurry and promote the germination and growth of vegetation seeds. When covering the non-woven fabric, it is laid from the bottom to the top of the slope area 1 in sequence, and the intersection position of adjacent two non-woven fabrics needs to be overlapped by 20-30 cm. The non-woven fabric is fixed on the slope surface of the slope area 1 by wooden stick, bamboo stick or iron wire, etc. The non-woven fabric in the open pit area 2 can be compressed by floating stone to avoid being blown away by the wind. The non-woven fabric needs to be intermittently uncovered during the growth of vegetation to promote the ventilation and sunlight of the slurry and promote the growth of vegetation. Specifically, the first time to uncover the non-woven fabric can be selected when the vegetation grows to 3-5 cm, and it needs to avoid the scorching sun.

[0040] Step S6, the vegetation in the re-greening object area is maintained regularly. The maintenance of the vegetation includes regular irrigation, fertilization and pest control. During the seed germination period and the seedling period of the vegetation, regular atomization irrigation should be carried out to promote seed germination and seedling growth. According to the growth of the vegetation, an appropriate amount of fertilizer is used to promote the rapid growth of the vegetation. Specifically, when the vegetation grows to 8-10 cm, fertilization can be carried out once. When there are diseases and pests on the vegetation, pesticides should be sprayed in time to ensure the survival rate of the vegetation. In addition, the maintenance of the vegetation also includes vegetation supplementation. The vegetation loss in the slope area 1 is detected regularly. When there is vegetation loss in the slope area 1, the loss position should be supplemented in time to avoid the continuous spread of the loss position. The vegetation turf is collected in the open pit area 2, and the vegetation turf is transplanted directly to the loss position in the slope area 1. Since the open pit area 2 is backfilled with soil, the vegetation can naturally reproduce, so the vegetation turf can be collected in the open pit area 2 for supplementation. The part collected can be restored naturally, or the part collected is sprayed with slurry to promote the rapid recovery of the vegetation.

[0041] Step S7, the environment of the re-greening object area is monitored. The purpose of environmental monitoring is to discover whether the re-greening object area has geological collapse and terrain damage in time, so as to repair in time. The content of environmental monitoring includes ground cracks, collapse, bulging, turbid spring, spring flow change, etc. There are multiple monitoring points, and the monitoring points are mainly arranged at the intersection of the slope area 1 and the open pit area 2. The monitoring methods include visual monitoring and image monitoring. For example, a drone can be used to take pictures of the entire re-greening object area, and then image comparison technology is used to judge whether there is geological anomaly. The frequency of monitoring can be set to 3-5 times per month, and the number of monitoring can be increased appropriately in the rainy season.

[0042] Specifically, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, in step S4, the vines and trees 3 are planted in the joint area of the slope area 1 and the open-pit area 2, and the planting interval of the trees 3 is 2-3 m. The trees can be selected as Pinus elliottii. Since the vines and trees 3 have good soil fixation effect, planting the vines and trees 3 in this area can reduce the water and soil loss of this area. Meanwhile, the trees 3 can also block the debris flow to avoid the debris flow in the slope area 1 from burying the vegetation in the open-pit area 2. Specifically, the trees 3 are planted in multiple rows to strengthen the protection effect. When planting the trees 3, first, a tree hole is dug in the joint area of the slope area 1 and the open-pit area 2, and then the tree seedling is transplanted into the tree hole with the soil. Meanwhile, base fertilizer 6 is laid in the tree hole to improve the survival rate of the tree seedling. After the tree seedling is transplanted, the tree seedling is fixed by using a wooden stick. In the later period, the tree seedling is maintained daily, including irrigation, fertilization and pest control, etc. When digging the tree hole, the diameter size of the tree hole is greater than the size of the soil clod carried by the tree seedling, and the soil clod on the tree seedling is treated to be soft. A layer of base fertilizer 6 is applied on the surface of the soft soil at the bottom of the tree hole, and the thickness of the base fertilizer 6 is 5 cm. The base fertilizer 6 is organic fertilizer, and the fertilization amount of each tree hole is controlled to be about 2.5 kg. The base fertilizer 6 is fully mixed with the soil to improve the soil quality and improve the survival rate of the planting. After the base fertilizer 6 is applied, a layer of soil is covered on the surface of the base fertilizer 6, and the thickness of the soil is greater than 5 cm to avoid the tree seedling from appearing the root-burning condition.

[0043] The beneficial effect of the embodiment is that the vegetation growth in the surrounding environment of the re-greening object area is investigated to determine the vegetation type of the re-greening object area, so that the planted vegetation can well adapt to the environment and is beneficial to improve the survival rate of the vegetation. By cleaning the floatstone in the slope area 1, laying the metal net 4 on the slope area 1 and backfilling the topsoil in the open-pit area 2, on the one hand, the risk of debris flow in the slope area 1 can be reduced and the erosion resistance can be improved, and on the other hand, the survival rate of the vegetation in the open-pit area 2 can be improved. By using the non-woven fabric to cover the slurry, the germination and growth of the vegetation are promoted. Therefore, the mine re-greening method has the characteristics of strong erosion resistance and high re-greening success rate.

[0044] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and those skilled in the art can make changes in specific implementation and application range according to the idea of the present application. The content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A mine restoration method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Investigate the vegetation growth in the surrounding environment of the regreening target area, and determine the vegetation species ratio of the regreening target area according to the vegetation growth in the surrounding environment; Step S2: repairing the regreening target area, wherein the repairing content includes cleaning the pumice in the slope area of ​​the regreening target area and backfilling the open pit area of ​​the regreening target area with topsoil; Step S3, covering the slope area with a metal mesh; Step S4: Mix vegetation seeds, seed adhesives, plant fibers, fertilizers and water into a slurry, and spray the slurry in the regreening target area. When spraying the slope area, mix mud into the slurry. Step S5: Covering the surface of the slurry with a non-woven fabric, and removing the non-woven fabric after the vegetation seeds grow into seedlings; Step S6: Regularly maintain the vegetation in the greening target area.

2. The mine restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, after the pumice is cleared, a stepped platform is excavated along the slope direction in the side slope area, and the open pit area is trimmed into a gentle slope shape with a high circumference in the middle and a low bottom.

3. The mine restoration method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Along the slope direction, the distance between two adjacent platforms is 30 to 50 cm, and the width of the platform is 15 to 30 cm.

4. The mine restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the topsoil backfill thickness of the open pit area is 15 to 25 cm.

5. The mine restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the sowing amount of the vegetation seeds in the slope area is greater than the sowing amount of the vegetation seeds in the open pit area, and the vegetation seeds include at least one of bermudagrass, kudzu, broadleaf grass and ryegrass.

6. The mine restoration method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The proportion of the vegetation seeds is: 50% bermudagrass, 20% kudzu, 20% broadleaf grass and 10% ryegrass.

7. The mine restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, climbing plants and trees are planted in the boundary area between the slope area and the open pit area, and the planting spacing of the trees is 2 to 3 meters.

8. The mine restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the non-woven fabric is intermittently uncovered during the vegetation growth process.

9. The mine restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the vegetation loss in the slope area is regularly checked, and vegetation turf is collected in the open pit area and transplanted to the missing position in the slope area.

10. The mine restoration method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method further includes step S7, performing environmental monitoring on the greening target area.

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