Solid carbon dioxide engine

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid carbon dioxide driven engine, which realizes clean, efficient and low-noise power output by utilizing the phase change characteristic of solid carbon dioxide and a supercritical carbon dioxide circulation technology. Compared with a traditional internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine has the remarkable environmental protection advantage and performance advantage, is suitable for various application scenes, and has wide market prospects and social and economic benefits. Along with continuous progress and cost reduction of a dry ice production technology and mature application of a supercritical carbon dioxide technology, the method is expected to become an important development direction of a power system in the future. According to the clean power solution provided by the invention, carbon dioxide in industrial waste gas is converted into dry ice and is used for driving the engine, so that a closed-loop carbon circulation system is formed, emission of greenhouse gas is reduced, cyclic utilization of resources is realized, and the clean power solution has remarkable environmental benefits and economic benefits.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a solid-state carbon dioxide (dry ice) based energy conversion device, particularly to an engine system capable of converting the phase change energy of solid-state carbon dioxide into mechanical or electrical energy. The present invention is suitable for various application scenarios requiring power sources, including but not limited to vehicles, drones, ships, fixed equipment, etc., providing a clean, efficient, and zero-emission power solution. BACKGROUND

[0002] Limitations of traditional power systems Traditional internal combustion engines and electric motors have significant shortcomings in terms of energy utilization and environmental impact: Fossil fuel dependence: Traditional internal combustion engines rely heavily on fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas, leading to carbon emissions and environmental pollution problems. Low energy conversion efficiency: The thermal efficiency of traditional internal combustion engines is usually between 20%-40%, with a large amount of energy lost as waste heat. Charging / fueling infrastructure dependence: Electric vehicles require charging infrastructure, while traditional internal combustion engines require a network of gas stations. Emission problems: Traditional power systems emit large amounts of pollutants such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, causing serious environmental impact. Existing carbon dioxide power systems mainly focus on supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) technology, which has the following limitations: Harsh operating conditions: Supercritical carbon dioxide systems require high temperature and high pressure operation, requiring high material requirements and complex systems. Limited application range: Existing carbon dioxide power systems are mostly applied to large-scale power generation systems, making it difficult to adapt to small-scale and diversified application scenarios. Phase change control difficulty: Carbon dioxide has a large volume change during phase change, making control difficult and affecting system stability. Low energy recovery efficiency: Existing systems do not fully recover energy during phase change, resulting in low overall efficiency. SUMMARY

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a solid-state carbon dioxide based engine system with the following advantages: Environmentally friendly: Using solid-state carbon dioxide as the working medium, achieving zero carbon emissions. High efficiency: Through innovative phase change control and energy recovery technology, improving energy conversion efficiency. Strong adaptability: Modular design makes it suitable for various application scenarios, including vehicles, drones, ships, and fixed equipment. Simple structure: Simplifying the complexity of traditional carbon dioxide power systems, reducing manufacturing costs and maintenance difficulty. Safe and reliable: Using safe working medium and reliable control system to ensure safe operation.

[0004] The application provides a solid carbon dioxide engine, mainly composed of the following parts: Dry ice storage and supply system: including dry ice storage cabin, temperature control system and supply mechanism, to ensure that dry ice can enter the phase change room stably and controllably. Phase change room: dry ice sublimates in the phase change room under heat, producing high-pressure carbon dioxide gas to drive the power conversion device. Power conversion device: converts the pressure energy of carbon dioxide gas into mechanical energy or electrical energy, including piston type, turbine type or other types of energy conversion mechanism. Cooling and recycling system: cools and recycles the discharged carbon dioxide gas to make it re-condense into solid state, realizing recycling. Control system: monitors and controls the operating parameters of the whole system to ensure efficient and stable operation of the system. Working principle: solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) sublimates in the phase change room under heat, rapidly expands in volume to produce high-pressure gas, drives the power conversion device to generate mechanical energy or electrical energy. The discharged carbon dioxide gas is re-condensed into solid state by the cooling and recycling system to form a closed cycle. The system improves energy conversion efficiency and reduces energy consumption through innovative phase change control technology and energy recovery technology.

[0005] The main innovations of the application include: Phase change control innovation based on basic principles: Multi-stage phase change control technology: through controlling the phase change process of dry ice at different temperatures and pressures, the energy is released and utilized in stages, improving the energy conversion efficiency. Self-adaptive phase change control strategy: automatically adjusts the supply rate of dry ice and the phase change conditions according to the load demand, ensuring that the system can operate efficiently under different working conditions. Rapid start and stop technology: through special dry ice supply and phase change room design, the system can start and stop quickly, reducing energy loss. Energy recovery system innovation: Waste heat recovery technology: uses the waste heat of the exhaust gas from the power conversion device to preheat the dry ice, improving energy utilization efficiency. Multi-stage energy recovery system: uses multi-stage energy recovery devices to maximize the recovery of energy loss in each link of the system. Phase change latent heat recovery technology: recovers the latent heat in the phase change process of dry ice for preheating or other system functions, improving overall efficiency. Structural design innovation: Modular design: the system adopts modular design, which is convenient for configuration and expansion according to different application scenarios. Compact phase change room design: through special phase change room structure design, improves the utilization rate of dry ice and the power density of the system. Lightweight material application: uses lightweight high-strength materials to manufacture key components, reduces the weight of the system and improves the energy efficiency ratio. Integrated control system: integrates the control system with the main functional modules to reduce the size and complexity of the system. Cycle system innovation: Closed cycle design: adopts closed cycle system to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and loss, improves system sustainability. High-efficiency cooling and recycling technology: through high-efficiency cooling and recycling system, improves the recovery rate of carbon dioxide and the cycle efficiency of the system. Low-energy consumption regeneration technology: innovative carbon dioxide regeneration technology, reduces system operation energy consumption, improves overall efficiency.

[0006] Advantages Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: Environmentally friendly: using carbon dioxide as the working medium, achieving zero carbon emissions and reducing environmental pollution. High efficiency: through innovative phase change control and energy recovery technology, improving energy conversion efficiency, which can reach 1.5-2 times of traditional internal combustion engines. Strong adaptability: modular design makes it suitable for various application scenarios, from small drones to large ships and fixed equipment. Simple structure: simplifying the complexity of traditional carbon dioxide power systems, reducing manufacturing costs and maintenance difficulty, and improving reliability. Low operating cost: closed cycle design reduces the need for carbon dioxide replenishment, reducing operating costs. High safety: using non-flammable and non-toxic carbon dioxide as the working medium improves system safety. Good starting performance: fast start and stop capability, suitable for frequent start-stop application scenarios. Low noise: compared with traditional internal combustion engines, the operating noise is significantly reduced, improving the comfort of use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 Overall structure schematic diagram 1. Dry ice storage cabin 2. Temperature control system 3. Supply mechanism 4. Phase change chamber 5. Power conversion device 6. Cooling and recovery system 7. Control system 8. Energy output interface 9. Carbon dioxide recovery pipeline 10. Waste heat recovery pipeline Figure 2 Phase change chamber structure schematic diagram 4.1 Phase change chamber main body 4.2 Dry ice inlet 4.3 Heating device 4.4 Pressure sensor 4.5 Temperature sensor 4.6 Gas outlet 4.7 Thermal insulation layer 4.8 Control valve Figure 3 Power conversion device schematic diagram 5.1 Cylinder 5.2 Piston 5.3 Connecting rod 5.4 Crankshaft 5.5 Intake valve 5.6 Exhaust valve 5.7 Waste heat recovery device Figure 4 Cooling and recovery system schematic diagram 6.1 Cooler 6.2 Condenser 6.3 Pressure regulating device 6.4 Carbon dioxide storage tank 6.5 Resolidification device 6.6 Recovery pipeline 6.7 Circulation pump Figure 5 Control system schematic diagram 7.1 Central controller 7.2 Sensor module 7.3 Actuator module 7.4 Input / output interface 7.5 Power module 7.6 Communication module DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] Dry ice storage and supply system embodiment The dry ice storage and supply system utilizes a dry ice storage chamber 1 with a double-layer vacuum insulation structure, equipped with an internal temperature control system 2 to ensure that the dry ice remains at a stable low temperature. The supply mechanism 3 utilizes a spiral propulsion design and is driven by a stepper motor, enabling precise control of the dry ice supply. In practice, the dry ice storage chamber 1 is constructed from a high-strength aluminum alloy and coated internally with a special thermal insulation coating to reduce heat transfer. The temperature control system 2 utilizes a combination of a semiconductor cooler and a heating wire design, enabling precise control of the temperature within the storage chamber to approximately -78.5°C, ensuring that the dry ice does not sublimate prematurely. The surface of the spiral propeller of the supply mechanism 3 is specially treated to prevent dry ice from sticking and ensure smooth supply. The stepper motor is precisely controlled by a control system 7, which adjusts the dry ice supply rate according to load demand, achieving precise phase change control.

[0009] Phase change chamber embodiment The phase change chamber 4 adopts a cylindrical structure, with a heating device 4.3 and temperature and pressure sensors 4.4 and 4.5 installed inside. The main body 4.1 of the phase change chamber is made of high-strength stainless steel, and a special flow-guiding structure is set inside to promote uniform heating and rapid sublimation of dry ice. The heating device 4.3 adopts a combination of electric heating and waste heat recovery heating. Electric heating is used in the system startup phase, and waste heat recovery heating uses the waste heat of the gas discharged by the power conversion device 5 to improve energy utilization efficiency. In the specific implementation, a plurality of temperature sensors 4.5 are set on the inner wall of the phase change chamber 4 to monitor the temperature distribution in the phase change chamber in real time. The pressure sensor 4.4 monitors the pressure changes in the phase change chamber, and the control system 7 adjusts the dry ice supply rate and heating power according to these sensor data to achieve precise phase change control.

[0010] Power conversion device embodiment The power conversion device 5 adopts a double-acting piston design, including a cylinder 5.1, a piston 5.2, a connecting rod 5.3 and a crankshaft 5.4. The intake valve 5.5 and the exhaust valve 5.6 are electromagnetically controlled, with fast response speed and high control accuracy. In the specific implementation, the cylinder 5.1 is made of lightweight aluminum alloy material, and the inner wall is specially treated to reduce friction loss. The piston 5.2 is made of composite materials, which is light and wear-resistant. The crankshaft 5.4 is connected to the piston 5.2 through the connecting rod 5.3, converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotational motion, and outputting mechanical energy through the energy output interface 8. The intake valve 5.5 and the exhaust valve 5.6 are precisely controlled by the control system 7, which adjusts the valve opening time and duration according to the pressure changes in the phase change chamber 4 and the piston position to optimize the energy conversion efficiency.

[0011] Cooling and Recovery System Example The cooling and recycling system 6 mainly consists of a cooler 6.1, a condenser 6.2, a pressure regulating device 6.3, a carbon dioxide storage tank 6.4, and a resolidification device 6.5. The cooler 6.1 adopts a finned structure to increase the heat dissipation area and improve the cooling efficiency. In the specific implementation, the carbon dioxide gas discharged from the power conversion device 5 enters the cooler 6.1 through the recycling pipeline 9 and is cooled to room temperature. Then it enters the condenser 6.2, and through further cooling and pressurization, the carbon dioxide gas is condensed into a liquid or solid state. The pressure regulating device 6.3 controls the pressure of the entire recycling system to ensure that the carbon dioxide can be smoothly condensed. The condensed carbon dioxide is stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank 6.4, and then resolidified into dry ice by the resolidification device 6.5, and returned to the dry ice storage cabin 1 through the recycling pipeline 6.6, realizing a closed cycle.

[0012] Control system embodiment The control system 7 adopts a modular design, including a central controller 7.1, a sensor module 7.2, an actuator module 7.3, an input / output interface 7.4, a power module 7.5, and a communication module 7.6. In the specific implementation, the central controller 7.1 adopts a high-performance microprocessor and runs a real-time operating system to ensure system response speed and control accuracy. The sensor module 7.2 includes temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and position sensors, etc., to collect real-time operating parameters of each part of the system. The actuator module 7.3 includes stepper motor drivers, electromagnetic valve drivers, and heating device controllers, etc., to control the actions of each actuator according to the instructions of the central controller. The input / output interface 7.4 is used to connect external devices such as displays and operation panels. The power module 7.5 provides stable power supply for the entire control system. The communication module 7.6 supports multiple communication protocols such as CAN bus and Ethernet, facilitating data interaction and remote monitoring between the system and external devices or host computers.

[0013] Working process embodiment The working process of the solid carbon dioxide engine mainly includes the following stages: System starting stage: the control system 7 starts the electric heating device 4.3, preheats the phase change chamber 4 to the set temperature. At the same time, the temperature control system 2 in the dry ice storage cabin 1 ensures that the dry ice is in a stable state. Dry ice supply and phase change stage: the control system 7 controls the supply mechanism 3 according to the load demand, and sends the appropriate amount of dry ice into the phase change chamber 4. The dry ice sublimates in the phase change chamber 4 and generates high-pressure carbon dioxide gas. Power conversion stage: the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas enters the cylinder 5.1 of the power conversion device 5 through the intake valve 5.5, drives the piston 5.2 to move, and outputs mechanical energy through the connecting rod 5.3 and the crankshaft 5.4. Gas recovery stage: the carbon dioxide gas after power conversion is discharged through the exhaust valve 5.6 and enters the cooling and recovery system 6. In the cooler 6.1 and the condenser 6.2, it is cooled and condensed to become liquid or solid carbon dioxide again. Carbon dioxide recycling stage: the condensed carbon dioxide is solidified into dry ice again by the resolidification device 6.5 and returns to the dry ice storage cabin 1, realizing a closed cycle. System stopping stage: the control system 7 stops the dry ice supply and the heating device, and after the pressure in the system is reduced to a safe range, all valves are closed and the system stops running. During the entire working process, the control system 7 monitors and adjusts the operating parameters of each part in real time to ensure efficient and stable operation of the system. For example, the dry ice supply rate and heating power are adjusted according to the load change to optimize energy conversion efficiency; the working parameters of the cooling and recovery system are adjusted according to the temperature and pressure of the recovered carbon dioxide to improve recovery efficiency.

[0014] Application scenario embodiment The solid carbon dioxide engine of the present application can be configured and optimized according to different application scenarios: Vehicle application: adopt compact design, integrate phase change chamber and power conversion device together, reduce volume and weight. Use efficient cooling and recovery system to ensure that carbon dioxide can be effectively recovered during vehicle driving. The control system is powered by vehicle-mounted power supply and has automatic control and fault diagnosis functions. Aircraft application: use lightweight materials and small size design to reduce system weight. Optimize the power conversion device to improve power density. Use high energy density battery as auxiliary power supply to support short time high power output. The cooling and recovery system uses air cooling method to simplify the structure. Ship application: adopt modular design, configure multiple engine modules according to the size and power demand of the ship. Use seawater as cooling medium to improve the efficiency of the cooling and recovery system. The control system has remote monitoring and automatic control functions to adapt to the special working environment of the ship. Fixed equipment application: adopt large capacity dry ice storage cabin and high efficiency energy recovery system to reduce dry ice replenishment frequency. The control system supports multiple operating modes to adapt to different load demands. It can be integrated with renewable energy systems such as solar or wind energy to realize completely zero carbon emission energy supply.

[0015] Innovation details Multi-stage phase change control technology: Traditional carbon dioxide power systems usually operate at a single temperature and pressure condition, limiting the energy conversion efficiency. This invention adopts a multi-stage phase change control technology, which controls the phase change process of dry ice at different temperatures and pressures to achieve the release and utilization of energy in stages. Technical principle: The phase change characteristics of carbon dioxide at different temperatures and pressures are different. By controlling the temperature and pressure during the phase change process, the mode and timing of energy release can be optimized. The multi-stage phase change control technology divides the sublimation process of dry ice into multiple stages, each stage at different temperature and pressure conditions, making energy release more uniform and controllable. Implementation: Multiple temperature and pressure control areas are set up in the phase change chamber 4. By independently controlling the heating power and pressure adjusting device of each area, multi-stage phase change of dry ice is achieved. For example, the first stage starts the initial sublimation of dry ice at a lower temperature and pressure, the second stage accelerates the sublimation process at a higher temperature and pressure, and the third stage controls the pressure release to optimize the working conditions of the power conversion device 5. Technical advantages: The multi-stage phase change control technology significantly improves the energy conversion efficiency, reduces the pressure fluctuation, and makes the system run more smoothly. At the same time, by optimizing the phase change process, it can adapt to different load demands, improving the adaptability and flexibility of the system.

[0016] Adaptive phase change control strategy: Existing carbon dioxide power systems usually use fixed control strategies, which are difficult to adapt to changes in load and environmental conditions. This invention proposes an adaptive phase change control strategy that can automatically adjust the dry ice supply rate and phase change conditions according to real-time operating conditions to optimize system performance.

[0017] Technical principle: The control system 7 monitors the system's operating parameters in real time, such as phase change chamber pressure, temperature, load demand, etc., predicts the system's dynamic response through advanced control algorithms, and automatically adjusts the control parameters to achieve optimal phase change control. Implementation: The control system 7 uses the model predictive control (MPC) algorithm to establish a dynamic model of the phase change process, predicting the performance indicators of the system under different control strategies, such as energy conversion efficiency, system stability, etc. According to the prediction results, the dry ice supply rate, heating power and valve opening time are automatically adjusted to achieve adaptive control. Technical advantages: The adaptive phase change control strategy enables the system to maintain high efficiency under different operating conditions, improving the adaptability and robustness of the system. At the same time, it reduces the need for manual intervention and improves the automation level of the system.

[0018] Fast Start and Stop Technology The start-up and shut-down process of traditional carbon dioxide power systems is usually slow, increasing energy loss and operating time. The invention adopts fast start and stop technology, significantly shortening the start-up and shut-down time of the system, improving the response performance of the system. Technical principle: By optimizing the design of the phase change chamber and the heating strategy, the heating efficiency and phase change rate of dry ice are improved. At the same time, fast-responding control valves and supply mechanisms are used to realize fast control of dry ice supply and gas discharge. Implementation: The phase change chamber 4 adopts special structural design, such as porous medium or fin structure, to increase the contact area of dry ice and heating source and improve the heat transfer efficiency. The heating device 4.3 adopts high-power density heating elements that can provide a large amount of heat in a short time. The supply mechanism 3 and valve adopt fast-responding driving devices, such as servo motors and electromagnetic valves, to realize millisecond-level control response. Technical advantage: Fast start and stop technology enables the system to reach full load operation in a short time, improving the flexibility and response performance of the system. At the same time, it reduces the energy loss during start-up and shut-down, improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0019] Waste Heat Recovery Technology Traditional power systems usually discharge a large amount of waste heat directly into the environment, causing energy waste. The invention adopts advanced waste heat recovery technology to preheat dry ice and heat the phase change chamber using the waste heat of the power conversion device exhaust gas, improving energy utilization efficiency. Technical principle: The carbon dioxide gas discharged by the power conversion device 5 still contains a large amount of heat energy, which is transferred to the dry ice or phase change chamber through the heat exchanger, improving the preheating effect of the dry ice and reducing the energy consumption of the heating device 4.3. Implementation: Install waste heat recovery device 5.7 on the exhaust pipe of power conversion device 5, using high-efficiency heat exchanger structure such as plate or fin heat exchanger. One end of the waste heat recovery device 5.7 is connected to the exhaust pipe, and the other end is connected to the phase change chamber 4 or the dry ice supply path, transferring waste heat to dry ice or phase change chamber. Technical advantage: Waste heat recovery technology significantly reduces the energy consumption of the system, improving energy conversion efficiency. At the same time, it reduces the dependence on external energy sources and reduces operating costs.

[0020] Multi-stage energy recovery system To maximize energy conversion efficiency, the invention adopts a multi-stage energy recovery system, which recovers and reuses energy at multiple stages of the system. Technical principle: Carbon dioxide gas releases energy during expansion. Through multi-stage expansion and energy recovery devices, the energy in the gas can be gradually extracted, improving overall conversion efficiency. Implementation: The power conversion device 5 adopts a multi-stage expansion design, such as a multi-stage piston or multi-stage turbine structure. After each stage of expansion, the gas enters the next stage of energy recovery device to further extract energy. At the same time, the cooling and recovery system 6 also has energy recovery devices to recover the heat released during the condensation of carbon dioxide. Technical advantage: The multi-stage energy recovery system significantly improves the energy conversion efficiency of the system and reduces energy loss. At the same time, by optimizing the design of each stage of energy recovery device, it can adapt to the energy recovery needs under different pressure and temperature conditions.

[0021] Phase change latent heat recovery technology Dry ice absorbs a large amount of latent heat during phase change, which cannot be effectively utilized in traditional systems. The invention adopts phase change latent heat recovery technology to recover the latent heat absorbed by dry ice during phase change, which is used for preheating or other system functions. Technical principle: The latent heat absorbed by dry ice during sublimation can be transferred to other parts that need heating through a heat exchanger, such as the dry ice storage cabin 1 or the phase change chamber 4, reducing the energy consumption of the heating device 4.3. Implementation: A heat exchanger is set between the phase change chamber 4 and the dry ice storage cabin 1 to transfer the latent heat absorbed by dry ice during sublimation to the dry ice in the dry ice storage cabin 1, achieving preheating effect. At the same time, a heat exchanger is also set in the cooling and recovery system 6 to recover the latent heat released during the condensation of carbon dioxide. Technical advantage: The phase change latent heat recovery technology improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system and reduces energy consumption. At the same time, by recovering latent heat, the system can reduce its dependence on external energy and improve its self-sufficiency.

[0022] Modular design To adapt to the needs of different application scenarios, the invention adopts modular design concept, making the system flexible to configure and expand according to different needs. Technical principle: The system is divided into multiple functionally independent modules, such as dry ice storage and supply module, phase change module, power conversion module, cooling and recovery module, and control module, etc. The modules are connected through standardized interfaces, and different specifications of modules can be selected for combination according to application needs. Implementation: Each module adopts standardized mechanical and electrical interfaces for easy installation and replacement. For example, the dry ice storage and supply module has different specifications in terms of capacity and supply rate, the power conversion module has different specifications in terms of power and output form, and the cooling and recovery module has different specifications in terms of cooling method and recovery efficiency. Technical advantage: Modular design improves the adaptability and scalability of the system, making the same basic design applicable to multiple scenarios. At the same time, it is convenient for system maintenance and upgrading, reducing maintenance cost and downtime.

[0023] Compact phase change chamber design The phase change chamber of traditional carbon dioxide power systems is large in volume, affecting the power density and application range of the system. The invention adopts a compact phase change chamber design to improve the utilization rate of dry ice and the power density of the system. Technical principle: By optimizing the internal structure of the phase change chamber and the dry ice supply method, the contact area between the dry ice and the heating source is increased, the heat transfer efficiency and the phase change rate are improved, and thus a high-efficiency phase change process is realized in a smaller volume. Implementation: The phase change chamber 4 adopts a special internal structure, such as a spiral channel, a porous medium or a fin structure, to increase the contact area between the dry ice and the heating source. At the same time, the dry ice supply mechanism 3 adopts a decentralized supply method, so that the dry ice is evenly distributed in the phase change chamber, improving the utilization rate of the dry ice. Technical advantage: The compact phase change chamber design significantly improves the power density of the system, reduces the system volume and weight, and makes it more suitable for space-limited application scenarios such as unmanned aerial vehicles and small vehicles.

[0024] Lightweight material application In order to improve the energy efficiency ratio and adaptability of the system, the invention widely applies lightweight materials to reduce the system weight and improve the power-to-weight ratio. Technical principle: High-strength, low-density materials are used to manufacture key components of the system, such as the phase change chamber, power conversion device and cooling system, etc., to maximize the reduction of system weight while ensuring structural strength and performance. Implementation: The outer shell of the phase change chamber 4 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy or carbon fiber composite material, and the internal structure uses lightweight alloy or ceramic material. The piston and connecting rod of the power conversion device 5 use high-strength lightweight alloy or composite material. The pipes and containers of the cooling and recycling system 6 use lightweight alloy or plastic material. Technical advantage: The application of lightweight materials significantly reduces the system weight and improves the power-to-weight ratio, making the system more suitable for weight-sensitive application scenarios such as unmanned aerial vehicles and electric vehicles.

[0025] Integrated control system In order to simplify the system structure and improve the control accuracy, the invention adopts an integrated control system to integrate the control system with the main functional modules, reducing the system volume and complexity. Technical principle: The hardware and software of the control system 7 are integrated with other modules of the system to realize high integration and optimization of control functions, reduce external wiring and interface, and improve the reliability and maintainability of the system. Implementation: The central controller 7.1 of the control system 7 is integrated with the power conversion device 5 or the phase change chamber 4, and the sensors and actuators are directly connected to the central controller, reducing external wiring. At the same time, embedded software design is adopted to integrate control algorithms and system functions in a single processor. Technical advantage: The integrated control system reduces the system volume and complexity, improves the reliability and stability of the system. At the same time, it reduces the manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulty of the system, improving the cost performance of the system.

[0026] To reduce carbon dioxide emissions and losses, improve the sustainability of the system, the invention adopts a closed cycle design, making carbon dioxide circulate within the system.

[0027] Technical principle: After power conversion, the carbon dioxide gas is cooled and recovered, re-condensed into solid state, returned to dry ice storage cabin 1, realizing closed cycle, reducing the need for carbon dioxide supplement.

[0028] Implementation: The cooling and recovery system 6 cools and condenses the discharged carbon dioxide gas, and returns to dry ice storage cabin 1 through resolidification device 6.5. The system adopts a sealed design to reduce carbon dioxide leakage.

[0029] Technical advantage: Closed cycle design significantly reduces carbon dioxide consumption and emissions, improves the sustainability and economy of the system. At the same time, it reduces the dependence on external carbon dioxide supplement, improves the independence and reliability of the system.

[0030] High-efficiency cooling and recovery technology The traditional carbon dioxide recovery system has low efficiency, affecting the overall performance of the system. The invention adopts high-efficiency cooling and recovery technology to improve the recovery rate of carbon dioxide and the circulation efficiency of the system. Technical principle: By optimizing the design and working parameters of the cooling and recovery system 6, the cooling efficiency and condensation speed of carbon dioxide are improved, energy loss is reduced, and the circulation efficiency of the system is improved. Implementation: The cooler 6.1 adopts high-efficiency heat dissipation structure and cooling medium, such as finned heat sink and forced air cooling or water cooling. The condenser 6.2 adopts high-efficiency heat exchanger and pressure regulating device to improve the condensation efficiency of carbon dioxide. The resolidification device 6.5 adopts special structure design to improve the resolidification efficiency of dry ice. Technical advantage: High-efficiency cooling and recovery technology improves the recovery rate of carbon dioxide, reduces the supplement demand of dry ice, and reduces the operation cost. At the same time, it improves the circulation efficiency of the system, enhances the sustainability of the system.

[0031] Low-energy regeneration technology In order to reduce the operating energy consumption of the system, the invention adopts low-energy regeneration technology to reduce the energy consumption in the resolidification process of carbon dioxide. Technical principle: By optimizing the cooling and condensation process of carbon dioxide, using the waste heat and pressure change inside the system, the energy consumption in the resolidification process is reduced. Implementation: The cooling and recovery system 6 adopts multi-stage cooling and pressure regulation technology, which utilizes the phase change characteristics of carbon dioxide at different pressures to reduce the energy consumption in the cooling and condensation process. At the same time, it uses the waste heat inside the system to preheat or precool carbon dioxide, reducing the demand for external energy. Technical advantage: Low-energy regeneration technology significantly reduces the operating energy consumption of the system, improves the energy conversion efficiency and economy of the system. At the same time, it reduces the dependence on external energy, improves the independence and sustainability of the system.

[0032] Application scenarios and implementation cases Vehicle application implementation case: The solid-state carbon dioxide engine of the present invention is particularly suitable as a vehicle power system, providing clean and efficient power output. Here is an implementation case applied to an electric vehicle: System configuration: Adopting a compact modular design, including a small dry ice storage cabin 1 (capacity 50 kg), a high-efficiency phase change chamber 4, a double-cylinder piston power conversion device 5, and an integrated control system 7. The dry ice storage cabin 1 adopts a double-layer vacuum insulation structure to ensure long-term preservation of dry ice. Working process: Dry ice sublimates in the phase change chamber 4 to produce high-pressure carbon dioxide gas, driving the double-cylinder piston power conversion device 5, which outputs mechanical energy through the crankshaft to drive the vehicle. The discharged carbon dioxide gas is recondensed into dry ice by the cooling and recycling system 6 and returned to the dry ice storage cabin 1, realizing a closed cycle. Performance indicators: The system weighs about 200 kg, with an output power of up to 100 kW and a cruising range of up to 500 km (based on 50 kg of dry ice). The energy conversion efficiency can reach more than 40%, significantly higher than the 20-30% of traditional internal combustion engines. Advantage analysis: Compared with traditional electric vehicles, there is no need for charging infrastructure, dry ice replenishment time is short, and cruising range is long. Compared with traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, it has zero carbon emissions, low noise, and low maintenance cost.

[0033] Aircraft application implementation case: The solid-state carbon dioxide engine of the present invention is also suitable for aircraft such as drones, providing efficient and clean power sources. Here is an implementation case applied to a cargo drone: System configuration: Adopting an ultra-lightweight design, including a micro dry ice storage cabin 1 (capacity 2 kg), a compact phase change chamber 4, a turbine power conversion device 5, and a simplified cooling and recycling system 6. The dry ice storage cabin 1 and phase change chamber 4 are made of lightweight carbon fiber materials to reduce system weight. Working process: Dry ice sublimates rapidly in the phase change chamber 4 to produce high-pressure carbon dioxide gas, driving the micro turbine power conversion device 5 to generate mechanical energy to drive the drone propeller. The discharged carbon dioxide gas is preliminarily cooled by a simple cooling device and then directly discharged into the atmosphere (simplified version does not recycle), reducing system weight. Performance indicators: The system weighs about 5 kg, with an output power of up to 15 kW and a cruising time of up to 2 hours (based on 2 kg of dry ice). The energy conversion efficiency can reach more than 35%. Advantage analysis: Compared with traditional electric drones, it provides longer cruising time and higher power output. Compared with traditional fuel-powered drones, it has zero carbon emissions, low noise, and simple maintenance.

[0034] Ship application implementation case: For large application scenarios such as ships, the solid-state carbon dioxide engine of the present application can provide a clean and efficient power solution. The following is an implementation case applied to a small ship: System configuration: modular design is adopted, including a large-capacity dry ice storage cabin 1 (capacity 1000 kg), a high-efficiency phase change chamber 4, a multi-cylinder piston power conversion device 5 and a high-efficiency cooling and recycling system 6. The dry ice storage cabin 1 adopts special heat insulation design to reduce the natural loss of dry ice. Working process: The dry ice sublimates in the phase change chamber 4 to produce high-pressure carbon dioxide gas, which drives the multi-cylinder piston power conversion device 5 to output mechanical energy through the transmission shaft to drive the ship propeller. The discharged carbon dioxide gas is condensed into dry ice by the cooling and recycling system 6 and returned to the dry ice storage cabin 1, realizing closed cycle. Performance index: The system weight is about 2000 kg, the output power can reach 500 kW, and the cruising range can reach 5000 km (based on 1000 kg of dry ice). The energy conversion efficiency can reach more than 45%. Advantage analysis: Compared with traditional ship power systems, zero carbon emissions, reducing environmental pollution. No need to frequently refuel, reducing operating costs. Modular design facilitates system maintenance and upgrading.

[0035] Fixed device application implementation case: The solid-state carbon dioxide engine of the present application is also suitable for fixed devices such as backup power supplies, power stations, etc., providing clean and reliable energy solutions. The following is an implementation case applied to a backup power supply system: System configuration: large-capacity dry ice storage cabin 1 (capacity 5000 kg), high-efficiency phase change chamber 4, turbine-type power conversion device 5 and high-efficiency cooling and recycling system 6. The dry ice storage cabin 1 adopts special heat insulation design to reduce the natural loss of dry ice. Working process: The dry ice sublimates in the phase change chamber 4 to produce high-pressure carbon dioxide gas, which drives the turbine-type power conversion device 5 to generate electricity through the generator to power the fixed device. The discharged carbon dioxide gas is condensed into dry ice by the cooling and recycling system 6 and returned to the dry ice storage cabin 1, realizing closed cycle. Performance index: The system weight is about 5000 kg, the output power can reach 1000 kW, and the continuous operation time can reach 1000 hours (based on 5000 kg of dry ice). The energy conversion efficiency can reach more than 45%. Advantage analysis: Compared with traditional backup power supply systems such as diesel generators, zero carbon emissions, low noise and easy maintenance. No need to frequently refuel, once refueling can run for a long time.

[0036] Summary and prospect Invention Summary: The invention provides a solid carbon dioxide-based engine system that achieves efficient, clean, and adaptable power output through innovative phase change control, energy recovery, and structural design techniques. The main innovations include multi-stage phase change control technology, adaptive phase change control strategy, rapid start and stop technology, waste heat recovery technology, multi-stage energy recovery system, phase change latent heat recovery technology, modular design, compact phase change chamber design, lightweight material application, integrated control system, closed cycle design, high-efficiency cooling and recovery technology, and low-energy regeneration technology. These innovations work together to make the solid carbon dioxide engine environmentally friendly, efficient, adaptable, simple in structure, low in operating cost, safe, good in starting performance, and low in noise, suitable for various application scenarios such as vehicles, aircraft, ships, and stationary equipment.

[0037] Technical Prospect: With continuous development and improvement, solid carbon dioxide engines are expected to make further breakthroughs in the following areas: Higher energy conversion efficiency: By further optimizing phase change control and energy recovery technology, the system's energy conversion efficiency is improved, approaching or exceeding that of traditional power systems. Lighter weight design: The use of new lightweight materials and more optimized structural design reduces system weight, improves power-to-weight ratio, and expands application range. Longer endurance: By improving dry ice storage and phase change technology, the energy density and utilization efficiency of dry ice are improved, extending the endurance of the system. Lower operating cost: With technology maturation and mass production, the system's manufacturing and operating costs are reduced, improving economic efficiency. Wider application scenarios: Develop derivative products that adapt to extreme environments and special needs, such as deep-sea, space, and other special environments.

[0038] Application Prospect As a clean, efficient, and flexible power system, solid carbon dioxide engines have broad application prospects: Transportation field: Replacing traditional internal combustion engines and some electric vehicles, especially in areas where charging infrastructure is insufficient or where high endurance is required. Aerospace field: As a power source for small unmanned aerial vehicles, airships, and space probes, it provides clean and reliable power. Marine application field: As a power system for ships and underwater robots, it reduces marine pollution. Distributed energy system: As a backup power source for remote areas and emergency situations, it provides reliable power support. Special equipment field: Provides power for military equipment, polar exploration equipment, and other special applications, adapting to extreme environments. In summary, solid carbon dioxide engines represent an innovative direction in power technology and are expected to play an important role in the future of clean energy.

Claims

1. A solid carbon dioxide engine, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dry ice storage and supply system, a phase change chamber, a power conversion device and a cooling and recovery system; the dry ice storage and supply system is used to store solid carbon dioxide and controllably supply dry ice to the phase change chamber; the phase change chamber is used to receive dry ice and heat and sublimate it to produce high-pressure carbon dioxide gas; the power conversion device is connected to the phase change chamber to convert the pressure energy of the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas into mechanical energy or electrical energy; the cooling and recovery system is connected to the power conversion device to cool and recover the exhausted carbon dioxide gas, so that it re-condenses into solid carbon dioxide for recycling; the engine operates based on the principle that solid carbon dioxide heat and sublimation produces high-pressure gas to drive the power conversion device.

2. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dry ice sublimates when heated in the phase change chamber, rapidly expanding in volume to produce high-pressure carbon dioxide gas, which drives the power conversion device to generate mechanical energy or electrical energy; the exhausted carbon dioxide gas is re-condensed into solid carbon dioxide through the cooling and recovery system and returned to the dry ice storage and supply system, forming a closed cycle.

3. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change chamber adopts multi-stage phase change control technology to achieve graded release and utilization of energy by controlling the phase change process of dry ice at different temperatures and pressures; the phase change chamber is provided with multiple temperature and pressure control zones, and the multi-stage phase change of dry ice is achieved by independently controlling the heating power and pressure regulating devices of each zone.

4. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system adopts an adaptive phase change control strategy to monitor the system's operating parameters in real time, including the phase change chamber pressure, temperature and load demand, and automatically adjusts the dry ice supply rate and phase change conditions through a control algorithm to optimize system performance.

5. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power conversion device adopts a multi-stage expansion design, including a multi-stage piston or multi-stage turbine structure. After each stage of expansion, the gas enters the next stage energy recovery device, gradually extracting energy from the gas and improving the overall conversion efficiency.

6. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling and recovery system is provided with a waste heat recovery device, which utilizes the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the power conversion device to preheat dry ice or heat the phase change chamber, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the heating device.

7. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The engine adopts a modular design, including a dry ice storage and supply module, a phase change module, a power conversion module, a cooling and recovery module, and a control module; the modules are connected through standardized interfaces, and modules of different specifications can be selected and combined according to application requirements.

8. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change chamber adopts a compact design, with a spiral channel, porous medium or fin structure arranged inside, which increases the contact area between dry ice and the heating source, improves the heat transfer efficiency and phase change rate, and realizes an efficient phase change process in a smaller volume.

9. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling and recovery system adopts multi-stage cooling and pressure regulation technology, taking advantage of the phase change characteristics of carbon dioxide under different pressures to reduce energy consumption during the cooling and condensation process; at the same time, it uses waste heat inside the system to preheat or precool carbon dioxide, reducing external energy demand.

10. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling and recovery system cools and condenses the exhausted carbon dioxide gas, converts it back into dry ice through a re-solidification device, and returns it to the dry ice storage and supply system, thus achieving a closed cycle and reducing the need for replenishment and emission of carbon dioxide.

11. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It adopts a compact modular design, including a small dry ice storage cabin, a high-efficiency phase change chamber, a piston-type power conversion device and an integrated control system; the dry ice storage cabin adopts a double-layer vacuum insulation structure to ensure long-term storage of dry ice; the engine is suitable for vehicle power systems such as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles.

12. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 11, characterized in that: The vehicle power system also includes a gearbox, and the crankshaft of the power conversion device is connected to the gearbox to transmit mechanical energy to the vehicle drive wheels; the control system is integrated with the vehicle's electronic control system to achieve coordinated control of the entire vehicle.

13. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It adopts an ultra-lightweight design, including a miniature dry ice storage cabin, a compact phase change chamber, a turbine power conversion device and a simplified cooling and recovery system; the dry ice storage cabin and phase change chamber are made of lightweight carbon fiber materials to reduce the weight of the system; the engine is suitable for the power systems of aircraft, airships and other aircraft.

14. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 13, characterized in that: The output shaft of the power conversion device is connected to the propeller of the aircraft directly or through a reduction mechanism to provide the lift and thrust required for flight; the cooling and recovery system adopts air cooling to simplify the structure and reduce weight.

15. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It adopts a modular design, including a large-capacity dry ice storage cabin, a high-efficiency phase change chamber, a multi-cylinder piston power conversion device and a high-efficiency cooling and recovery system; the dry ice storage cabin adopts a special heat-insulating design to reduce the natural loss of dry ice; the engine is suitable for marine application power systems such as ships and underwater robots.

16. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 15, characterized in that: The output shaft of the power conversion device is connected to the propeller of the ship through a transmission shaft; the cooling and recovery system uses seawater as a cooling medium to improve cooling and recovery efficiency; the control system has remote monitoring and automatic control functions to adapt to the special working environment of the ship.

17. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It adopts a large-capacity dry ice storage cabin, a high-efficiency phase change chamber, a turbine-type power conversion device and a high-efficiency cooling and recovery system; the dry ice storage cabin adopts a special heat-insulating design to reduce the natural loss of dry ice; the engine is suitable for fixed equipment such as backup power supplies and small power stations.

18. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 17, characterized in that: The power conversion device is connected to a generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy; the control system supports multiple operating modes to adapt to different load requirements; the engine can be integrated with renewable energy systems, such as solar energy or wind energy, to achieve a completely zero-carbon emission energy supply.

19. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dry ice storage and supply system includes a dry ice storage chamber, a temperature control system, and a supply mechanism. The dry ice storage chamber adopts a double-layer vacuum insulation structure and is coated with a special thermal insulation coating on the inside to reduce heat transfer. The temperature control system uses a combination of semiconductor refrigerators and heating wires to accurately control the temperature in the storage chamber at around -78.5°C. The supply mechanism adopts a spiral propulsion design and is driven by a stepper motor to accurately control the amount of dry ice supplied.

20. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 19, characterized in that: The surface of the screw propeller of the supply mechanism is specially treated to prevent dry ice from sticking and ensure smooth supply; the stepper motor is precisely controlled by a control system, and the supply rate of dry ice is adjusted according to load requirements to achieve precise phase change control.

21. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change chamber adopts a cylindrical structure, with a heating device and temperature and pressure sensors installed inside; the phase change chamber body is made of high-strength stainless steel material, and a special guide structure is set inside to promote uniform heating and rapid sublimation of dry ice; the heating device adopts a combination of electric heating and waste heat recovery heating. Electric heating is used in the system startup phase, and waste heat recovery heating utilizes the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the power conversion device.

22. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 21, characterized in that: A plurality of temperature sensors are provided on the inner wall of the phase change chamber to monitor the temperature distribution in the phase change chamber in real time; the pressure sensor monitors the pressure change in the phase change chamber; and the control system adjusts the dry ice supply rate and heating power according to the sensor data to achieve precise phase change control.

23. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power conversion device adopts a double-acting piston design, including a cylinder, a piston, a connecting rod and a crankshaft; the intake valve and the exhaust valve are electromagnetically controlled, with fast response speed and high control accuracy; the cylinder of the power conversion device is made of lightweight aluminum alloy material, and the inner wall is specially treated to reduce friction loss; the piston is made of composite material, which is lightweight and wear-resistant.

24. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 23, characterized in that: The intake valve and exhaust valve are precisely controlled by a control system, and the valve opening time and duration are adjusted according to the pressure changes and piston position in the phase change chamber to optimize the energy conversion efficiency; the power conversion device also includes a waste heat recovery device to recover waste heat in the exhaust gas for preheating dry ice or heating the phase change chamber.

25. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling and recovery system includes a cooler, a condenser, a pressure regulating device and a re-solidification device; the cooler adopts a fin-type structure to increase the heat dissipation area and improve the cooling efficiency; the condenser condenses the carbon dioxide gas into a liquid or solid state through further cooling and pressurization; the pressure regulating device controls the pressure of the entire recovery system to ensure that the carbon dioxide can be condensed smoothly; the re-solidification device re-solidifies the liquid carbon dioxide into dry ice.

26. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 25, characterized in that: The cooling and recovery system stores the condensed carbon dioxide in a carbon dioxide storage tank, then re-solidifies it into dry ice through a re-solidification device and returns it to the dry ice storage compartment through a recovery pipeline, thus achieving a closed cycle. The cooling and recovery system also includes a circulation pump for transporting carbon dioxide liquid or gas.

27. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system adopts a modular design and includes a central controller, sensor modules, actuator modules, input and output interfaces, a power module and a communication module; the central controller adopts a high-performance microprocessor and runs a real-time operating system to ensure the system response speed and control accuracy; the sensor modules include temperature sensors, pressure sensors and position sensors, etc., which collect the operating parameters of various parts of the system in real time; the actuator modules include stepper motor drivers, electromagnetic valve drivers and heating device controllers, etc., which control the actions of various actuators according to the instructions of the central controller.

28. The solid carbon dioxide engine according to claim 27, characterized in that: The control system uses a model predictive control algorithm to establish a dynamic model of the phase change process and predict the system's performance indicators under different control strategies, such as energy conversion efficiency and system stability. Based on the prediction results, the dry ice supply rate, heating power and valve opening time are automatically adjusted to achieve adaptive control.

29. A phase change control method for a solid carbon dioxide engine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Deliver dry ice into the phase change chamber; control the dry ice to undergo multi-stage phase change at different temperatures and pressures to achieve graded release and utilization of energy; achieve multi-stage phase change of dry ice by independently controlling the heating power and pressure regulating devices of multiple temperature and pressure control areas in the phase change chamber; automatically adjust the dry ice supply rate and phase change conditions according to load demand to ensure that the system can operate efficiently under different working conditions.

30. The phase change control method according to claim 29, characterized in that: The multi-stage phase change control divides the dry ice sublimation process into multiple stages, each taking place under different temperature and pressure conditions, making energy release more uniform and controllable. The adaptive phase change control strategy automatically adjusts the dry ice supply rate and phase change conditions based on real-time operating conditions to optimize system performance.

31. A method for energy recovery of a solid carbon dioxide engine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Utilize the waste heat of the exhaust gas from the power conversion device to preheat dry ice or heat the phase change chamber; A multi-stage expansion design is adopted, and an energy recovery device is installed after each stage of expansion of the power conversion device to gradually extract the energy in the carbon dioxide gas; the heat released during the condensation process of carbon dioxide is recovered and used for preheating or other system functions; through waste heat recovery technology, the system's energy consumption is reduced and energy utilization efficiency is improved.

32. The energy recovery method according to claim 31, characterized in that: The waste heat recovery device adopts a high-efficiency heat exchanger structure, such as a plate or fin heat exchanger; the multi-stage energy recovery system adopts a multi-stage expansion design, such as a multi-stage piston or multi-stage turbine structure. After each stage of expansion, the gas enters the next stage of energy recovery device to further extract energy.

33. A method for quickly starting and stopping a solid carbon dioxide engine, characterized in that: The system includes the following steps: when the system starts, the control system starts the electric heating device to preheat the phase change chamber to the set temperature; at the same time, the temperature control system in the dry ice storage compartment ensures that the dry ice is in a stable state; the control system controls the supply mechanism according to the load demand to deliver an appropriate amount of dry ice into the phase change chamber; Dry ice sublimates when heated in the phase change chamber, generating high-pressure carbon dioxide gas to drive the power conversion device; when the system stops, the control system stops the dry ice supply and heating device, and closes all valves after the pressure in the system drops to a safe range.

34. The rapid start and stop method according to claim 33, characterized in that: The phase change chamber adopts a special structural design, such as a porous medium or fin structure, to increase the contact area between dry ice and the heating source and improve heat transfer efficiency; the heating device adopts a high-power density heating element, which can provide a large amount of heat in a short time; the supply mechanism and valve adopt a fast-response drive device, such as a servo motor and an electromagnetic valve, to achieve millisecond-level control response.

35. A cooling and recovery method for a solid carbon dioxide engine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The carbon dioxide gas discharged from the power conversion device is cooled and condensed to return it to liquid or solid state; the condensed carbon dioxide is re-solidified into dry ice through a re-solidification device and returned to the dry ice storage compartment to achieve a closed cycle; multi-stage cooling and pressure regulation technology is used to utilize the phase change characteristics of carbon dioxide under different pressures to reduce energy consumption during the cooling and condensation process; the waste heat inside the system is used to preheat or pre-cool the carbon dioxide, reducing external energy demand.

36. The cooling and recovery method according to claim 35, characterized in that: The cooling and recovery system adopts multi-stage cooling and pressure regulation technology, utilizing the phase change characteristics of carbon dioxide under different pressures to reduce energy consumption during the cooling and condensation process; the re-solidification device re-solidifies the liquid carbon dioxide into dry ice and returns it to the dry ice storage compartment, realizing a closed cycle.

37. A solid carbon dioxide engine system, characterized in that: include: A dry ice storage and supply system is used to store solid carbon dioxide and controllably supply dry ice to the phase change chamber; the phase change chamber is used to receive dry ice and heat it to sublime it to produce high-pressure carbon dioxide gas; a power conversion device is connected to the phase change chamber and converts the pressure energy of the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas into mechanical energy or electrical energy; a cooling and recovery system is connected to the power conversion device and cools and recovers the exhausted carbon dioxide gas so that it re-condenses into solid carbon dioxide for recycling; a control system is used to monitor and control the operating parameters of the entire system; the system operates based on the principle that solid carbon dioxide is heated and sublimated to produce high-pressure gas that drives the power conversion device; the system adopts multi-stage phase change control technology, energy recovery technology and closed-loop design to improve energy conversion efficiency and system sustainability.

38. The solid carbon dioxide engine system according to claim 37, characterized in that: The system adopts a modular design, including a dry ice storage and supply module, a phase change module, a power conversion module, a cooling and recovery module, and a control module; the modules are connected through standardized interfaces, and modules of different specifications can be selected and combined according to application requirements; the system uses lightweight materials to manufacture key components, reducing system weight and improving power-to-weight ratio; the system adopts an integrated control system, integrating the control system with major functional modules to reduce system size and complexity.

39. The solid carbon dioxide engine system according to claim 37, characterized in that: The system is suitable for various application scenarios such as vehicles, aircraft, ships and fixed equipment; the system has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, highly efficient, highly adaptable, simple in structure, low in operating cost, highly safe, good starting performance and low in noise; the system achieves efficient, clean and highly adaptable power output through innovative phase change control, energy recovery and structural design technologies.

40. A method of using solid carbon dioxide as a power source, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: providing solid carbon dioxide as a working medium; sending the solid carbon dioxide into a phase change chamber to be heated and sublimated to generate high-pressure carbon dioxide gas; using the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas to drive a power conversion device to generate mechanical energy or electrical energy; cooling and recovering the exhausted carbon dioxide gas so that it is re-condensed into solid carbon dioxide for recycling; and improving energy conversion efficiency and system sustainability through multi-stage phase change control technology, energy recovery technology and closed-loop design.

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