Heat storage system for hydrogen supply and storage system

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy storage and supply, and discloses a heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system, comprising: a storage and supply integrated water tank for storing waste heat generated by a fuel cell generator set; the waste heat recovery side water pump is used for conveying waste heat of the fuel cell generator set to the storage and supply integrated water tank; the user water supply side water pump is used for extracting heat from the storage and supply integrated water tank and supplying the heat to rear-end users; the pipeline and valve group is used for connecting all the parts and adjusting the flowing direction and flow of heat; the gradient utilization module is used for graded utilization of waste heat generated in the hydrogen supply and storage process; and the collaborative conversion module is used for carrying out collaborative conversion and storage among the energy sources. An energy demand is predicted by applying a deep hydrogen energy storage and supply Q hydrogen energy storage and supply network algorithm, an optimization model is constructed in combination with equipment operation constraints, equipment is accurately regulated and controlled, and the energy demands are respectively used for power generation, refrigeration, heating and industrial production according to waste heat temperature differences, so that flexible distribution of waste heat is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage and supply, in particular to a heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Under the background of global energy transformation, hydrogen energy, as a clean, efficient and sustainable energy, has attracted widespread attention. With the rapid development of hydrogen energy industry, the hydrogen supply and storage system, as a key infrastructure for hydrogen energy application, involves a large amount of energy conversion and transmission during operation. If the waste heat generated can be reasonably utilized, not only the energy utilization rate can be improved, but also the system operation cost can be reduced, which conforms to the trend of green energy development.

[0003] Currently, in the field of heat storage of hydrogen supply and storage system, independent heat storage devices are mainly used, usually a separate heat storage water tank is set up to recover waste heat. This way, by guiding the waste heat to the heat storage water tank, the heat capacity of water is used to store heat. In actual application, when the fuel cell generator set produces waste heat, the heat medium is introduced into the water tank through the pipeline, and the heat is absorbed and stored by the water. When there is a heat demand, hot water is drawn from the water tank for use.

[0004] The traditional heat storage system, due to its relative independence from other equipment in the hydrogen refueling station, performs poorly in collaborative work, and cannot flexibly allocate heat according to the overall energy demand and equipment operating state of the hydrogen refueling station, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system, which solves the problem of low energy utilization efficiency of the traditional heat storage system, which cannot flexibly allocate heat according to the overall energy demand and equipment operating state of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: a heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system, comprising: Integrated water tank for storage and supply: for storing the waste heat generated by the fuel cell generator set; Waste heat recovery side water pump: for transporting the waste heat of the fuel cell generator set to the integrated water tank for storage and supply; User water supply side water pump: for extracting heat from the integrated water tank for storage and supply and supplying it to the back-end user; Piping and valve group: for connecting various components and adjusting the flow direction and flow rate of heat; Cascade utilization module: for graded utilization of waste heat generated in the hydrogen supply and storage process; Collaborative conversion module: for collaborative conversion and storage between various energies; Control monitoring module: for real-time monitoring of various module parameters and intelligent control of equipment operation; Design integration module: for designing the equipment in the system as a standardized module and optimizing integration.

[0007] Preferably, the volume of the storage and supply integrated water tank is ≥ 35m 3 The number of waste heat recovery side water pumps is not less than 2, the number of user water supply side water pumps is not less than 2, the material of the pipeline and valve group is 304 stainless steel, and the pipeline is wrapped with thermal insulation material.

[0008] Preferably, the storage and supply integrated water tank is internally provided with a turbulence structure, the turbulence structure is used to enhance the disturbance of the fluid in the storage and supply integrated water tank, the waste heat recovery side water pump and the user water supply side water pump are both equipped with a variable frequency speed regulation device, and the variable frequency speed regulation device is used to adjust the speed of the water pump according to actual needs.

[0009] Preferably, the gradient utilization module includes a high-temperature section waste heat power generation unit, a medium-temperature section waste heat refrigeration and industrial application unit, and a low-temperature section waste heat heating and preheating unit, the high-temperature section waste heat power generation unit is used to generate power by composite power generation technology, the medium-temperature section waste heat refrigeration and industrial application unit is used to refrigerate by a combination of absorption refrigeration, adsorption refrigeration and ejector refrigeration, and is used for preheating raw gas in the hydrogen purification process, and the low-temperature section waste heat heating and preheating unit is used to heat the building in the station by floor radiant heating and fan coil heating, and preheat the raw gas before hydrogen compression by a heat exchanger.

[0010] Preferably, the composite power generation technology is a power generation technology combining supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle and organic Rankine cycle, and the carbon dioxide in the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle is compressed in the compressor, the compression process follows the relevant thermodynamic principles, absorbs heat in the regenerator, absorbs high-temperature waste heat in the high-temperature heater to increase temperature, expands in the turbine expander to generate power, and the cooled carbon dioxide after work is cooled by the cooler, in the organic Rankine cycle, the organic working medium absorbs waste heat in the evaporator to evaporate, drives the turbine to generate power, the exhaust steam is cooled in the condenser, and is pressurized again by the working medium pump for recycling, the absorption refrigeration uses lithium bromide-water as the working pair, realizes the refrigeration cycle through the generator, condenser, throttle valve and evaporator, the adsorption refrigeration uses the adsorption and desorption process of solid adsorbent to refrigerate, the ejector refrigeration relies on the ejector to inject low-pressure fluid to refrigerate, and the raw gas preheating is carried out by a heat exchanger.

[0011] Preferably, the synergistic conversion module comprises a photovoltaic-electrolysis water hydrogen production and energy storage unit and a hydrogen energy-heat storage coupling unit, the photovoltaic-electrolysis water hydrogen production and energy storage unit is used for converting solar energy into electric energy by a photovoltaic assembly, the electric energy drives an electrolytic cell to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, and a hybrid energy storage system composed of lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors is used to store excess electric energy, the hydrogen energy-heat storage coupling unit is used for transferring waste heat generated when a fuel cell generates electricity to a heat storage system through a heat exchanger, when the heat storage system has sufficient heat and hydrogen is needed, the heat of the heat storage system is used to preheat hydrogen, thereby improving hydrogen delivery efficiency, and when the heat storage system has insufficient heat, part of the hydrogen is used to generate electricity in a small fuel cell, and the waste heat generated is supplemented to the heat storage system.

[0012] Preferably, the control and monitoring module comprises an energy real-time monitoring unit and an intelligent optimization control unit, the energy real-time monitoring unit is used for collecting parameters of the heat storage system, transmitting various data, and performing local data preprocessing on the parameters by using edge computing technology, sensor data is processed by using a filtering algorithm to obtain processed data, the intelligent optimization control unit is used for establishing an energy prediction model by using a deep Q network algorithm in deep reinforcement learning based on the processed data, and constructing a constraint optimization model to perform energy distribution and intelligent regulation and control of equipment.

[0013] Preferably, the parameters include temperature, pressure, flow, power, and electric quantity, and a core update formula of the energy prediction model is Q(s,a)←Q(s,a)+α[r+γmax a′ Q(s′,a′)-Q(s,a)], wherein Q(s,a) is a Q value of taking action a in state s, α is a learning rate, r is a reward value obtained after taking action a, γ is a discount factor, s′ is a next state transferred after taking action a, max a′ Q(s′,a′) is a maximum Q value in all possible actions in the next state s′, and the constraint optimization model is wherein P pυ (t) is photovoltaic power at time t, P toad (t) is system load power at time t, P fc (t) is fuel cell power at time t, P electrolyzer (t) is electrolytic cell power at time t, and the constraint conditions are I electrolyzer (t)≤I max , P fc (t)≥P min , wherein I electrolyzer (t) is electrolytic cell current at time t, I max is a maximum current allowed by the electrolytic cell, P fc (t) is fuel cell power at time t, and P min is a minimum power limit of the fuel cell.

[0014] Preferably, the design integration module comprises a modular design unit for designing various devices including integrated water supply and storage tank, waste heat recovery device, photovoltaic module, electrolytic cell and fuel cell as standardized modules, and an integration optimization unit for formulating unified integration specifications and interface standards and optimizing pipeline layout, electrical connection and communication line.

[0015] A heat storage method for a hydrogen supply and storage system, comprising the following steps: S1, data acquisition: acquiring parameters of each node of the hydrogen supply and storage system, transmitting various data, and performing local data preprocessing on the parameters by using edge computing technology, processing sensor data by using a filtering algorithm to obtain processed data; S2, energy prediction: based on the processed data, an energy prediction model is established by using a deep Q network algorithm in deep reinforcement learning to predict energy supply and demand, and a constraint optimization model is constructed by using the energy prediction model to generate device control instructions; S3, recovery and storage: the waste heat recovery side water pump delivers the fuel cell waste heat to the integrated water supply and storage tank, and the heat storage efficiency is enhanced by the turbulence structure in the water tank; S4, supply conversion: when there is a heat demand, the user water supply side water pump takes heat from the water tank to supply the user, and the photovoltaic module converts solar energy into electrical energy, the electrolytic cell electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen, and the excess electrical energy is stored by using a hybrid energy storage system composed of lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors; S5, cascade utilization: high-temperature waste heat is converted into electrical energy by composite power generation technology, medium-temperature waste heat is used for refrigeration and preheating of raw material gas, and low-temperature waste heat is used for heating and preheating of hydrogen; S6, hydrogen energy-heat storage coupling: the waste heat generated during fuel cell power generation is transferred to the heat storage system through a heat exchanger, when the heat storage system has sufficient heat and there is a demand for hydrogen, the heat of the heat storage system is used to preheat the hydrogen, improving the hydrogen delivery efficiency, when the heat storage system is insufficient, part of the hydrogen is used to generate electricity in a small fuel cell, and the generated waste heat is supplemented to the heat storage system;S7, monitoring and optimization: the design integration module guarantees the connection of the equipment, the integrated optimization unit optimizes the pipeline, electrical connection and communication line, the control monitoring module continuously acquires parameters, and the model and instructions are updated.

[0016] The application provides a heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system. 1、The present application predicts energy demand by using deep hydrogen energy storage and supply Q hydrogen energy storage and supply network algorithm, combines with equipment operation constraints to build an optimization model, accurately regulates equipment, according to the temperature difference of waste heat, respectively for power generation, refrigeration, heating and industrial production, realizes flexible allocation of waste heat, improves energy utilization rate, and converts solar energy into electric energy for hydrogen production and energy storage, balances power supply and demand, converts hydrogen energy and heat energy into each other, preheats hydrogen or supplements the heat of the heat storage system according to the demand, further improves the energy utilization efficiency, thereby solving the problems of traditional heat storage system and low energy utilization efficiency.

[0017] 2、The present application efficiently recovers and utilizes the waste heat generated during hydrogen supply and storage, converts it into electric energy by using supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle combined with organic Rankine cycle technology, uses the medium temperature section waste heat for refrigeration and raw material gas preheating, and uses the low temperature section waste heat for station building heating and raw material gas preheating before hydrogen compression, thereby comprehensively utilizing waste heat, avoiding waste of waste heat, improving the comprehensive utilization rate of energy, reducing dependence on external energy, reducing operation cost, making the hydrogen supply and storage system more efficient and environmentally friendly in energy utilization.

[0018] 3、The present application improves the self-sufficiency rate of hydrogen and the stability of energy supply by using solar power to generate hydrogen and store electric energy, and stores the waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation for hydrogen preheating or supplementing the heat of the heat storage system when needed, effectively balances energy supply and demand, and enables photovoltaic, hydrogen energy, heat energy and other energies to realize collaborative conversion and storage, thereby enhancing the system's ability to cope with different working conditions and ensuring stable energy support for hydrogen refueling stations under various conditions.

[0019] 4、The present application collects parameters of each part of the system in real time, processes them through edge computing and filtering algorithm, predicts energy demand by using deep Q network algorithm, builds a constraint optimization model and generates control instructions, can automatically adjust equipment operation according to real-time conditions, realizes optimal allocation of energy, ensures that the system is always in an efficient and stable operating state, and reduces labor management cost and equipment wear and tear 5、The present application designs the equipment in the system into standardized modules, each module has independent function and unified interface, is convenient for transportation, installation and maintenance, can be flexibly adjusted and configured according to the scale and demand of the hydrogen refueling station, optimizes the pipeline, electrical and communication lines by formulating unified specifications and standards, reduces energy loss and signal interference, not only improves the scalability of the system, but also reduces the maintenance difficulty and cost, improves the overall reliability and service life of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A system architecture schematic diagram of a heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system is proposed for the present application. Figure 2A method flowchart of a heat storage method for a hydrogen storage hydrogen supply system is provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] Please refer to the accompanying Figure 1 The present application provides a heat storage system for a hydrogen storage hydrogen supply system, comprising: Integrated water tank for storing waste heat generated by fuel cell generator set; Waste heat recovery side water pump for transporting waste heat of fuel cell generator set to integrated water tank; User water supply side water pump for extracting heat from integrated water tank and supplying to rear-end user; Piping and valve group for connecting various components and adjusting the flow direction and flow of heat; The volume of the integrated water tank is greater than or equal to 35m 3 , the material is stainless steel, the number of waste heat recovery side water pumps is not less than 2, the number of user water supply side water pumps is not less than 2, the material of piping and valve group is 304 stainless steel, and the piping is wrapped with thermal insulation material.

[0023] The integrated water tank is internally provided with a turbulence structure for enhancing the disturbance of fluid in the integrated water tank, and the waste heat recovery side water pump and the user water supply side water pump are both equipped with a variable frequency speed regulation device for adjusting the speed of the water pump according to actual demand.

[0024] Specifically, the waste heat generated by the fuel cell generator set is stored by the integrated water tank, which has a volume greater than or equal to 35m 3 , and the material is stainless steel, which ensures that the water tank has good high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance and corrosion resistance, and can stably store waste heat. The water tank is internally provided with a turbulence structure, which enhances the disturbance of fluid in the water tank when the waste heat recovery side water pump transports the waste heat to the water tank. On the one hand, it promotes the uniform distribution of heat and avoids local overheating or overcooling, improving the heat storage efficiency; on the other hand, the enhanced disturbance makes the heat transfer more sufficient, which helps the user water supply side water pump to extract heat more efficiently and output hot water with stable temperature.

[0025] The waste heat is stably transported to the storage and supply integrated water tank by the waste heat recovery side water pumps, the number of which is not less than 2. The water pumps are all equipped with a frequency conversion speed regulating device. The device adjusts the rotating speed of the water pump in real time according to the waste heat generation amount of the fuel cell generator set and the temperature, water level and other parameters in the storage and supply integrated water tank. When the waste heat generation amount is large, the rotating speed of the water pump is increased to speed up the waste heat recovery speed. Conversely, the rotating speed is reduced to avoid energy waste. The user water supply side water pump has the same number, which is not less than 2. The water pump extracts heat from the storage and supply integrated water tank and supplies the heat to the rear-end user. The water pump is also equipped with a frequency conversion speed regulating device. The device flexibly adjusts the rotating speed of the water pump according to the actual heat demand of the rear-end user to ensure stable and appropriate heat supply.

[0026] The pipeline and valve group are made of 304 stainless steel, and the pipeline is wrapped with thermal insulation material. The 304 stainless steel material ensures the corrosion resistance of the pipeline and valve group, prolongs the service life, and the wrapping of the thermal insulation material greatly reduces the heat loss in the transmission process and improves the energy utilization rate. The valve group realizes accurate adjustment of the flow direction and flow rate of heat by accurately controlling the opening degree of the valve. For example, under different working conditions, heat can be preferentially allocated to the links in urgent need, such as preferentially meeting the user's heating demand or industrial production heat demand.

[0027] Cascade utilization module: used for cascade utilization of waste heat generated in the hydrogen supply and storage process; the cascade utilization module includes a high-temperature section waste heat power generation unit, a medium-temperature section waste heat refrigeration and industrial application unit, and a low-temperature section waste heat heating and preheating unit. The high-temperature section waste heat power generation unit is used for generating power by composite power generation technology. The medium-temperature section waste heat refrigeration and industrial application unit is used for refrigeration by a combination of absorption refrigeration, adsorption refrigeration and ejector refrigeration, and for preheating of raw gas in the hydrogen purification process. The low-temperature section waste heat heating and preheating unit is used for heating buildings in the station by floor radiant heating and fan coil heating, and preheats raw gas before hydrogen compression by a heat exchanger.

[0028] The composite power generation technology is a power generation technology combining supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle and organic Rankine cycle, and in the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, carbon dioxide is compressed in a compressor, the compression process follows relevant thermodynamic principles, absorbs heat in a regenerator, absorbs high-temperature waste heat in a high-temperature heater, expands in a turbine expander to generate power, and the carbon dioxide after work is cooled in a cooler. In the organic Rankine cycle, organic working medium absorbs waste heat in an evaporator to evaporate, drives a turbine to generate power, and the exhaust steam is cooled in a condenser, and after being pressurized by a working medium pump, the working medium is circulated again. The absorption refrigeration takes lithium bromide-water as a working pair, and realizes a refrigeration cycle through a generator, a condenser, a throttle valve and an evaporator. The adsorption refrigeration utilizes the adsorption and desorption processes of solid adsorbents to refrigerate. The ejector refrigeration relies on an ejector to inject low-pressure fluid to refrigerate. Raw gas preheating is realized through a heat exchanger.

[0029] Specifically, the waste heat generated in the hydrogen supply and storage process is utilized in stages, so as to adopt the composite power generation technology combining supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle and organic Rankine cycle. In the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, carbon dioxide is compressed in a compressor, this process follows relevant thermodynamic principles, and the pressure and temperature of carbon dioxide are raised by consuming electric energy. The compressed carbon dioxide enters a regenerator to absorb waste heat of carbon dioxide discharged from a turbine expander, so as to improve the temperature of the carbon dioxide and the cycle efficiency. Then, the carbon dioxide absorbs high-temperature waste heat generated by a fuel cell generator set in a high-temperature heater to further raise the temperature. Subsequently, the carbon dioxide enters a turbine expander to expand and generate power. The temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide after work are reduced, and the carbon dioxide enters a cooler to be cooled and then returns to the compressor to complete the cycle. In the organic Rankine cycle, organic working medium (such as pentane) absorbs waste heat in an evaporator to evaporate, forms high-temperature and high-pressure steam, drives a turbine to generate power, and the exhaust steam is cooled in a condenser to become liquid, and then enters the evaporator again after being pressurized by a working medium pump. This composite power generation technology fully utilizes high-temperature waste heat and improves the power generation efficiency.

[0030] By adopting the combination of absorption refrigeration, adsorption refrigeration and ejector refrigeration, the absorption refrigeration takes lithium bromide-water as a working pair. In a generator, lithium bromide solution absorbs medium-temperature waste heat to evaporate water in the solution, and the generated water vapor enters a condenser to be cooled into liquid water. The liquid water enters an evaporator after being depressurized by a throttle valve, absorbs heat in the evaporator to evaporate and refrigerate. The adsorption refrigeration utilizes the adsorption and desorption processes of solid adsorbents (such as activated carbon-methanol) to refrigerate. In the adsorption process, the adsorbent adsorbs refrigerant vapor to reduce the pressure in the evaporator, thereby achieving refrigeration. In the desorption process, the adsorbent releases refrigerant vapor under heating conditions to prepare for the next adsorption refrigeration. The ejector refrigeration relies on an ejector to inject low-pressure fluid to reduce the pressure in the evaporator, thereby achieving refrigeration. In addition, medium-temperature waste heat is utilized to preheat raw gas in a hydrogen purification process through a heat exchanger, thereby improving the hydrogen purification efficiency and reducing the subsequent hydrogen compression energy consumption.

[0031] Low-temperature waste heat is used to heat the buildings in the station by floor radiant heating and fan coil heating. In the floor radiant heating, low-temperature waste heat is radiated to the indoor environment through the floor to create a comfortable indoor environment. In the fan coil heating, the circulating air exchanges heat with the low-temperature waste heat, and the heated air is sent into the indoor environment. At the same time, a heat exchanger is used to preheat the raw gas before hydrogen compression, to increase the initial temperature of the hydrogen, reduce the compression ratio of the compressor, and reduce the energy consumption in the compression process.

[0032] The collaborative transformation module is used for collaborative transformation and storage among various energies. The collaborative transformation module includes a photovoltaic-water electrolysis hydrogen production and energy storage unit and a hydrogen energy-heat storage coupling unit. The photovoltaic-water electrolysis hydrogen production and energy storage unit is used for converting solar energy into electric energy by a photovoltaic module, driving an electrolytic cell to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen by the electric energy, and storing excess electric energy by a hybrid energy storage system composed of lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. The hydrogen energy-heat storage coupling unit is used for transferring the waste heat generated when the fuel cell generates electricity to the heat storage system through a heat exchanger, preheating the hydrogen by the heat of the heat storage system when the heat storage system has sufficient heat and hydrogen demand, and improving the hydrogen delivery efficiency. When the heat storage system is insufficient, part of the hydrogen is used to generate electricity in a small fuel cell, and the waste heat generated is supplemented to the heat storage system.

[0033] Specifically, by performing collaborative transformation and storage among various energies, solar energy is converted into electric energy by a photovoltaic module. The semiconductor material in the photovoltaic module generates electron-hole pairs under the action of light to form an electric current. Part of the generated electric energy drives an electrolytic cell to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, and the electric energy is converted into chemical energy and stored in hydrogen. The other part of the excess electric energy is stored by a hybrid energy storage system composed of lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. The lithium ion batteries have a high energy density and are suitable for long-term storage of electric energy. The supercapacitors have the characteristics of fast charging and discharging and can meet sudden power demand. The combination of the two improves the performance of the energy storage system.

[0034] The waste heat generated when the fuel cell generates electricity is transferred to the heat storage system through a heat exchanger. When the heat storage system has sufficient heat and hydrogen demand, the hydrogen is preheated by the heat of the heat storage system. For example, before the hydrogen is delivered, the heat of the heat storage system is transferred to the hydrogen through a heat exchanger to reduce the density of the hydrogen, reduce the delivery resistance, and improve the hydrogen delivery efficiency. When the heat storage system is insufficient, part of the hydrogen is used to generate electricity in a small fuel cell, and the waste heat generated is supplemented to the heat storage system to maintain the heat balance of the heat storage system, realizing the mutual transformation and storage of hydrogen energy and heat energy.

[0035] The control monitoring module is used for real-time monitoring of parameters of various modules and intelligent control of operation of various devices; the control monitoring module comprises an energy real-time monitoring unit and an intelligent optimization control unit; the energy real-time monitoring unit is used for collecting parameters of the heat storage system, transmitting various data, and performing local data preprocessing on the parameters by using an edge computing technology; a filter algorithm is used to process sensor data to obtain processed data; the intelligent optimization control unit is used for establishing an energy prediction model by using a deep Q network algorithm in deep reinforcement learning based on the processed data, and constructing a constraint optimization model to perform energy distribution and intelligent control of devices.

[0036] The parameters include temperature, pressure, flow, power and electric quantity; a core update formula of the energy prediction model is Q(s,a)←Q(s,a)+α[r+γmax a′ Q(s′,a′)-Q(s,a)], wherein Q(s,a) is a Q value of taking action a in state s, α is a learning rate, r is a reward value obtained after taking action a, γ is a discount factor, s′ is a next state transferred after taking action a, max a′ Q(s′,a′) is a maximum Q value in all possible actions in the next state s′, and the constraint optimization model is P pυ (t) is photovoltaic power at time t, P toad (t) is system load power at time t, P fc (t) is fuel cell power at time t, P electrolyzer (t) is electrolyzer consumption power at time t, and the constraint condition is I electrolyzer (t)≤I max , P fc (t)≥P min , wherein I electrolyzer (t) is electrolyzer current at time t, I max is a maximum current allowed by the electrolyzer, P fc (t) is fuel cell power at time t, and P min is a minimum power generation limit of the fuel cell.

[0037] Specifically, by monitoring the parameters of each module in real time and intelligently controlling the operation of each device, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow sensors, power sensors, and electric quantity sensors are installed at key nodes in the system to collect real-time data on temperature, pressure, flow, power, and electric quantity. The collected data is transmitted through industrial Ethernet or 5G communication technology, and edge computing technology is used to preprocess the parameters locally. Edge computing technology can perform preliminary data filtering, analysis, and processing on site, reducing data transmission volume and latency. At the same time, filter algorithms such as Kalman filter algorithms are used to process sensor data, remove noise interference, and obtain accurate and reliable processed data.

[0038] Based on the processed data, an energy prediction model is established using the deep Q-network algorithm in deep reinforcement learning. The deep Q-network algorithm optimizes action selection strategies in different states through continuous trial and error and learning. Through training with a large amount of historical and real-time data, the model can predict energy supply and demand in the future. For example, based on weather data, user energy usage habits, operating status of fuel cell generators and photovoltaic components, and other factors, the model can predict heat demand, power demand, and energy production in different time periods. Then, a constrained optimization model is constructed, considering constraints such as maximum current limits for electrolytic cells and minimum power generation limits for fuel cells, to allocate energy and intelligently control devices. For example, based on energy prediction results, the rotational speed of the waste heat recovery side water pump and the user water supply side water pump can be adjusted, the hydrogen production of the photovoltaic-electrolytic water hydrogen production and energy storage unit and the charge and discharge state of the energy storage system can be controlled, and the conversion of hydrogen and heat in the hydrogen energy-heat storage coupling unit can be coordinated to achieve optimal energy allocation and efficient device operation.

[0039] Design integration module: for designing devices in the system as standardized modules and optimizing integration; the design integration module includes a modular design unit and an integration optimization unit. The modular design unit is used to design each device as a standardized module, including a storage and supply integrated water tank, a waste heat recovery device, a photovoltaic component, an electrolytic cell, and a fuel cell. The integration optimization unit is used to develop unified integration specifications and interface standards to optimize pipeline layout, electrical connections, and communication lines.

[0040] Specifically, by designing the devices in the system as standardized modules and optimizing the integration, the water storage and supply integrated tank, waste heat recovery device, photovoltaic module, electrolytic cell, fuel cell, etc. are designed as standardized modules. The water storage and supply integrated tank is designed as a standard module that can be assembled, facilitating transportation and installation. The volume of the water tank can be adjusted by flexibly combining different numbers of modules according to actual needs. The standardized module of the waste heat recovery device integrates efficient heat exchange components and connecting parts, facilitating connection with other devices. The photovoltaic module is integrated in a container module, which contains photovoltaic arrays, inverters, energy storage devices, etc., realizing integrated installation and convenient maintenance. The electrolytic cell and fuel cell are also designed as standardized modules, with unified interfaces and installation sizes, improving the versatility and scalability of the system.

[0041] By formulating unified integration specifications and interface standards, seamless connection and collaborative work between standardized modules are ensured. In terms of pipeline layout, the Hazen-Williams formula is used to calculate the flow distribution of each pipe section, and the Darcy-Weisbach formula is used to calculate the pressure loss of the pipeline, so that the pipeline material and diameter are reasonably selected, the pipeline direction is optimized, and the energy loss is reduced. In terms of electrical connection, the line resistance and reactance are considered, the wire specification and layout are reasonably selected, and the line loss is reduced. For example, for high-current transmission lines, low-resistance wire materials are selected, and the line connection method is optimized to reduce contact resistance. In terms of communication lines, shielded twisted pair and optical fiber communication media are used to reduce signal interference and ensure that the control and monitoring modules can accurately and timely transmit data, realizing efficient integration and collaborative work of the system modules.

[0042] Please refer to the attached Figure 2 A heat storage method for a hydrogen supply and storage system, comprising the following steps: S1, data acquisition: collecting parameters of each node of the hydrogen supply and storage system, transmitting each data, and using edge computing technology to perform local data preprocessing on the parameters, using a filtering algorithm to process sensor data to obtain processed data; S2, energy prediction: based on the processed data, an energy prediction model is established using a deep Q network algorithm in deep reinforcement learning to predict energy supply and demand, and a constraint optimization model is constructed using the energy prediction model to generate device control instructions; S3, recovery and storage: the waste heat recovery side water pump delivers the fuel cell waste heat to the water storage and supply integrated tank, and the heat storage efficiency is enhanced by the turbulence structure inside the tank; S4, supply conversion: when there is a heat demand, the user water supply side water pump takes heat from the tank to supply the user, and the photovoltaic module converts solar energy into electrical energy, which drives the electrolytic cell to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, and the excess electrical energy is stored in a hybrid energy storage system composed of lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors; S5, cascade utilization: high-temperature waste heat is converted into electric energy by composite power generation technology, medium-temperature waste heat is used for refrigeration and preheating of raw material gas, low-temperature waste heat is used for heating and preheating of hydrogen; S6, hydrogen energy-heat storage coupling: the waste heat generated during fuel cell power generation is transferred to the heat storage system through a heat exchanger, when the heat storage system has sufficient heat and hydrogen demand, the heat of the heat storage system is used to preheat hydrogen, improving hydrogen delivery efficiency, when the heat storage system is insufficient, part of the hydrogen is used to generate electricity in a small fuel cell, and the generated waste heat is supplemented to the heat storage system; S7, monitoring and optimization: the design integrated module ensures equipment connection, the integrated optimization unit optimizes pipe, electric and communication lines, the control monitoring module continuously collects parameters, and the model and instructions are updated.

[0043] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various modifications, substitutions, replacements and changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system, characterized in that: include: Integrated water tank for storage and supply: used to store waste heat generated by the fuel cell generator set; Waste heat recovery side water pump: used to transport the waste heat of the fuel cell generator set to the integrated storage and supply water tank; Water pump on the user water supply side: used to extract heat from the integrated water storage and supply tank and supply it to the back-end users; Pipes and valves: used to connect various components and adjust the flow direction and flow of heat; Cascade utilization module: used for graded utilization of waste heat generated during hydrogen supply and storage; Collaborative conversion module: used for collaborative conversion and storage of various energy sources; Control and monitoring module: used to monitor the parameters of each module in real time and intelligently regulate the operation of each device; Design integration modules: used to design the equipment in the system into standardized modules and optimize their integration.

2. The heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume of the storage and supply integrated water tank is ≥35m 3 , the material is stainless steel, the number of water pumps on the waste heat recovery side is not less than 2, the number of water pumps on the user water supply side is not less than 2, the material of the pipeline and valve group is 304 stainless steel, and the pipeline is wrapped with insulation material.

3. The heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A turbulence structure is provided inside the integrated storage and supply water tank, and the turbulence structure is used to enhance the disturbance of the fluid in the integrated storage and supply water tank. The water pump on the waste heat recovery side and the water pump on the user water supply side are both equipped with a variable frequency speed regulation device, and the variable frequency speed regulation device is used to adjust the speed of the water pump according to actual needs.

4. The heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cascade utilization module includes a high-temperature waste heat power generation unit, a medium-temperature waste heat refrigeration and industrial application unit, and a low-temperature waste heat heating and preheating unit. The high-temperature waste heat power generation unit is used to utilize high-temperature waste heat for power generation through composite power generation technology. The medium-temperature waste heat refrigeration and industrial application unit is used to utilize medium-temperature waste heat for refrigeration through a combination of absorption refrigeration, adsorption refrigeration and injection refrigeration, and is used for preheating raw gas in the hydrogen purification process. The low-temperature waste heat heating and preheating unit is used to utilize low-temperature waste heat through floor radiation heating and fan coil heating to heat the buildings in the station, and uses a heat exchanger to preheat the raw gas before hydrogen compression.

5. The heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The composite power generation technology is a power generation technology that combines a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle with an organic Rankine cycle. In the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, carbon dioxide is compressed in a compressor. The compression process follows relevant thermodynamic principles, absorbs heat in a regenerator, absorbs high-temperature waste heat in a high-temperature heater to increase temperature, expands in a turbine expander to generate power, and the cooler cools the carbon dioxide after the work. In the organic Rankine cycle, the organic working fluid absorbs waste heat in the evaporator to evaporate, driving the turbine to generate power. The exhaust steam is cooled in the condenser and circulated again after being pressurized by a working fluid pump. The absorption refrigeration uses lithium bromide-water as the working fluid pair, and realizes a refrigeration cycle through a generator, a condenser, a throttle valve and an evaporator. The adsorption refrigeration uses the adsorption and desorption process of a solid adsorbent for refrigeration. The ejection refrigeration relies on an ejector to inject a low-pressure fluid for refrigeration, and the feed gas is preheated by a heat exchanger.

6. The heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synergistic conversion module includes a photovoltaic-electrolysis water hydrogen production and energy storage unit and a hydrogen energy-heat storage coupling unit. The photovoltaic-electrolysis water hydrogen production and energy storage unit is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy through photovoltaic modules. The electrical energy drives the electrolyzer to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, and a hybrid energy storage system composed of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors is used to store excess electrical energy. The hydrogen energy-heat storage coupling unit is used to transfer the waste heat generated by the fuel cell to the heat storage system through a heat exchanger. When the heat storage system has sufficient heat and there is a demand for hydrogen, the heat of the heat storage system is used to preheat the hydrogen to improve the hydrogen transmission efficiency. When the heat storage system lacks heat, part of the hydrogen is used to generate electricity in the small fuel cell, and the waste heat generated is supplemented to the heat storage system.

7. The heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control and monitoring module includes an energy real-time monitoring unit and an intelligent optimization control unit. The energy real-time monitoring unit is used to collect parameters of the heat storage system, transmit various data, and use edge computing technology to perform local data preprocessing on the parameters. The sensor data is processed using a filtering algorithm to obtain processed data. The intelligent optimization control unit is used to establish an energy prediction model based on the processed data using the deep Q network algorithm in deep reinforcement learning, and to construct a constraint optimization model to perform energy distribution and intelligent regulation of equipment.

8. The heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The parameters include temperature, pressure, flow, power, and electricity. The core update formula of the energy prediction model is: Where Q(s,a) is the Q value of taking action a in state s, α is the learning rate, r is the reward value obtained after taking action a, γ is the discount factor, s′ is the next state transferred to after taking action a, and max a′ Q(s′,a′) is the maximum Q value of all possible actions in the next state s′. The constrained optimization model is Among them, P pυ (t) is the photovoltaic power generation power at time t, P toad (t) is the system load power at time t, P fc (t) is the power generated by the fuel cell at time t, P electrolyzer (t) is the power consumption of the electrolytic cell at time t, and the constraint condition is I electrolyzer (t)≤I max , P fc (t)≥P min , where I electrolyzer (t) is the electrolytic cell current at time t, I max is the maximum current allowed by the electrolytic cell, P fc (t) is the power generated by the fuel cell at time t, P min is the minimum power generation limit of the fuel cell.

9. The heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The design integration module includes a modular design unit and an integrated optimization unit. The modular design unit is used to design each device into a standardized module. The each device includes an integrated water storage and supply tank, a waste heat recovery device, a photovoltaic module, an electrolyzer, and a fuel cell. The integrated optimization unit is used to formulate unified integration specifications and interface standards and optimize pipeline layout, electrical connections, and communication lines.

10. A heat storage method for a hydrogen supply and storage system, characterized in that: A heat storage system for a hydrogen supply and storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: S1. Data acquisition: Collect the parameters of each node of the hydrogen supply and storage system, transmit the data, use edge computing technology to perform local data preprocessing on the parameters, and use filtering algorithms to process sensor data to obtain processed data; S2. Energy Forecasting: Based on processed data, the deep Q-network algorithm in deep reinforcement learning is used to establish an energy forecasting model to predict energy supply and demand. The energy forecasting model is then used to construct a constrained optimization model to generate equipment control instructions. S3, Recovery and Storage: The water pump on the waste heat recovery side transports the waste heat of the fuel cell to the integrated storage and supply water tank, and the turbulent flow structure in the water tank enhances the heat storage efficiency; S4. Supply conversion: When there is a demand for heat, a water pump on the user's water supply side draws heat from the water tank to supply the user, and the photovoltaic panels convert solar energy into electricity. The electricity drives the electrolyzer to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, and a hybrid energy storage system consisting of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors is used to store excess electricity. S5. Cascade utilization: high-temperature waste heat is converted into electricity through composite power generation technology, medium-temperature waste heat is used for cooling and preheating feed gas, and low-temperature waste heat is used for heating and preheating hydrogen; S6. Hydrogen energy-heat storage coupling: The waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation is transferred to the heat storage system through a heat exchanger. When the heat storage system has sufficient heat and there is a demand for hydrogen, the heat from the heat storage system is used to preheat the hydrogen, improving the efficiency of hydrogen transmission. When the heat storage system is insufficient, some of the hydrogen is used to generate electricity in the small fuel cell, and the waste heat generated is replenished to the heat storage system. S7. Monitoring and optimization: Design integrated modules to ensure equipment connectivity, integrate optimization units to optimize pipe, power, and communication lines, control monitoring modules to continuously collect parameters, and update models and instructions.

Images