Monitoring facility for railway wind-sand disaster prevention and control

Abstract

The invention discloses a monitoring facility for railway wind and sand disaster prevention and control, and relates to the technical field of wind and sand monitoring, the monitoring facility comprises a stand column, a rotating frame, a wind disturbing plate and a collecting mechanism, the rotating frame is rotatably installed on the stand column, and the wind disturbing plate is fixedly installed on the rotating frame; the collecting mechanism comprises a sand inlet shell, a cyclone dust removal shell, a ventilation pipeline, an electrostatic dust removal pipe, a cathode line, a collecting container, a first weighing sensor, a second weighing sensor, a first filter screen, a first valve and a second valve. The facility can collect and weigh the sand in a grading manner, so that a railway department can formulate a targeted early warning threshold according to the hazard characteristics of the sand wind with various particle sizes, the train accident risk caused by the sand wind is reduced, and precious time is won for emergency disposal; ballast bed cleaning and grading adjustment work can be reasonably arranged, and the maintenance cost is reduced; the discharge of materials in the collection container and the cyclone dust removal shell can be automatically controlled, excessive accumulation of the materials is avoided, and sand storm can be monitored for a long time under the unattended condition.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wind-sand monitoring, in particular to a monitoring facility for railway wind-sand disaster prevention. BACKGROUND

[0002] There are a large number of desert railways in the northwest of China, and wind-sand disaster is one of the main natural disasters threatening the safe operation of railways. The main manifestations of railway wind-sand disaster are sand burial of roadbed, consolidation of ballast bed and burial of steel rails, and in severe cases, it may lead to major accidents such as train derailment. At present, the monitoring of railway sand accumulation mainly relies on sand collecting devices, but different sizes of sand and dust particles have significant differences in the hazard mechanism to the railway system: coarse particles larger than 200 μm are easy to accumulate and bury the steel rails in a short time, medium particles of 5-200 μm gradually fill the ballast bed pores and change the track geometry, and fine particles smaller than 5 μm adsorb water due to high specific surface area, leading to consolidation of the ballast bed, reducing the track elasticity and drainage performance.

[0003] Existing monitoring equipment, such as the patent with publication number CN222232127U, realizes wind-sand collection at different heights by setting multiple sand collecting cylinders, but manual on-site sampling and weighing are required, and only a single sand filter screen is used for particle separation, which cannot effectively classify and detect sand and dust particles in different size ranges. The sand filter screen has a fixed aperture, and particles smaller than the filter aperture are directly discharged, which makes it impossible to accurately identify the degree of harm of particles of different sizes, making it difficult to develop targeted prevention strategies, and there are problems such as early warning lag and high maintenance cost. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a monitoring facility that can accurately separate and detect sand and dust particles of different sizes. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a monitoring facility for railway wind-sand disaster prevention, which realizes the separation and real-time weighing detection of coarse, medium and fine sand and dust particles, solves the problem of low detection efficiency and inability to classify detection of existing equipment, provides reliable data support for accurate early warning and scientific prevention of railway wind-sand disaster, and reduces the risk of railway operation safety and maintenance cost.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a monitoring facility for railway wind-sand disaster prevention, comprising: a stand; a rotating frame rotatably installed on the stand; a wind disturbing plate fixedly installed on the rotating frame; The collecting mechanism comprises a sand inlet shell, a cyclone dust removal shell, a ventilation duct, an electrostatic dust removal pipe, a cathode wire, a collecting container, a first weighing sensor and a second weighing sensor. The sand inlet shell is fixedly installed on the rotating frame. The sand inlet shell is provided with a collecting air inlet. The sand inlet shell is communicated with the cyclone dust removal shell through the ventilation duct. The first filter screen is installed on the ventilation duct. The collecting container is used for collecting the material settled in the sand inlet shell. The collecting container is weighed by the first weighing sensor. The collecting container is provided with a total discharge port. The first valve is installed on the total discharge port. The cyclone dust removal shell comprises a discharge pipe section extending into the sand inlet shell. The second valve is installed on the discharge pipe section. The lower end of the electrostatic dust removal pipe extends into the cyclone dust removal shell. The electrostatic dust removal pipe is weighed by the second weighing sensor. The electrostatic dust removal pipe is grounded. The cathode wire is installed in the electrostatic dust removal pipe.

[0006] Preferably, the collecting mechanism further comprises a bottom air inlet cover, a second filter screen and a third valve. The bottom air inlet cover is fixedly sleeved on the electrostatic dust removal pipe. The bottom air inlet cover is provided with the second filter screen at the bottom. The filter hole of the second filter screen is smaller than the filter hole of the first filter screen. The electrostatic dust removal pipe is radially provided with a dust removal air inlet. The dust removal air inlet is located inside the bottom air inlet cover. The bottom of the electrostatic dust removal pipe extends to below the bottom air inlet cover and is provided with the third valve.

[0007] Preferably, the upper part of the bottom air inlet cover is in a conical structure.

[0008] Preferably, the collecting mechanism further comprises a knocking device. The knocking device is used for knocking the sand inlet shell, the cyclone dust removal shell, the ventilation duct or the electrostatic dust removal pipe, so as to vibrate the sand inlet shell, the cyclone dust removal shell, the ventilation duct and the electrostatic dust removal pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the sand inlet shell comprises an inclined cylinder section and a vertical cylinder section. The lower end of the inclined cylinder section is connected with the upper end of the vertical cylinder section. The collecting container is located in the inclined cylinder section. The collecting air inlet and the ventilation duct are located on the inclined cylinder section.

[0010] Preferably, the collecting mechanism further comprises a baffle. The baffle is fixedly installed in the inclined cylinder section. The baffle divides the inclined cylinder section into an air inlet cavity and an air outlet cavity. The lower parts of the air inlet cavity and the air outlet cavity are communicated. The air enters the air inlet cavity through the collecting air inlet. After passing through the air outlet cavity, the air enters the cyclone dust removal shell through the ventilation duct. The baffle can block the airflow entering through the collecting air inlet. Most of the particles in the airflow fall to the collecting container at the bottom of the sand inlet shell under the action of gravity. A small part of the particles in the airflow rise into the air outlet cavity together with the airflow. The sand dust in the airflow is prevented from directly entering the ventilation duct through the collecting air inlet. The risk of blockage of the ventilation duct, the cyclone dust removal shell and the ventilation duct is reduced.

[0011] Preferably, a reverse tapered material guide is fixed in the vertical cylinder section, the reverse tapered material guide is located directly above the collecting container, and the lower end of the reverse tapered material guide has a smaller opening size than the upper end of the collecting container. The reverse tapered material guide facilitates the guiding of dust and sand in the vertical cylinder section into the collecting container, avoiding the entry of dust and sand into the gap between the vertical cylinder section and the collecting container.

[0012] Preferably, the inner cavity of the collecting container is in the shape of an inverted truncated cone. In this way, the dust and sand collected in the collecting container can be conveniently discharged from the total discharge port by gravity.

[0013] Preferably, a protective cover is mounted at the top end of the cyclone dust removal shell, the second weighing sensor and the electrostatic dust removal pipe are located inside the protective cover; a bend pipe is mounted at the top end of the electrostatic dust removal pipe, an exhaust port is formed in the protective cover, and the output end of the bend pipe is located inside the exhaust port. Air is discharged through the bend pipe. The protective cover can prevent foreign matter from falling on the electrostatic dust removal pipe, the bend pipe and the second weighing sensor, thereby avoiding affecting the weighing detection of the second weighing sensor.

[0014] Preferably, an opening degree adjusting valve is mounted on the collecting air inlet, and a wind speed sensor is mounted on the protective cover. The opening degree adjusting valve can adjust the opening degree, thereby adjusting the air intake of the collecting air inlet.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has at least one of the following beneficial effects: 1. The facility can collect and weigh dust in stages, so that the railway department can develop targeted early warning thresholds according to the hazard characteristics of wind sand of different particle sizes, reduce the risk of train accidents caused by wind sand, and gain valuable time for emergency disposal; the facility can reasonably arrange track bed cleaning and gradation adjustment work, avoid excessive maintenance or untimely maintenance, and reduce maintenance costs; 2. The first valve and the second valve can automatically control the discharge of materials in the collecting container and the cyclone dust removal shell, thereby avoiding excessive accumulation of materials, and long-term monitoring of wind sand can be realized without manual attendance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a perspective view of the monitoring facility of an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is an exploded schematic view of the collecting mechanism of an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a side view of the monitoring facility of an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is Figure 3 a sectional view along line A-A; Figure 5 It is Figure 4 a local enlarged view of position B in FIG. 4; Figure 6 It is Figure 4 a local enlarged view of position C in FIG. 4; In the figure, 1, column; 2, rotating frame; 3, spoiler; 4, collection mechanism; 401, sand inlet housing; 402, cyclone dust collector housing; 403, ventilation duct; 404, electrostatic dust collector tube; 405, cathode line; 406, collection container; 407, first weighing sensor; 408, second weighing sensor; 409, collection air inlet; 410, first filter; 411, knocking device; 412, main discharge port; 413, first valve ; 414, second valve; 415, bottom air inlet cover; 416, second filter; 417, third valve; 418, inclined cylindrical section; 419, vertical cylindrical section; 420, deflector baffle; 421, air inlet chamber; 422, air outlet chamber; 423, inverted cone guide hopper; 424, protective cover; 425, elbow; 426, exhaust port; 427, screw; 428, opening adjustment valve; 429, dust removal air inlet; 5, wind speed sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth numerous specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0018] See also Figures 1 to 6 The embodiment of the present application provides a monitoring facility for preventing and controlling wind and sand disasters on railways, including a column 1, a rotating frame 2, a wind spoiler 3 and a collection mechanism 4.

[0019] Among them, column 1 serves as the supporting foundation of the entire monitoring facility. It is vertically fixed at the key position along the railway where wind and sand disasters need to be monitored, providing a stable installation carrier for subsequent components.

[0020] The bottom of the column 1 can be configured as a pointed tip for easy insertion into the soil, or a base can be fixed to the ground. The column 1 ensures that the monitoring facility remains stable in windy and sandy environments, preventing shaking from affecting detection accuracy and ensuring long-term stable operation of the facility.

[0021] The rotating frame 2 is rotatably mounted on the column 1 through a bearing. The wind spoiler 3 is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame 2. The wind spoiler 3 is a rectangular thin plate structure, and may also be a trapezoidal or triangular structure.

[0022] The wind spoiler 3 and the collection mechanism 4 are located on both sides of the column 1. The wind spoiler 3 is used to sense changes in wind direction. Under the action of wind force, it drives the rotating frame 2 to rotate so that the collection air inlet 409 is facing the wind direction, thereby ensuring that the wind and sand flow can smoothly enter the collection air inlet 409.

[0023] The collecting mechanism 4 comprises a sand inlet shell 401, a cyclone dust removal shell 402, a ventilation duct 403, an electrostatic dust removal pipe 404, a cathode wire 405, a collecting container 406, a first weighing sensor 407, a second weighing sensor 408, and the like.

[0024] The sand inlet shell 401 is fixedly installed on the rotating frame 2, and a collecting air inlet 409 is arranged on the sand inlet shell 401. The sand inlet shell 401 is in communication with the cyclone dust removal shell 402 through the ventilation duct 403. The ventilation duct 403 is fixedly connected with the sand inlet shell 401 and the cyclone dust removal shell 402.

[0025] The sand inlet shell 401 cooperates with the collecting air inlet 409 to enable large particles to rapidly settle to the collecting container 406 under the action of gravity. The air in the sand inlet shell 401 enters the cyclone dust removal shell 402 through the ventilation duct 403.

[0026] The ventilation duct 403 is a hard duct capable of transmitting vibration. When one of the ventilation duct 403, the sand inlet shell 401, and the cyclone dust removal shell 402 is knocked to vibrate, the ventilation duct 403 synchronously vibrates with the sand inlet shell 401 and the cyclone dust removal shell 402, facilitating the discharge of the collected sand and dust.

[0027] The first filter screen 410 is installed on the ventilation duct 403. The first filter screen 410 limits the passage of sand and dust particles with a size greater than 200 μm, and allows particles smaller than 200 μm to enter the cyclone dust removal shell 402. The collecting container 406 directly captures sand and dust particles with a size greater than 200 μm, laying a foundation for the separation of medium particles and fine particles, forming the first step of graded detection, effectively avoiding the blockage and wear of subsequent separation components by large particles, and ensuring the stable operation of the overall equipment.

[0028] The collecting container 406 is used to collect the material settled in the sand inlet shell 401, and the first weighing sensor 407 is used to weigh the collected material. The first weighing sensor 407 is an annular weighing sensor, which obtains real-time weight data of the collected sand and dust in the collecting container 406.

[0029] To facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the first weighing sensor 407 and the collecting container 406, the sand inlet shell 401 is connected with the rotating frame 2 through bolts and nuts. The first weighing sensor 407 is installed on the rotating frame 2. By removing the bolts and nuts, the first weighing sensor 407 and the collecting container 406 located in the sand inlet shell 401 can be removed.

[0030] The collecting container 406 is provided with a total discharge port 412 at the bottom, and a first valve 413 is installed on the total discharge port 412. The first valve 413 is an electric valve, which can automatically control the opening of the total discharge port 412 to discharge the material in the collecting container 406 and avoid excessive accumulation.

[0031] The cyclone dust removal shell 402 mainly uses centrifugal force to separate medium particles of sand dust. The airflow entering the cyclone dust removal shell 402 through the ventilation pipe 403 enters in a tangential direction, forming a rotating airflow field in the cyclone dust removal shell 402, so that the airflow and the particles obtain centrifugal force. In the rotating airflow, the medium particles of 5-200 μm are relatively large in mass, and the centrifugal force acting on them is significantly greater than the drag force of the airflow. Under the action of the centrifugal force, these particles are quickly thrown to the inner wall of the cyclone dust removal shell 402. After the particles collide with the inner wall, the kinetic energy decreases, and under the action of gravity, the particles slide along the wall to the bottom of the cyclone dust removal shell 402, and finally settle in the discharge pipe section of the cyclone dust removal shell 402 extending into the sand inlet shell 401. The fine particles with a size less than 5 μm gradually converge to the center of the cyclone dust removal shell 402 due to their small mass and relatively small centrifugal force, forming an upward inner vortex, and finally entering the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404.

[0032] A second valve 414 is installed on the discharge pipe section. The second valve 414 is an electric valve, which can automatically control the discharge of the discharge pipe section. The material in the cyclone dust removal shell 402 is discharged into the collection container 406 through the discharge pipe section. The first weighing sensor 407 detects the instantaneous excess weight, which is the weight of the material in the cyclone dust removal shell 402. The second valve 414 is arranged in the sand inlet shell 401, which can make the structure of the entire facility more compact. Of course, in other embodiments, the second valve 414 can also be located outside the sand inlet shell 401.

[0033] The electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 is coaxially arranged with the dust removal shell with a gap and does not contact each other. The lower end of the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 extends into the cyclone dust removal shell 402 and is weighed by the second weighing sensor 408. The electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 is grounded, and the cathode wire 405 is installed in the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 and is insulated from the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404.

[0034] The second weighing sensor 408 is installed at the top end of the cyclone dust removal shell 402, and the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 is installed on the second weighing sensor 408. The second weighing sensor 408 is a ring-shaped weighing sensor, which obtains the weight data of the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 and the components fixedly connected with the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 in real time. Since the weights of these components are constant, after the discharge of the sharp end of the cathode wire 405, the air in the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 is ionized to form a plasma region. Small particle sand dust captures electrons in the plasma region, and after being charged, the motion trajectory is deflected to the inner wall of the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 under the action of the Coulomb force. The charged particles are adsorbed by the grounded electrostatic dust removal pipe 404, and the second weighing sensor 408 detects the increased weight, which is the weight of the collected small particle sand dust.

[0035] The post 1 of the embodiment is provided with a plurality of rotating frames 2 according to the height to be detected, and the corresponding collecting mechanism 4 and the wind disturbing plate 3 are arranged on the rotating frame 2.

[0036] The embodiment is further provided with a controller, which is not shown. The controller can be fixed on the post 1 or separately fixed on the ground through the base. The controller is electrically connected with the electrical elements of the monitoring facility, such as the first valve 413, the second valve 414, the first weighing sensor 407, the second weighing sensor 408, and the cathode wire 405.

[0037] The first weighing sensor 407 and the second weighing sensor 408 monitor the weight of the sand and dust in the collecting container 406 and the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 in real time, and convert the data into electrical signals and transmit them to the controller. After receiving the data, the controller converts the analog signals into digital signals by using the built-in A / D conversion module to complete data acquisition. Subsequently, the controller transmits the weight data of sand and dust of different particle sizes, the running state of the equipment and other information to the railway dispatching center or the remote monitoring platform in real time according to the agreed communication protocol, such as LoRa, 4G / 5G, so that the staff can remotely monitor the monitoring situation. Alternatively, the controller transmits the weight data of sand and dust of different particle sizes, the running state of the equipment and other information to the railway dispatching center or the remote monitoring platform in real time through wired connection.

[0038] The controller has a built-in data analysis algorithm to compare and analyze the received sand and dust weight data with the preset threshold value. If the content of large particles with a size greater than 200 μm exceeds the threshold value, it is determined that there is a risk of steel rail burial, and the controller immediately sends a warning message to the railway dispatching center through the wireless transceiver module and starts the track inspection program; if the content of medium particles with a size of 5-200 μm is abnormal, the track geometry parameter change risk is evaluated in combination with historical data and the track bed porosity model, and a suggestion is sent to the maintenance department to arrange track bed cleaning or gradation adjustment work; if the content of fine particles with a size less than 5 μm is too high, the track bed hardening risk is warned, and the track bed maintenance measure instruction is pushed in advance. Through intelligent analysis, data support is provided for railway disaster prevention decision-making.

[0039] When the monitoring facility is continuously operated for 24 hours, the controller automatically sends opening instructions to the first valve 413 and the second valve 414 in turn to discharge the sand and dust in the collecting container 406 and the cyclone dust removal shell 402, and clean the equipment.

[0040] The following will describe the harm of large particle sand and dust with a size greater than 200 μm, medium particle sand and dust with a size of 5-200 μm, and small particle sand and dust with a size less than 5 μm to the railway.

[0041] Large-grained sand and gravel mainly consist of fine sand and gravel, which have large particle size and heavy weight. Under the action of wind, they move in the form of saltation and creep. The most direct harm of this kind of sand and gravel to railway is track burial. When sand and gravel disaster occurs, a large amount of large-grained sand and gravel quickly accumulates on the track, causing the track surface to be covered, affecting the wheel-rail contact of the train, and reducing the track geometric position accuracy. In addition, large-grained sand and gravel will cause wear to the rail and tie during train operation, accelerate the aging and damage of track components, and increase the maintenance cost and frequency.

[0042] Medium-grained sand and gravel mainly consist of fine sand, which moves in the form of saltation and suspension. Along the railway, this kind of particle is easy to fill the ballast void and gradually change the gradation composition of the ballast. With the continuous accumulation of medium-grained sand and gravel, the porosity of the ballast decreases, leading to the decrease of the drainage performance of the ballast, and causing water accumulation during rainfall, further weakening the bearing capacity of the ballast. The increase of the content of 5-200 μm particles in the ballast leads to a significant increase of the elastic modulus of the ballast, aggravating the problem of uneven track stiffness, and increasing the vibration and impact generated by the train, which not only affects the riding comfort, but also causes additional damage to the track structure and vehicle components. At the same time, medium-grained sand and gravel also invade the key parts of the track fastening, turnout, etc., affecting the normal operation of the components, increasing the probability of failure, and threatening the safety of train operation.

[0043] Fine-grained sand and gravel mainly consist of silt and clay, which have high specific surface area and strong adsorption, and exist in the form of suspension in the atmosphere for a long time. The harm of this kind of particle to railway mainly lies in the ballast hardening. Fine-grained sand and gravel penetrate into the deep layer of the ballast, fill the small voids between the ballast, and are bonded together under the action of water and train vibration, making the ballast gradually lose elasticity and become hard and dense. When the content of fine-grained sand and gravel in the ballast exceeds a certain proportion, the degree of ballast hardening significantly increases, leading to the increase of wheel-rail force during train operation, and aggravating the wear and fatigue damage of the rail. In addition, fine-grained sand and gravel may also invade the precision components of railway signal equipment and train braking system, causing blockage, wear or electrical failure of the components, and seriously affecting the normal operation of the railway system.

[0044] The monitoring facility of the embodiment can provide key support for the prevention and control of railway sand and gravel disaster through the weighing and content detection of sand and gravel of different particle sizes. The following explains the significant benefits brought by it from the aspects of disaster early warning, maintenance method, and equipment protection.

[0045] Through weighing and content detection of different particle sizes of wind sand respectively, the railway department can formulate targeted early warning thresholds according to the hazard characteristics of each particle size of wind sand. For example, in the Yandun wind area of Lanzhou-Xinjiang high-speed railway, it is known through monitoring that the 6-hour accumulation of large particle wind sand on the track surface exceeding 12 cm will seriously affect train operation. When the content of this particle size of wind sand reaches the corresponding threshold, a speed limit or shutdown warning can be issued in advance. Compared with the previous general monitoring, the accuracy of the warning is greatly improved, greatly reducing the risk of train accidents caused by wind sand and gaining valuable time for emergency disposal.

[0046] Different particle sizes of wind sand have different ways and degrees of harm to the railway. The accurate data provided by the monitoring facility of the present application are helpful for formulating scientific maintenance strategies. For example, in the Milang section of Ge'erdun-Kuqa railway, according to the annual growth data of medium particle size wind sand detected by the device, combined with the influence law of the medium particle size wind sand on the elastic modulus of the track bed, the track bed cleaning and gradation adjustment work can be reasonably arranged to avoid excessive maintenance or untimely maintenance and reduce maintenance costs. At the same time, according to the content of fine particle size wind sand, the risk of track bed hardening can be accurately judged, and measures can be taken in advance to prevent hardening and reduce additional repair costs caused by the decline of track performance.

[0047] For the wear of steel rails and sleepers caused by large particle wind sand, the protection of steel rail coating and the reinforcement of sleepers can be strengthened; for the problem of medium particle size wind sand invading key components of the track, the sealing design of the components can be optimized; in view of the influence of fine particle size wind sand on precision equipment, high-efficiency filtering devices can be installed for signal equipment and braking systems to effectively prolong the service life of the equipment and ensure the stable operation of the railway system.

[0048] In some embodiments, to avoid medium particle sand dust entering the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404, the collection mechanism 4 further includes a bottom air inlet cover 415, a second filter screen 416, and a third valve 417. The bottom air inlet cover 415 is fixedly sleeved on the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404, and the second filter screen 416 is installed at the bottom thereof, and the filter hole diameter of the second filter screen 416 is smaller than that of the first filter screen 410; the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 is radially provided with a dust removal air inlet 429 located inside the bottom air inlet cover 415, and the bottom of the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 extends below the bottom air inlet cover 415 and is provided with the third valve 417.

[0049] The bottom air inlet cover 415 can avoid the sand dust particles falling under the centrifugal force and gravity from directly entering the dust removal air inlet 429. The cooperation between the dust removal air inlet 429 and the bottom air inlet cover 415 ensures that the upward airflow carrying fine particles smoothly enters the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404. The second filter screen 416 is arranged to allow fine particles smaller than 5 μm to pass into the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404, and to intercept medium particles of 5-200 μm in the cyclone dust removal shell 402, so that the cyclone dust collector captures particles in the range of 5-200 μm, and realizes the precise separation of medium particles and fine particles. The second filter screen 416 is located at the bottom of the bottom air inlet cover 415 instead of the side, which can reduce the risk of blockage and facilitate the upward fine particles to enter the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404.

[0050] In addition, the upper part of the bottom air inlet cover 415 is in a conical structure, which facilitates the fine particles to converge to the bottom under the action of gravity, prevents the particles from accumulating on the air inlet cover, reduces the risk of blockage, ensures the long-term stable operation of the equipment, and reduces the maintenance workload.

[0051] When the monitoring facility is continuously operated for 24 hours, the controller automatically sends opening instructions to the first valve 413, the second valve 414 and the third valve 417 in turn, discharges the sand dust in the collection container 406, the cyclone dust removal shell 402 and the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404, and cleans the equipment.

[0052] In some embodiments, in order to prevent sand dust particles from adhering to the inner wall of the equipment, the collection mechanism further includes a knocking device 411 for knocking the sand inlet shell 401, the cyclone dust removal shell 402, the ventilation pipe 403 or the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 to make them vibrate.

[0053] In this embodiment, the knocking device 411 is installed at the top end of the cyclone dust removal shell 402, and specifically can be installed on the detachable top cover at the top of the cyclone dust removal shell 402. The cyclone dust removal shell 402 directly knocks the cyclone dust removal shell 402. The knocking device 411 is selected from a push-pull electromagnet. The knocking device 411 is electrically connected to the controller. The knocking device 411 can also be selected from an electromagnetic hammer vibrator or other devices capable of achieving the knocking function under the control of the controller.

[0054] The controller controls the knocking device 411 to work periodically or according to the detection data. For example, when the collected particles in the cyclone dust removal shell 402 are detected by weighing, the knocking device 411 continuously knocks the cyclone dust removal shell 402, so that the cyclone dust removal shell 402 vibrates. The cyclone dust removal shell 402 transmits the vibration to the sand inlet shell 401, the ventilation pipe 403 and the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404, so that the particles adhering to the inner wall of the equipment fall off, avoiding the influence of particle accumulation on the normal operation of the equipment and the detection accuracy, and ensuring the continuity and accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0055] In addition, when the sand and dust particles in the collection container 406 are to be emptied by opening the first valve 413, the knocking device 411 can be controlled to work by the controller. When the sand and dust particles in the cyclone dust removal shell 402 are to be emptied by opening the second valve 414, the knocking device 411 can be controlled to work by the controller. In particular, when the sand and dust particles attached to the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 need to be cleaned, the third valve 417 is opened, and the knocking device 411 is controlled to work by the controller to knock the sand and dust particles attached to the inner wall of the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 down.

[0056] In some embodiments, in order to make the structure of the device more compact and facilitate the rapid sliding of large particles of sand and dust into the collection container 406, the sand inlet shell 401 is provided with an inclined cylindrical section 418 and a vertical cylindrical section 419, the lower end of the inclined cylindrical section 418 is connected to the upper end of the vertical cylindrical section 419, the collection container 406 is located in the inclined cylindrical section 418, and the collection inlet 409 and the ventilation duct 403 are located on the inclined cylindrical section 418.

[0057] The design of the inclined cylindrical section 418 facilitates the rapid sliding of large particles of sand and dust under the action of gravity into the collection container 406, which can increase the settling velocity of large particles and reduce the risk of blockage compared with a horizontal structure. At the same time, this structure makes the use of the internal space of the sand inlet shell 401 more reasonable, optimizes the airflow path, and improves the sand and dust collection efficiency.

[0058] In order to facilitate the rapid settling of large particles of sand and dust with a size greater than 200 μm into the collection container 406, the collection mechanism 4 of the present embodiment further comprises a baffle 420, which is fixedly installed in the inclined cylindrical section 418 to divide it into an air inlet cavity 421 and an air outlet cavity 422, and the lower parts of the air inlet cavity 421 and the air outlet cavity 422 are communicated.

[0059] In the present embodiment, air enters the air inlet cavity 421 through the collection inlet 409, and then enters the cyclone dust removal shell 402 through the ventilation duct 403 after passing through the air outlet cavity 422. The baffle 420 effectively blocks the high-speed airflow entering through the collection inlet 409, so that most of the large particles of sand and dust in the airflow fall under the action of gravity into the collection container 406 at the bottom of the sand inlet shell 401, and a small part of the particles of sand and dust rise into the air outlet cavity 422 with the airflow, thereby avoiding the sand and dust in the airflow directly entering the ventilation duct 403 through the collection inlet 409 and reducing the risk of blockage of the ventilation duct 403 and the cyclone dust removal shell 402. At the same time, the airflow is rectified to make the airflow entering the ventilation duct 403 more stable, which creates good conditions for the subsequent efficient separation of the cyclone dust removal shell 402 and the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404, and improves the reliability and stability of the overall device.

[0060] To smoothly guide the sand and dust in the vertical cylinder segment 419 into the collection container 406, the embodiment is provided with a reverse tapered material guide hopper 423 fixed in the vertical cylinder segment 419, which is located directly above the collection container 406, and the lower end opening size of which is smaller than the upper end opening size of the collection container 406.

[0061] It can be understood that the reverse tapered material guide hopper 423 can smoothly guide the sand and dust in the vertical cylinder segment 419 into the collection container 406, effectively avoid the sand and dust from entering the gap between the vertical cylinder segment 419 and the collection container 406, prevent the sand and dust from accumulating to affect the weighing accuracy of the collection container 406, ensure the accurate measurement of the weight data of the large particle wind sand, and provide more accurate data support for the risk assessment of the buried steel rail.

[0062] In some embodiments, to reduce the discharge time and residual amount, the inner cavity of the collection container 406 is designed in a reverse tapered platform shape. This shape design makes the sand and dust collected in the collection container 406 more easily discharged from the total discharge port 412 by the action of gravity, and compared with the traditional cylindrical container, the discharge speed is faster, which can reduce the discharge time and residual amount.

[0063] In some embodiments, to reduce the weighing error, the protective cover 424 is installed at the top end of the cyclone dust removal shell 402, and the second weighing sensor 408 and the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 are located inside the protective cover 424; to facilitate the gas in the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 to be discharged to the outside, the elbow pipe 425 is installed at the top end of the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404, the exhaust port 426 is opened on the protective cover 424, and the output end of the elbow pipe 425 is located inside the exhaust port 426.

[0064] It can be understood that the protective cover 424 can effectively avoid the foreign matter from falling on the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404, the elbow pipe 425 and the second weighing sensor 408, prevent the foreign matter from affecting the weighing detection accuracy of the second weighing sensor 408, protect the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 and the elbow pipe 425 from being eroded by the wind sand, prolong the service life of the equipment, and ensure the weighing detection to be accurate and reliable, thereby providing a stable data source for the monitoring of the ballast board consolidation and the track geometric parameter change.

[0065] The vertical section of the elbow pipe 425 is detachably installed with the screw rod 427, the screw rod 427 extends out of the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404 at both ends and is installed with nuts, the top of the cathode wire 405 has a mounting hole which is sleeved on the screw rod 427, and the cathode wire 405 is fixed on the screw rod 427 through another two nuts. The screw rod 427 is selected from an insulating hard plastic screw rod 427. In this way, the working section of the cathode wire 405 is located in the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404. In other embodiments, the screw rod 427 can also be detachably installed on the electrostatic dust removal pipe 404.

[0066] In some embodiments, the opening degree adjusting valve 428 is installed on the collection air inlet 409, and the opening degree adjusting valve 428 is a component of the collection mechanism 4, and the wind speed sensor 5 is installed on the protective cover 424.

[0067] The opening degree adjusting valve 428 is an electrically adjusted gate valve, and the opening degree adjusting valve 428 and the wind speed sensor 5 are electrically connected with the controller. According to the wind speed information, the air inlet amount can be flexibly adjusted through the controller, the opening degree is increased to improve the collection efficiency when the wind sand is large, and the opening degree is reduced to avoid equipment overload when the wind sand is small; the monitoring facility can be efficiently and stably operated in different wind sand environments, and the adaptability and reliability of the monitoring data are improved. For example, when the wind sand weather occurs in the monitoring area, the wind speed reaches a preset threshold, such as 5 m / s, the controller automatically sends an instruction to the opening degree adjusting valve 428, and the opening degree adjusting valve 428 is opened to 70%.

[0068] In the hierarchical detection process, the controller controls the cooperation of each component according to a preset time logic. For example, after monitoring for 10 minutes, the opening degree adjusting valve 428 is controlled to close the collection air inlet 409 to reduce the influence of airflow, the first weighing sensor 407 data is read, the knocking device 411 can be combined to knock the cyclone dust removal shell 402 to make it vibrate, the vibration is transmitted to the sand inlet shell 401, and the sand and dust particles are prevented from adhering to the inner wall of the sand inlet shell 401, so that the detection accuracy is improved; then the second valve 414 is controlled to be opened, and the sand and dust in the cyclone dust removal shell 402 is guided into the collection container 406, at this time, the increased weight detected by the first weighing sensor 407 is the weight of the sand and dust collected in the cyclone dust removal shell 402, and the knocking device 411 can be combined to knock the cyclone dust removal shell 402 to make it vibrate, so that the sand and dust particles are prevented from adhering to the inner wall of the cyclone dust removal shell 402, thereby improving the detection accuracy.

[0069] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily, and to make the description simple, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but as long as the combinations of the technical features do not exist, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

[0070] The above embodiments only express several implementation manners of the present application, the description is more specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of the patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

[0071] In the description of the application, it is to be understood by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the application.

[0072] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited.

[0073] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise explicitly limited. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A monitoring facility for preventing and controlling wind-blown sand disasters on railways, characterized in that: include: Column (1); A rotating frame (2) is rotatably mounted on the column (1); A spoiler (3) is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame (2); The collecting mechanism (4) comprises a sand inlet housing (401), a cyclone dust removal housing (402), a ventilation duct (403), an electrostatic dust removal pipe (404), a cathode line (405), a collecting container (406), a first weighing sensor (407), and a second weighing sensor (408); wherein the sand inlet housing (401) is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame (2), a collecting air inlet (409) is provided on the sand inlet housing (401), the sand inlet housing (401) is connected to the cyclone dust removal housing (402) through the ventilation duct (403), a first filter screen (410) is installed on the ventilation duct (403), and the collecting container (406) is used to collect the sand. Materials settled in the sand inlet housing (401) are collected and weighed in a collection container (406) by a first weighing sensor (407). A total discharge port (412) is provided at the bottom of the collection container (406). A first valve (413) is installed on the total discharge port (412). The cyclone dust removal housing (402) includes a discharge pipe section extending into the sand inlet housing (401). A second valve (414) is installed on the discharge pipe section. The lower end of the electrostatic dust removal pipe (404) extends into the cyclone dust removal housing (402). The electrostatic dust removal pipe (404) is weighed by a second weighing sensor (408). A cathode line (405) is installed in the electrostatic dust removal pipe (404).

2. The monitoring facility for preventing and controlling railway sandstorm disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collecting mechanism (4) further comprises a bottom air inlet hood (415), a second filter (416) and a third valve (417). The bottom air inlet hood (415) is fixedly mounted on the electrostatic precipitator tube (404). A second filter (416) is installed at the bottom of the bottom air inlet hood (415). The filter holes of the second filter (416) are smaller than the filter holes of the first filter (410). The electrostatic precipitator tube (404) is radially provided with a dust removal air inlet (429). The dust removal air inlet (429) is located on the inner side of the bottom air inlet hood (415). The bottom of the electrostatic precipitator tube (404) extends to the bottom of the bottom air inlet hood (415) and is provided with a third valve (417).

3. The monitoring facility for preventing and controlling railway sandstorm disasters according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper portion of the bottom air inlet cover (415) is in a conical structure.

4. The monitoring facility for preventing and controlling railway sandstorm disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collecting mechanism (4) further comprises a knocking device (411), which is used to knock the sand inlet housing (401), the cyclone dust removal housing (402), the ventilation duct (403) or the electrostatic precipitator (404), so as to vibrate the sand inlet housing (401), the cyclone dust removal housing (402), the ventilation duct (403) and the electrostatic precipitator (404).

5. The monitoring facility for preventing and controlling railway sandstorm disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand inlet housing (401) comprises an inclined cylindrical section (418) and a vertical cylindrical section (419), the lower end of the inclined cylindrical section (418) is connected to the upper end of the vertical cylindrical section (419), the collection container (406) is located in the inclined cylindrical section (418), and the air collection inlet (409) and the ventilation duct (403) are located on the inclined cylindrical section (418).

6. The monitoring facility for preventing and controlling railway sandstorm disasters according to claim 5, characterized in that: The collecting mechanism (4) further comprises a deflection baffle (420), which is fixedly mounted in the inclined cylindrical section (418). The deflection baffle (420) divides the inclined cylindrical section (418) into an air inlet chamber (421) and an air outlet chamber (422), and the lower parts of the air inlet chamber (421) and the air outlet chamber (422) are connected.

7. The monitoring facility for preventing and controlling railway sandstorm disasters according to claim 5, characterized in that: An inverted conical guide hopper (423) is fixed in the vertical cylindrical section (419). The inverted conical guide hopper (423) is located directly above the collection container (406). The size of the lower opening of the inverted conical guide hopper (423) is smaller than the size of the upper opening of the collection container (406).

8. The monitoring facility for preventing and controlling railway sandstorm disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the collecting container (406) is in the shape of an inverted cone.

9. The monitoring facility for preventing and controlling railway sandstorm disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective cover (424) is installed at the top of the cyclone dust removal housing (402), and the second weighing sensor (408) and the electrostatic dust removal tube (404) are located inside the protective cover (424). A curved pipe (425) is installed at the top of the electrostatic dust removal tube (404), and an exhaust port (426) is provided on the protective cover (424). The output end of the curved pipe (425) is located inside the exhaust port (426).

10. The monitoring facility for preventing and controlling railway sandstorm disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: An opening regulating valve (428) is installed on the air collection inlet (409), and a wind speed sensor (5) is installed on the protective cover (424).

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