Wind power tower load loading test device and evaluation system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation tests, and discloses a wind power tower load loading test device and an evaluation system.The wind power tower load loading test device comprises a test bed, a loading structure and a load actuation structure; by arranging the loading structure and the load actuating structure, vertical axial force, bending moment, horizontal shearing force and torque can be applied to a test piece at the same time, and the test device is closer to the actual stress working condition compared with a traditional loading mode, so that the accuracy and reliability of test data are improved; the first actuator is arranged perpendicular to the upper end face of the loading piece so as to simulate the axial load and bending moment effect borne by the wind power tower in the operation process. The second actuator is arranged perpendicular to the side face of the loading part so as to apply shearing force and torque, multi-dimensional combined loading is achieved, and mechanical property analysis of complex load combination is facilitated; the loading mode is controlled through the actuator, the controlled and accurate load applying process is achieved, manual intervention is reduced, and the test efficiency and consistency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation testing, and in particular to a wind power tower load loading test device and an evaluation system. Background Art

[0002] The continuous development of wind power generation technology has placed higher demands on the height and load-bearing capacity of wind turbine towers. Compared to traditional steel towers, concrete wind turbine towers have gradually become a key development direction for large-megawatt wind turbine tower structures due to their lower cost, better durability, and wider availability of materials. Currently, concrete wind turbine towers generally adopt an assembled structure. This involves assembling and connecting several precast concrete segments vertically from top to bottom. Joints are set between the segments and bonded with epoxy resin adhesive. Vertical prestressing is then applied throughout the top of the tower, placing the entire tower under compression, thereby improving the structural integrity and stability.

[0003] However, during the long-term operation of wind turbines, concrete wind turbine towers will continue to be subjected to frequent coupling of multiple loads, including compression, bending, shear, and torsion, with the number of loading cycles reaching hundreds of millions. Under high-frequency cyclic loading or extreme weather loads, the structural adhesive at the joints of the tower sections may suffer fatigue cracking, shear failure, or even complete cross-sectional debonding failure, leading to adhesive joint failure, severely weakening the overall load-bearing capacity of the tower and posing a significant structural safety risk.

[0004] Prior art assesses the structural performance of concrete wind turbine towers, often using finite element simulation to analyze their load-bearing capacity. However, these simulations are subject to numerous uncertainties, such as the high discreteness of concrete materials and the difficulty in accurately quantifying the bonding properties of joints. These factors significantly limit the accuracy and reliability of these results, making it difficult to truly reflect the mechanical response and failure modes of the structure under complex operating conditions.

[0005] On the other hand, although conducting physical loading tests on prototype towers is an effective way to verify the bearing capacity of towers, due to the huge size of concrete wind turbine towers, with a typical diameter of 8 to 10 meters, prototype tests face a series of technical bottlenecks such as limited test sites, insufficient load rating of test equipment, high test costs and high operational risks, making prototype tower tests difficult to promote and apply on a large scale in actual projects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a wind tower load testing device and an evaluation system to solve the problems in the prior art of difficulty in loading tests on wind towers and low accuracy of test results.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: In the first aspect, the present invention provides a wind tower load loading test device, comprising: a test bench, a loading structure, and a load actuating structure; the loading structure comprises a fixed base and a loading member, the fixed base is fixedly arranged on the test bench, the loading member is arranged above the fixed base, and the test member is suitable for being fixedly installed between the fixed base and the loading member; the load actuating structure comprises a first actuator and a second actuator, the first actuator is arranged above the loading member, and is perpendicular to the upper end face of the loading member, and the first actuator is suitable for applying vertical axial force and bending moment to the loading member; the first actuator is arranged on one side of the loading member, and is perpendicular to the side face of the loading member, and the second actuator is suitable for applying horizontal shear force and torque to the loading member.

[0008] It has the following advantages: The present invention can simultaneously apply vertical axial force, bending moment, horizontal shear force and torque to the test piece by setting a loading structure and a load actuation structure, which is closer to the actual stress condition than the traditional loading method, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the test data. The fixed base and the loading member in the loading structure are suitable for installing various types of test pieces to adapt to wind tower test pieces of different models or structural sizes. The first actuator is perpendicular to the upper end face of the loading member to simulate the axial load and bending moment that the wind tower bears during operation; the second actuator is perpendicular to the side of the loading member to apply shear force and torque to achieve multi-dimensional joint loading, which is convenient for mechanical performance analysis of complex load combinations; the loading method is controlled by the actuator to achieve a controlled and precise load application process, reduce manual intervention, and improve test efficiency and consistency. The test device of the present invention can be widely used in the research and development, verification and optimization of wind tower structures, and provide scientific and reliable test data support for engineering design and structural safety assessment.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the wind tower load loading test device also includes a limiting structure fixed on the test bench, the limiting structure is arranged to fit together with one side of the fixed base and the loading member, and the limiting structure is suitable for limiting the displacement deformation of the fixed base and the loading member.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the test piece includes a first component and a second component, the first component is fixedly connected to the fixed base, the second component is fixedly connected to the loading component, and the first component and the second component are fixedly connected by an adhesive; the loading structure also includes a prestressed component, the prestressed component is sequentially arranged from top to bottom through the loading component, the second component, the first component, and the fixed base, and is fixedly connected to the test bench, and the prestressed component is suitable for connecting the first component and the second component to form a whole.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of prestressed components are provided, and the plurality of prestressed components are evenly spaced along the circumference of the test piece.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the wind tower load loading test device also includes a fixed bracket, which is fixedly installed on the test bench and spans both sides of the loading structure. One end of the first actuator is slidably arranged on the fixed bracket, and the other end abuts against the loading member to be suitable for applying a load to the loading member.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the fixed bracket is provided with a first slide rail, the length direction of the first slide rail is arranged in the horizontal direction, the first actuator includes a first telescopic member, one end of the first telescopic member is slidably connected to the first slide rail via a connecting plate, and the other end of the first telescopic member abuts against the loading member; The first actuator slides back and forth along the length direction of the first slide rail to adjust the bending moment parameter applied to the loader; the first telescopic member can be telescopic along the vertical direction to adjust the vertical axial force parameter applied to the loader.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the first actuator further includes a roller assembly, which is provided at the other end of the first telescopic member and abuts against the upper end surface of the loading member.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the test bench includes a table top and a reaction wall that are perpendicular to each other, the loading structure is provided on the table top, the second actuator includes a second telescopic member, one end of the second telescopic member is movably connected to the reaction wall, and the other end of the second telescopic member is in contact with the loading member, the reaction wall is provided with a second slide rail, and the length direction of the second slide rail is arranged in the horizontal direction; The second actuator slides back and forth along the length direction of the second slide rail to adjust the torque parameters applied to the loader; the second telescopic member telescopes along its length direction to adjust the horizontal shear force parameters applied to the loader.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a wind tower bearing capacity assessment system, comprising: A wind power tower load loading test device, on which a test piece is fixedly mounted, the test piece comprising a first component and a second component; a sensing element, disposed on the side walls of the first component and the second component; a dynamic strain gauge, the sensing element, the prestressed component, and the load-actuating structure are all in communication with the dynamic strain gauge, and the dynamic strain gauge is suitable for obtaining stress change parameters after a load is applied to the test piece; The terminal is communicatively connected to the dynamic strain gauge, and is adapted to receive stress change parameters fed back by the dynamic strain gauge and process and output evaluation indicators.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the wind tower bearing capacity assessment system further includes an image acquisition device, which is communicatively connected to the terminal, and is suitable for acquiring deformation parameters of the test piece and feeding them back to the terminal, and the terminal processes the deformation parameters and outputs the assessment index. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural axial view of a wind tower load testing device provided in an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 2 A structural side view of a wind tower load testing device provided in an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural principle diagram of a wind tower bearing capacity assessment system provided in an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention.

[0020] Description of reference numerals: 1. Test bench; 11. Table; 12. Reaction wall; 2. Loading structure; 21. Fixed base; 22. Loading member; 23. Prestressed member; 3. Load-actuating structure; 31. First actuator; 32. Second actuator; 4. Fixed bracket; 5. Limiting structure; 6. Test piece; 61. First member; 62. Second member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in the first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a wind tower load loading test device, including: a test bench 1, a loading structure 2, and a load actuating structure 3; the loading structure 2 includes a fixed base 21 and a loading member 22, the fixed base 21 is fixedly arranged on the test bench 1, and the loading member 22 is arranged above the fixed base 21, and the fixed base 21 and the loading member 22 are suitable for fixing and installing the test member 6; the load actuating structure 3 includes a first actuator 31 and a second actuator 32, the first actuator 31 is arranged above the loading member 22, and is perpendicular to the upper end face of the loading member 22, and the first actuator 31 is suitable for applying vertical axial force and bending moment to the loading member 22; the first actuator 31 is arranged on one side of the loading member 22, and is perpendicular to the side face of the loading member 22, and the second actuator 32 is suitable for applying horizontal shear force and torque to the loading member 22.

[0026] Specifically, the present invention, by providing a loading structure 2 and a load-actuating structure 3, can simultaneously apply vertical axial force, bending moment, horizontal shear force, and torque to the test piece 6, which is closer to the actual stress conditions than traditional loading methods, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the test data. The fixed base 21 and the loading member 22 in the loading structure 2 are suitable for installing various types of test pieces 6 to adapt to wind turbine tower test pieces of different models or structural sizes. The first actuator 31 is perpendicular to the upper end face of the loading member 22 to simulate the axial load and bending moment that the wind turbine tower is subjected to during operation; the second actuator 32 is perpendicular to the side of the loading member 22 to apply shear force and torque, realizing multi-dimensional combined loading and facilitating the mechanical performance analysis of complex load combinations; the loading method is controlled by the actuator and the load parameters are input to achieve a controlled and precise load application process, reducing manual intervention and improving test efficiency and consistency. The test device of the present invention can be widely used in the research and development, verification, and optimization of wind turbine tower structures, providing scientific and reliable test data support for engineering design and structural safety assessment.

[0027] In the first aspect embodiment of the present invention, the wind tower load loading test device also includes a limiting structure 5 fixed on the test bench 1, and the limiting structure 5 is arranged to fit one side of the fixed base 21 and the loading member 22. The limiting structure 5 is suitable for limiting the displacement deformation of the fixed base 21 and the loading member 22.

[0028] Specifically, by fitting the limiting structure 5 against one side of the fixed base 21 and the loading element 22, the displacement or deformation of the fixed base 21 and the loading element 22 is physically limited during the loading process, preventing test deviations caused by excessive displacement, thereby ensuring the stability and repeatability of the loading process. When the loading force is large or when stress concentration is locally concentrated on the loading element 22, the limiting structure 5 provides auxiliary support, effectively alleviating structural stress and improving the overall load-bearing capacity and safety margin of the test apparatus.

[0029] It is understandable that the limiting structure 5 can protect the fixed base 21 and the loading component 22 when there is abnormal loading, system failure or sudden load change, reduce the risk of damage to the test platform due to mechanical impact, and extend the service life of the test device.

[0030] In addition, by limiting undesirable structural deviations, reducing the interference of external factors on the stress state of the test piece 6, and improving the test consistency under the same loading scheme, it is helpful to obtain comparable and reliable test results.

[0031] In the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the test piece 6 includes a first component 61 and a second component 62, the first component 61 is fixedly connected to the fixed base 21, the second component 62 is fixedly connected to the loading member 22, and the first component 61 and the second component 62 are fixedly connected by an adhesive; the loading structure 2 also includes a prestressed component 23, the prestressed component 23 is sequentially arranged from top to bottom in the loading member 22, the second component 62, the first component 61, and the fixed base 21, and is fixedly connected to the test bench 1, and the prestressed component 23 is suitable for connecting the first component 61 and the second component 62 to form a whole.

[0032] Specifically, by securely connecting the first component 61 to the fixed base 21 and the second component 62 to the loading member 22, and by using an adhesive to securely connect the first and second components 61 and 62, a stable load-bearing unit is formed, effectively simulating the actual connection relationship between wind turbine tower components and improving the engineering representativeness of the test. Prestressed component 23 passes through the loading member 22, test piece 6, and fixed base 21 from top to bottom and is secured to the test bench 1. This applies axial prestress to the entire system before loading, improving the tightness of the connection points and the rigidity of the overall structure, and preventing loosening or slippage between components during the test.

[0033] It is understood that the prestressed member 23 and the adhesive connection work together to effectively share the load on the connection interface, especially under high-frequency or cyclic loading conditions, thereby enhancing the fatigue life of the connection and improving the long-term reliability of the test device. The present invention integrates the loading member 22, the test piece 6, and the fixed base 21 into one body through the prestressed member 23, facilitating rapid installation before testing and unified disassembly after testing, improving assembly efficiency and reducing manual operation intensity.

[0034] It should be noted that chamfered transition areas are provided between the first component 61 and the fixed base 21 , and between the second component 62 and the loading component 22 , so as to avoid stress concentration problems in right-angle areas; the adhesive may be epoxy resin.

[0035] In the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of prestressed members 23 are provided, and the plurality of prestressed members are evenly spaced along the circumference of the test piece 6 .

[0036] Specifically, multiple prestressed components 23 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the test piece 6, which can achieve uniform application of prestress on the test component, avoid local stress concentration, and improve the force balance and stability of the entire loaded system; the multiple evenly arranged prestressed components 23 form multi-point synchronous constraints on the first component 61 and the second component 62, which can effectively limit their warping, rotation and other unwanted deformations during the loading process, and ensure the structural neutrality and symmetry of the loading path; the circumferentially uniformly distributed prestressed components 23 not only provide axial clamping force, but also form a closed ring constraint structure, which significantly enhances the torsional stiffness of the test assembly under torque loading, and prevents structural instability or local damage due to eccentric loading.

[0037] As can be understood, the multi-point clamping structure allows external loads to be more directly and efficiently transferred to the test specimen 6, effectively reducing the interference of deformation in the intermediate connection links on the test data, thereby improving the accuracy of stress and strain measurements. This circumferentially evenly distributed arrangement of multiple clamps is applicable to wind tower assemblies with various cross-sectional shapes, such as circular, annular, and square, and exhibits excellent structural versatility and engineering adaptability.

[0038] In the first embodiment of the present invention, the wind tower load loading test device also includes a fixed bracket 4, which is fixedly installed on the test bench 1 and spans both sides of the loading structure 2. One end of the first actuator 31 is slidably arranged on the fixed bracket 4, and the other end is in contact with the loading member 22, so as to be suitable for applying a load to the loading member 22.

[0039] Specifically, by arranging the fixed bracket 4 across both sides of the loading structure 2 and fixedly installing it on the test bench 1, an independent and stable installation platform can be provided for the first actuator 31, effectively preventing the actuator from tilting, shaking or force offset during loading, and ensuring the loading directionality and stability; one end of the first actuator 31 is slidably arranged on the fixed bracket 4, and the loading starting position and loading stroke can be flexibly adjusted according to the test requirements, adapting to the configuration of test pieces 6 of different sizes and different loading paths, thereby improving the applicability and adjustability of the test device; the fixed bracket 4 has a simple and clear structure, and is arranged across both sides of the loading structure 2 to facilitate rapid assembly and disassembly before and after the test. At the same time, the sliding connection design also facilitates the inspection and replacement of the first actuator 31, reducing the difficulty of maintenance of the test system.

[0040] It can be understood that by stably guiding the loading path of the actuator to the loading member 22, loading eccentricity or multi-level structural coupling in the force transmission path is avoided, thereby reducing the loss of loading energy and improving the efficiency of the actuator and the test response sensitivity; the cross-setting form of the fixed bracket 4 provides an open loading space above the test platform, which is conducive to the arrangement of actuators with larger strokes or higher tonnages, and is particularly suitable for the loading test requirements of large wind tower components, thereby enhancing the engineering versatility of the device.

[0041] In the first embodiment of the present invention, a first slide rail is provided on the fixed bracket 4, the length direction of the first slide rail is arranged in the horizontal direction, and the first actuator 31 includes a first telescopic member, one end of the first telescopic member is slidably connected to the first slide rail through a connecting plate, and the other end of the first telescopic member abuts against the loading member 22; The first actuator 31 slides back and forth along the length direction of the first slide rail to adjust the bending moment parameters applied to the loader 22 ; the first telescopic member can be telescoped in the vertical direction to adjust the vertical axial force parameters applied to the loader 22 .

[0042] Specifically, the first slide rail is arranged in the horizontal direction, so that the first actuator 31 can slide laterally above the loading structure 2 along the slide rail, thereby flexibly adjusting the position of the loading point, effectively changing the length of the force arm, and facilitating the control of the magnitude of the bending moment applied to the loading member 22, meeting the setting requirements of various test conditions; the first actuator 31 is provided with a first telescopic member, which can not only adjust the loading position by sliding the slide rail to achieve bending moment control, but also apply axial force in the vertical direction through telescopic movement, thereby achieving the combined action of applying bending moment and vertical load to the test piece 6 at the same time, and more accurately simulating the stress state of the wind tower in the actual environment.

[0043] It is understandable that the combination of the slide rail and the telescopic member forms a two-dimensional adjustment mechanism. Compared with the fixed loading point design, it can more finely control the loading direction, loading point position and loading amplitude, improve the resolution of the loading parameters, and enhance the accuracy and controllability of the test data. The sliding fit between the slide rail and the connecting plate is simple in structure, easy to operate and stable in positioning during the adjustment process, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of test preparation. The first slide rail can achieve standardized position reproduction by setting the loading point, so that the same loading scheme has good repeatability in different batches of tests, meeting the consistency requirements of the standard test process for wind turbine tower structures.

[0044] In the first embodiment of the present invention, the first actuator 31 further includes a roller assembly, which is provided at the other end of the first telescopic member and abuts against the upper end surface of the loading member 22 .

[0045] Specifically, a rolling contact is formed between the roller assembly and the upper end surface of the loader 22, which effectively reduces the friction resistance between the first actuator 31 and the loader 22 during the loading process, and avoids the loading accuracy and stability being affected by friction jamming; in addition, the roller assembly has a certain displacement adaptive capability, and can dynamically respond to the slight deformation or displacement change of the loader 22 during the loading process, avoiding the additional constraint force or local stress concentration caused by rigid contact, and improving the flexibility and adaptability of the system.

[0046] It is understood that the roller assembly can automatically adjust the contact angle during the loading process, making the loading direction more stable and the force more uniform, reducing vibration and impact during the operation of the test device, and facilitating the acquisition of continuous and smooth test data. Because the roller assembly can roll freely with the horizontal sliding motion of the actuator, it reduces resistance during the sliding process, thereby improving the efficiency of adjusting the loading point position and optimizing the loading path adjustment operation. Compared with sliding contact, rolling contact can significantly reduce the wear rate of the contact surface, effectively extending the service life of the actuator end and the surface of the loading member 22, and reducing maintenance frequency and the risk of test interruption.

[0047] In the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the test bench 1 includes a table 11 and a reaction wall 12 that are perpendicular to each other, the loading structure 2 is provided on the table 11, the second actuator 32 includes a second telescopic member, one end of the second telescopic member is movably connected to the reaction wall 12, and the other end of the second telescopic member is in contact with the loading member 22, and the reaction wall 12 is provided with a second slide rail, and the length direction of the second slide rail is arranged in the horizontal direction; The second actuator 32 slides back and forth along the length direction of the second slide rail to adjust the torque parameter applied to the loader 22; the second telescopic member telescopes along its length direction to adjust the horizontal shear force parameter applied to the loader 22.

[0048] Specifically, the second actuator 32 is arranged in the sliding rail of the reaction wall 12, and cooperates with the telescopic function of the second telescopic member to simultaneously apply shear force and torque to the loading member 22 in the horizontal plane, satisfying the simulation of the actual force characteristics of the wind tower under complex wind loads and operating conditions; the reaction wall 12 serves as the installation reference surface of the second actuator 32, which can effectively absorb the reaction force generated by the loading, forming a stable loading support system, and avoiding structural shaking or measurement errors caused by unstable reference during the test.

[0049] By decoupling the sliding and telescopic functions, torque and shear forces are independently controlled, resulting in a more refined loading process and a wider adjustment range, facilitating the acquisition of higher-precision test data. The tabletop 11 and reaction wall 12 form a composite structure arranged perpendicular to each other. This not only facilitates a compact overall layout but also provides a multi-directional mounting surface for actuator placement, improving laboratory space utilization efficiency.

[0050] Reference Figure 3 As shown, in a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention further provides a wind tower bearing capacity assessment system, comprising: A wind power tower load loading test device, wherein a test piece 6 is fixedly mounted on the wind power tower load loading test device, and the test piece 6 includes a first component 61 and a second component 62; The sensing element is provided on the side walls of the first component 61 and the second component 62; A dynamic strain gauge, the sensing element, the prestressed member 23 and the load-actuating structure 3 are all in communication with the dynamic strain gauge, and the dynamic strain gauge is suitable for obtaining stress change parameters after the load is applied to the test piece 6; The terminal is connected to the dynamic strain gauge for communication. The terminal is suitable for receiving stress change parameters fed back by the dynamic strain gauge and processing and outputting evaluation indicators.

[0051] Specifically, this system, based on a wind turbine tower load test device, integrates sensing elements and dynamic strain gauges to create a complete test chain, achieving closed-loop control of the entire process from loading and measurement to evaluation indicator output, effectively improving test efficiency and evaluation accuracy. Sensing elements, located on the sidewalls of the first and second components 61 and 62, can sense stress changes during the test loading process in real time and provide instant feedback to the terminal via dynamic strain gauges, providing a real-time monitoring basis for loading control and reducing the risk of structural overload. Both the prestressed component 23 and the load-actuated structure 3 are connected to the dynamic strain gauge communication system, capable of acquiring strain data under different loading paths and supporting comprehensive performance evaluation of wind turbine tower structures under combined loads such as axial force, shear force, bending moment, and torque. The terminal device processes the stress change data transmitted by the dynamic strain gauges in real time and can output multiple evaluation indicators such as equivalent stress, deformation modulus, and fatigue life, providing data support for engineering applications such as structural optimization design, quality assessment, and life prediction.

[0052] In an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the wind tower bearing capacity assessment system further includes an image acquisition device, which is communicatively connected to the terminal. The image acquisition device is suitable for acquiring deformation parameters of the test piece 6 and feeding them back to the terminal. The terminal processes the deformation parameters and outputs an assessment index.

[0053] Specifically, the image acquisition device includes an industrial camera, image sensor, or 3D scanning module. It is preferably fixed to a column on one side of the test bench 1 or on top of the reaction wall 12, with a capture angle covering the entire test piece 6. The image acquisition device communicates with the terminal via a wired communication interface (such as USB, Ethernet) or a wireless data link (such as Wi-Fi, industrial Bluetooth), ensuring real-time transmission of image data to the terminal processing module.

[0054] It is understood that before the test loading, high-contrast visual markers, such as circular targets or barcode dot arrays, are placed on the outer surface of the test piece 6. The image acquisition device captures a baseline image before loading and, during the loading process, captures a sequence of images of the deformation process in real time. After receiving the image sequence, the terminal calculates the displacement between the markers using integrated image recognition algorithms, such as DIC digital image correlation and corner tracking, and extracts surface deformation information of the component during loading, including parameters such as tensile deformation, bending deformation, and torsional deformation. The terminal integrates and analyzes the deformation parameters fed back by the image acquisition device with the stress change parameters fed back by the dynamic strain gauge. Through load-deformation-stress correlation modeling, a multi-index structural performance evaluation system is formed. Based on information such as deformation distribution trend, maximum strain displacement, and local abnormal deformation area, combined with stress response parameters, evaluation indicators such as component stiffness change rate, maximum displacement deviation, and yield critical point judgment are output, providing a quantitative basis for wind tower structural design verification and fault identification.

[0055] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A wind power tower load test device, characterized in that: include: Test bench (1); A loading structure (2), the loading structure (2) comprising a fixed base (21) and a loading member (22), the fixed base (21) being fixedly mounted on the test bench (1), the loading member (22) being disposed above the fixed base (21), and the test piece (6) being fixedly mounted between the fixed base (21) and the loading member (22); The load-actuating structure (3) comprises a first actuator (31) and a second actuator (32), wherein the first actuator (31) is arranged above the loading member (22) and is arranged perpendicularly to the upper end surface of the loading member (22), and the first actuator (31) is suitable for applying a vertical axial force and a bending moment to the loading member (22); the first actuator (31) is arranged on one side of the loading member (22) and is arranged perpendicularly to the side surface of the loading member (22), and the second actuator (32) is suitable for applying a horizontal shear force and a torque to the loading member (22).

2. The wind power tower load testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a limiting structure (5) fixed on the test bench (1), the limiting structure (5) being arranged in contact with one side of the fixed base (21) and the loading member (22), and the limiting structure (5) being suitable for limiting the displacement deformation of the fixed base (21) and the loading member (22).

3. The wind power tower load testing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The test piece (6) includes a first component (61) and a second component (62), wherein the first component (61) is fixedly connected to the fixed base (21), and the second component (62) is fixedly connected to the loading member (22), and the first component (61) and the second component (62) are fixedly connected by an adhesive; the loading structure (2) also includes a prestressed component (23), wherein the prestressed component (23) is sequentially arranged from top to bottom through the loading member (22), the second component (62), the first component (61), and the fixed base (21), and is fixedly connected to the test bench (1), and the prestressed component (23) is suitable for connecting the first component (61) and the second component (62) to form a whole.

4. The wind power tower load testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The prestressed components (23) are provided in plurality, and the plurality of prestressed components are evenly spaced and distributed along the circumference of the test piece (6).

5. The wind power tower load testing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes a fixed bracket (4), which is fixedly mounted on the test bench (1) and spans both sides of the loading structure (2). One end of the first actuator (31) is slidably mounted on the fixed bracket (4), and the other end abuts against the loading member (22) to be suitable for applying a load to the loading member (22).

6. The wind power tower load testing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixed bracket (4) is provided with a first slide rail, the length direction of the first slide rail is arranged in the horizontal direction, the first actuator (31) includes a first telescopic member, one end of the first telescopic member is slidably connected to the first slide rail through a connecting plate, and the other end of the first telescopic member is in contact with the loading member (22); The first actuator (31) slides back and forth along the length direction of the first slide rail to adjust the bending moment parameter applied to the loading member (22); the first telescopic member can be telescoped in the vertical direction to adjust the vertical axial force parameter applied to the loading member (22).

7. The wind power tower load testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first actuator (31) further includes a roller assembly, which is arranged at the other end of the first telescopic member and abuts against the upper end surface of the loading member (22).

8. The wind power tower load testing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The test bench (1) includes a table top (11) and a reaction wall (12) that are perpendicular to each other, the loading structure (2) is arranged on the table top (11), the second actuator (32) includes a second telescopic member, one end of the second telescopic member is movably connected to the reaction wall (12), and the other end of the second telescopic member is in contact with the loading member (22), the reaction wall (12) is provided with a second slide rail, and the length direction of the second slide rail is arranged in the horizontal direction; The second actuator (32) slides back and forth along the length direction of the second slide rail to adjust the torque parameter applied to the loading member (22); The second telescopic member telescopes along its length direction to be suitable for adjusting the horizontal shear force parameter applied to the loading member (22).

9. A wind tower bearing capacity assessment system, characterized in that: include: The wind power tower load loading test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the test piece (6) is fixedly mounted on the wind power tower load loading test device, and the test piece (6) comprises a first component (61) and a second component (62); A sensing element is provided on the side walls of the first component (61) and the second component (62); A dynamic strain gauge, the sensing element, the prestressed component (23) and the load-actuating structure (3) are all in communication connection with the dynamic strain gauge, and the dynamic strain gauge is suitable for obtaining stress change parameters after a load is applied to the test piece (6); The terminal is communicatively connected to the dynamic strain gauge, and is adapted to receive stress change parameters fed back by the dynamic strain gauge and process and output evaluation indicators.

10. The wind tower bearing capacity assessment system according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes an image acquisition device, which is communicatively connected to the terminal. The image acquisition device is suitable for acquiring deformation parameters of the test piece (6) and feeding them back to the terminal. The terminal processes the deformation parameters and outputs the evaluation index.

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