Biomass nutrition bowl forming machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass nutrition bowl forming machine, and relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery and biomass material forming, the biomass nutrition bowl forming machine comprises a female die, a male die, a support plate, an ejector plate, a feeding driving hydraulic cylinder, a forming driving hydraulic cylinder, a demolding driving hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic system and a central controller, the ejection plate can eject the formed biomass nutrition bowl out of the forming hole; the feeding driving hydraulic cylinder can drive the female die to move to the position below the male die or the position below the ejector plate. The forming driving hydraulic cylinder can provide power for upward or downward movement of the male die. The demolding driving hydraulic cylinder can provide power for upward or downward movement of the ejection plate; the central controller can control the hydraulic system to supply oil to a cylinder body of the feeding driving hydraulic cylinder, a cylinder body of the forming driving hydraulic cylinder and a cylinder body of the demolding driving hydraulic cylinder and maintain pressure of the forming driving hydraulic cylinder. The power output is stable, the action precision is high, and the forming efficiency can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and biomass material molding technology, and in particular to a biomass nutrient pot molding machine. Background Art

[0002] A seedling pot is a container specifically designed for raising seedlings of agricultural and forestry crops. Using seedling pots in a specific seedling environment offers numerous significant advantages. With the growing acceptance of sustainable development concepts, people are increasingly emphasizing the rational utilization of agricultural and forestry biomass resources. These resources mainly include agricultural and forestry residues such as crop straw, sawdust, and fallen leaves, as well as residues from the processing of agricultural and forestry products, such as potato residue and rice husks. Against this backdrop, biomass seedling pots have emerged. The use of biomass seedling pots not only fully taps the value of agricultural and forestry biomass resources and effectively reduces the negative impacts of improper agricultural and forestry waste disposal, but also improves the quality of agricultural production, resulting in both excellent economic and social benefits.

[0003] However, traditional biomass nutrient pot molding relies heavily on manual or semi-automatic mechanical pressing, resulting in low efficiency, uneven molding density, and difficulty in demolding. It also suffers from poor dynamic stability, making it difficult to adapt to the complex characteristics of biomass materials (such as high fiber content and moisture sensitivity), leading to loose or broken finished products. Furthermore, the feeding and demolding processes are manual, resulting in low mechanization and hindering large-scale production. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a biomass nutrient pot molding device that can achieve high precision and high mechanization to improve production efficiency and product consistency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a biomass nutrient pot molding machine to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It has stable power output, high motion precision, and can effectively improve molding efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides a biomass nutrient pot molding machine, including a concave mold, a convex mold, a support plate, an ejector plate, a feeding drive hydraulic cylinder, a molding drive hydraulic cylinder, a demolding drive hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic system, and a central controller. The support plate can support the concave mold, which can slide along the top surface of the support plate. The concave mold has a molding hole. The convex mold can move upward or downward, and its bottom end can extend into the molding hole. The molding hole, the top surface of the support plate, and the bottom end of the convex mold can form a molding space. The ejector plate can move upward or downward, and its bottom end can extend into the molding hole to eject the molded biomass nutrient pot from the molding hole. The feeding drive hydraulic cylinder is connected to the concave mold and can drive the concave mold to slide along the top surface of the support plate, so that the concave mold moves to below the convex mold or below the ejector plate. The forming drive hydraulic cylinder is driven by the punch and provides power for the punch to move upward or downward. The demolding drive hydraulic cylinder is driven by the ejector plate and provides power for the ejector plate to move upward or downward. The hydraulic system is connected to the cylinder bodies of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder, the forming drive hydraulic cylinder, and the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder via oil circuits to supply oil to these cylinder bodies. The hydraulic system can maintain pressure in the forming drive hydraulic cylinder. The central controller is communicatively connected to the hydraulic system and can control the hydraulic system to supply oil to the cylinder bodies of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder, the forming drive hydraulic cylinder, and the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder, and to maintain pressure in the forming drive hydraulic cylinder.

[0006] Preferably, the assembly also includes a material bin and a fixed slide rail. The material bin is used to hold biomass raw materials. A discharge port is provided on the bottom plate of the material bin. The die is placed below the material bin, and the top end of the die is fixedly located at the discharge port on the bottom plate of the material bin. The material bin is disposed on the fixed slide rail and can slide along the fixed slide rail so that the die is placed below the punch or below the ejector plate. The feeding drive hydraulic cylinder is connected to the material bin and can provide power for the sliding of the material bin.

[0007] Preferably, a first scraper and a second scraper are fixedly provided on the fixed slide rail. The first scraper is placed between the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder and the second scraper. The bottom ends of both the first and second scrapers extend into the material box. The space between the first and second scrapers in the material box is used for feeding biomass raw materials. Before pressing, the first scraper can push the biomass raw materials into the die when the die moves toward the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder. The second scraper can scrape the biomass raw materials in the die until they are flush with the top surface of the die when the die moves away from the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, both the first scraper and the second scraper are adjustable scrapers. The adjustable scraper includes a fixed plate, a movable plate, and several locking connectors. Both ends of the fixed plate are fixedly mounted on the fixed slide rail. The fixed plate has two clearance grooves that can prevent the material box from moving towards or away from the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder. The movable plate has several adjustment grooves, and the locking connectors correspond one-to-one with the adjustment grooves. The locking connectors can pass through the middle of the fixed plate and the adjustment grooves to allow the movable plate to move up or down. The locking connectors can lock the movable plate and the fixed plate in place.

[0009] Preferably, the device further includes several limit switches, which are provided on the movement paths of the die cavity, the punch, and the ejector plate. The limit switches on the movement path of the die cavity can detect the position of the die cavity, the limit switches on the movement path of the punch can detect the position of the punch, and the limit switches on the movement path of the ejector plate can detect the position of the ejector plate. All the limit switches are communicatively connected to the central controller.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a feeding bracket, the cylinder body of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the feeding bracket, and the piston rod output end of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the material box; the fixed slide rail is fixedly connected to the feeding bracket.

[0011] Preferably, it further includes an upper support frame, the cylinder body of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the upper support frame, the cylinder body of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder is positioned above the fixed slide rail, and the piston rod output end of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the punch; the cylinder body of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the upper support frame, the cylinder body of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder is positioned above the fixed slide rail, and the piston rod output end of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the ejector plate.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a lower support frame, which is placed below the material box, and the support plate is fixedly mounted on the top of the lower support frame.

[0013] Preferably, the hydraulic system includes a main oil supply circuit, a main oil return circuit, a feeding inlet circuit, a feeding retraction circuit, a forming inlet circuit, a forming retraction circuit, a demolding inlet circuit, a demolding retraction circuit, a pressure holding circuit, an oil tank, an oil filter, an oil pump, an overflow valve, an accumulator, a feeding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, a forming three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, a demolding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, a feeding throttling check valve, a forming throttling check valve, a demolding throttling check valve, a pressure holding throttling check valve, a hydraulically controlled check valve, a forming balance valve, and a demolding balance valve; One end of the main oil supply line is connected to the oil tank, and the other end is connected to the P port of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid valve, the P port of the forming three-position four-way solenoid valve, and the P port of the demolding three-position four-way solenoid valve through parallel branches. The oil filter, the oil pump, and the overflow valve are fixedly installed in sequence from the oil tank to the P port of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid valve on the main oil supply line. One end of the main return oil circuit is connected in parallel to the T port of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid valve, the T port of the forming three-position four-way solenoid valve, and the T port of the demolding three-position four-way solenoid valve, and the other end is connected to the oil tank. One end of the feeding oil inlet is connected to port A of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, and the other end is connected to the rodless chamber of the cylinder body of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder. The feeding throttling check valve is fixedly installed on the feeding oil inlet. One end of the feeding return oil circuit is connected to port B of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, and the other end is connected to the rod chamber of the cylinder body of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder. One end of the forming oil inlet is connected to port A of the forming three-position four-way solenoid valve, and the other end is connected to the rodless cavity of the forming driving hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic control check valve and the forming throttling check valve are fixedly installed sequentially from port A of the forming three-position four-way solenoid valve to the rodless cavity of the forming driving hydraulic cylinder. One end of the forming oil return path is connected to port B of the forming three-position four-way solenoid valve, and the other end is connected to the rod chamber of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder. The forming balance valve is fixedly installed on the forming oil return path, and the pilot pressure port of the forming balance valve is connected to the rodless chamber of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder. One end of the pressure-holding oil circuit is connected to the accumulator, and the other end is connected to the oil outlet of the hydraulic control check valve on the forming oil inlet circuit. The pressure-holding throttling check valve is fixedly installed on the pressure-holding oil circuit. One end of the demolding oil inlet is connected to port A of the demolding three-position four-way solenoid valve, and the other end is connected to the rodless cavity of the cylinder body of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder. The demolding throttling check valve is fixedly installed on the demolding oil inlet. One end of the demolding oil discharge circuit is connected to port B of the demolding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, and the other end is connected to the rod chamber of the demolding driving hydraulic cylinder. The pilot pressure port of the demolding balance valve is connected to the rodless chamber of the demolding driving hydraulic cylinder.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a heating sleeve, which is detachably and fixedly fitted outside the concave mold and can heat the biomass raw material inside the concave mold.

[0015] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: The biomass nutrient pot molding machine provided by this invention uses a feeding-driven hydraulic cylinder to move the concave die below the convex die or below the ejector plate, forming a counter-extrusion structure between the convex and concave die. A molding-driven hydraulic cylinder then drives the convex and concave die to cooperate, subjecting the biomass raw material to high-pressure compression. The biomass raw material is molded within the molding space enclosed by the molding hole, the top surface of the support plate, and the bottom end of the convex die, ensuring that the biomass raw material is tightly bonded under high pressure, resulting in uniform density in the nutrient pots and achieving high-pressure uniform molding with strong resistance to disintegration. A demolding-driven hydraulic cylinder drives the ejector plate to eject the molded biomass nutrient pots from the molding hole, preventing sticking. A stable power is provided by a hydraulic system, and the operation of the hydraulic system is controlled by a central controller to achieve feeding-driven hydraulic compression. The press cylinder, forming drive hydraulic cylinder, and demolding drive hydraulic cylinder are linked and work together to achieve automated and efficient operation of the entire process of feeding, forming, and demolding of the biomass nutrient pot forming machine provided by this invention. It provides stable and reliable power support for the forming of biomass nutrient pots, realizes the mechanization of the entire process of feeding, forming, and demolding, and has the technical advantages of stable power output, high action precision, and effective improvement of forming efficiency. It solves the problems of insufficient power, low precision, and difficult demolding in the forming process of biomass materials, realizes efficient, high-density, and mechanized production of nutrient pots, and is suitable for batch precision forming processing. It is especially suitable for the automated production of nutrient pots using biomass raw materials such as straw and cow dung. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the biomass nutrient pot molding machine provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of another direction of the biomass nutrient pot molding machine; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the hydraulic system structure of the biomass nutrient pot molding machine provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the concave mold structure of the biomass nutrient pot molding machine provided by the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the adjustable scraper structure of the biomass nutrient pot forming machine provided by the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the material box structure of the biomass nutrient pot molding machine provided by the present invention; In the diagram: 1-Die, 2-Punch, 3-Support plate, 4-Ejector plate, 5-Feeding drive hydraulic cylinder, 6-Forming drive hydraulic cylinder, 7-Demolding drive hydraulic cylinder, 8-Forming hole, 9-Material box, 10-Fixed slide rail, 11-Discharge port, 12-First scraper, 13-Second scraper, 14-Fixed plate, 15-Modible plate, 16-Locking connector, 17-Allowing groove, 18-Adjusting groove, 19-Limit switch, 20-Feed bracket, 21-Upper support frame, 22-Lower support frame, 23-Main oil supply circuit, 24-Main oil return circuit, 25-Feeding inlet circuit, 26-Feeding... 27-Material return oil circuit, 28-Material return oil circuit, 29-Demolding oil circuit, 30-Demolding return oil circuit, 31-Pressure holding oil circuit, 32-Oil tank, 33-Oil filter, 34-Oil pump, 35-Overflow valve, 36-Accumulator, 37-Feeding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, 38-Material three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, 39-Demolding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, 40-Feeding throttling check valve, 41-Material throttling check valve, 42-Demolding throttling check valve, 43-Pressure holding throttling check valve, 44-Hydraulic control check valve, 45-Material balance valve, 46-Demolding balance valve. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The purpose of this invention is to provide a biomass nutrient pot molding machine to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It has stable power output, high motion precision, and can effectively improve molding efficiency.

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this invention provides a biomass nutrient pot molding machine, including a concave mold 1, a convex mold 2, a support plate 3, an ejector plate 4, a feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5, a molding drive hydraulic cylinder 6, a demolding drive hydraulic cylinder 7, a hydraulic system, and a central controller. The support plate 3 can support the concave mold 1, which can slide along the top surface of the support plate 3. A molding hole 8 is provided on the concave mold 1. The convex mold 2 can move upward or downward, and its bottom end can extend into the molding hole 8. The molding hole 8, the top surface of the support plate 3, and the bottom end of the convex mold 2 can form a molding space. The ejector plate 4 can move upward or downward, and its bottom end can extend into the molding hole 8 to eject the molded biomass nutrient pot from the molding hole 8. The feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5 is connected to the concave mold 1 and can drive the concave mold 1 to slide along the top surface of the support plate 3, so that the concave mold 1 moves below the convex mold 2. Or below the ejector plate 4; the forming drive hydraulic cylinder 6 is connected to the punch 2, and the forming drive hydraulic cylinder 6 can provide power for the punch 2 to move upward or downward; the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder 7 is connected to the ejector plate 4, and the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder 7 can provide power for the ejector plate 4 to move upward or downward; the hydraulic system is connected to the cylinder body of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5, the forming drive hydraulic cylinder 6 and the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder 7 through oil circuits to supply oil to the cylinder bodies of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5, the forming drive hydraulic cylinder 6 and the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder 7, and the hydraulic system can maintain pressure on the forming drive hydraulic cylinder 6; the central controller is connected to the hydraulic system for communication, and the central controller can control the hydraulic system to supply oil to the cylinder bodies of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5, the forming drive hydraulic cylinder 6 and the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder 7 and to maintain pressure on the forming drive hydraulic cylinder 6.

[0022] The biomass nutrient pot molding machine provided by this invention uses a feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5 to move the concave mold 1 below the convex mold 2 or below the ejector plate 4, forming a counter-extrusion structure between the convex mold 2 and the concave mold 1. A molding drive hydraulic cylinder 6 drives the convex mold 2 to cooperate with the concave mold 1, compressing the biomass raw material under high pressure. The biomass raw material is formed within the molding space enclosed by the molding hole 8, the top surface of the support plate 3, and the bottom end of the convex mold 2, ensuring that the biomass raw material is tightly bound under high pressure, resulting in uniform density of the nutrient pots and achieving high-pressure uniform molding with strong resistance to disintegration. A demolding drive hydraulic cylinder 7 drives the ejector plate 4 to eject the formed biomass nutrient pots from the molding hole 8, preventing sticking. A stable power is provided by a hydraulic system, and the operation of the hydraulic system is controlled by a central controller to achieve… The feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5, the forming drive hydraulic cylinder 6, and the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder 7 are linked together to work in synergy. The biomass nutrient pot molding machine provided by this invention can realize the automation and efficient operation of the entire process of feeding, forming, and demolding. It provides stable and reliable power support for the forming of biomass nutrient pots, realizes the mechanization of the entire process of feeding, forming, and demolding, and has the technical advantages of stable power output, high action precision, and effective improvement of forming efficiency. It solves the problems of insufficient power, low precision, and difficult demolding in the process of biomass material forming, realizes the efficient, high-density, and mechanized production of nutrient pots, and is suitable for batch precision forming processing. It is especially suitable for the automated production of nutrient pots using biomass raw materials such as straw and cow dung.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the forming hole 8 on the concave mold 1 is cylindrical or polygonal and adapted to the standard nutrient pot size. The inner wall of the forming hole 8 may be coated with an anti-stick coating such as polytetrafluoroethylene. When the convex mold 2 moves downward, it closes with the concave mold 1 to form a sealed compression space. The opposing extrusion pressure between the convex mold 2 and the concave mold 1 can be adjusted to 20MPa to meet the density requirements of biomass raw materials. A silicone buffer pad is fixedly embedded at the bottom of the ejector plate 4 to avoid damaging the biomass nutrient pot formed in the forming hole 8.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the biomass nutrient pot molding machine provided by the present invention further includes a material box 9 and a fixed slide rail 10. The material box 9 is used to hold biomass raw materials. A discharge port 11 is opened on the bottom plate of the material box 9. The concave mold 1 is placed below the material box 9. The top end of the concave mold 1 is fixedly set at the discharge port 11 on the bottom plate of the material box 9. The material box 9 is set on the fixed slide rail 10 and can slide along the fixed slide rail 10 so that the concave mold 1 is placed below the convex mold 2 or below the ejector plate 4. The feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5 is connected to the material box 9 for transmission. The feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5 can provide power for the sliding of the material box 9. The material box 9 moves back and forth along the fixed slide rail 10 to ensure consistent feeding position. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, bearings or rollers are installed on the side of the material box 9. The bearings or rollers cooperate with the fixed slide rail 10 to improve the stability of the movement of the material box 9. In this embodiment, the concave mold 1 is fixed to the discharge port 11 on the bottom plate of the material box 9 by a flange.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first scraper 12 and a second scraper 13 are fixedly mounted on the fixed slide rail 10. The first scraper 12 is positioned between the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5 and the second scraper 13. The bottom ends of both the first scraper 12 and the second scraper 13 extend into the material box 9. The space between the first scraper 12 and the second scraper 13 in the material box 9 is used for feeding biomass raw materials. Before pressing, the first scraper 12 can push the biomass raw materials into the die 1 when the die 1 moves towards the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5, and the second scraper 13 can push the biomass raw materials away from the die 1 when the die 1 moves away from the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5. When the pressing cylinder 5 moves in a certain direction, it scrapes the biomass raw material in the die 1 until it is flush with the top surface of the die 1. This ensures that the material falling into the die 1 is flush with the top surface of the die 1 before the punch 2 presses down. It also leaves the excess biomass residue at the die 1 in the space between the first scraper plate 12 and the second scraper plate 13. The excess biomass residue is automatically recycled to the space between the first scraper plate 12 and the second scraper plate 13, reducing resource waste and effectively improving the utilization rate of biomass raw materials. After pressing, during the retraction process of the material box 9, the second scraper plate 13 effectively cuts off the fiber adhesion and scrapes off the excess biomass flash at the die 1.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the first scraper 12 and the second scraper 13 are adjustable scrapers. Each adjustable scraper includes a fixed plate 14, a movable plate 15, and several locking connectors 16. Both ends of the fixed plate 14 are fixedly mounted on a fixed slide rail 10. The fixed plate 14 has two clearance grooves 17, which can prevent the material box 9 from moving towards or away from the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5. The movable plate 15 has several adjustment grooves 18, and the locking connectors 16 correspond one-to-one with the adjustment grooves 18. The locking connectors 16 can... The movable plate 15 passes through the middle of the fixed plate 14 and the adjusting groove 18, so that the movable plate 15 can move up or down. The locking connector 16 can lock the movable plate 15 and the fixed plate 14 to adjust the gap between the movable plate 15 and the upper surface of the bottom plate of the material box 9 to adapt to different operating requirements. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first scraper 12 and the second scraper 13 maintain a preset gap of 1mm to 3mm with the upper surface of the bottom plate of the material box 9. The cutting edges of the first scraper 12 and the second scraper 13 are made of wear-resistant hard alloy to reduce wear.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the biomass nutrient pot forming machine provided by the present invention further includes several limit switches 19. Limit switches 19 are provided on the moving path of the die 1, the moving path of the punch 2, and the moving path of the ejector plate 4. The limit switches 19 on the moving path of the die 1 can detect the position of the die 1 so that the die 1 can be accurately stopped directly below the punch 2 or the ejector plate 4. The limit switches 19 on the moving path of the punch 2 can detect the position of the punch 2 so as to complete the extrusion forming of the biomass nutrient pot. The moving path of the ejector plate 4... The limit switches 19 on the path can detect the position of the ejector plate 4 to facilitate demolding of the biomass nutrient pot; all limit switches 19 are connected to the central controller and trigger the hydraulic system to control the punch 2, ejector plate 4 and other components to work at the appropriate time to achieve closed-loop regulation, so as to control and adjust the rhythm of compression molding and demolding, realize the quantitative and accurate feeding, pressing and demolding of biomass raw materials, and prevent damage from overtravel; in this embodiment, the limit switches 19 are respectively set at both ends, the middle, both sides of the movement path of the punch 2 and both sides of the movement path of the ejector plate 4 of the fixed slide rail 10.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the biomass nutrient pot molding machine provided by the present invention further includes a feeding bracket 20, the cylinder body of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the feeding bracket 20, the piston rod output end of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the material box 9, the power output is stable, the action accuracy is high, and the precise feeding is achieved; the fixed slide rail 10 is fixedly connected to the feeding bracket 20. In this embodiment, the fixed slide rail 10 is fixed to the feeding bracket 20 by bolts.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the biomass nutrient pot molding machine provided by the present invention further includes an upper support frame 21, the cylinder body of the molding drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the upper support frame 21, the cylinder body of the molding drive hydraulic cylinder is positioned above the fixed slide rail 10, and the piston rod output end of the molding drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the punch 2, resulting in stable power output and high action precision; in this embodiment, the punch 2 is rigidly connected to the piston rod output end of the molding drive hydraulic cylinder through high-strength bolts and a punch 2 connecting platform.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder body of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the upper support frame 21, and the cylinder body of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder is positioned above the fixed slide rail 10. The piston rod output end of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the ejector plate 4, resulting in stable power output and high action precision. In this embodiment, the ejector plate 4 is fixedly connected to the piston rod output end of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder via a connecting platform.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the biomass nutrient pot molding machine provided by the present invention further includes a lower support frame 22, which is placed below the material box 9, and a support plate 3 is fixedly mounted on the top of the lower support frame 22 to facilitate the support of the support plate 3.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydraulic system includes a main oil supply line 23, a main oil return line 24, a feeding inlet line 25, a feeding outlet line 26, a forming inlet line 27, a forming outlet line 28, a demolding inlet line 29, a demolding outlet line 30, a pressure holding line 31, an oil tank 32, an oil filter 33, an oil pump 34, an overflow valve 35, an accumulator 36, a feeding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 37, a forming three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 38, a demolding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 39, a feeding throttling check valve 40, a forming throttling check valve 41, a demolding throttling check valve 42, a pressure holding throttling check valve 43, a hydraulically controlled check valve 44, a forming balance valve 45, and a demolding balance valve 46; one end of the main oil supply line 23 is connected to the oil tank 32, and the other end is connected to a parallel... The connecting branch is connected to the P port of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid valve 37, the P port of the forming three-position four-way solenoid valve 38, and the P port of the demolding three-position four-way solenoid valve 39, respectively. An oil filter 33, an oil pump 34, and an overflow valve 35 are fixedly installed sequentially on the main oil supply line 23 from the oil tank 32 to the P port of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid valve 37. One end of the main return oil line 24 is connected in parallel to the T port of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid valve 37, the T port of the forming three-position four-way solenoid valve 38, and the T port of the demolding three-position four-way solenoid valve 39, respectively, and the other end is connected to the oil tank 32. One end of the feeding inlet oil line 25 is connected to the A port of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid valve 37, and the other end is connected to the rodless chamber of the cylinder body of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder. A fixed... A feeding throttling check valve 40 is provided; one end of the feeding return oil passage 26 is connected to port B of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 37, and the other end is connected to the rod chamber of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder; one end of the forming inlet oil passage 27 is connected to port A of the forming three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 38, and the other end is connected to the rodless chamber of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder. A hydraulically controlled check valve 44 and a forming throttling check valve 41 are sequentially fixed on the forming inlet oil passage 27 from port A of the forming three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 38 to the rodless chamber of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder; one end of the forming return oil passage 28 is connected to port B of the forming three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 38, and the other end is connected to the rod chamber of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder. A forming balance valve 45 is fixed on the forming return oil passage 28. The pilot pressure port of the type balance valve 45 is connected to the rodless chamber of the cylinder body of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder; one end of the pressure holding oil circuit 31 is connected to the accumulator 36, and the other end is connected to the oil outlet of the hydraulic control check valve 44 on the forming oil inlet circuit 27. A pressure holding throttling check valve 43 is fixedly installed on the pressure holding oil circuit 31; one end of the demolding oil inlet circuit 29 is connected to the A port of the demolding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 39, and the other end is connected to the rodless chamber of the cylinder body of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder. A demolding throttling check valve 42 is fixedly installed on the demolding oil inlet circuit 29; one end of the demolding oil return circuit 30 is connected to the B port of the demolding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 39, and the other end is connected to the rod chamber of the cylinder body of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder. The pilot pressure port of the demolding balance valve 46 is connected to the rodless chamber of the cylinder body of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder.During operation, the overflow valve 35 limits the system's maximum pressure to ensure safe operation. The accumulator 36 stores excess energy and releases it rapidly to meet instantaneous high-flow demands. The hydraulic oil flow is controlled by the hydraulically controlled check valve 44. After the punch 2 compresses the biomass raw material to the required density, the forming drive hydraulic cylinder maintains a certain pressure, causing the material to creep, ensuring that the punch 2 continuously applies a constant load to the biomass raw material. The pressure-holding function mainly relies on the hydraulically controlled check valve 44 and the accumulator 36. During the pressurization stage, the forming drive hydraulic cylinder presses down, the forming three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 38 switches to the right position, and the oil pump 34 outputs high-pressure oil through the hydraulically controlled check valve 44. Oil inlet → valve core of hydraulic control check valve 44 → rodless chamber of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder, pushing the piston down to compress the biomass raw material. Hydraulic control check valve 44 state: At this time, hydraulic control check valve 44 is forward-biased, and the oil flows freely. When the pressure holding trigger pressure reaches the set value: the pressure sensor on the forming oil inlet 27 sends a feedback signal to the central controller, the forming three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 38 switches to the neutral position, the oil pump 34 stops supplying oil, and hydraulic control check valve 44 operates: the high-pressure oil in the rodless chamber of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder attempts to flow back, but hydraulic control check valve 44 reverses and blocks, the oil is locked, the piston of hydraulic control check valve 44 does not move, and hydraulic control check valve 44 remains closed, forming a hydraulic... Locking; Oil flow during pressure maintenance: The oil in the rodless chamber of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder is sealed by the hydraulically controlled check valve 44, preventing it from flowing back to the oil tank 32, thus maintaining pressure; Leakage compensation: If pressure drops due to minor leakage of the seals, the accumulator 36 can replenish a small amount of oil, but the hydraulically controlled check valve 44 always prevents active backflow; Switching of the forming three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 38 after pressure maintenance: The central controller triggers the forming three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 38 again, connecting the A and T ports of the forming three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 38. Simultaneously, the piston of the hydraulically controlled check valve 44 is driven by the control oil circuit to open the check valve core. Oil flow: The high-pressure oil in the rodless chamber of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder... The piston of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder returns via the reverse channel of the hydraulic control check valve 44 → forming three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 38 → oil tank 32, lifting the punch 2. The movement speed of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder is adjusted by the feeding throttling check valve 40, forming throttling check valve 41, demolding throttling check valve 42, and pressure holding throttling check valve 43 to ensure the accuracy and stability of the action. The forming balance valve 45 and demolding balance valve 46 prevent instability of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder under load changes, ensuring smooth movement. The feeding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 37, forming three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 38, and demolding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 39 are all Y-type three-position four-way solenoid directional valves.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the biomass nutrient pot molding machine provided by the present invention further includes a heating sleeve. The heating sleeve is detachably and fixedly sleeved outside the concave mold 1 and can heat the biomass raw material inside the concave mold 1, enabling the pressing and molding of the nutrient pot at room temperature and after heating. When the heating sleeve is energized, it can heat the biomass raw material that requires heating for compression molding. During the compression molding process of biomass raw material that does not require heating, the heating sleeve can be turned off to meet the molding requirements under different conditions. During hot pressing, the biomass raw material is loaded into the concave mold 1. At this time, the heating sleeve is energized to heat the biomass raw material in the concave mold 1 until the specified temperature is reached. The heating sleeve is energized to ensure that the biomass raw material in the concave mold 1 is kept at a constant temperature. The punch 2 moves downward and completes the closed compression and pressure holding process of the biomass raw material in the concave mold 1 at a certain speed. Finally, the formed nutrient pot is ejected to complete the unloading. During cold pressing, no preheating is required. The heating sleeve is removed, and the biomass raw material is directly loaded into the concave mold 1. Then, the compression and unloading are completed. The process is the same as that of hot pressing.

[0034] A preferred working process of the biomass nutrient pot molding machine provided by the present invention: 1. The crushed biomass raw material is fed into the feed box 9 between the first scraper 12 and the second scraper 13; 2. The feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5 drives the material box 9 to move away from the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5 until the die 1 is placed directly below the punch 2. During this process, the second scraper 13 scrapes the biomass raw material in the die 1 to be flush with the top surface of the die 1, and leaves the excess biomass residue at the die 1 in the space between the first scraper 12 and the second scraper 13. 3. The forming drive hydraulic cylinder 6 drives the punch 2 to press down and maintain pressure at 20MPa for a period of time to make the biomass raw material in the die 1 densely formed; 4. The forming drive hydraulic cylinder 6 drives the punch 2 to rise; 5. The feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5 drives the material box 9 to move away from the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5 until the die 1 is placed directly below the ejector plate 4; 6. The demolding drive hydraulic cylinder 7 drives the ejector plate 4 to eject the formed biomass nutrient pot from the forming hole 8; 7. The demolding drive hydraulic cylinder 7 drives the ejector plate 4 to rise; 8. The feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5 drives the material box 9 to move towards the direction of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder 5 until it returns to the initial position. During this process, the second scraper 13 scrapes off the remaining flash formed during the pressing and demolding process at the die 1.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower support frame 22 is a welded steel structure.

[0036] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A biomass nutrient pot forming machine, characterized in that: The device includes a die, a punch, a support plate, an ejector plate, a feeding drive hydraulic cylinder, a forming drive hydraulic cylinder, a demolding drive hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic system, and a central controller. The support plate supports the die, which can slide along the top surface of the support plate. The die has a forming hole. The punch can move upwards or downwards, and its bottom end can extend into the forming hole. The forming hole, the top surface of the support plate, and the bottom end of the punch form a forming space. The ejector plate can move upwards or downwards, and its bottom end can extend into the forming hole to eject the formed biomass nutrient pot from the forming hole. The feeding drive hydraulic cylinder is connected to the die and drives the die to slide along the top surface of the support plate, moving the die below the punch or the ejector plate. The forming drive hydraulic cylinder... The forming drive hydraulic cylinder is connected to the punch drive and provides power for the punch to move upward or downward; the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder is connected to the ejector plate drive and provides power for the ejector plate to move upward or downward; the hydraulic system is connected to the cylinder bodies of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder, the forming drive hydraulic cylinder, and the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder via oil circuits to supply oil to the cylinder bodies of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder, the forming drive hydraulic cylinder, and the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic system can maintain pressure in the forming drive hydraulic cylinder; the central controller is communicatively connected to the hydraulic system and can control the hydraulic system to supply oil to the cylinder bodies of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder, the forming drive hydraulic cylinder, and the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder, and to maintain pressure in the forming drive hydraulic cylinder.

2. The biomass nutrient pot forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a material bin and a fixed slide rail. The material bin is used to hold biomass raw materials. A discharge port is opened on the bottom plate of the material bin. The die is placed below the material bin. The top of the die is fixedly located at the discharge port on the bottom plate of the material bin. The material bin is located on the fixed slide rail and can slide along the fixed slide rail so that the die is placed below the punch or below the ejector plate. The feeding drive hydraulic cylinder is connected to the material bin and can provide power for the sliding of the material bin.

3. The biomass nutrient pot forming machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first scraper and a second scraper are fixedly mounted on the fixed slide rail. The first scraper is positioned between the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder and the second scraper. The bottom ends of both the first and second scrapers extend into the material box. The space between the first and second scrapers in the material box is used for feeding biomass raw materials. Before pressing, the first scraper can push the biomass raw materials into the die when the die moves towards the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder. The second scraper can scrape the biomass raw materials in the die until they are flush with the top surface of the die when the die moves away from the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder.

4. The biomass nutrient pot forming machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both the first scraper and the second scraper are adjustable scrapers. The adjustable scraper includes a fixed plate, a movable plate, and several locking connectors. Both ends of the fixed plate are fixedly mounted on the fixed slide rail. The fixed plate has two clearance grooves that can prevent the material box from moving towards or away from the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder. The movable plate has several adjustment grooves. The locking connectors correspond one-to-one with the adjustment grooves. The locking connectors can pass through the middle of the fixed plate and the adjustment grooves to allow the movable plate to move up or down. The locking connectors can lock the movable plate and the fixed plate in place.

5. The biomass nutrient pot forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes several limit switches, which are installed on the movement paths of the die cavity, the punch, and the ejector plate. The limit switches on the movement path of the die cavity can detect the position of the die cavity, the limit switches on the movement path of the punch can detect the position of the punch, and the limit switches on the movement path of the ejector plate can detect the position of the ejector plate. All the limit switches are communicatively connected to the central controller.

6. The biomass nutrient pot forming machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a feeding bracket, the cylinder body of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the feeding bracket, and the piston rod output end of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the material box; the fixed slide rail is fixedly connected to the feeding bracket.

7. The biomass nutrient pot forming machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes an upper support frame, the cylinder body of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the upper support frame, the cylinder body of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder is positioned above the fixed slide rail, and the piston rod output end of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the punch; the cylinder body of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the upper support frame, the cylinder body of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder is positioned above the fixed slide rail, and the piston rod output end of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the ejector plate.

8. The biomass nutrient pot forming machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a lower support frame, which is placed below the material box, and the support plate is fixedly mounted on the top of the lower support frame.

9. The biomass nutrient pot forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic system includes a main oil supply circuit, a main oil return circuit, a feeding inlet circuit, a feeding outlet circuit, a forming inlet circuit, a forming outlet circuit, a demolding inlet circuit, a demolding outlet circuit, a pressure holding circuit, an oil tank, an oil filter, an oil pump, an overflow valve, an accumulator, a feeding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, a forming three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, a demolding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, a feeding throttling check valve, a forming throttling check valve, a demolding throttling check valve, a pressure holding throttling check valve, a hydraulically controlled check valve, a forming balance valve, and a demolding balance valve. One end of the main oil supply line is connected to the oil tank, and the other end is connected to the P port of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid valve, the P port of the forming three-position four-way solenoid valve, and the P port of the demolding three-position four-way solenoid valve through parallel branches. The oil filter, the oil pump, and the overflow valve are fixedly installed in sequence from the oil tank to the P port of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid valve on the main oil supply line. One end of the main return oil circuit is connected in parallel to the T port of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid valve, the T port of the forming three-position four-way solenoid valve, and the T port of the demolding three-position four-way solenoid valve, and the other end is connected to the oil tank. One end of the feeding oil inlet is connected to port A of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, and the other end is connected to the rodless chamber of the cylinder body of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder. The feeding throttling check valve is fixedly installed on the feeding oil inlet. One end of the feeding return oil circuit is connected to port B of the feeding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, and the other end is connected to the rod chamber of the cylinder body of the feeding drive hydraulic cylinder. One end of the forming oil inlet is connected to port A of the forming three-position four-way solenoid valve, and the other end is connected to the rodless cavity of the forming driving hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic control check valve and the forming throttling check valve are fixedly installed sequentially from port A of the forming three-position four-way solenoid valve to the rodless cavity of the forming driving hydraulic cylinder. One end of the forming oil return path is connected to port B of the forming three-position four-way solenoid valve, and the other end is connected to the rod chamber of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder. The forming balance valve is fixedly installed on the forming oil return path, and the pilot pressure port of the forming balance valve is connected to the rodless chamber of the forming drive hydraulic cylinder. One end of the pressure-holding oil circuit is connected to the accumulator, and the other end is connected to the oil outlet of the hydraulic control check valve on the forming oil inlet circuit. The pressure-holding throttling check valve is fixedly installed on the pressure-holding oil circuit. One end of the demolding oil inlet is connected to port A of the demolding three-position four-way solenoid valve, and the other end is connected to the rodless cavity of the cylinder body of the demolding drive hydraulic cylinder. The demolding throttling check valve is fixedly installed on the demolding oil inlet. One end of the demolding oil discharge circuit is connected to port B of the demolding three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, and the other end is connected to the rod chamber of the demolding driving hydraulic cylinder. The pilot pressure port of the demolding balance valve is connected to the rodless chamber of the demolding driving hydraulic cylinder.

10. The biomass nutrient pot forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a heating sleeve, which is detachably and fixedly fitted outside the concave mold and can heat the biomass raw material inside the concave mold.

Images