Thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance and processing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance and a processing method, and relates to the technical field of thermal insulation material processing. Comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 to 200 parts of a nanopore matrix material, 20 to 120 parts of expanded perlite, 10 to 350 parts of polystyrene, 30 to 300 parts of polyurethane, 100 to 500 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 10 to 60 parts of graphene, 10 to 40 parts of silica sol and 1 to 55 parts of ferric oxide. A multi-stage pore structure is constructed through a nanopore matrix and expanded perlite, closed-cell foam of polystyrene and polyurethane is combined, and nano titanium dioxide and graphene functional filler are matched, so that the heat conductivity coefficient is reduced to 0.018 W / (mK) or below, the heat insulation efficiency is remarkably improved, nanoscale homogenization is ensured through high-shear dispersion in the process, the porosity is reserved through freeze drying, and the heat insulation performance is greatly improved. The microcapsule self-repairing layer can repair more than 85% of cracks, the service life is greatly prolonged, and in the aspect of function integration, the material has A-level fireproof, waterproof and weather-proof characteristics and heat preservation and heat insulation performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal insulation material processing technology, specifically to a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance and its processing method. Background Technology

[0002] Thermal insulation materials are functional materials that can effectively prevent heat transfer and maintain temperature stability. They are widely used in construction, industry, aerospace and other fields. With the rapid development of building energy conservation, industrial insulation and aerospace, higher requirements have been placed on the thermal insulation performance, durability and functionality of thermal insulation materials. At present, the common thermal insulation materials on the market mainly include organic and inorganic materials. Although organic thermal insulation materials have a low thermal conductivity, they have safety hazards such as poor high temperature resistance, flammability and release of toxic gases when burning. Although inorganic thermal insulation materials have good fire resistance, their thermal conductivity is relatively high, the thermal insulation effect is limited, and the performance is easily degraded after absorbing water. In addition, traditional thermal insulation materials are susceptible to aging and cracking due to environmental factors during long-term use, which leads to the degradation of thermal insulation performance and shortens service life. In view of this, we propose a thermal insulation material and processing method to enhance thermal insulation performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this technical solution provides a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance and a processing method therein.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance, the thermal insulation material being prepared from the following parts: 100-200 parts of nanoporous matrix material, 20-120 parts of expanded perlite, 10-350 parts of polystyrene, 30-300 parts of polyurethane, 100-500 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 10-60 parts of graphene, 10-40 parts of silica sol, and 1-55 parts of ferric oxide.

[0005] Preferably, the nanoporous matrix material is one of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, and carbon aerogel; the expanded perlite is one of perlite, obsidian, and resinstone; and the polystyrene is flame-retardant polystyrene.

[0006] Preferably, the polyurethane includes one of polyester-type polyurethane, polyether-type polyurethane, and polyether-polyester hybrid polyurethane; the nano-titanium dioxide includes anatase, rutile, and brookite types; and the graphene is single-layer graphene.

[0007] Preferably, the silica sol is a neutral silica sol, and the ferric oxide is hematite-type ferric oxide.

[0008] A processing method for a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare the following materials in the following proportions: 110 parts of nanoporous matrix material, 100 parts of expanded perlite, 50 parts of polystyrene, 240 parts of polyurethane, 100 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 10 parts of graphene, 20 parts of silica sol and 10 parts of ferric oxide. S2. Raw material pretreatment, which includes activating the nanoporous matrix material, modifying expanded perlite, preparing polystyrene microspheres, synthesizing polyurethane prepolymer, and preparing silica sol-ferric oxide composite solution. S3. Mixing and dispersing: Add the pretreated materials to deionized water in sequence, control the solid-liquid mass ratio at 1:3, and disperse for 40 minutes at 3000 r / min using a high shear disperser to form a uniform mixed slurry. S4. Slowly add the prepared silica sol-ferric oxide composite solution to the mixed slurry and continue stirring for 20 minutes to ensure that the composite sol is evenly dispersed in the system. S5. Freeze-drying molding: Pour the composite slurry into a mold, freeze it in liquid nitrogen to crystallize the water in the slurry, transfer it to a freeze dryer, and dry it for 24 hours under a vacuum of 10 Pa and a temperature of -50℃. S6. Introduction of microcapsule self-healing layer: A microcapsule solution containing dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs catalyst is prepared and uniformly coated onto the surface of the freeze-dried material by spraying to form a self-healing layer. After high-temperature sintering, a thermal insulation skeleton material is obtained.

[0009] Preferably, the activation treatment step of the nanoporous matrix material in step S2 is as follows: Silica aerogel was selected as the nanoporous matrix material and placed in a vacuum drying oven to dry at 60°C for 6 hours to remove moisture; Low-temperature plasma technology was used with argon as the working gas to activate the aerogel surface and increase the surface active sites under the conditions of 100W power and 5min processing time. The steps for modifying expanded perlite are as follows: Immerse 20-500 parts of expanded perlite in a silane coupling agent solution for 1 hour, then remove and dry at 80°C for 2 hours to complete the modification treatment. The preparation steps for polystyrene microspheres are as follows: Polystyrene microspheres with a particle size of 5-10 μm were prepared by suspension polymerization. Nano-titanium dioxide particles were added during the polymerization process to uniformly disperse the nano-titanium dioxide inside the microspheres.

[0010] Preferably, the polyurethane prepolymer synthesis step in step S2 is as follows: Polyurethane prepolymer was prepared by reacting polyol and isocyanate in a certain proportion at 80°C for 2 hours under nitrogen protection. Carbon nanotubes with a mass fraction of 3% were added during the reaction. The preparation steps of silica sol-ferric oxide composite solution are as follows: Silica sol was mixed with nano-ferric oxide and dispersed at a speed of 2000 r / min for 30 min to form a composite sol; A composite solution was obtained by adding 2% by mass of nanocellulose to the composite sol.

[0011] Preferably, the specific mixing step in step S4 is as follows: In an environment with a temperature of 25℃ and a humidity of 40%-50%, measure out the prepared silica sol-ferric oxide composite liquid and add it to the mixed slurry. Stir continuously during the addition process at a low speed of 80r / min. After the composite solution is completely added, increase the stirring speed to 120 r / min and continue stirring for 20 min; During the mixing process, continuously observe the state of the slurry.

[0012] Preferably, the freezing time in liquid nitrogen in step S5 is 30 minutes.

[0013] Preferably, the microcapsule solution preparation step of dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs catalyst in step S6 is as follows: Check the condition of dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs catalyst, and operate in a well-ventilated environment; Weigh the catalyst according to concentration and volume using a balance, and measure the dicyclopentadiene using a graduated cylinder; The catalyst was transferred into the dicyclopentadiene mixture and stirred at 200 r / min on a magnetic stirrer. After purging air with high-purity nitrogen, increase the speed to 400-600 r / min and stir for 30-60 min until the solution becomes clear.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention utilizes a nanoporous matrix and expanded perlite to construct a multi-level porous structure, combined with closed-cell polystyrene and polyurethane foam, and incorporates nano-titanium dioxide and graphene functional fillers to reduce the thermal conductivity to below 0.018 W / (m·K), significantly improving thermal insulation efficiency. In terms of process, high shear dispersion ensures nanoscale homogenization, freeze-drying preserves porosity, and the microcapsule self-healing layer can repair more than 85% of cracks, greatly extending service life. Functionally, the material combines Class A fire resistance, water resistance, weather resistance, and thermal insulation performance. Its density is only 1 / 5 of traditional insulation layers, yet its compressive strength reaches over 0.4 MPa, achieving a balance between lightweight and high strength. Through innovative design and process optimization, this material represents a comprehensive upgrade in thermal insulation, durability, environmental friendliness, and application flexibility, making it particularly suitable for high-end energy-saving applications. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the processing steps of the thermal insulation material with the thermal insulation performance of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The following description is intended to disclose the invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.

[0017] A thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance is prepared from the following materials in parts: 100-200 parts of nanoporous matrix material, 20-120 parts of expanded perlite, 10-350 parts of polystyrene, 30-300 parts of polyurethane, 100-500 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 10-60 parts of graphene, 10-40 parts of silica sol, and 1-55 parts of ferric oxide.

[0018] The nanoporous matrix material is one of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, and carbon aerogel; the expanded perlite is one of perlite, obsidian, and resin rock; and the polystyrene is flame-retardant polystyrene.

[0019] Polyurethane includes one of polyester-type polyurethane, polyether-type polyurethane, and polyether-polyester hybrid polyurethane; nano-titanium dioxide includes anatase, rutile, and brookite types; graphene is single-layer graphene.

[0020] The silica sol is a neutral silica sol, and the ferric oxide is hematite-type ferric oxide.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 As shown, a processing method for a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance includes the following steps: S1. Prepare the following materials in the following proportions: 110 parts of nanoporous matrix material, 100 parts of expanded perlite, 50 parts of polystyrene, 240 parts of polyurethane, 100 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 10 parts of graphene, 20 parts of silica sol and 10 parts of ferric oxide. S2. Raw material pretreatment, which includes activating the nanoporous matrix material, modifying expanded perlite, preparing polystyrene microspheres, synthesizing polyurethane prepolymer, and preparing silica sol-ferric oxide composite solution. S3. Mixing and dispersing: Add the pretreated materials to deionized water in sequence, control the solid-liquid mass ratio at 1:3, and disperse for 40 minutes at 3000 r / min using a high shear disperser to form a uniform mixed slurry. S4. Slowly add the prepared silica sol-ferric oxide composite solution to the mixed slurry and continue stirring for 20 minutes to ensure that the composite sol is evenly dispersed in the system. S5. Freeze-drying molding: Pour the composite slurry into a mold, freeze it in liquid nitrogen to crystallize the water in the slurry, transfer it to a freeze dryer, and dry it for 24 hours under a vacuum of 10 Pa and a temperature of -50℃. S6. Introduction of microcapsule self-healing layer: A microcapsule solution containing dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs catalyst is prepared and uniformly coated onto the surface of the freeze-dried material by spraying to form a self-healing layer. After high-temperature sintering, a thermal insulation skeleton material is obtained.

[0022] This application utilizes a nanoporous matrix and expanded perlite to construct a multi-level thermal insulation structure, while graphene and titanium dioxide enhance the thermal barrier and stability. A silica sol-ferric oxide composite liquid improves adhesion. Pretreatment optimizes material compatibility, high shear dispersion ensures uniformity, freeze-drying forms a regular porous structure, and the microcapsule self-healing layer can automatically fill cracks and extend lifespan. The thermal conductivity is as low as 0.03 W / (m・K), combining high strength, weather resistance, and self-healing function. It is also environmentally friendly and can be expanded with magnetic and photocatalytic additional properties. Among them, the microcapsule self-healing layer is a coating technology with self-healing function. Its core principle is to encapsulate the repair agent in microcapsules and disperse it in the coating matrix. When the coating is damaged, the microcapsules rupture and release the repair agent, thereby achieving self-repair. Microcapsules commonly use polymers (such as urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, epoxy resin, etc.) or natural polymers (such as gelatin) as wall materials, and encapsulate repair agents (such as epoxy resin, isocyanate, siloxane, etc. liquid or low-viscosity substances) inside; they are micron-sized (1-1000μm) and uniformly dispersed in the coating matrix without affecting the basic properties of the coating. It can be matched with a variety of matrix materials, such as epoxy resin, polyurethane, acrylic ester and other polymer coatings, or protective coatings on cement and metal surfaces, as a carrier for microcapsules, while providing the basic functions of the coating (such as corrosion protection, wear resistance and heat insulation). When the coating is subjected to mechanical scratches, impacts, or environmental erosion (such as temperature changes or chemical corrosion), microcracks or damage occur locally; during crack propagation, the surrounding microcapsules are punctured, releasing the encapsulated repair agent. The repair agent penetrates the crack under capillary action or pressure difference, reacts chemically with the curing agent in the matrix (or moisture or catalyst in the air), fills the crack and cures.

[0023] The activation process of the nanoporous matrix material in step S2 is as follows: Silica aerogel was selected as the nanoporous matrix material and placed in a vacuum drying oven to dry at 60°C for 6 hours to remove moisture; Low-temperature plasma technology was used with argon as the working gas to activate the aerogel surface and increase the surface active sites under the conditions of 100W power and 5min processing time. The steps for modifying expanded perlite are as follows: Immerse 20-500 parts of expanded perlite in a silane coupling agent solution for 1 hour, then remove and dry at 80°C for 2 hours to complete the modification treatment. The preparation steps for polystyrene microspheres are as follows: Polystyrene microspheres with a particle size of 5-10 μm were prepared by suspension polymerization. Nano-titanium dioxide particles were added during the polymerization process to uniformly disperse the nano-titanium dioxide inside the microspheres.

[0024] The nanoporous matrix material used in this application is silica aerogel. It is first vacuum dried at 60°C for 6 hours to remove water and prevent it from affecting subsequent processing. Then, it undergoes argon low-temperature plasma technology with a power of 100W for 5 minutes to increase surface active sites and enhance its bonding and compatibility with other materials. Expanded perlite is immersed in a silane coupling agent solution for 1 hour and then dried at 80°C for 2 hours to adjust its surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, strengthening the interfacial adhesion with polymer materials while maintaining its own structure and properties. Nano-titanium dioxide is added when preparing 5-10μm polystyrene microspheres using suspension polymerization to precisely control the particle size to fill the pores in the aerogel, preventing titanium dioxide agglomeration and forming a "thermal insulation-reflection" composite barrier. These pretreatment processes ensure the surface characteristics of each component are compatible, enhance interfacial compatibility, ensure uniform dispersion in subsequent mixing, optimize the structural stability of the material, and improve the overall thermal insulation and mechanical properties.

[0025] The polyurethane prepolymer synthesis steps in step S2 are as follows: Polyurethane prepolymer was prepared by reacting polyol and isocyanate in a certain proportion at 80°C for 2 hours under nitrogen protection. Carbon nanotubes with a mass fraction of 3% were added during the reaction. The preparation steps of silica sol-ferric oxide composite solution are as follows: Silica sol was mixed with nano-ferric oxide and dispersed at a speed of 2000 r / min for 30 min to form a composite sol; A composite solution was obtained by adding 2% by mass of nanocellulose to the composite sol.

[0026] This application brings significant advantages to the material in terms of performance enhancement and structural optimization. During the synthesis of polyurethane prepolymer, the polyol and isocyanate react under nitrogen protection at 80°C for 2 hours to isolate oxygen and avoid oxidation side reactions, ensuring the purity of the prepolymer and the controllability of the reaction. The addition of 3% carbon nanotubes, with their ultra-high strength and conductivity, greatly improves the mechanical strength and toughness of polyurethane, while also giving the material certain electrical and thermal conductivity properties. Silica sol and nano-ferric oxide are dispersed at 2000 r / min for 30 min to achieve nanoscale uniform mixing. Silica sol enhances adhesion, while ferric oxide provides structural stability. The addition of 2% nanocellulose, with its high specific surface area and strong adsorption, further improves the dispersion stability of the composite liquid and enhances the compatibility of the composite liquid with other materials, so that the final material has excellent mechanical properties and stability while providing thermal insulation.

[0027] The specific mixing steps in step S4 are as follows: In an environment with a temperature of 25℃ and a humidity of 40%-50%, measure out the prepared silica sol-ferric oxide composite liquid and add it to the mixed slurry. Stir continuously during the addition process at a low speed of 80r / min. After the composite solution is completely added, increase the stirring speed to 120 r / min and continue stirring for 20 min; During the mixing process, continuously observe the state of the slurry.

[0028] The precise control of mixing temperature, humidity, stirring speed, and time in step S4 of this application ensures the mixing effect and performance stability of the materials. Operating at 25℃ and 40%-50% humidity avoids premature curing of some components in the slurry due to high temperature or material agglomeration due to excessive humidity. The low humidity environment also helps maintain the dispersion stability of the silica sol colloid. Adding the composite liquid at a low speed of 80r / min prevents uneven local concentration and bubble generation caused by rapid pouring or high-speed stirring, ensuring that the composite liquid is smoothly integrated into the mixed slurry. After adding the composite liquid, the stirring speed is increased to 120r / min, which can promote the full dispersion of the composite liquid without excessive shearing and damage to the material structure. This allows the silica sol-ferric oxide-nanocellulose system to uniformly coat other components and form a stable network structure. Continuous observation of the slurry state facilitates timely detection of agglomeration and stratification abnormalities, allowing for adjustment of stirring parameters to ensure the uniformity and consistency of the final material and improve the overall performance of the thermal insulation skeleton material.

[0029] In step S5, the freezing time in liquid nitrogen is 30 minutes.

[0030] The ultra-low temperature of liquid nitrogen (-196℃) in this application can rapidly freeze all components inside the material, accelerate the curing reaction of the polyurethane prepolymer, shorten the molding time, and avoid component migration or structural inhomogeneity caused by slow curing at room temperature. During low-temperature freezing, the solvent or water in the material rapidly crystallizes to form tiny ice crystals. During the subsequent drying process, the sublimation of the ice crystals can leave uniformly distributed nanoscale pores inside the material, optimize the porous structure of the aerogel matrix, and enhance the thermal insulation performance.

[0031] The preparation steps for the microcapsule solution of dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs catalyst in step S6 are as follows: Check the condition of dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs catalyst, and operate in a well-ventilated environment; Weigh the catalyst according to concentration and volume using a balance, and measure the dicyclopentadiene using a graduated cylinder; The catalyst was transferred into the dicyclopentadiene mixture and stirred at 200 r / min on a magnetic stirrer. After purging air with high-purity nitrogen, increase the speed to 400-600 r / min and stir for 30-60 min until the solution becomes clear.

[0032] This application ensures operational safety through ventilation and raw material inspection, preventing performance degradation due to raw material deterioration; precise weighing ensures the appropriate ratio of initiator to monomer, laying the foundation for the self-healing reaction; a stepwise stirring process, initially at low speed to prevent catalyst agglomeration, followed by high speed to promote uniform dispersion; high-purity nitrogen is used to purge air, preventing oxidation and deactivation of the Grubbs catalyst and suppressing the dicyclopentadiene side reaction; a uniform solution ensures uniform distribution of the catalyst in the microcapsule core material, improving self-healing efficiency; after spraying and sintering, the self-healing layer bonds tightly to the substrate; this process also avoids the risk of explosive polymerization, ensuring operational safety and high repeatability, meeting the requirements of industrial production.

[0033] Example 1 A processing method for a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare the following materials in the following proportions: 110 parts of nanoporous matrix material, 100 parts of expanded perlite, 50 parts of polystyrene, 240 parts of polyurethane, 100 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 10 parts of graphene, 20 parts of silica sol and 10 parts of ferric oxide. S2. Raw material pretreatment, which includes activating the nanoporous matrix material, modifying expanded perlite, preparing polystyrene microspheres, synthesizing polyurethane prepolymer, and preparing silica sol-ferric oxide composite solution. S3. Mixing and dispersing: Add the pretreated materials to deionized water in sequence, control the solid-liquid mass ratio at 1:3, and disperse for 40 minutes at 3000 r / min using a high shear disperser to form a uniform mixed slurry. S4. Slowly add the prepared silica sol-ferric oxide composite solution to the mixed slurry and continue stirring for 20 minutes to ensure that the composite sol is evenly dispersed in the system. S5. Freeze-drying molding: Pour the composite slurry into a mold, freeze it in liquid nitrogen to crystallize the water in the slurry, transfer it to a freeze dryer, and dry it for 24 hours under a vacuum of 10 Pa and a temperature of -50℃. S6. Introduction of microcapsule self-healing layer: A microcapsule solution containing dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs catalyst is prepared and uniformly coated onto the surface of the freeze-dried material by spraying to form a self-healing layer. After high-temperature sintering, a thermal insulation skeleton material is obtained.

[0034] Example 2 A processing method for a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare the following materials in the following quantities: 120 parts of nanoporous matrix material, 50 parts of expanded perlite, 60 parts of polystyrene, 35 parts of polyurethane, 100 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 5 parts of graphene, 15 parts of silica sol and 15 parts of ferric oxide. S2. Raw material pretreatment, which includes activating the nanoporous matrix material, modifying expanded perlite, preparing polystyrene microspheres, synthesizing polyurethane prepolymer, and preparing silica sol-ferric oxide composite solution. S3. Mixing and dispersing: Add the pretreated materials to deionized water in sequence, control the solid-liquid mass ratio at 1:3, and disperse for 40 minutes at 3000 r / min using a high shear disperser to form a uniform mixed slurry. S4. Slowly add the prepared silica sol-ferric oxide composite solution to the mixed slurry and continue stirring for 20 minutes to ensure that the composite sol is evenly dispersed in the system. S5. Freeze-drying molding: Pour the composite slurry into a mold, freeze it in liquid nitrogen to crystallize the water in the slurry, transfer it to a freeze dryer, and dry it for 24 hours under a vacuum of 10 Pa and a temperature of -50℃. S6. Introduction of microcapsule self-healing layer: A microcapsule solution containing dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs catalyst is prepared and uniformly coated onto the surface of the freeze-dried material by spraying to form a self-healing layer. After high-temperature sintering, a thermal insulation skeleton material is obtained.

[0035] Thermal conductivity test The test was conducted using a protective hot plate thermal conductivity meter. The insulation material was made into a sample and placed between the hot and cold plates of the instrument. The hot plate temperature was set to 35°C and the cold plate temperature to 5°C. After the system reached a steady state, the heat flow through the sample was recorded, and the thermal conductivity was calculated according to the formula. This method can accurately simulate the heat conduction process of the material in actual use and reflect its thermal insulation ability.

[0036] Thermal radiation reflectivity test An infrared spectrometer was used, with the test wavelength range set to 2.5-25μm. After the sample was polished, it was placed in the sample cell. Using a standard blackbody as a reference, the intensity of the sample's reflection of infrared radiation was measured, and the thermal radiation reflectivity was calculated. The addition of nano-titanium dioxide and graphene can enhance the material's ability to reflect thermal radiation. This test can directly reflect the material's thermal radiation blocking performance.

[0037] Compressive strength test The thermal insulation material is processed into cubic specimens, and pressure is applied at a rate of 5 mm / min using an electronic universal testing machine. The maximum pressure at which the specimen fails is recorded, and the compressive strength is calculated. The test can evaluate the material's ability to withstand external pressure in practical applications.

[0038] Flexibility test The bending test method is used. The sample is made into a long strip and placed on the bending test device. It is bent with a certain radius of curvature. The sample is observed to see if cracks or fractures occur. The maximum degree of bending is recorded to evaluate the material's flexibility. The presence of graphene and polyurethane helps to improve the material's flexibility, and this test can verify its effect.

[0039] Aging resistance test The samples were placed in a xenon lamp aging test chamber, with the light intensity set at 550 W / m², temperature at 65℃, and relative humidity at 65%, and aged continuously for 1000 h. The thermal conductivity and compressive strength of the samples were tested before and after aging, the performance change rate was calculated, and the aging resistance of the material was evaluated.

[0040] Water resistance test The sample was completely immersed in deionized water at 25°C for 72 hours. After removal, the surface moisture was wiped dry with a dry cloth. The rate of change of mass and the rate of change of compressive strength were tested to determine the water resistance of the material and evaluate its stability in a humid environment.

[0041] By constructing a multi-level porous structure using a nanoporous matrix and expanded perlite, combined with closed-cell foam of polystyrene and polyurethane, and supplemented with functional fillers such as nano-titanium dioxide and graphene, the thermal conductivity is reduced to below 0.018 W / (m・K), significantly improving the thermal insulation efficiency. In terms of process, high shear dispersion ensures nanoscale homogenization, freeze drying preserves porosity, and the microcapsule self-healing layer can repair more than 85% of cracks, greatly extending the service life. In terms of functional integration, the material has Class A fireproof, waterproof, and weather-resistant properties, with a density only 1 / 5 of traditional insulation layers, but a compressive strength of over 0.4 MPa.

[0042] Specific application examples In a high-rise residential project in a frigid region of northern China, traditional exterior wall insulation materials often crack and detach due to freeze-thaw cycles, leading to a decline in insulation performance. This insulation framework material was applied to the exterior wall insulation layer of the project. Its self-healing layer can automatically fill gaps when micro-cracks occur, preventing heat loss through cracks. Its multi-level porous structure and low thermal conductivity components result in a thermal conductivity as low as 0.028 W / (m・K), which is 20% lower than that of traditional insulation boards. After monitoring for one heating season, the indoor temperature fluctuation of residents decreased by 3°C, energy consumption decreased by 18%, and no exterior wall cracking or water seepage was observed, significantly improving living comfort and building energy efficiency.

[0043] Industrial high-temperature pipeline insulation The high-temperature steam pipeline of a steel plant originally used rock wool insulation. Due to long-term high temperature and vibration, it required multiple maintenance and replacements every year. After adopting this insulation material, the polyurethane and graphene-reinforced matrix structure can withstand temperatures above 200℃. The silica sol-ferric oxide composite liquid gives it high mechanical strength, which can resist pipeline vibration and impact. The self-healing layer can quickly repair minor damage caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the pipeline, extending the service life of the insulation layer. After one year of operation, the pipeline surface temperature dropped from 80℃ to 45℃, heat loss was reduced by 40%, and the maintenance frequency was reduced from 4 times a year to 1 time, significantly reducing maintenance costs and energy consumption.

[0044] Insulation of cold chain transport compartments A fresh produce logistics company applied this material to the inner walls of its refrigerated transport vehicles. The material's lightweight nature increased the vehicle's weight by only 8%, while improving insulation performance by 35%. Combined with a self-healing layer to prevent damage to the insulation layer caused by transport bumps, it ensures stable operation of the vehicle's interior within a temperature range of -25°C to 5°C. During a long-distance transport, the vehicle was scratched, causing local damage to the insulation layer. The self-healing layer repaired the crack within 2 hours, preventing cold air leakage. The cargo loss rate dropped from 3% to 0.5%, ensuring the quality of fresh produce while improving the company's transportation efficiency.

[0045] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation material with enhanced heat insulation performance, characterized in that, The thermal insulation material is prepared from the following components: 100-200 parts of nanoporous matrix material, 20-120 parts of expanded perlite, 10-350 parts of polystyrene, 30-300 parts of polyurethane, 100-500 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 10-60 parts of graphene, 10-40 parts of silica sol, and 1-55 parts of ferric oxide.

2. The thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nanoporous matrix material is one of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, and carbon aerogel; the expanded perlite is one of perlite, obsidian, and resin rock; and the polystyrene is flame-retardant polystyrene.

3. The thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance according to claim 1, characterized in that, Polyurethane includes one of polyester-type polyurethane, polyether-type polyurethane, and polyether-polyester hybrid polyurethane; nano-titanium dioxide includes anatase, rutile, and brookite types; graphene is single-layer graphene.

4. The thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silica sol is a neutral silica sol, and the ferric oxide is hematite-type ferric oxide.

5. A processing method for a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance, characterized in that, The processing steps are as follows: S1. Prepare the following materials in the following proportions: 110 parts of nanoporous matrix material, 100 parts of expanded perlite, 50 parts of polystyrene, 240 parts of polyurethane, 100 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 10 parts of graphene, 20 parts of silica sol and 10 parts of ferric oxide. S2. Raw material pretreatment, which includes activating the nanoporous matrix material, modifying expanded perlite, preparing polystyrene microspheres, synthesizing polyurethane prepolymer, and preparing silica sol-ferric oxide composite solution. S3. Mixing and dispersing: Add the pretreated materials to deionized water in sequence, control the solid-liquid mass ratio at 1:3, and disperse for 40 minutes at 3000 r / min using a high shear disperser to form a uniform mixed slurry. S4. Slowly add the prepared silica sol-ferric oxide composite solution to the mixed slurry and continue stirring for 20 minutes to ensure that the composite sol is evenly dispersed in the system. S5. Freeze-drying molding: Pour the composite slurry into a mold, freeze it in liquid nitrogen to crystallize the water in the slurry, transfer it to a freeze dryer, and dry it for 24 hours under a vacuum of 10 Pa and a temperature of -50℃. S6. Introduction of microcapsule self-healing layer: A microcapsule solution containing dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs catalyst is prepared and uniformly coated onto the surface of the freeze-dried material by spraying to form a self-healing layer. After high-temperature sintering, a thermal insulation skeleton material is obtained.

6. The processing method of a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance according to claim 5, characterized in that, The activation process of the nanoporous matrix material in step S2 is as follows: Silica aerogel was selected as the nanoporous matrix material and placed in a vacuum drying oven to dry at 60°C for 6 hours to remove moisture; Low-temperature plasma technology was used with argon as the working gas to activate the aerogel surface and increase the surface active sites under the conditions of 100W power and 5min processing time. The steps for modifying expanded perlite are as follows: Immerse 20-500 parts of expanded perlite in a silane coupling agent solution for 1 hour, then remove and dry at 80°C for 2 hours to complete the modification treatment. The preparation steps for polystyrene microspheres are as follows: Polystyrene microspheres with a particle size of 5-10 μm were prepared by suspension polymerization. Nano-titanium dioxide particles were added during the polymerization process to uniformly disperse the nano-titanium dioxide inside the microspheres.

7. The processing method of a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance according to claim 5, characterized in that, The polyurethane prepolymer synthesis steps in step S2 are as follows: Polyurethane prepolymer was prepared by reacting polyol and isocyanate in a certain proportion at 80°C for 2 hours under nitrogen protection. Carbon nanotubes with a mass fraction of 3% were added during the reaction. The preparation steps of silica sol-ferric oxide composite solution are as follows: Silica sol was mixed with nano-ferric oxide and dispersed at a speed of 2000 r / min for 30 min to form a composite sol; A composite solution was obtained by adding 2% by mass of nanocellulose to the composite sol.

8. A processing method for a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific mixing steps in step S4 are as follows: In an environment with a temperature of 25℃ and a humidity of 40%-50%, measure out the prepared silica sol-ferric oxide composite liquid and add it to the mixed slurry. Stir continuously during the addition process at a low speed of 80r / min. After the composite solution is completely added, increase the stirring speed to 120 r / min and continue stirring for 20 min; During the mixing process, continuously observe the state of the slurry.

9. A processing method for a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S5, the freezing time in liquid nitrogen is 30 minutes.

10. A processing method for a thermal insulation material with enhanced thermal insulation performance according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation steps for the microcapsule solution of dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs catalyst in step S6 are as follows: Check the condition of dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs catalyst, and operate in a well-ventilated environment; Weigh the catalyst according to concentration and volume using a balance, and measure the dicyclopentadiene using a graduated cylinder; The catalyst was transferred into the dicyclopentadiene mixture and stirred at 200 r / min on a magnetic stirrer. After purging air with high-purity nitrogen, increase the speed to 400-600 r / min and stir for 30-60 min until the solution becomes clear.

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