Temperature-resistant high-yield strain Gannong morchella esculenta Y5 and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of edible mushrooms, and particularly discloses a domesticated wild morchella esculenta strain Jiangnong morchella esculenta strain Y5 and high-yield cultivation of the domesticated wild morchella esculenta strain Y5, and the preservation number of the strain is CGMCC No.41064. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the domesticated wild morchella esculenta strain Y5. The Jiannong morchella esculenta Y5 strain has short-term temperature stress resistance of resisting atmosphere 40 DEG C and soil 28 DEG C in the bud forming and mushroom body growth stage, and compared with existing cultivated species morchella esculenta and morchella sextelata, the Jiannong morchella esculenta Y5 strain has the advantages that a large number of primordium death, black young mushroom tip, yellow stipe, black young mushroom pileus and the like are avoided, and the yield of the Jiannong morchella esculenta Y5 strain is increased. The primordium is early in appearing time, long in harvesting time and high in yield. Meanwhile, the invention further discloses a molecular marker of the Gannong morchella esculenta Y5, and the identification of the specificity and authenticity of the Gannong morchella esculenta Y5 is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of edible fungi, specifically relating to a domesticated wild Morchella impportuna strain, *Morchella gannanensis* Y5, and its application and identification in subtropical, heat-tolerant, high-yield cultivation. A heat-tolerant, high-yield Morchella gannanensis Y5 strain and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Morel mushrooms (Morchella) belong to the genus Morchella in the family Moricaceae. They are named for their caps' resemblance to sheep's stomachs and are a rare fungus used for both medicinal and culinary purposes. Morels typically grow in the humus layer of broad-leaved forests or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests and are distributed worldwide; they are also found in 28 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of my country. Morels have a smooth texture and delicious flavor. They are beneficial for the stomach and intestines, aiding digestion, resolving phlegm and regulating qi, tonifying the kidneys and strengthening yang, and invigorating the brain. They also have the effects of strengthening the body, preventing colds, and enhancing the body's immunity. The fruiting body of morels is rich in protein, fat, polysaccharides, vitamins, and other components. The content of beneficial trace elements such as iron, zinc, and selenium is among the highest in edible fungi; the zinc content is 4.3 times that of shiitake mushrooms, and the iron content is 31 times that of shiitake mushrooms. They also contain more than 20 kinds of amino acids, with essential amino acids accounting for about half of all amino acids.

[0003] Morel (Morchella importuna) is a species of morel in the family Morchicaceae and is currently the main cultivated species in my country. The main problems in the artificial cultivation of morels are: (1) morel varieties are prone to degeneration; (2) cultivation is greatly affected by temperature, with localized short-term high temperatures in spring easily leading to the death of a large number of mushroom buds, resulting in reduced yield or even crop failure; and (3) they are susceptible to diseases and pests during the fruiting period. Therefore, cultivating new morel varieties with good temperature tolerance, rapid fruiting, stable traits, strong resistance, and high yield is an effective way to solve the above problems.

[0004] According to the NCBI website, there are currently over 300 species of morel mushrooms in the family Morchicaceae. Of these, only 8 can be domesticated and cultivated artificially, and only 3 can be commercially cultivated: *Morchella tessmannii*, *Morchella septemlobus*, and *Morchella septemlobus*. Therefore, preserving and selecting superior morel mushroom varieties is extremely important. Based on the excellent traits, robust ascocarps, and high yield of the wild morel mushroom we collected in Lueyang County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, it is undoubtedly a good material for breeding morel mushrooms that are heat-resistant in subtropical regions to enhance genetic diversity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a domesticated wild morel strain, Gannong Morel Y5.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide high-yield cultivation and identification of the above-mentioned heat-resistant morel mushroom Y5.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution.

[0008] This invention relates to *Morchella importuna* Y5, which is currently deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) under accession number CGMCC NO.41064. The deposit date is December 11, 2023.

[0009] Another objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned Gan Nong Morel Y5 in the temperature-tolerant cultivation and identification of subtropical mushrooms in Jiangxi Province.

[0010] The Ganong Morel Y5 provided by this invention can differentiate primordia earlier in the fruiting test of temperature-suitable cultivation in Jiangxi Province, and the number of morel ascocarps per unit area is higher and more stable under temperature stress conditions than commercially cultivated varieties.

[0011] The above-mentioned stable and high-yield cultivation method for Gan Nong Morel Y5 includes the following steps:

[0012] Mother culture expansion: In a clean bench, use a sterilized and cooled inoculation spatula to inoculate the Gannong Morel Y5 test tube culture into the center of the mother culture medium plate. Incubate in a biochemical incubator at 25℃ under light-proof conditions for about 7 days until the mycelium covers the plate, and the Gannong Morel Y5 mother culture is obtained.

[0013] Primary culture: In a clean bench, use a sterilized and cooled 6mm punch to extract 8 pieces of morel mother culture and place them in a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask with a capacity of 100ml. Incubate in the dark for about 7 days in a shaker at 25℃ and 180r / min to obtain the Gan Nong morel Y5 primary culture.

[0014] Cultivation of the spawn: 5 ml of the mixed solution of the original spawn of morel mushroom Y5 obtained in step (2) was inoculated into a polypropylene morel mushroom cultivation bag and cultured at 18℃ under dark conditions for 14-18 days. When the mycelium filled the bag, the spawn of morel mushroom Y5 was obtained.

[0015] Sowing and Mulching: First, remove debris from the field and evenly spread quicklime at a rate of 50 kg per acre for disinfection. Then, expose the field to direct sunlight for several days to reduce moisture and prevent sticking. Use a machine to prepare the soil, making it fine and not sticky to the touch. Before sowing, prepare beds approximately 1 meter wide with a spacing of about 30 cm between beds. After sowing, water promptly to keep the soil moist, ensuring the soil surface does not turn white. Cover with black plastic mulch film, evenly punching 3 cm diameter ventilation holes. Then, construct a greenhouse using transparent plastic film and shade netting to avoid strong sunlight and retain moisture.

[0016] Mycelial Cultivation and Placement of Nutrient Bags: After inoculating morel mushrooms, maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse below 20℃ and keep the soil moist. After 14 days of mycelial growth, when the mycelium emerges from the ground, uncover the black mulch and place the open nutrient bags (300g each). Sterilize each bag with a blade over an alcohol lamp. After cooling, make three diagonal cuts on one side of each nutrient bag. Place the open side on the bed and press it down firmly. Use four nutrient bags per square meter. After evenly placing the nutrient bags, re-cover with the black mulch.

[0017] Primordial differentiation: After the nutrient bags are covered with mycelium and the quality drops significantly, and the temperature inside the greenhouse stabilizes above 15℃, spray once with mushroom-growing water to completely wet the soil. Open the sides of the greenhouse for ventilation to induce primordia formation. A large number of primordia will form about 7 days after spraying water.

[0018] Mushroom management and harvesting: After spraying mushroom-growing water, maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse at 10-20℃, relative humidity at 70%-80%, and soil moisture content at 45-55%. In case of high temperatures, various cooling methods can be used. The time from primordia development to ascocarp maturity is 20-25 days. During the fruiting period, the air humidity near the ground should be controlled at 85%-90%. When the fruiting bodies stop growing, the cap ridges and pits are clearly distinguishable, and the ascocarps have basically unfolded, they are mature and ready for harvesting.

[0019] The formula for the mother culture medium mentioned in step (1) of the above cultivation method is: 200 g of potato (boiled and filtered to obtain juice), 20 g of glucose, 20 g of agar, 1 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5 g of magnesium sulfate, which is 1 L.

[0020] The method for preparing the mother culture medium is as follows: Cut 200g of peeled potatoes into cubes of about 5mm, put them into about 1L of distilled water and boil for 20 minutes. Filter the liquid through 3 layers of gauze and then add the other components mentioned above. Mix well and add distilled water to make up to 1000mL. Dispense the liquid into conical flasks, seal them, and then put them into an autoclave at 121℃ for 30 minutes.

[0021] The formula for the liquid primary culture medium mentioned in step (2) of the above cultivation method is as follows: 200g of potato (boiled and filtered to obtain juice), 20g of glucose, 1.5g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1g of peptone, and 2g of yeast extract, which is 1L.

[0022] The preparation method of the liquid original culture medium in step (2) of the above cultivation method is as follows: Cut 200g of peeled potatoes into cubes of about 5mm, put them into about 1L of distilled water and boil for 20 minutes. Filter the liquid through 3 layers of gauze and then add the other components mentioned above. After mixing well, add distilled water to make up to 1000mL. Dispense the liquid into conical flasks, seal them, and then put them into an autoclave at 121℃ for 30 minutes for sterilization.

[0023] The formula for the cultivation bag mentioned in step (3) of the above cultivation method is: 75% wheat, 23% sawdust, 1% lime, 1% gypsum; moisture content 60-65%.

[0024] The cultivation bag preparation method described in step (3) of the above cultivation method is as follows: Each bag weighs 375g in total, consisting of 75% wheat, 23% sawdust, 1% lime, and 1% gypsum, all in wet weight proportions. The wheat should be soaked in water for two days in advance until thoroughly wet. Mix all components evenly, ensuring a moisture content of 60%, and pack into polypropylene bags (12cm×24cm×0.05cm). Sterilize at 121℃ for 3.5 hours and set aside for later use.

[0025] The formula for the nutrient bag mentioned in step (5) of the above cultivation method is: 60% wheat, 38% corn cob, 1% lime, 1% gypsum, and 60-65% moisture content;

[0026] The method for preparing the nutrient bags described in step (5) of the above cultivation method is as follows: Each bag contains 300g of wheat, corn cob, lime, and gypsum, with the following weight percentages: 60% wheat, 38% corn cob, 1% lime, and 1% gypsum. All of these proportions are wet weights. The wheat should be soaked in water for two days in advance. Mix all components evenly with a moisture content of 60%. Pack the nutrient material into a polypropylene bag (12cm×24cm×0.005cm) and sterilize it at 121℃ for 3.5h.

[0027] The molecular marker used to identify the above-mentioned strain, *Morchella gannanensis* Y5, is a DNA molecule fragment with a length of 649 bp; the nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule fragment is shown in SEQ ID No: 1.

[0028] The aforementioned molecular marker, wherein the PCR amplification primers for the molecular marker consist of ITS1 and ITS4; the primer sequences are as follows: ITS1:5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3'; ITS4:5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'.

[0029] The advantages and beneficial technical effects of this invention are as follows: (1) The ascocarps of the Gan Nong Morel Y5 strain of this invention are dark brown, with good mushroom shape and high commercial value, providing a new morel variety for the market. (2) The Gan Nong Morel Y5 strain of this invention has high yield, with a large number of morel fruiting bodies per unit area. Its average yield per mu (667 square meters) under agricultural cultivation is 438 kg, which is higher than the yield per mu of the main commercially cultivated strains on the market. (3) The Gan Nong Morel Y5 strain of this invention has a short cultivation cycle and early primordia appearance. The cycle from sowing to fruiting and harvesting is 105-110 days, which is 5-10 days shorter than the cultivation cycle of the main commercially cultivated strains. (4) The molecular markers of this invention are highly specific to Gan Nong Morel Y5, and the detection results are accurate and reliable. The detection method is simple and fast, and is suitable for use in the identification of authenticity or infringement of Gan Nong Morel Y5.

[0030] Biological Preservation: The wild Morchella importuna domesticated in this invention, namely Gan Nong Morchella Y5, was collected by the inventor from Lueyang County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, and was isolated, cultured, acclimatized to high temperatures, and screened through cultivation. This strain is currently preserved at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, located at the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, with accession number CGMCC NO.41064 and preservation date of December 11, 2023. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 Photos of the ascocarps in the field of Gan Nong Morel Y5 mushroom.

[0033] Figure 2 Photo of fresh ascocarps of morel mushroom Y5 from Gannong.

[0034] Figure 3 Phylogenetic tree diagram of morel mushroom Y5 from Gannong.

[0035] Figure 4 Example 3: Yield (g) at different harvesting stages.

[0036] Figure 5 Example 3: Temperature changes during the harvesting period.

[0037] Figure 6 Morphology of morel mushroom specimen Y5 from Gannong. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following embodiments are conventional methods in this technical field; unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used are commercially available.

[0040] The present invention will be further illustrated by specific embodiments below, but these embodiments do not constitute any limitation on the present invention.

[0041] Example 1: Classification and identification of the strain *Morchella gannanensis* Y5 of the present invention.

[0042] (1) Morphological identification of morel mushroom Y5 from Gannong: The ascocarp (fruiting body cap) is dark brown, 6-15 cm high, 4-11 cm long and 2-4 cm thick, conical in shape, with the lower edge connected to the stipe. The ascocarp has well-developed longitudinal ridges, 11-18 in number, and shallower transverse ridges. The ridges are covered with short hairs, and the transverse and longitudinal ridges intersect to form pits. The ridges are flatter when young and become sharper when mature. The stipe is 2-7 cm long and 2-5 cm thick, white, cylindrical, and hollow. The asci are columnar, each containing eight spores arranged longitudinally in a single row.

[0043] (2) Molecular biological classification and identification of *Morchella esculenta* Y5: Genomic DNA was extracted from *Morchella gannanensis* Y5 using a novel plant genomic DNA extraction kit, CW0531 (Beijing Kangwei Century Co., Ltd.), and then amplified by PCR using ITS1 and ITS4 as primers. The primer sequences are as follows: ITS1:5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3'; ITS4:5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'.

[0044] The ITS-PCR reaction system was as follows: total volume 20 μL: 1 μL of 20-50 ng / μL DNA template, 2 μL of 10×Buffer, 0.5 μL of 2.5 mM dNTPs, 0.2 μL of 5 U / μL DNA polymerase, 0.5 μL each of 0.2 μM primers, and double-distilled water to a final volume of 20 μL. The ITS-PCR reaction conditions were: pre-denaturation at 94℃ for 5 min; 30 cycles of 94℃ for 1 min, 60℃ for 1 min, and 72℃ for 75 s; extension at 72℃ for 10 min. The obtained PCR amplification products were subjected to gel electrophoresis to detect the presence of bands, and the PCR stock solution was then sent to Qingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for sequencing. The nucleotide sequence of the obtained DNA fragment is shown in SEQ ID No: 1. The nucleotide sequence of this DNA fragment was BLAST-aligned in GeneBank. The results showed that the ITS sequence of the *Morchella ganongensis* strain Y5 had the highest similarity (99.72%) to the ITS sequence of *Morchella importuna*. A phylogenetic tree was constructed. (See results...) Figure 3 As can be seen from the phylogenetic tree, *Morchella importuna* strain Y5 belongs to the genus *Morchella importuna*. The above results indicate that the *Morchella importuna* strain Y5 of this invention belongs to the genus *Morchella*. Furthermore, the BLAST comparison results show that the *Morchella importuna* strain Y5 of this invention is different from any known *Morchella importuna* strain, and is a novel *Morchella importuna* strain.

[0045] Example 2: Temperature tolerance of the present invention strain *Morchella esculenta* Y5 to fruiting cultivation products.

[0046] Follow these steps:

[0047] (1) Selection of strains: The Gan Nong Morel Y5 strain invented in this laboratory was compared with three commercially produced morel strains collected, as follows: Table 1. Names, sources, and varieties of experimental strains in Example 2 Strain name source variety Y5 Lueyang County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Domesticated wild morel mushrooms JFRL01-107 Edible Fungus Cultivation Base of Wudun Sanong Professional Cooperative, Tangwan Town, Guixi City Morel mushrooms JFRL01-225 Lingxi Village, Guixi City Morel mushrooms JFRL1-226 Lingxi Village, Guixi City Six Sister Morel Mushrooms

[0048] (2) Site selection and soil treatment: Select a location with convenient transportation and flat ground for morel mushroom cultivation. Loamy soil is preferred, with high humus content and good water retention and aeration. The site should be near a water source with convenient drainage to prevent waterlogging and drought. One week before sowing, use a rotary tiller to turn the soil and remove weeds. After weeding, apply lime powder at a rate of 50 kg per acre to effectively kill or repel most insects and appropriately adjust the soil pH. Afterward, expose the soil to sunlight for a few days and avoid soil compaction.

[0049] (3) Sowing: Sowing can be carried out when the atmospheric temperature is stable below 20℃. Before sowing, the land is tilled by machine to a depth of 25-30cm; then, the land is divided into 1*1m plots by machine. There are two main methods for sowing morel mushrooms: broadcasting and row sowing. This experiment uses row sowing. The morel mushroom spawn is broken into small pieces with a diameter of 1.0-1.5cm. 375g of spawn is used for each plot. The spawn is sown in the pre-dug sowing furrows, covered with 3cm of soil, watered after sowing, and then covered with black plastic film. The sides of the film are compacted with soil clods to prevent it from being blown away, and ventilation holes are made. After sowing, a greenhouse is built using transparent plastic film, with a certain number of ventilation holes made accordingly. The plastic film mainly serves to keep the soil warm and moist. Then, a shade net with a 75% shading rate is used to cover the plastic film for shading to avoid strong sunlight and prevent the mycelium from dying.

[0050] (4) Mycelial growth and placement of nutrient bags: About 14 days after sowing, the mycelium begins to spread to the soil surface, forming a white mycelial bloom. At this time, open the external nutrient bag and place it on the surface of the mycelial bloom, allowing it to come into contact with the morel mycelium. The mycelium will then grow into the nutrient bag, transferring the nutrients from the bag to the sclerotia underground, thus ensuring the nutrient supply for the later growth and development of the fruiting bodies. The specific method for placing the nutrient bags is to evenly place 4 bags per square meter, each bag weighing 300g. The spacing between each nutrient bag should be 20-30cm.

[0051] (5) Management during the mycelium growth period: The main goal of management during this stage is to promote the abundant growth of morel mycelium, allowing it to fill the top 20-30cm of soil. Attention should be paid to temperature, moisture, air, pests, wind, rain, snow, and other microorganisms. If the soil is short of water, water should be added. This can be done by irrigating the furrows, spraying water onto the soil surface under the film, or spraying water directly onto the film without removing it, allowing the water to flow into the furrows and slowly seep into the soil. If sowing is early or the temperature is high, causing the temperature under the film or near the ground surface in the greenhouse to remain above 25°C for an extended period, the film should be removed promptly for ventilation and cooling.

[0052] (6) Mushroom cultivation management: Manage according to the following methods.

[0053] ①Nutritional stimulation: When the exogenous nutrient bag becomes noticeably lighter, it means that the nutrients in the bag have been transferred to the underground sclerotia. The bag can then be removed, and mushroom cultivation can be promoted to accelerate the formation of primordia. If the bag is not removed, it will not only be detrimental to mushroom production, but it will also affect the health of the fruiting bodies.

[0054] ②Removing the film: Remove the covering film 15 days before the edible fungi begin to grow. The removal of the film should be done gradually to avoid reduced yield due to significant environmental changes. The specific operation is as follows: First, make holes in the film to gradually bring the microenvironment under the film closer to the macroenvironment. Then, completely remove the film after 3 days.

[0055] ③ Moisture stimulation: Use micro-spraying or sprinkler irrigation to water until the soil surface of 15cm is completely saturated. Alternatively, water can be poured into the furrows and kept in the furrows for 24 hours to allow the water to seep into the soil. Needle-shaped primordia can be seen 5-7 days after watering.

[0056] ④ Humidity control: Maintain the highest relative humidity inside the greenhouse at 85%–95% and the soil moisture content at 35%–50%. Generally, the humidity is highest at night, reaching over 90%, and will slowly decrease to around 50% during the day as the sun rises. If the humidity is too low during the day or night, and the soil surface turns white or cracks, indicating a lack of water, water should be added in time. If the surface temperature exceeds 20℃ for a long period during the mushroom growing season, various measures such as lifting the plastic film at both ends of the greenhouse or spraying water should be taken to cool it down.

[0057] ⑤ Other management practices: Temperature difference stimulation of 10℃ or more, and lifting the film to increase light and oxygen stimulation are all beneficial to the differentiation of primordia. If conventional methods still cannot induce the formation of primordia, it may be due to the aging and degeneration of the strain. Extreme methods such as trampling the soil on the bed to create mechanical stimulation can be used to induce the growth of mushrooms.

[0058] (7) Mushroom Management: During the process of primordia differentiation into young mushrooms, the stability of the microenvironment close to the ground should be maintained as much as possible. Avoid large fluctuations in temperature and humidity caused by large ventilation. Do not spray water directly onto the small primordia to avoid death. After the young mushrooms are 1.5-3.0cm tall, continue to maintain air humidity and temperature, reduce soil moisture content to 30-35%, and appropriately increase the temperature inside the greenhouse but not exceed 20℃ to accelerate the growth and development of young mushrooms. In the later stage of rapid growth of young mushrooms, the ground temperature should be maintained at 12-16℃, the soil moisture content should be increased to 32-38%, and the ventilation should be increased to promote the rapid growth and development of morel mushrooms. During the ascocarp maturation stage, the soil moisture should be appropriately reduced to accelerate the air circulation speed.

[0059] (8) Harvesting morel mushrooms: Morel mushrooms can be harvested when the asci stop expanding, the cap ridge and pit contours are obvious, and the mushrooms are elastic. Mature morel mushroom asci should be harvested as soon as possible, otherwise the spores will be ejected, the mushroom body will shrink and rot, the aroma will decrease, and the product value will be reduced. When harvesting, wash your hands first, and use a sharp blade to cut the stem near the ground parallel to the ground to avoid harming other immature morel mushrooms. After harvesting morel mushrooms, the remaining base of the morel mushrooms should also be cleaned to prevent rotting and the generation of miscellaneous fungi and pests.

[0060] (9) Drying of Morel Mushrooms: Fresh morel mushrooms need to be refrigerated, but the storage time is limited, so they generally need to be dried. Initial drying: Arrange the fresh morel mushrooms on a drying sieve and push them into a dryer to start drying at 35℃ with a humidity of less than 70% for about 3 days. Heating and dehumidification: Raise the temperature to 40℃-45℃ and reduce the humidity to 55% for about 2 hours. Further drying and dehumidification: Raise the temperature to about 50℃ and reduce the humidity to 35% for about 2 hours. Finally, high-temperature drying: Raise the temperature to 53-55℃ and reduce the humidity to below 15%. Packaging and storage: After the morel mushrooms are dried, let them stand in the air for 10-20 minutes, cool them, and then seal them in a dry environment.

[0061] (10) Results of the cultivation of morel mushrooms:

[0062] Number of days to fill a mushroom bag Number of days since the appearance of frost Number of days since primordia appeared Average growth days of ascocarp <![CDATA[Output g / m 2 > Yield per mu (kg / mu) Average harvesting period days Y5 14 10 90 12 657.2±35 438.13 40 JFRL01-107 15 13 115 15 255.6±21 170.4 21 JFRL01-225 17 15 120 13 66.8±12 44.53 13 JFRL01-226 18 15 124 15 317±28 211.33 13

[0063] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A domesticated wild morel (Morchella importuna) Y5, deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with accession number CGMCC No. 41064.

2. The Gan Nong Morel Y5 as described in claim 1 is characterized in that... During the budding and mushroom growth stages, it can tolerate short-term temperature stress of 28°C in the atmosphere and 22°C in the soil. Compared with the currently commercially cultivated morel species, such as morel 'Tieleng' and morel 'Liu Mei', it does not exhibit phenomena such as large-scale death of primordia, blackening of the tips of young mushrooms, yellowing of the stem, and blackening of the cap of young mushrooms.

3. The Ganong Morel Y5 mushroom as described in claim 1 is characterized in that... Compared to currently commercially cultivated varieties, it exhibits earlier primordia appearance, a longer harvest period, and higher yield under the same temperature stress.

4. The use of the morel strain according to claim 1 in breeding.

5. The application of a molecular marker in the identification of authenticity or infringement of the morel mushroom Y5 described in claim 1.

6. The molecular marker of claim 4 refers to a DNA molecule fragment of 649 bp in length; the nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule fragment is shown in SEQ ID No: 1; the PCR amplification primers for the molecular marker consist of ITS1 and ITS4; the primer sequences are as follows: ITS1:5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3'; ITS4:5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'.

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