A hyperboloid retractable column footing structure and a support system including the column footing structure

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of support for coal mines, tunnels and other underground engineering, specifically relates to a hyperboloidal telescopic column foot structure and a support system including the column foot structure. The column foot structure is composed of a support column, a central connecting rod, a movable rod, a first sliding rod, a second sliding rod, and a negative Poisson's ratio circular ring, forming a stable hyperboloidal shape, aiming to provide higher bearing capacity and flexibility to adapt to complex underground environments. Under external loads such as soil, rock pressure, and rock burst, the hyperboloidal connection shape of the column foot can effectively disperse and transfer these loads, thereby reducing the impact on the support column. The cross-connection design of the rods not only enhances the overall strength and stiffness of the column foot, but also improves the deformation resistance, ensuring safety under dynamic conditions. The telescopic design of the structure makes it suitable for various tunnel and underground mining conditions, allowing adjustment of its height and connection angle according to actual needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of support for coal mines, tunnels and other underground engineering projects, and specifically to a hyperboloid retractable column base structure and a support system including the column base structure. Background Technology

[0002] Existing mining support structures mainly consist of hydraulic support structures and U-shaped steel canopy beam support structures.

[0003] Hydraulic supports rely on high-pressure hydraulic fluid as the working medium, using hydraulic cylinders to generate continuous supporting force to maintain the stability of the roadway roof. Compared to single props, they can provide higher support strength and roof-reaching performance. However, commonly used hydraulic props (such as four-post roof caving supports) suffer from uneven stress on the front and rear pillars, which can easily weaken the load-bearing capacity of the front roof beam. When encountering soft rock layers and fractured roofs, they are highly susceptible to rockbursts, resulting in spalling and roof collapse, posing safety hazards. Furthermore, a single hydraulic support needs to cover a larger area of ​​the roof than the working face support, resulting in a lower average support strength for the roof compared to the working face support, making it difficult to effectively control large deformations of the surrounding rock.

[0004] U-shaped steel girder support structures are a common form of passive support in roadways. They consist of U-shaped steel beams bent into an arc shape, assembled into a frame using cables and other connectors to bear and transmit the pressure of the surrounding rock. However, the girder beams on both sides of the frame typically only passively displace after significant deformation of the surrounding rock. Therefore, the compressibility and load-bearing capacity of the U-shaped steel support are limited, making it difficult to adapt to severe surrounding rock deformation. With increasing mining depth, the high stress state of the surrounding rock makes the girder beams prone to in-plane or out-of-plane unstable failure, resulting in crushing or torsional deformation and ultimately loss of load-bearing capacity.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a column support that can adapt to uneven deformation of the surrounding rock, and overcome the safety problems caused by torsional fracture of hydraulic support and U-shaped steel support under impact, high stress and continuous deformation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, this invention discloses a hyperboloid retractable column base structure and a support system including the column base structure; under the action of external loads such as soil, rock pressure, and rockburst, the hyperboloid connection shape of the column base structure can effectively disperse and transfer these loads, thereby reducing the impact on the support structure.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows;

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a hyperboloid telescopic column base structure, including a support column, a central connecting rod, a movable rod, a first sliding rod, a second sliding rod, and a negative Poisson's ratio ring;

[0009] A first sliding rod is slidably connected to the upper part of the central connecting rod, and a second sliding rod is slidably connected to the lower part. The first and second sliding rods are connected to movable rods, and each movable rod connects to a first sliding rod and a second sliding rod, forming a single-leaf hyperboloid shape. The upper and lower ends of each movable rod are connected to the inner ring of the corresponding negative Poisson's ratio ring through an arm-type support. The outer ring of the negative Poisson's ratio ring is fixed to the inner wall of the support column.

[0010] As a further technical solution, one end of the first sliding rod is connected to the upper part of the central connecting rod through a sliding support, and the other end is welded to the upper part of the movable rod. One end of the second sliding rod is connected to the lower part of the central connecting rod through a sliding support, and the other end is welded to the lower part of the movable rod.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the sliding support is equipped with displacement and pressure sensors.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the arm-type support includes a first hinge seat, a second hinge seat, two first hinge arms, and four second hinge arms; the first hinge seat is connected to a movable rod, and the second hinge seat is connected to a negative Poisson's ratio ring, wherein one end of the first first hinge arm is connected to the upper part of the second hinge seat, and the other end is connected to one end of a first pair of parallel second hinge arms via a pin, and the other end of the two second hinge arms is connected to the first hinge seat; one end of the second first hinge arm is connected to the lower part of the second hinge seat, and the other end is connected to one end of a second pair of parallel second hinge arms via a pin, and the other end of the second pair of second hinge arms is connected to the first hinge seat.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the length of the first first hinge arm is greater than the length of the second first hinge arm; the length of the first pair of parallel second hinge arms is less than the length of the second pair of parallel second hinge arms.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the negative Poisson's ratio ring is connected by four chiral ligaments to form a circumferential structure.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the four nodes of the four-handed ligament are connected to the second hinge seat through connectors.

[0016] As a further technical solution, the four-chiral ligaments include two sets of ligaments, one set of opposite ligaments is straight, and the other set of opposite ligaments is V-shaped and concave. After the two sets of ligaments are connected, four circular joints are formed; and after adjacent four-chiral ligaments are connected, a double arrowhead structure is formed.

[0017] As a further technical solution, a support is also included, wherein the upper part of the support is connected to the bottom of the support column and the lower part is connected to the bottom of the roadway.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention also provides a support system comprising the hyperboloid telescopic column base structure described above.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0020] The hyperboloid telescopic column base structure proposed in this invention is composed of a support column, a central connecting rod, movable rods, a first sliding rod, a second sliding rod, and a negative Poisson's ratio ring, forming a stable hyperboloid shape. The axial expansion and contraction direction of the negative Poisson's ratio ring is coordinated with the movement direction of the central connecting rod and the movable rod. Utilizing its negative Poisson's ratio characteristic, when the central connecting rod and the movable rod are compressed, they provide compressive force to the periphery of the negative Poisson's ratio ring. The radial expansion of the negative Poisson's ratio ring offsets the circumferential tensile stress, preventing fracture. Simultaneously, when the central connecting rod and the movable rod are compressed and extended, the negative Poisson's ratio ring always maintains sufficient contact with the sidewall of the support column, ensuring the stability of the entire hyperboloid telescopic column base structure. Due to the tensile expansion effect, it overcomes the fracture and loosening problems of traditional circumferential hoops under impact environments. When the central connecting rod displaces downward due to external impact or surrounding rock compression, this characteristic avoids stress concentration fracture caused by hoop tension, making it particularly suitable for high tensile load scenarios with instantaneous release of impact pressure. This invention aims to provide higher load-bearing capacity and flexibility to adapt to complex underground environments. The hyperboloid telescopic column base structure is designed to allow for flexible expansion and contraction under varying stress, maintaining structural stability. Under external loads such as soil and rock pressure, and rockburst, the hyperboloid connection shape of the column base effectively disperses and transfers these loads, thereby reducing the impact on the support column. The cross-connection design of the members not only enhances the overall strength and stiffness of the column base but also improves its resistance to deformation, ensuring safety under dynamic conditions.

[0021] Furthermore, the negative Poisson's ratio ring in this invention is connected by four chiral ligaments to form a circumferential structure with a special concave ligament design. When the negative Poisson's ratio ring is subjected to radial load, it will extend axially, increasing its overall diameter without affecting its axial diameter. Its ability to transmit axial deformation under radial force solves the problem of uneven stress leading to excessive local deformation and fracture in traditional circumferential hoopes. When the ring expands, its axial diameter does not decrease, increasing the contact between the ring and the column base wall. This better adapts to the needs of large local deformation and impact resistance.

[0022] Furthermore, the scalable design of the structure of this invention makes it suitable for various roadways and underground mining conditions, allowing for adjustments to its height and connection angles as needed. This hyperboloid column base structure is lightweight, making it suitable for roadway support applications. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the hyperboloid retractable column base structure disclosed in this invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the upper structure of the hyperboloid retractable column base structure disclosed in this invention;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the connection between the movable rod and the sliding rod disclosed in this invention Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the connection between the movable rod and the sliding rod disclosed in this invention Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 5 Top view of the hyperboloid retractable column base structure disclosed in this invention;

[0028] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the arm-type support member disclosed in this invention Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the arm-type support member disclosed in this invention Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first hinge seat disclosed in this invention;

[0031] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second hinge seat disclosed in this invention;

[0032] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the sliding support disclosed in this invention Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the sliding support disclosed in this invention Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the negative Poisson's ratio ring disclosed in this invention;

[0035] Figure 13 A partial structural diagram of the negative Poisson's ratio ring after unfolding, as disclosed in this invention;

[0036] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the negative Poisson's ratio annular portion structure disclosed in this invention;

[0037] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the negative Poisson's ratio ring forming method disclosed in this invention;

[0038] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the structure of the four-chial ligament disclosed in this invention;

[0039] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the connection between the negative Poisson's ratio ring and the second hinge seat disclosed in this invention Figure 1 ;

[0040] Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the connection between the negative Poisson's ratio ring and the second hinge seat disclosed in this invention Figure 2 ;

[0041] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the connection between the negative Poisson's ratio ring and the second hinge seat disclosed in this invention Figure 3 ;

[0042] In the diagram: 1. Central connecting rod; 2. Movable rod; 3. Sliding rod; 31. First sliding rod; 32. Second sliding rod; 4. Support column; 5. Support; 6. Arm-type support; 6-1. First hinge seat; 6-2. Second hinge seat; 6-3. First hinge arm; 6-4. Second hinge arm; 7. Negative Poisson's ratio ring; 7-1. Four-chiral ligament; 8-1. Slide rail; 8-2. Slider; Detailed Implementation

[0043] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0044] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, unless otherwise expressly indicated by the invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0045] For ease of description, the words "up," "down," "left," and "right" appearing in this invention only indicate that they are consistent with the up, down, left, and right directions of the accompanying drawings themselves. They do not limit the structure and are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of this invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0046] The structure disclosed in this invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings;

[0047] This embodiment discloses a hyperboloid retractable column base structure, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the column base structure is composed of a central connecting rod 1, two sets of sliding rods 3 (first sliding rod 31 and second sliding rod 32), movable rods 2, support column 4, support 5, and negative Poisson's ratio ring 7, forming a hyperboloid shape. A ring of first sliding rods 31 is slidably connected to the upper part of the central connecting rod 1, and a ring of second sliding rods 32 is slidably connected to the lower part. The first sliding rods 31 and second sliding rods 32 are connected to corresponding movable rods 2. Each movable rod 2 connects to one first sliding rod 31 and one second sliding rod 32. The structure forms a single-leaf hyperboloid shape. The upper and lower ends of the movable rod 2 are each connected to the inner ring of the corresponding negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 via arm-type supports. The outer ring of the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 is fixed to the inner wall of the support column 4. The bottom of the support column 4 is a support 5. The cross-connection of the sliding rod 3 and the movable rod 2 in the column base structure not only enhances the overall strength and rigidity of the column base but also improves its resistance to deformation, ensuring safety under dynamic conditions. The telescopic design of this structure makes it suitable for various roadways and underground mining conditions, allowing for adjustment of its height and connection angle according to actual needs.

[0048] The purpose of this invention is to address the challenges posed by coal mine roadways during mining operations. In such conditions, roadways undergo uneven deformation at a constant rate, leading to creep instability. Therefore, for roadways in soft rock, high-stress, and frequently disturbed environments, columns are required to provide stable support while preventing stress concentration that could cause localized structural instability and reducing plastic deformation. Based on this, this embodiment provides the aforementioned hyperboloid telescopic column base structure. This structure is suitable for roadway and underground mining support columns 4. Compared to traditional sleeve telescopic forms, the hyperboloid form offers stronger telescopic performance, and the multi-directional members effectively control the column base to prevent instability.

[0049] As a further technical solution, the movable rod 2 is cross-connected with the first sliding rod 31 and the second sliding rod 32 by multi-point welding to form a stable support frame. Specifically, one end of the first sliding rod 31 is connected to the upper part of the central connecting rod 1 through a sliding support, and the other end is welded to the upper part of the movable rod 2. One end of the second sliding rod 32 is connected to the lower part of the central connecting rod 1 through a sliding support, and the other end is welded to the lower part of the movable rod 2.

[0050] The first sliding rod 31 includes a plurality of them, and the plurality of first sliding rods 31 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the central connecting rod 1;

[0051] The second sliding rod 32 includes a plurality of them, and the plurality of second sliding rods 32 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the central connecting rod 1;

[0052] The number of movable rods 2 is equal to the number of the first sliding rods 31 and the second sliding rods 32.

[0053] As a further technical solution, such as Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, the sliding support consists of a slide rail 8-1 and a slider 8-2. The slide rail 8-1 can be spliced ​​with the column base center connecting rod 1 by welding or riveting, and the slider 8-2 is connected to the sliding rod 3 by bolts, etc. The sliding support can be equipped with displacement and pressure sensors to monitor the stress state and deformation of the column base in real time.

[0054] Furthermore, for monitoring structural displacement, a magnetostrictive displacement sensor can be used. When a magnetostrictive displacement sensor is used, a sliding rod is arranged on the slide rail 8-1, and a magnetic ring is placed on the slider 8-2, following the movement of the slider 8-2 to achieve displacement monitoring. Through displacement data, the movement state of the hyperboloid column foot can be obtained, thereby assessing the pressure state of the roadway within the column foot's working range. A pressure sensor is specifically installed at the connection point between the slider 8-2 and the sliding rod 3, using a spoke-type sensor with a small thickness to monitor the pressure state of the sliding rod 3. Based on the pressure state of the rod, the tilt state of the movable rod 2 can be calculated. By simultaneously arranging multiple pressure sensors to monitor the states of different rods, when the structure is subjected to eccentric loading, the difference in readings from different pressure sensors can be used for timely detection. In long-term use, the historical pressure change can also provide early warning of potential structural failure. It should be further explained that the first sliding rod 31 and the second sliding rod 32 can share a slide rail 8-1, that is, two sliders 8-2 are set in a slide rail 8-1, the upper slider 8-2 is connected to the first sliding rod 31, and the lower slider 8-2 is connected to the second sliding rod 32; or the first sliding rod 31 and the second sliding rod 32 each correspond to a slide rail 8-1, that is, one slider 8-2 is set in the upper slide rail 8-1, and another slider 8-2 is set in the lower slide rail 8-1; wherein the upper slider 8-2 is connected to the first sliding rod 31, and the lower slider 8-2 is connected to the second sliding rod 32.

[0055] As a further technical solution, the hyperboloid shape design effectively disperses external loads under stress, reducing the impact on the support column 4. The telescopic mechanism is achieved by adjusting the angle and position of the internal connecting rod to adapt to different support requirements. The central connecting rod 1 can be equipped with a built-in sensor for real-time monitoring of the stress state and deformation of the column base.

[0056] As a further technical solution, the central connecting rod 1, the movable rod 2, the first sliding rod 31, and the second sliding rod 32 are all made of high-strength steel to improve their load-bearing capacity and durability.

[0057] As a further technical solution, a negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 is added as a circumferential clamp between the upper and lower ends of the movable rod 2 and the outer column. Specifically, two negative Poisson's ratio rings 7 are included: one at the upper end of the movable rod 2 and one at the lower end. In this embodiment, the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 is connected by four-chiral ligaments 7-1 to form a circumferential structure. It has a special concave ligament design to ensure that the axial diameter of the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 does not change significantly when it expands radially. See [reference needed for specific shape]. Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 , Figure 15 The outer ring of the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 is fixed around the movable rod 2 and connected to the second hinge seat 6-2 by four bolts to achieve coordinated movement with the movable rod 2. The first hinge seat 6-1 is fixed to the movable rod 2 by multi-point welding or hinge; see details. Figure 17 , Figure 18 , Figure 19 .

[0058] Furthermore, the tetrachial ligament 7-1 disclosed in this embodiment before deformation is as follows: Figure 18 As shown, after deformation, as Figure 16 As shown, the quadricarticular ligaments have a special design, consisting of two sets of ligaments. One set of opposing ligaments is straight, while the other set of opposing ligaments is V-shaped and concave. After the two sets of ligaments are connected, they form four circular joints. Furthermore, after adjacent quadricarticular ligaments are connected, they form a double-arrow structure. First, multiple quadricarticular ligaments 7-1 are connected end to end to form a small ring unit. Then, several small ring units are connected together in sequence to form a large ring.

[0059] The ligaments connecting along the radius of the ring structure are straight, while the connecting ligaments along the direction of the arrow are V-shaped and concave.

[0060] The illustrated example consists of multiple rings that are curled to form a hollow ring structure.

[0061] As a further technical solution, the end of the movable rod 2 is connected to the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 by an arm-type support, such as... Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the arm-type support 6 includes a first hinge seat 6-1, a second hinge seat 6-2, two first hinge arms 6-3, and four second hinge arms 6-4. The first hinge seat 6-1 is connected to the movable rod 2, and the second hinge seat 6-2 is connected to the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7. One end of the first first hinge arm 6-3 is connected to the upper part of the second hinge seat 6-2, and the other end is connected to one end of the first pair of parallel second hinge arms 6-4 via a pin. The other ends of the two second hinge arms 6-4 are connected to the first hinge seat 6-1. One end of the second first hinge arm 6-3 is connected to the lower part of the second hinge seat 6-2, and the other end is connected to one end of the second pair of parallel second hinge arms 6-4 via a pin. The other ends of the second pair of second hinge arms 6-4 are connected to the first hinge seat 6-1.

[0062] The length of the first first hinge arm 6-3 is greater than the length of the second first hinge arm 6-3; the length of the first pair of parallel second hinge arms 6-4 is less than the length of the second pair of parallel second hinge arms 6-4.

[0063] In this embodiment, the movable rod 2 is connected by a first hinge seat 6-1, which is used to transmit the force on the rod and provide displacement space for the rod. The second hinge seat 6-2 is used to connect the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 to ensure the vertical mobility of the structural rod. The first hinge arm 6-3 and the second hinge arm 6-4 are rotatable long and short hinge arms, respectively, using metal hinges. The structure is simple and easy to install. The size can be adjusted according to design requirements.

[0064] In this embodiment, in order to adapt to the outer wall shape of circular or irregular column feet, the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 structure is different from the traditional planar ring negative Poisson's ratio structure. The present invention connects and forms a tubular ring structure in the ring direction, and is different from the commonly used mesh ring structure, introducing the tensile effect into the design of column foot support.

[0065] In this embodiment, the specially designed chiral concave ligament, when subjected to radial load, causes the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 to extend axially, increasing the overall diameter D of the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7, but without affecting its own axial diameter D. a The change in the radial force allows it to transmit axial deformation, solving the problem of excessive local deformation and fracture caused by uneven stress in traditional circumferential hoop. When the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 expands, its axial diameter does not decrease, increasing the contact between the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 and the side wall of the support column 4, which can better adapt to the needs of large local deformation and impact resistance.

[0066] In this embodiment, the axial extension direction of the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 is coordinated with the movement direction of the central connecting rod 1 and the movable rod 2. Utilizing its negative Poisson's ratio characteristic, when the central connecting rod 1 and the movable rod 2 are compressed, they provide compressive force to the periphery of the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7. The radial expansion of the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 offsets the circumferential tensile stress, preventing breakage. Simultaneously, when the central connecting rod 1 and the movable rod 2 are compressed and extended, the negative Poisson's ratio ring can always maintain full contact with the sidewall of the support column 4, ensuring the stability of the entire hyperboloid telescopic column base structure. Due to the tensile expansion effect, the problem of fracture and loosening of traditional circumferential hoops under impact conditions is overcome. When the central connecting rod 1 is displaced downward due to external impact or surrounding rock compression, this characteristic can avoid stress concentration fracture caused by hoop tension, making it particularly suitable for high tensile load scenarios with instantaneous release of impact pressure.

[0067] The negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 can be made of materials that support SLS selective laser sintering printing technology, such as high-strength nylon carbon fiber composite material or 316L stainless steel, to ensure molding accuracy and structural integrity.

[0068] Furthermore, the telescopic movement of the movable rod 2 drives the negative Poisson's ratio response of the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7, while the radial force feedback of the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 suppresses stress concentration in the movable rod 2 in real time. Together, they construct a dynamically stable energy dissipation mechanism.

[0069] As a further technical solution, the manufacturing method of the hyperboloid retractable column base structure includes the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: Prepare multiple movable rods 2 and combine them into a single-leaf hyperboloid shape by cross-connection. The movable rods 2 that make up the hyperboloid are controlled by the equation of the straight generatrix:

[0071] (1)

[0072] (2)

[0073] Where (1) and (2) are the straight generatrices of the u family and the v group, respectively, w, u, v, and t are parameters, and not all of them are zero, and a, b, and c are the control parameters of the hyperboloid equation. A movable rod 2 with different surfaces can be constructed using one straight generatrice equation, and the rods constructed by the two equations rotate in opposite directions.

[0074] Step 2: Adjust the connection structure between the central connecting rod 1 and the movable rod 2. The first sliding rod 31 and the second sliding rod 32 are positioned at the top and bottom of the movable rod 2, symmetrically arranged along its height, to achieve the overall telescopic function of the movable rod 2. Simultaneously, connect the upper and lower ends of each movable rod 2 to the first hinge seat 6-1; the first hinge seat 6-1 is connected to the upper and lower two negative Poisson's ratio rings 7, respectively, with the outer periphery of the negative Poisson's ratio rings 7 fitting against the support column 4.

[0075] Step 3: Use bolts to anchor the support 5. The upper part of the support 5 has the same diameter as the support column 4, and the lower part is connected to the bottom of the roadway. The lower diameter is 1.5 times the upper diameter, forming a columnar structure that is thinner at the top and thicker at the bottom.

[0076] The specific force application process is as follows:

[0077] In underground environments such as tunnels, column bases primarily bear the downward pressure and impact forces from the upper supporting columns and surrounding rock. In the initial, unstressed state of the structure, with forces released along the vertical direction of the column bases:

[0078] (1) The force is first transmitted to the central connecting rod 1 and the movable rod 2 on the same plane. After being subjected to the force, the central connecting rod 1 and the movable rod 2 will gradually begin to move downward.

[0079] (2) During the displacement process, the vertical inclination angle of multiple (20 in the schematic diagram) movable rods 2 increases, and the rods tend to contact the side wall of the support column 4. At the same time, the sliding rod 3 connecting the slider 8-2 will squeeze the slide rail 8-1.

[0080] (3) Due to the presence of the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7, it effectively replaces the contact between the movable rod 2 and the side wall of the support column 4, transforming the deformation of the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 to counteract the compression of the movable rod 2 and absorb some energy. Utilizing the tensile properties of negative Poisson's ratio, during the downward displacement of the movable rod 2, in addition to the increase in the vertical inclination angle, the horizontal gap between each movable rod 2 also increases. At this time, both the ring unit and the ligament are under tension in the horizontal direction, and the structure of the negative Poisson's ratio ring 7 is subjected to compressive deformation (e.g., Figure 16 As shown in the diagram, it absorbed some of the energy. Simultaneously, it maintained full contact between the column and the sidewall, keeping the hoop stable and reducing the possibility of fracture.

[0081] Furthermore, the column base structure is suitable for support in coal mines, tunnels, and other underground engineering projects, and can effectively improve safety and structural stability.

[0082] Finally, it should be noted that relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0083] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hyperbolic retractable column base structure, characterized by, The supporting column body, the center connecting rod, the movable rod, the first sliding rod, the second sliding rod, and the negative Poisson's ratio circular ring are included. A circle of the first sliding rod is connected to the upper part of the center connecting rod, and a circle of the second sliding rod is connected to the lower part of the center connecting rod, and the first sliding rod and the second sliding rod are connected to the movable rod, one movable rod is connected to one first sliding rod and one second sliding rod, and a single-leaf double-curved surface shape is formed; the upper end and the lower end of the movable rod are connected to the inner circle of the corresponding negative Poisson's ratio circular ring through the arm support, and the outer circle of the negative Poisson's ratio circular ring is fixed on the inner wall of the supporting column body. The arm support includes a first hinge seat, a second hinge seat, two first hinge arms, and four second hinge arms; the first hinge seat is connected to the movable rod, and the second hinge seat is connected to the negative Poisson's ratio circular ring, wherein one end of the first first hinge arm is connected to the upper part of the second hinge seat, the other end is connected to one end of the first pair of parallel second hinge arms through a pin shaft, and the other end of the two second hinge arms is connected to the first hinge seat; one end of the second first hinge arm is connected to the lower part of the second hinge seat, the other end is connected to one end of the second pair of parallel second hinge arms through a pin shaft, and the other end of the second pair of second hinge arms is connected to the first hinge seat. The length of the first first hinge arm is greater than the length of the second first hinge arm; the length of the first pair of parallel second hinge arms is less than the length of the second pair of parallel second hinge arms.

2. The hyperbolic retractable column base structure of claim 1, wherein, One end of the first sliding rod is connected to the upper part of the center connecting rod through a sliding support, and the other end is welded to the upper part of the movable rod; one end of the second sliding rod is connected to the lower part of the center connecting rod through a sliding support, and the other end is welded to the lower part of the movable rod.

3. The hyperbolic retractable column base structure of claim 2, wherein, The sliding support is internally provided with displacement and pressure sensors.

4. The hyperbolic retractable column base structure of claim 1 wherein, The negative Poisson's ratio circular ring is connected by four chiral ligands and forms a ring structure.

5. The hyperbolic retractable column base structure of claim 4, wherein, The four chiral ligands include two groups of ligands, one group of opposite ligands is arranged straight, and the other group of opposite ligands is in a V-shaped concave shape; after the two groups of ligands are connected, four circular node positions are formed; and after adjacent four chiral ligands are connected, a double-arrow structure is formed.

6. The hyperbolic retractable column base structure of claim 5, wherein, The four node positions of the four chiral ligands are connected to the second hinge seat through a connecting piece.

7. The hyperbolic retractable column base structure of claim 1 wherein, A support is further included, and the upper part of the support is connected to the bottom of the supporting column body, and the lower part is connected to the bottom of the roadway.

8. A support system characterized by, The double-curved surface telescopic column foot structure includes the double-curved surface telescopic column foot structure of any one of claims 1-7.

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