Flood plain biological habitat system and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a floodplain biological habitat system which comprises a floodplain, a plurality of biological habitat ponds are arranged on the floodplain, the biological habitat ponds are connected in series through side channels to form a biological habitat pond ecological link, and the water inlet end of the biological habitat pond ecological link is communicated with the water outlet end of a water inlet channel through the side channels. The water inlet end of the water inlet channel is communicated with the main riverway, the water outlet end of the biological inhabitation pond link is communicated with the water inlet end of the water outlet channel through the side channel, the water outlet end of the water outlet channel is communicated with the main riverway, an ecological frame belt is arranged between the main riverway and the floodplain, and the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel both penetrate through the ecological frame belt; the invention further discloses a construction method of the flood plain biological habitat system. According to the method, the original floodplain landform is fully reserved and utilized, diversified biological habitat environments are set, meanwhile, the technology has small influence on the surrounding environment, the engineering investment is low, river landscapes can be enriched, and the method has good application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of water conservancy engineering and ecology, specifically to a floodplain biological habitat system, and also to a method for constructing a floodplain biological habitat system. Background Technology

[0002] The floodplain is a gently sloping strip of land between the main channel of a river and its banks. It encompasses the area covered by floodwaters. The floodplain serves as both the primary floodplain during the flood season and an important habitat for fish, large invertebrates, and other aquatic life. Due to human activities such as sand mining, some floodplain habitats have been severely damaged, leading to the degradation of the river's aquatic ecosystem.

[0003] Existing floodplain management technologies tend to focus on river flood control safety. In engineering applications, existing sand pits and abandoned ponds are often filled in, and riverbanks are hardened and reinforced, making it difficult to restore the ecological function of floodplains. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems in the prior art by providing a floodplain biological habitat system and a method for constructing such a system, thereby solving the problem that the prior art is unable to effectively restore the ecological function of floodplains.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A floodplain habitat system includes a floodplain with multiple habitat ponds. These habitat ponds are connected in series via side passages to form a habitat pond ecological link. The inlet of the habitat pond ecological link is connected to the outlet of an inlet channel via a side passage. The inlet of the inlet channel is connected to the main channel. The outlet of the habitat pond link is connected to the inlet of an outlet channel via a side passage. The outlet of the outlet channel is connected to the main channel. An ecological grid zone is set between the main channel and the floodplain. Both the inlet and outlet channels pass through the ecological grid zone.

[0007] The biological habitat pond is divided into deep water and shallow water areas. The banks of the biological habitat pond are equipped with landscape stone revetments and emergent plant belts. The landscape stone revetments are paved with landscape stones.

[0008] The width of the emergent plant zone is 1-3m, and the emergent plants in the emergent plant zone are canna lilies, cattails, or thaliana.

[0009] The side passage contains multiple deep pool areas and shallow beach areas. The side passage is arranged in a serpentine pattern on the floodplain, and the cross-section of the side passage is trapezoidal or compound.

[0010] The slope ratio of the side passage is less than 1:2, and the bottom and sides of the side passage are paved with pebbles.

[0011] The ecological grid zone includes multiple ecological grids, each of which includes a base plate, a water-facing wall, and a backwater wall. The two ends and the top of the ecological grid are open structures, and the ends of adjacent ecological grids are connected. Fish inlet holes are provided on the water-facing wall, and reverse filter drainage holes are provided on the backwater wall. Reverse filter geotextile is installed between the backwater wall of the ecological grid and the floodplain soil.

[0012] The diameter of the reverse filter drainage holes is 0.05~0.1m, and the spacing between rows is 0.3~0.5m; the unit area mass of the reverse filter geotextile is 300g / m². 2 ~400g / m 2 .

[0013] The ecological frame is filled with stones, and a planting trough is set on the top of the ecological frame, in which emergent plants are planted.

[0014] The inlet end of the water inlet channel is connected to the outlet end of the sedimentation tank, the inlet end of the sedimentation tank is connected to the main river channel, and a gate is installed at the inlet end of the water inlet channel.

[0015] A method for constructing a floodplain biological habitat system, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Install the ecological framework; Step 2: Transform the sand mining pits and abandoned ponds on the floodplain into biological habitats; Step 3: Construct side passages to connect the habitat ponds and form an ecological link between them. Step 4: Construct water inlet and outlet channels; Step 5: Install a gate at the inlet end of the water inlet channel and keep the gate closed; Step 6: Construct a sedimentation tank; Step 7: Construct side passages to connect the ecological chain of the biological habitat pond with the inlet and outlet channels respectively; Step 8: Open the sluice gate to allow the water in the main channel to enter the biological habitat pond ecological link, and then output it to the main channel through the outlet channel.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] 1. The biological habitat pond is an ecological transformation of existing sand pits and abandoned ponds, which fully preserves and utilizes the floodplain landform, avoids large-scale excavation and filling, minimizes disturbance to the surrounding environment, and saves on project investment.

[0018] 2. The biological habitat ponds are connected by side passages to form an ecological link between the biological habitat ponds and the main river channel, providing diverse habitats for fish and large benthic animals.

[0019] 3. The ecological grid is a concrete structure filled with large-diameter stones. The water-facing wall is equipped with fish inlets, which provides a resting and refuge area for fish and other organisms while ensuring the stability of the riverbank. The upper part of the ecological grid is equipped with planting troughs for emergent plants and other plants, which enriches the river landscape.

[0020] 4. The inlet end of the water intake channel is connected to the outlet end of the sedimentation tank, and the inlet end of the sedimentation tank is connected to the main river channel. The sedimentation tank reduces the impact of sediment on the internal habitat of organisms. The inlet end of the water intake channel is equipped with a gate, which can regulate the amount of water entering the floodplain according to the river flow rate. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a biological habitat pond;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the side passage;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the side passage;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the ecological framework;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the water inlet pipe.

[0027] In the diagram: 1-Floodplain; 101-Inlet channel; 102-Side channel; 103-Animal habitat pond; 104-Outlet channel; 111-Sedimentation pond; 112-Gate; 121-Deep pool area; 122-Shallow area; 123-Pebble; 131-Deep water area; 132-Shallow water area; 133-Landscape rock revetment; 134-Emerald vegetation belt; 2-Main river channel; 3-Ecological frame; 301-Rock; 302-Bottom slab; 303-Water-facing wall; 304-Water-returning wall; 305-Reverse filter geotextile; 306-Planting trough; 331-Fish inlet hole; 341-Reverse filter drainage hole. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To facilitate understanding and implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to implementation examples. It should be understood that the implementation examples described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a floodplain habitat system includes a floodplain 1, on which multiple habitat ponds 103 are distributed. The various habitat ponds 103 are connected in series via side passages 102. The different habitat ponds 103 are connected in series via side passages 102 to form a habitat pond ecological link. The water inlet of the habitat pond ecological link is connected to the water outlet of the water inlet channel 101 via the side passage 102. The water inlet of the water inlet channel 101 is connected to the main river channel 2. The water outlet of the habitat pond link is connected to the water inlet of the water outlet channel 104 via the side passage 102. The water outlet of the water outlet channel 104 is connected to the main river channel 2. During the dry season, the river water in the main channel 2 enters the side channel 102 connected to the inlet channel 101 from the inlet channel 101, then flows through the biological habitat pond ecological link, the side channel 102 connected to the outlet channel 104, and finally flows into the main channel 2, forming a water circulation and ensuring the water supply of the biological habitat pond ecological link.

[0031] Furthermore, both the inlet channel 101 and the outlet channel 104 pass through the ecological grid zone. The inlet end of the inlet channel 101 is located upstream of the outlet end of the outlet channel 104. Setting the inlet end of the inlet channel 101 upstream makes it easier for the water flow of the main river channel 2 to enter through the inlet channel 101.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the biological habitat pond 103 is an ecological transformation of an existing sand mining pit and abandoned pond. The biological habitat pond 103 can be constructed with a deep water area 131 and a shallow water area 132 according to the actual conditions of the existing sand mining pit or abandoned pond to meet the water depth requirements of different fish species. The edge of the biological habitat pond 103 is equipped with a landscape stone revetment 133 and an emergent plant belt 134. The landscape stone revetment 133 is paved with landscape stones with a particle size of 0.5m to 1.5m, which are dry-laid and arranged in a staggered manner. The width of the emergent plant belt 134 is 1m to 3m, and the emergent plants in the emergent plant belt 134 are selected from canna lilies, cattails, or thaliana, etc.

[0033] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the side passage 102 is an artificially excavated connecting channel. Its main function is to connect the biological habitat ponds 103 to form a biological habitat ecological link, and to connect the biological habitat ecological link with the main river channel 2, ensuring that water from the main river channel 2 can enter the biological habitat ecological link during the dry season, while providing a migration passage and habitat environment for fish. The plan shape of the side passage 102 imitates the shape of a natural river channel. The side passage 102 is set in a serpentine shape on the floodplain 1. The cross-sectional shape of the side passage 102 is a trapezoidal or compound cross-section. The slope ratio of the side passage 102 is less than 1:2. Multiple deep pool areas 121 and shallow shoal areas 122 are set within the side passage 102.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the longitudinal slope of the side passage 102 is a gentle slope, and the bottom and sides of the side passage 102 are paved with pebbles 123, the particle size of which should be 5-10cm.

[0035] To ensure the stability of the floodplain slope and to provide diverse resting spaces for fish in the river, multiple ecological frames 3 for fish to inhabit are set up between the main river channel 2 and the floodplain 1.

[0036] like Figure 5 As shown, the ecological grid 3 is a cast-in-place concrete cavity structure with a rectangular cross-section. Its base slab 302, water-facing wall 303, and backwater wall 304 are all precast reinforced concrete structures. The two ends and top of the ecological grid 3 are open structures, and the ends of adjacent ecological grids 3 are connected to form an ecological grid strip. The water-facing wall 303 faces the main river channel 2 and is equipped with a fish inlet 331. The backwater wall 304 is equipped with a reverse filter drainage hole 341, with a hole diameter of 0.05~0.1m and a spacing of 0.3~0.5m. A planting trough 306 is set on the top of the ecological grid 3, and emergent plants are planted in the planting trough 306. A reverse filter geotextile 305 is installed between the backwater wall 304 of the ecological grid 3 and the floodplain soil. The unit area mass of the reverse filter geotextile 305 is 300g / m². 2 ~400g / m 2 .

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, the internal cavity of the ecological grid 3 is filled with boulders 301, with a particle size of 0.2m or larger. Small fish and other organisms enter the interior of the ecological grid 3 through the fish inlet 331. The pores between the boulders 301 provide diverse habitats for fish and other organisms. At the same time, due to the installation of the reverse filter drainage holes 341 and the reverse filter geotextile 305, in the event of heavy rain, the water that seeps into the floodplain slope will pass through the reverse filter geotextile 305 and the reverse filter drainage holes 341 into the ecological grid 3, and then flow into the main river channel 2. This not only drains water but also prevents soil erosion from the floodplain slope, ensuring the stability of the floodplain slope.

[0038] like Figure 6 As shown, the inlet end of the water inlet channel 101 is connected to the outlet end of the sedimentation tank 111. The inlet end of the sedimentation tank 111 is connected to the main river channel 2. The sedimentation tank has a depth of 0.5m. The sedimentation tank 111 is used to settle the sediment in the water. The inlet end of the water inlet channel 101 is equipped with a gate 112, which is used to control the water flow into the side channel 102.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] A method for constructing a floodplain biological habitat system, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Install the ecological frame 3; Step 2: Transform the sand pits and abandoned ponds on the floodplain 1 into biological habitat ponds 103, or excavate new biological habitat ponds 103; Step 3: Construct a side passage 102 to connect the biological habitat ponds 103 and form an ecological link for the biological habitat ponds; Step 4: Construct water inlet channel 101 and water outlet channel 104; Step 5: Install gate 112 at the inlet end of water inlet channel 101 and keep gate 112 in the closed state; Step 6: Construct sedimentation tank 111; Step 7: Construct a side passage 102 to connect the ecological link of the biological habitat pond with the inlet passage 101 and the outlet passage 104 respectively; Step 8: Open gate 112 to allow water from the main channel 2 to flow into the biological habitat pond ecological link and be discharged to the main channel 2 through outlet channel 104.

[0041] This invention transforms former river floodplain sand pits and abandoned ponds into biological habitats through ecological transformation. These habitats are connected by side channels to form an ecological link, which is also connected to the main river channel. This provides diverse habitats for fish and large benthic animals. During the dry season, fish and other organisms can enter the side channels and other biological habitat units through the water flow.

[0042] It should be noted that the embodiments described in this invention are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A floodplain habitat system, comprising a floodplain (1), characterized in that, Multiple biological habitat ponds (103) are set up on the floodplain (1). Each biological habitat pond (103) is connected in series through a side passage (102) to form a biological habitat ecological link. The water inlet of the biological habitat ecological link is connected to the water outlet of the water inlet channel (101) through the side passage (102). The water inlet of the water inlet channel (101) is connected to the main river channel (2). The water outlet of the biological habitat link is connected to the water inlet of the water outlet channel (104) through the side passage (102). The water outlet of the water outlet channel (104) is connected to the main river channel (2). An ecological grid zone is set between the main river channel (2) and the floodplain (1). Both the water inlet channel (101) and the water outlet channel (104) pass through the ecological grid zone.

2. The floodplain habitat system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biological habitat pond (103) is provided with a deep water area (131) and a shallow water area (132). The banks of the biological habitat pond (103) are provided with a landscape stone revetment (133) and an emergent plant belt (134). The landscape stone revetment (133) is paved with landscape stones.

3. A floodplain habitat system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The width of the emergent plant zone (134) is 1~3m, and the emergent plants in the emergent plant zone (134) are canna lilies, cattails, or tamarisk.

4. A floodplain habitat system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side passage (102) is provided with multiple deep pool areas (121) and shallow beach areas (122). The side passage (102) is set in a serpentine shape on the floodplain (1). The cross section of the side passage (102) is a trapezoidal cross section or a compound cross section.

5. A floodplain habitat system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The slope ratio of the side passage (102) is less than 1:2, and the bottom and sides of the side passage (102) are paved with pebbles (123).

6. A floodplain habitat system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological grid belt includes multiple ecological grid bodies (3). Each ecological grid body (3) includes a base plate (302), a water-facing wall (303), and a backwater wall (304). The two ends and the top of the ecological grid body (3) are open structures, and the ends of adjacent ecological grid bodies (3) are connected. A fish inlet hole (331) is provided on the water-facing wall (303), and a reverse filter drainage hole (341) is provided on the backwater wall (304). A reverse filter geotextile (305) is provided between the backwater wall (304) of the ecological grid body (3) and the floodplain soil.

7. A floodplain habitat system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The diameter of the reverse filter drainage holes (341) is 0.05~0.1m, and the spacing between them is 0.3~0.5m; the unit area mass of the reverse filter geotextile (305) is 300g / m². 2 ~400g / m 2 .

8. A floodplain habitat system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ecological frame (3) is filled with boulders (301), and a planting trough (306) is set on the top of the ecological frame (3), in which emergent plants are planted.

9. A floodplain habitat system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The inlet end of the water inlet channel (101) is connected to the outlet end of the sedimentation tank (111), the inlet end of the sedimentation tank (111) is connected to the main river channel (2), and a gate (112) is provided at the inlet end of the water inlet channel (101).

10. A method for constructing a floodplain biological habitat system, characterized in that, Constructing the floodplain habitat system as described in claim 9 includes the following steps: Step 1: Install the ecological framework (3); Step 2: Transform the sand pits and abandoned ponds on the floodplain (1) into biological habitat ponds (103). Step 3: Construct a side passage (102) to connect the biological habitat ponds (103) and form an ecological link for the biological habitat ponds; Step 4: Construct the water inlet channel (101) and the water outlet channel (104). Step 5: Install a gate (112) at the inlet end of the water inlet channel (101) and keep the gate (112) in the closed state; Step 6: Construct a sedimentation tank (111); Step 7: Construct a side passage (102) to connect the ecological link of the biological habitat pond with the inlet passage (101) and the outlet passage (104) respectively; Step 8: Open the gate (112) to allow the water in the main channel (2) to enter the biological habitat pond ecological link and be discharged to the main channel (2) through the outlet channel (104).

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