Foundation correction unit and monitoring correction device for shield tunnel segment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of shield tunnel reinforcement, and particularly discloses a foundation correction unit and a monitoring correction device for shield tunnel segments. The basic correction unit is composed of a duct piece support and a sliding rail base and is fixed to the surface of a duct piece in a lossless mode through a vacuum suction cup. The monitoring and correcting device is formed by connecting a plurality of annular correcting units and / or longitudinal correcting units, and the annular / longitudinal correcting units are formed by connecting basic correcting units and bidirectional force application rods and are integrated with monitoring sensors. The monitoring and correcting device is also provided with an automatic control system which comprises a data acquisition module and a servo module, the data acquisition module acquires monitoring data of the displacement sensor, the angle sensor and the vacuum gauge in real time, the servo module resolves the monitoring data in real time and generates a control instruction, and the suction force of the suction cup and the tension and compression load of the hydraulic oil cylinder are dynamically adjusted. And active correction of duct piece deformation and structural stability control are achieved. The tunnel deformation development can be effectively inhibited while the structural integrity of the duct piece is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shield tunnel engineering reinforcement technology, specifically to a real-time monitoring and correction device and system for shield tunnel segments. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of urban rail transit, shield tunnels generally face structural defects such as segment misalignment, ellipticity variation, and joint leakage during long-term operation.

[0003] Traditional methods for longitudinally tensioning and reinforcing tunnel segments in shield tunnels typically employ either channel steel tensioning or wire rope tensioning. Channel steel tensioning suffers from high temperatures during welding and cutting of the channel steel and the segments, easily damaging the segments, and is unsuitable for use in damp, waterlogged environments. This technique only restricts segment movement, unable to actively tighten the segments, leading to loose segment connections, water seepage, and inconvenient disassembly of the channel steel after construction, resulting in near-disposable use and resource waste. Channel steel tensioning requires high channel steel rigidity, necessitates simultaneous tensioning after multiple rings of segments are assembled, and cannot apply pre-tensioning force after tensioning, resulting in poor tensioning effectiveness. While wire rope tensioning allows for pre-tensioning, it cannot apply the pre-tensioning force precisely, and the rope's stability with the anchorage section is poor, posing safety risks such as breakage or collapse.

[0004] Traditional transverse reinforcement techniques for shield tunnels often rely on grouting or steel ring supports. These methods frequently require drilling and anchoring or welding during construction, which not only compromises the integrity of the tunnel lining's waterproof layer but also easily leads to stress concentration and secondary damage. The patent application CN114718605 A, titled "Ultra-high performance concrete-steel arch composite structure and method for reinforcing shield tunnel lining structures," can increase the strength and stiffness of tunnel lining structures and effectively control cracks. However, during installation, the inner surface of the tunnel segments needs roughening, and holes need to be drilled on the inner arc surface for rebar insertion and chemical anchoring, affecting the integrity of the tunnel segments. Furthermore, the ultra-high performance concrete requires 28 days of curing at normal temperature and pressure, which cannot provide timely reinforcement to the tunnel segments.

[0005] Furthermore, current traditional shield tunnel reinforcement methods mostly employ static mechanical support structures, which lack both real-time monitoring capabilities for segment deformation and the ability to implement precise corrections based on dynamic tunnel deformation. Tunnel deformation monitoring largely relies on manual inspections, resulting in long data collection cycles and a lag between defect identification and corrective measures, leading to the continued deterioration of defects such as segment misalignment, joint opening, and ellipticity deviation. When monitoring detects excessive ellipticity or joint misalignment, traditional hydraulic jacking devices often suffer from insufficient correction or overload damage due to their inability to precisely adjust the applied force angle and magnitude. More seriously, conventional hydraulic jacking systems can only provide unidirectional passive loads; when the tunnel undergoes non-uniform deformation, the resulting stress imbalance can easily cause localized segment breakage, severely threatening tunnel safety. The patent application CN 117167057 A, entitled "A Shield Tunnel Reinforcement Unit, Reinforcement Device, and Reinforcement Method", can temporarily or permanently reinforce operating shield tunnels with excessive convergence deformation inside the tunnel, and has the function of actively repairing tunnel deformation. However, the device itself needs to be transported to the designated area by subway track, which limits its applicability to subway tunnels without track bed. At the same time, it cannot monitor tunnel deformation in real time, and the top support mechanism cannot adjust the load value according to the deformation, which can easily damage the tunnel segments.

[0006] While some attempts at intelligent reinforcement have emerged in recent years, they remain limited to single-function optimization and have not yet formed a complete technical system covering non-destructive anchoring, three-dimensional reinforcement, and closed-loop control. The industry urgently needs to overcome key technical bottlenecks such as structural damage control, dynamic load matching, and adaptability to confined spaces, and develop comprehensive solutions that combine safety and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing technology, the primary objective of this invention is to provide a basic correction unit for shield tunnel segments; another objective of this invention is to provide a monitoring and correction device for shield tunnel segments that can provide sufficient tension, is easy and quick to install, can dynamically adjust the tension, and at the same time protects the structural integrity of the shield tunnel segments.

[0008] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] A basic correction unit for shield tunnel segments is characterized by comprising a segment support and a slide rail base. The segment support includes a vacuum suction cup, a ribbed arc plate, and a guide rail. The vacuum suction cup is fixed to the outer surface of the ribbed arc plate, and the guide rail is fixed to the inner surface of the ribbed arc plate. The bottom of the slide rail base is provided with a guide rail groove that matches the guide rail, and the side of the slide rail base is provided with four cross-shaped ear plates.

[0010] Furthermore, the ribbed arc plate is provided with a spring locking element, which is used to limit the movement of the slide rail base.

[0011] Furthermore, the slide rail base is provided with a through hole extending from the top to the bottom, and the guide rail is provided with a screw hole, through which bolts are fastened to the screw hole of the guide rail.

[0012] Preferably, the inner side of the ribbed arc plate is provided with a loading and unloading handle.

[0013] Furthermore, the tube support is equipped with a vacuum gauge for monitoring the vacuum level of the vacuum suction cup.

[0014] A monitoring and correction device for shield tunnel segments is characterized in that it includes at least two basic correction units, which are connected by bidirectional force-applying rods. The two ends of the bidirectional force-applying rods are hinged to the ear plates of adjacent basic correction units to form a circumferential correction unit or a longitudinal correction unit. When the longitudinal correction unit and the circumferential correction unit share the same basic correction unit, they can be cross-connected.

[0015] Preferably, the mechanism for applying tensile and compressive loads on the bidirectional force-applying rod is a hydraulic cylinder. Hydraulic cylinders can provide a wider range of tensile and compressive loads, making them suitable for more complex and harsher construction environments. Alternatively, the mechanism for applying tensile and compressive loads on the bidirectional force-applying rod can be an electric drive mechanism such as a servo electric cylinder, which can apply more precise loads or displacements.

[0016] Furthermore, the bidirectional force-applying rod is equipped with a displacement sensor and an angle sensor.

[0017] The installation method for monitoring and correction devices used in shield tunnel segments is generally as follows: Each basic correction unit avoids locations such as manholes, grouting holes, and hoisting holes on the segments and is non-destructively fixed to the surface of the segments using vacuum suction cups; longitudinal correction units are connected in series along the tunnel's longitudinal direction, with no limit on the number of units, and the unit spacing is generally the width of the shield tunnel segment. Each longitudinal correction unit is installed across the joint and perpendicular to the segment's circumferential joint; circumferential correction units are connected circumferentially on the tunnel segment rings, and whether they are connected end-to-end can be selected according to the actual tunnel conditions. The number of units "n ≥ the number of segments in a single ring" is used for circumferential correction. When the number of positive units is equal to the number of longitudinal joints, all units should be installed across the joints and kept perpendicular to the longitudinal joints of the tunnel segments. When the units are arranged in a full ring, the included angle between the bidirectional force rods of adjacent units should be controlled at (n-2)×180°±1° on the ring plane. If the units are not fully connected due to avoiding other existing structures in the tunnel (such as the track bed), the conflicting circumferential correction units can be cancelled at the same time as the full ring arrangement. For different monitoring and correction purposes, it is possible to choose to arrange only longitudinal correction units, only circumferential correction units, or both longitudinal and circumferential correction units.

[0018] In the installation method of the circumferential correction unit, the number of circumferential correction units is consistent with the number of longitudinal bolt pairs on a segment ring (for example, the number of longitudinal bolt pairs on a single ring of a shield tunnel with an outer diameter of 6m is generally 10, so the number of circumferential correction units n=10). At this time, the installation position of the foundation correction unit is located at the position of the longitudinal bolt pair.

[0019] Furthermore, the monitoring and correction device for shield tunnel segments also includes an automatic control system. The automatic control system includes a data acquisition module and a servo module. The data acquisition module can collect monitoring data from various displacement sensors and angle sensors in real time, and can also collect monitoring data from a vacuum gauge in real time. The servo module calculates the monitoring data in real time and generates control commands to dynamically adjust the tension and compression loads of each hydraulic cylinder. The automatic control system enables the monitoring and correction device of the present invention to simultaneously have the function of routine health monitoring of shield tunnel sections and the function of automatic control and correction when necessary.

[0020] Furthermore, the automatic control system executes the following process:

[0021] (a) Data acquisition:

[0022] The telescopic displacement ΔL and spatial tilt angle α / β of each bidirectional force-applying rod are collected in real time. The telescopic displacement ΔL is provided by the displacement sensor (201), and the spatial tilt angle α / β is provided by the angle sensor (202).

[0023] (b) Coordinate calculation:

[0024] Based on the spatial relationship of the completed network device, the coordinates of adjacent basic correction units are recursively deduced;

[0025] (c) Deformation calculation:

[0026] The deformation is calculated based on the coordinates of each basic correction unit and the expansion and contraction displacement ΔL and spatial tilt angle α / β of each bidirectional force bar, including the calculation of the segment joint width and the segment ellipticity.

[0027] (d) Threshold-triggered control:

[0028] When the deformation exceeds the corresponding threshold, adjust the hydraulic cylinder load of the corresponding bidirectional force-applying rod;

[0029] (e) Effect verification:

[0030] Immediately after correction, remeasure the deformation until the deformation is less than the corresponding threshold.

[0031] Specifically, the automatic control system executes the following process:

[0032] The arrangement of the monitoring and correction device shall be selected according to the specific conditions of the tunnel segments. The arrangement methods include:

[0033] (1) Arranged only in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel;

[0034] (2) It is arranged only in the circumferential direction of the tunnel and is connected end to end;

[0035] (3) It is arranged only in the circumferential direction of the tunnel and is not connected at the beginning and end;

[0036] (4) The arrangement combines longitudinal and circumferential directions, with the circumferential directions connected end to end;

[0037] (5) The arrangement combines longitudinal and circumferential directions, and the beginning and end of the circumferential direction are not connected;

[0038] When the monitoring and correction device is arranged in the manner of (1),

[0039] (a) Data acquisition:

[0040] The telescopic displacement ΔL and spatial tilt angle α / β of each bidirectional force-applying rod are collected in real time. The telescopic displacement ΔL is provided by a displacement sensor, and the spatial tilt angle α / β is provided by an angle sensor. The selection of the coordinate system and the definition of the spatial tilt angle are as follows:

[0041] Global coordinate system: with the tunnel axis as the Z-axis and the normal plane of the segment ring where the origin is located as the XY plane;

[0042] Local coordinate system: The Y-axis of the local coordinate system of a single tube segment is perpendicular to the inner surface of the tube segment and points to the center of the circle, and the X-axis is along the circumferential tangential direction;

[0043] Spatial tilt angle reference: The horizontal tilt angle α of the bidirectional force-applying rod is the angle between the projection of the bidirectional force-applying rod on the XY plane and the X-axis, and the vertical tilt angle β is the angle between the bidirectional force-applying rod and the XY plane;

[0044] (b) Coordinate calculation:

[0045] Assume that all deformations originate from the extension and retraction displacements of the hydraulic cylinders in the bidirectional force-applying rod;

[0046] Based on the spatial relationship of the completed network device, the coordinates of adjacent basic correction units are recursively deduced:

[0047] Let the origin (0,0,0) be the bottom center point of a certain basic correction unit, and let the distance between the bottom geometric center points of basic correction units i→j be L. ij The coordinates of point i are (x i ,y i ,z i If the coordinates of point j are:

[0048] (x j ,y j ,z j )=(x i +L ij cosβcosα,y i +Lij cosβsinα,z i +L ij sinβ)

[0049] After the change, assuming the origin (0,0,0) remains unchanged, the distance between the bottom geometric center points of the basic correction unit i→j is L′. ij =L ij +ΔL, then the coordinates of point j are:

[0050] (x′ j ,y′ j ,z′ j )=(x′ j +L′ ij cosβcosα,y′ j +L′ ij cosβsinα,z′ j +L′ ij sinβ)

[0051] (c) Deformation calculation:

[0052] Calculation of circumferential joint width: Let the initial value of the joint width of the foundation correction units m and n on both sides of the segment joint be s. mn The initial coordinates are (x) m ,y m ,z m ), (x n ,y n ,z n In this measurement, the coordinates of m and n are (x') m ,y' m ,z' m ), (x' n ,y' n ,z' n );

[0053] The initial distance between m and n along the Z-axis is Z. mn =|z m -z n The distance after this change is Z'. mn =|z' m -z' n At this point, the seam width is s' mn =s mn +Z' mn -Z mn ;

[0054] When Z' mn >Z mn At that time, the slit opens;

[0055] When Z' mn <Zmn At that time, the circumferential seam shrinks;

[0056] (d) Threshold-triggered control:

[0057] When the circumferential joint corresponding to any longitudinal correction unit opens and s exceeds the joint width threshold, the hydraulic cylinder load of the bidirectional force bar of the corresponding longitudinal correction unit is adjusted.

[0058] (e) Effect verification:

[0059] Immediately after correction, remeasure the deformation until s is less than the joint width threshold.

[0060] When the monitoring and correction device is arranged in (2),

[0061] (a) Data acquisition:

[0062] Same arrangement method (1);

[0063] (b) Coordinate calculation:

[0064] Same arrangement method (1);

[0065] (c) Deformation calculation:

[0066] Calculation of longitudinal joint width: Let the initial joint value of the foundation correction units m and n on both sides of the segment joint be s. mn The initial coordinates are (x) m ,y m ,z m ), (x n ,y n ,z n In this measurement, the coordinates of m and n are (x') m ,y' m ,z' m ), (x' n ,y' n ,z' n );

[0067] Then the initial distance between m and n in the XY plane is The distance after this change is At this time, the expansion / contraction of the joint width is Δs. mn =(XY)' mn -(XY) mn The seam width is s' mn =s mn +Δs mn ;

[0068] When (XY)' mn >(XY) mn At that time, the longitudinal seam opened;

[0069] When (XY)' mn <(XY) mn At that time, the longitudinal seam shrinks;

[0070] Ellipticity calculation: Based on the coordinates of all basic correction units in the Kth ring (Z-axis data is discarded), the maximum / minimum eigenvalues ​​λ1 and λ2 of the covariance matrix C are solved using the eigenvalue decomposition method, and then the ellipticity of the Kth ring segment is obtained.

[0071] Covariance matrix in deformation calculation steps in x' i y' i The coordinates after centralization The mean of the coordinates;

[0072] eigenvalues ​​of covariance matrix C Take the square of the semi-major axis of the elliptical tunnel, a 2 =λ1, the square of the minor semi-axis b 2 =λ2;

[0073] (d) Threshold-triggered control:

[0074] When the ellipticity change ΔT of a certain ring circumferential correction unit exceeds the ellipticity change threshold or the longitudinal joint width expansion Δs at any point exceeds the corresponding joint width expansion threshold, the bidirectional force bar at the corresponding segment ring or the corresponding circumferential correction unit shall be subjected to tension and compression correction.

[0075] (e) Effect verification:

[0076] Immediately after correction, remeasure the deformation until T is less than the ellipticity threshold and s is less than the joint width threshold.

[0077] When the monitoring and correction device is arranged in (3),

[0078] (a) Data acquisition:

[0079] Same layout method (1);

[0080] (b) Coordinate calculation:

[0081] Same arrangement method (1);

[0082] (c) Deformation calculation:

[0083] Calculation of longitudinal joint width: same as layout method (2);

[0084] Ellipticity calculation: Discarding Z-axis data, first use the two foundation correction units on both sides of the arch waist of the Kth ring tunnel as horizontal axes of symmetry. Then, use the symmetry relationship to supplement the missing foundation correction unit coordinates at the arch crown with the coordinates of the foundation correction units at the arch base. At this point, combining the coordinates of all foundation correction units in the Kth ring, solve for the maximum / minimum eigenvalues ​​λ1 and λ2 of the covariance matrix C using the eigenvalue decomposition method, and then obtain the ellipticity of the Kth ring segment.

[0085] The calculation of C, λ1, and λ2 is the same as that of arrangement (2);

[0086] (d) Threshold-triggered control:

[0087] Same arrangement method (2);

[0088] (e) Effect verification:

[0089] Same arrangement method (2);

[0090] When the monitoring and correction device is arranged in (4),

[0091] (a) Data acquisition:

[0092] Same arrangement method (1);

[0093] (b) Coordinate calculation:

[0094] Same arrangement method (1);

[0095] (c) Deformation calculation:

[0096] Calculation of circumferential joint width: Same as arrangement method (1);

[0097] Calculation of longitudinal joint width: same as layout method (2);

[0098] Ellipticity calculation: Same as arrangement method (2);

[0099] (d) Threshold-triggered control:

[0100] When the circumferential joint corresponding to any longitudinal correction unit opens and s exceeds the joint width threshold, the hydraulic cylinder load of the bidirectional force bar of the corresponding longitudinal correction unit is adjusted.

[0101] When the ellipticity change ΔT of a certain ring circumferential correction unit exceeds the ellipticity change threshold or the longitudinal joint width expansion Δs at any point exceeds the corresponding joint width expansion threshold, the bidirectional force bar at the corresponding segment ring or the corresponding circumferential correction unit shall be subjected to tension and compression correction.

[0102] (e) Effect verification:

[0103] Same arrangement method (2);

[0104] When the monitoring and correction device is arranged in (5),

[0105] (a) Data acquisition:

[0106] Same arrangement method (1);

[0107] (b) Coordinate calculation:

[0108] Same arrangement method (1);

[0109] (c) Deformation calculation:

[0110] Calculation of circumferential joint width: Same as arrangement method (1);

[0111] Calculation of longitudinal joint width: same as layout method (2);

[0112] Ellipticity calculation: same as arrangement method (3);

[0113] (d) Threshold-triggered control:

[0114] Same arrangement method (4);

[0115] (e) Effect verification:

[0116] Same as arrangement method (2).

[0117] The ellipticity calculation part of the automatic control system process can also be calculated by fitting the elliptic equation using the least squares method, and then solving for the ellipticity of each loop.

[0118] The automatic control system can also be equipped with a monitoring and control platform, on which all calculated monitoring data can be presented in visual charts. The monitoring data from the platform can also be used for manual control and correction of tunnel segments.

[0119] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical advantages:

[0120] 1. This invention addresses the reinforcement needs of shield tunnels by designing a modular mesh correction device, which can effectively reinforce the structure and actively correct tunnel deformation, significantly improving the safety of tunnel operation.

[0121] 2. The support assembly of the present invention uses a vacuum suction cup, which can be installed at any position on the surface of the shield tunnel segment without damaging the shield tunnel segment structure, thus effectively protecting the integrity of the segment structure.

[0122] 3. The support assembly of the present invention is equipped with a slide rail structure. When a single vacuum suction cup is damaged and needs to be replaced, the single vacuum suction cup can be slid out through the slide rail for quick replacement while keeping the overall mesh reinforcement device unchanged, which greatly improves the maintenance efficiency of the present invention.

[0123] 4. This invention arranges several support assemblies on the shield tunnel segments in the circumferential and longitudinal directions and connects them with bidirectional force-applying rods. The installation requirements of this invention for shield tunnels of different sizes can be met by changing the number of support assemblies and the length of the bidirectional force-applying rods, thereby improving the adaptability of this invention.

[0124] 5. The bidirectional force-applying rod of the present invention is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder, which can apply bidirectional pushing and pulling force. When the shield tunnel deforms, the present invention can provide an active load to correct the deformation of the shield tunnel.

[0125] 6. This invention is equipped with a multi-parameter monitoring device to monitor data such as air pressure of the vacuum suction cup, displacement and angle between segments in real time, and convert them into visual data of suction force of the vacuum suction cup and joint and ellipticity of the segments, so as to efficiently monitor the real-time status of the shield tunnel.

[0126] 7. The present invention is equipped with an automatic control system, wherein the servo module can actively adjust the vacuum suction cup and hydraulic cylinder based on the data provided by the data acquisition module, thereby improving the reliability of the support assembly installation and actively correcting and reinforcing the shield tunnel to ensure the overall safety of the shield tunnel.

[0127] 8. The present invention adopts a modular design. If there are existing structures such as track bed, ventilation facilities, and pipeline facilities in the shield tunnel, the remaining part of the shield tunnel can be reinforced by selecting different sizes and numbers of segment supports and bidirectional force rods, thus realizing the reinforcement of shield tunnels under different conditions.

[0128] 9. The various modules and components of the device of the present invention can be prefabricated in the factory and installed on site. The modular design enables rapid assembly and disassembly with fewer personnel in a confined space, reducing on-site construction difficulty and manpower requirements.

[0129] 10. The mesh reinforcement structure used in this invention has both high storage efficiency and reusability, which significantly reduces engineering costs and improves resource utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0130] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the basic correction unit and monitoring correction device for shield tunnel segments of the present invention;

[0131] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the basic correction unit of the present invention;

[0132] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the segment support of the present invention;

[0133] Figure 4 This is a detailed structural diagram of the spring locking component of the present invention;

[0134] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the slide rail base of the present invention;

[0135] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the basic correction unit of the present invention.

[0136] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the bidirectional force-applying rod of the present invention;

[0137] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the circumferential correction unit of the present invention;

[0138] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the longitudinal correction unit of the present invention;

[0139] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the positioning, installation, and spatial relationship of the circumferential correction unit and the longitudinal correction unit of the present invention;

[0140] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the automatic control system of the basic correction unit and monitoring correction device for shield tunnel segments of the present invention.

[0141] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the entire embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0142] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the entire embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0143] Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the entire embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0144] Figure 15 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the entire embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0145] The diagram is labeled as follows: 100—Basic correction unit; 1001—Circumferential correction unit; 1002—Longitudinal correction unit; 110—Segment support; 111—Vacuum suction cup; 112—Ribped arc plate; 113—Guide rail; 114—Spring locking element; 115—Loading / unloading handle; 116—Screw hole; 120—Slide rail base; 122—Ear plate; 123—Bolt; 124—Through hole; 125—Guide rail groove; 126—Spring locking element insertion hole; 130—Two-way force bar; 131—Hinge; 132—Hydraulic cylinder; 133—Long steel bar; 201—Displacement sensor; 202—Angle sensor; 203—Vacuum gauge. Detailed Implementation

[0146] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0147] Example 1

[0148] like Figure 1 The diagram shows the basic correction unit 100 and monitoring and correction device for shield tunnel segments according to the present invention. The overall device consists of a network structure formed by connecting several basic correction units 100 in the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the tunnel. Depending on the direction of connection of the basic correction units 100, it can be configured as either a circumferential correction unit 1001 or a longitudinal correction unit 1002. During the installation of the circumferential correction unit 1001, the circumferential correction unit 1001 must be installed in the same ring along the tunnel circumference, ensuring that each circumferential correction unit 1001 is on the same plane and avoids locations such as manholes, grouting holes, and hoisting holes on the segments, thus ensuring a secure fixation on the segment surface. The number of circumferential correction units 1001 in the same ring is 10, consistent with the number of longitudinal bolt pairs on a segment ring. The installation position is located at the longitudinal bolt pair position, and the included angle between the bidirectional force-applying rods of adjacent units is controlled on the ring plane to be (n-2)×180°±1°. The longitudinal correction unit 1002 is installed in series in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The number of units is unlimited, and the unit spacing is generally the width of the shield tunnel segment. Each longitudinal correction unit 1002 is installed across the joint and is perpendicular to the circumferential joint of the segment.

[0149] like Figure 2 As shown, the basic correction unit 100 consists of a segment support 110 and a slide rail base 120. Figure 3 As shown, the segment support 110 is typically composed of a vacuum suction cup 111, a ribbed arc plate 112, a guide rail 113, a loading and unloading handle 115, a spring locking element 114, and a vacuum gauge 203. The ribbed arc plate 112 includes two longitudinal main ribs and three rows of auxiliary ribs. Parallel guide rails are provided on the inner sides of the two main ribs. The overall curved surface adapts to the inner contour of the tunnel segment. A vacuum suction cup 111 is fixed at the bottom. The vacuum suction cup 111 has an annular sealing groove on its surface, with evenly distributed vacuum cavities inside for airtight contact with the curved surface of the tunnel segment. The guide rail 113 is fixed to the ribbed arc plate along the tunnel circumferentially or longitudinally, with a screw hole 116 in its center. The cross-section is T-shaped or I-shaped. Loading and unloading handles 115 are located at the four corners of the inner side of the ribbed arc plate, used to place the tunnel segment support 110 at the desired installation position. Subsequently, negative pressure is extracted from inside the vacuum suction cup 111 to secure the entire tunnel segment support 110 to the tunnel segment surface without damage. A vacuum gauge 203 is located next to the vacuum nozzle to monitor the vacuum level of the vacuum suction cup 111. Figure 4 As shown, the spring locking member 114 is fixed to the inner side wings of the two main ribs of the ribbed arc plate, and its locking tongue is embedded in the guide rail groove, which can realize the quick positioning and unlocking of the slide rail base 120.

[0150] like Figure 5As shown, the slide rail base 120 typically consists of spring locking member insertion holes 124, guide rail grooves 125, through holes 126, ear plates 122, and bolts 123. The slide rail base 120 has four cross-shaped ear plates 122 on its exterior, either welded or integrally formed, for connection with the bidirectional force-applying rod 130. Internally, it has guide rail grooves 125 and through holes 126, and spring locking member insertion holes 124 on both sides of the bottom. The guide rail grooves 125 match the cross-section of the guide rail 113, allowing the slide rail base 120 to move via the guide rail 113 on the segment support 110. The through holes 126 and spring locking member insertion holes 124 are fixed by bolts 123 and spring locking members 114, respectively.

[0151] like Figure 6 As shown, the slide rail base 120 is inserted into the guide rail 113 through the guide rail groove 125 and slides to the midpoint of the guide rail 113. Then, the spring locking member 114 is inserted into the spring locking member insertion hole 124, and the bolt 12 is screwed into the through hole 126 and the screw hole 116 to fix the slide rail base 120 on the segment support 110. This installation method is conducive to rapid installation and disassembly on site, improving construction efficiency. At the same time, if a component in the device is damaged, this installation method can also quickly replace the component while ensuring the overall reinforcement effect of the device, reducing construction risks.

[0152] like Figure 7 As shown, the bidirectional force-applying rod 130 typically consists of a long steel bar 133, a hydraulic cylinder 132, a hinge 131, a displacement sensor 201, and an angle sensor 202. Each bidirectional force-applying rod 130 is composed of two long steel bars 133, but other rigid load-bearing materials can also be used. A hydraulic cylinder 132 is fixed in the middle of the two long steel bars 133, ensuring that all three are on the same straight line. Then, the displacement sensor 201 and the angle sensor 202 are fixed to the two long steel bars 133, positioned parallel to the hydraulic cylinder 132, with a length slightly greater than the hydraulic cylinder 132. The displacement sensor 201 and the angle sensor 202 are integrated into a single component.

[0153] like Figure 8 , 9 As shown, the circumferential correction unit 1001 and the longitudinal correction unit 1002 are composed of bidirectional force-applying rods 130 whose two ends are hinged to the ear plates 122 of adjacent basic correction units 100 for circumferential and longitudinal connection. Figure 10 As shown, the circumferential correction unit 1001 and the longitudinal correction unit 1002 are interconnected and form a coordinate system based on the position of the segment support 110, which serves as a reference system for subsequent calculation and analysis of the automatic control system.

[0154] like Figure 11The diagram shown is a flowchart of the automatic control system of the shield tunnel segment monitoring and correction device of the present invention, which mainly consists of a data acquisition module and a servo module. The data acquisition module and servo module of the automatic control system execute the following feedback adjustment process when correcting tunnel deformation: Based on the aforementioned coordinate reference system, the data acquisition module can collect monitoring data in real time through monitoring devices such as displacement sensor 201, angle sensor 202, and vacuum gauge 203, and send it to the servo module; the servo module calculates the monitoring data in real time and generates control commands to dynamically adjust the adsorption force of the vacuum suction cup 101 and the tensile and compressive load of the hydraulic cylinder 132. The specific steps taken in the feedback adjustment process of the automatic control system can be further represented as follows:

[0155] (a) Data acquisition:

[0156] The telescopic displacement ΔL and spatial tilt angle α / β of each bidirectional force-applying rod are collected in real time. The telescopic displacement ΔL is provided by displacement sensor 201, and the spatial tilt angle α / β is provided by angle sensor 202. The selection of the coordinate system and the definition of the spatial tilt angle are as follows:

[0157] Global coordinate system: with the tunnel axis as the Z-axis and the normal plane of the segment ring where the origin is located as the XY plane;

[0158] Local coordinate system: The Y-axis of the local coordinate system of a single tube segment is perpendicular to the inner surface of the tube segment and points to the center of the circle, and the X-axis is along the circumferential tangential direction;

[0159] Spatial tilt angle reference: The horizontal tilt angle α of the bidirectional force-applying rod is the angle between the projection of the bidirectional force-applying rod on the XY plane and the X-axis, and the vertical tilt angle β is the angle between the bidirectional force-applying rod and the XY plane;

[0160] (b) Coordinate calculation:

[0161] Assume that all deformations originate from the extension and retraction displacements of the hydraulic cylinder (132) in the bidirectional force-applying rod;

[0162] Based on the spatial relationship of the completed network device, the coordinates of adjacent basic correction units are recursively deduced:

[0163] Let the origin (0,0,0) be the bottom center point of a certain basic correction unit, and let the distance between the bottom geometric center points of basic correction units i→j be L. ij The coordinates of point i are (x i ,y i ,z i If the coordinates of point j are:

[0164] (x j ,y j ,z j )=(x i +L ij cosβcosα,y i +Lij cosβsinα,z i +L ij sinβ)

[0165] After the change, the origin (0,0,0) is assumed to remain unchanged. At this time, the distance between the bottom geometric center points of the basic correction unit i→j is L'. ij =L ij +ΔL, then the coordinates of point j are:

[0166] (x′ j ,y′ j ,z′ j )=(x′ j +L′ ij cosβcosα,y′ j +L′ ij cosβsinα,z′ j +L′ ij sinβ)

[0167] (c) Deformation calculation:

[0168] Calculation of circumferential joint width: Let the initial value of the joint width of the foundation correction units m and n on both sides of the segment joint be s. mn The initial coordinates are (x) m ,y m ,z m ), (x n ,y n ,z n In this measurement, the coordinates of m and n are (x') m ,y' m ,z' m ), (x' n ,y' n ,z' n );

[0169] The initial distance between m and n along the Z-axis is Z. mn =|z m -z n The distance after this change is Z'. mn =|z' m -z' n |, at this point the seam width is s' mn =s mn +Z' mn -Z mn ;

[0170] When Z' mn >Z mn At that time, the slit opens;

[0171] When Z' mn <Zmn At that time, the circumferential seam shrinks;

[0172] Calculation of longitudinal joint width: Let the initial joint value of the foundation correction units m and n on both sides of the segment joint be s. mn The initial coordinates are (x) m ,y m ,z m ), (x n ,y n ,z n In this process, the coordinates of m and n are calculated as (x'). m ,y' m ,z' m ), (x' n ,y' n ,z' n );

[0173] Then the initial distance between m and n in the XY plane is The distance after this change is At this time, the expansion / contraction of the joint width is Δs. mn =(XY)′ mn -(XY) mn The seam width is s' mn =s mn +Δs mn ;

[0174] When (XY)' mn >(XY) mn At that time, the longitudinal seam opened;

[0175] When (XY)' mn <(XY) mn At that time, the longitudinal seam shrinks;

[0176] Ellipticity calculation: Based on the coordinates of all basic correction units in the Kth ring (Z-axis data is discarded), the maximum / minimum eigenvalues ​​λ1 and λ2 of the covariance matrix C are solved using the eigenvalue decomposition method, and then the ellipticity of the Kth ring segment is obtained.

[0177] Covariance matrix in deformation calculation steps in x' i y' i The coordinates after centralization The mean of the coordinates;

[0178] eigenvalues ​​of covariance matrix C Take the square of the semi-major axis of the elliptical tunnel, a 2 =λ1, the square of the minor semi-axis b 2 =λ2;

[0179] (d) Threshold-triggered control:

[0180] When the circumferential joint corresponding to any longitudinal correction unit opens and s exceeds the joint width threshold, the hydraulic cylinder load of the bidirectional force bar of the corresponding longitudinal correction unit is adjusted.

[0181] When the ellipticity change ΔT of a certain ring circumferential correction unit exceeds the ellipticity change threshold or the longitudinal joint width expansion Δs at any point exceeds the corresponding joint width expansion threshold, the bidirectional force bar at the corresponding segment ring or the corresponding circumferential correction unit shall be subjected to tension and compression correction.

[0182] (e) Effect verification:

[0183] Immediately after correction, remeasure the deformation until T is less than the ellipticity threshold and s is less than the joint width threshold.

[0184] Example 2

[0185] like Figure 12 As shown, the main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that existing structures such as track beds and pipelines exist within the shield tunnel. It is necessary to avoid these existing structures when reinforcing and correcting the shield tunnel. This can be achieved by reducing the number of circumferential correction units 1001 and longitudinal correction units 1002 in specific areas, thus avoiding existing structures and ensuring the integrity of the tunnel is not disturbed by construction. Simultaneously, the remaining equipment can effectively reinforce and correct the tunnel structure, significantly improving the applicability and engineering adaptability of the equipment in complex existing structural environments. In this case, the specific steps taken by the feedback adjustment process of the automatic control system can be represented as follows:

[0186] (a) Data acquisition:

[0187] Same as in Example 1;

[0188] (b) Coordinate calculation:

[0189] Same as in Example 1;

[0190] (c) Deformation calculation:

[0191] Calculation of circumferential seam width: Same as in Example 1;

[0192] Calculation of longitudinal seam width: Same as in Example 1;

[0193] Ellipticity calculation: Discarding Z-axis data, first use the two foundation correction units on both sides of the arch waist of the Kth ring tunnel as horizontal axes of symmetry. Then, use the symmetry relationship to supplement the missing foundation correction unit coordinates at the arch crown with the coordinates of the foundation correction units at the arch base. At this point, combining the coordinates of all foundation correction units in the Kth ring, solve for the maximum / minimum eigenvalues ​​λ1 and λ2 of the covariance matrix C using the eigenvalue decomposition method, and then obtain the ellipticity of the Kth ring segment.

[0194] The calculation of C, λ1, and λ2 is the same as in Example 1;

[0195] (d) Threshold-triggered control:

[0196] Same as in Example 1;

[0197] (e) Effect verification:

[0198] Same as in Example 1.

[0199] Example 3

[0200] like Figure 13 As shown, the main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that only the longitudinal correction unit 1002 is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. It is primarily applied to tunnel structural problems dominated by longitudinal forces, such as applying significant longitudinal constraint forces to shield tunnel segments, suppressing excessive opening of inter-segment joints, and correcting overall tunnel axis misalignment. By simplifying the device structure and focusing on longitudinal mechanical performance control, this embodiment not only meets specific engineering requirements but also significantly improves construction efficiency, reduces system complexity, and enhances the device's applicability and cost-effectiveness under longitudinally dominated working conditions. In this case, the specific steps taken by the feedback adjustment process of the automatic control system can be represented as follows:

[0201] (a) Data acquisition:

[0202] Same as in Example 1;

[0203] (b) Coordinate calculation:

[0204] Same as in Example 1;

[0205] (c) Deformation calculation:

[0206] Calculation of circumferential seam width: Same as in Example 1;

[0207] (d) Threshold-triggered control:

[0208] When the circumferential joint corresponding to any longitudinal correction unit opens and s exceeds the joint width threshold, the hydraulic cylinder load of the bidirectional force bar of the corresponding longitudinal correction unit is adjusted.

[0209] (e) Effect verification:

[0210] Immediately after correction, remeasure the deformation until s is less than the joint width threshold.

[0211] Example 4

[0212] like Figure 14 As shown, the main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that only the circumferential correction unit 1001 is arranged circumferentially along the tunnel segments. It is mainly applied to shield tunnels requiring correction of tunnel elliptical deformation, control of longitudinal joint opening of segments, or circumferential reinforcement. By focusing on circumferential mechanical properties and simplifying the device configuration, this embodiment specifically addresses the aforementioned needs for tunnel circumferential deformation reinforcement and correction. While optimizing resource allocation, it improves the applicability and overall engineering benefits of this device under such conditions. In this case, the specific steps taken by the feedback adjustment process of the automatic control system can be represented as follows:

[0213] (a) Data acquisition:

[0214] Same as in Example 1;

[0215] (b) Coordinate calculation:

[0216] Same as in Example 1;

[0217] (c) Deformation calculation:

[0218] Calculation of longitudinal seam width: Same as in Example 1;

[0219] Ellipticity calculation: Same as in Example 1;

[0220] (d) Threshold-triggered control:

[0221] When the ellipticity change ΔT of a certain ring circumferential correction unit exceeds the ellipticity change threshold or the longitudinal joint width expansion Δs at any point exceeds the corresponding joint width expansion threshold, the bidirectional force bar at the corresponding segment ring or the corresponding circumferential correction unit shall be subjected to tension and compression correction.

[0222] (e) Effect verification:

[0223] Same as in Example 1.

[0224] Example 5

[0225] like Figure 15As shown, the main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that only a single circumferential correction unit 1001 or longitudinal correction unit 1002 is used as an independent device, acting solely on two adjacent segments associated with a single segment joint (circumferential or longitudinal joint) within the target tunnel section. This embodiment minimizes the scope of action and precisely targets the core area of ​​the defect, making it suitable for complex conditions such as discretely distributed defect points, the need for local reinforcement and correction, or limited space, thus improving the targetedness, flexibility, and micro-disturbance of the construction. When using a single circumferential correction unit 1001, the feedback adjustment process of the automatic control system is the same as in Embodiment 4; when using a single longitudinal correction unit 1002, the feedback adjustment process of the automatic control system is the same as in Embodiment 3.

[0226] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the embodiments of the present invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for helping to understand the principles of the embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A basic correction unit for shield tunnel segments, characterized in that... The system includes a segment support (110) and a slide rail base (120). The segment support (110) includes a vacuum suction cup (111), a ribbed arc plate (112), and a guide rail (113). The vacuum suction cup (111) is fixed to the outer surface of the ribbed arc plate (112), and the guide rail (113) is fixed to the inner surface of the ribbed arc plate (112). The bottom of the slide rail base (120) is provided with a guide rail groove (125) that matches the guide rail (113). The side of the slide rail base (120) is provided with four ear plates (122) in a cross shape.

2. The foundation correction unit for shield tunnel segments according to claim 1, characterized in that... The ribbed arc plate (112) is provided with a spring locking member (114), which is used to limit the slide rail base (120).

3. The foundation correction unit for shield tunnel segments according to claim 2, characterized in that... The slide rail base (120) is provided with a through hole (124) extending from the top to the bottom, and the guide rail (113) is provided with a screw hole (116). The bolt (123) is fastened to the screw hole (116) of the guide rail (113) through the through hole (124).

4. The foundation correction unit for shield tunnel segments according to claim 1, characterized in that... The inner side of the ribbed arc plate (112) is provided with a loading and unloading handle (115).

5. The foundation correction unit for shield tunnel segments according to claim 1, characterized in that... The segment support (110) is equipped with a vacuum gauge (203) for monitoring the vacuum level of the vacuum chuck (111).

6. A monitoring and correction device for shield tunnel segments, characterized in that... Includes the basic correction unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein there are at least two basic correction units, and the basic correction units are connected by a bidirectional force bar (130); the two ends of the bidirectional force bar (130) are hinged to the ear plate (122) of the adjacent basic correction unit to form a circumferential correction unit or a longitudinal correction unit.

7. The monitoring and correction device for shield tunnel segments according to claim 6, characterized in that... A hydraulic cylinder (132) is provided on the bidirectional force-applying rod (130).

8. The monitoring and correction device for shield tunnel segments according to claim 6, characterized in that... The bidirectional force-applying rod (130) is equipped with a displacement sensor (201) and an angle sensor (202).

9. The monitoring and correction device for shield tunnel segments according to claim 8, characterized in that... It also includes an automatic control system, which includes a data acquisition module and a servo module. The data acquisition module can collect the monitoring data of each displacement sensor (201) and angle sensor (202) in real time. The servo module calculates the monitoring data in real time and generates control commands to dynamically adjust the tension and compression loads of each hydraulic cylinder (132).

10. A monitoring and correction device for shield tunnel segments according to claim 9, characterized in that, The automatic control system executes the following process: (a) Data acquisition: The telescopic displacement ΔL and spatial tilt angle α / β of each bidirectional force-applying rod are collected in real time. The telescopic displacement ΔL is provided by the displacement sensor (201), and the spatial tilt angle α / β is provided by the angle sensor (202). (b) Coordinate calculation: Based on the spatial relationship of the completed network device, the coordinates of adjacent basic correction units are recursively deduced; (c) Deformation calculation: The deformation is calculated based on the coordinates of each basic correction unit and the expansion and contraction displacement ΔL and spatial tilt angle α / β of each bidirectional force bar, including the calculation of the segment joint width and the segment ellipticity. (d) Threshold-triggered control: When the deformation exceeds the corresponding threshold, adjust the hydraulic cylinder load of the corresponding bidirectional force-applying rod; (e) Effect verification: Immediately after correction, remeasure the deformation until the deformation is less than the corresponding threshold.

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