Ground source heat pump system optimization scheduling method

Abstract

The invention discloses an optimal scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system, and relates to the technical field of new energy utilization and intelligent control of a heat supply system.The method comprises the steps that the ground source heat pump system is divided into a tail end heat exchange layer, a water pump transmission and distribution layer and a source side heat pump coupling layer on the basis of a heat energy conversion and transmission path; constructing a response coupling relation and a mapping model; operating data of three layers of equipment are collected, a time sequence of each layer is established, a dynamic delay structure matching coefficient is calculated, and a multi-layer linkage response lag risk is identified based on a first threshold value; further monitoring a second derivative of the source side temperature change, calculating a thermal inertia interference index, and judging that the thermal response of the source side is abnormal in combination with a second threshold value; and the water supply flow of each branch is extracted, the target water supply value and the total flow of the system are combined, a flow deviation factor is calculated, flow distribution deviation is recognized according to a third threshold value, accurate strategy generation and intelligent scheduling control based on multi-parameter dynamic characteristics are achieved, and the response coordination and operation stability of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy utilization and intelligent control technology of heating systems, specifically to an optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system. Background Technology

[0002] Ground source heat pump systems are a highly efficient way to utilize renewable energy and are widely used in building heating, cooling, and domestic hot water applications. Their operational performance directly affects the system's energy efficiency, operating costs, and environmental friendliness. Before the initial construction of a ground source heat pump system or before seasonal operational transitions such as switching from heating to cooling, it is essential to conduct comprehensive commissioning and scheduling tests on the source-side heat exchange, water pump distribution system, and terminal heat exchange devices to ensure that the response performance and coupling relationships of each component meet design objectives and actual load requirements.

[0003] In traditional technology systems, the operation and scheduling of ground source heat pump systems typically rely on manually set parameters, static empirical estimates, and decentralized control methods to regulate the dynamic supply and demand balance between the source and the terminal. This traditional model has the following significant drawbacks: The system response process is fragmented and the scheduling chain is incomplete: Traditional operation methods often control the buried pipe heat exchanger, water pump system and terminal heat exchanger separately. The operating parameters of each part, such as source side water temperature, water pump flow rate and terminal temperature difference, are set independently. There is a lack of a unified scheduling logic link, which leads to asynchronous response of each layer when the load changes rapidly, resulting in problems such as system overshoot, regulation lag or low efficiency.

[0004] Insufficient identification of heat source lag, flow rate deviation, and thermal inertia response: Due to the significant thermal inertia of underground heat sources, the response of buried pipe systems to temperature changes is significantly delayed when the heat pump starts up or experiences sudden load changes. Simultaneously, fluid flow rate changes may lag behind heat load changes, resulting in instantaneous regulation deviations. Furthermore, during operation, uneven flow distribution and localized water resistance variations may occur in different branches, all of which collectively affect the stability and energy efficiency of the heat pump system. Traditional scheduling methods typically rely on simplified models and empirical corrections, failing to monitor the system's multivariate response characteristics and their coupling relationships in real time. Especially under multi-heat pump coupled operation or complex terminal regulation conditions, the nonlinear relationships between various response factors are difficult to identify and dynamically compensate for, easily leading to scheduling risks such as system heating and cooling imbalances, frequent start-ups and shutdowns, and hydraulic mismatch.

[0005] Lack of unified time-series and physical response closed-loop observation methods: In existing scheduling practices, there is often a lack of a dynamic monitoring mechanism for the entire process between heat pump load response, water pump flow adjustment, and terminal heat exchange demand, making it impossible to achieve real-time linkage identification across levels and multiple variables. For example, in peak heat load disturbance tests, source-side water temperature, flow rate, terminal return water temperature, and pump start-up response may exhibit asynchronous responses. Without a unified time-series mapping analysis platform, it is difficult to determine the sequential logic and mutual influence between each response link, thus hindering the establishment of system optimization scheduling strategies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an optimized scheduling method for ground source heat pump systems to solve the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Based on the heat energy conversion and transmission path of the ground source heat pump system, it is divided into three functional levels according to the logic of source-transmission-use, and a three-layer scheduling structure is constructed, including the terminal heat exchange layer, the water pump distribution layer, and the source-side heat pump coupling layer. Based on the control objectives and response parameters of each layer, the response coupling relationship between the three layers is established by analyzing the transmission path between the parameters, and a construction mapping model is established. Step 2: Collect data from the terminal heat exchange layer, the water pump distribution layer, and the source-side heat pump coupling layer, and preprocess the collected data. Step 3: Label the response of each device in the three-layer scheduling structure according to the time axis, establish the time series of each layer, and construct the response delay of the terminal heat exchange layer respectively. Water pump distribution layer response delay Response delay of source-side heat pump coupling layer Further calculate and obtain the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP, and compare it with the first threshold Q1 to determine whether the response delays between the three-layer scheduling structures are matched. If they are not matched, a strategy is given. Step 4: Activate the thermal inertial disturbance monitoring mechanism, extract the real-time temperature of the circulating fluid on the source side of the heat source coupling layer data, and obtain the second derivative of the source side temperature change by combining it with a fixed time interval; further calculate and obtain the thermal inertial disturbance index HGZ, and compare and analyze it with the second threshold Q2 to determine whether the source side thermal response state is normal. If it is abnormal, a strategy will be given. Step 5: Extract the real-time water supply flow rate of the branch from the water pump distribution layer data, combine it with the target water supply flow rate of the branch and the total water supply flow rate of the system, calculate and obtain the flow offset factor FPY, and compare it with the third threshold Q3 to determine whether the flow distribution status of the water pump distribution layer is normal. If it is abnormal, a strategy is given.

[0008] Preferably, step one includes: S11. Based on the heat energy conversion and transmission path of the ground source heat pump system, it is divided into three functional levels according to the logic of source-transmission-use, and a three-layer scheduling structure is constructed, including the terminal heat exchange layer, the water pump distribution layer and the source-side heat pump coupling layer. S111. The terminal heat exchange layer includes: terminal fan coil units, underfloor heating coil units, indoor heat exchange equipment, and terminal temperature and flow sensors; the control of the terminal heat exchange layer takes indoor temperature stability as the core objective, and the response parameters include the terminal supply water temperature, return water temperature and the temperature difference between the two. S112. The water pump distribution layer includes: main water pump, variable frequency water pump, flow regulating valve, pipe network, hydraulic zone controller, flow and pressure sensor; the water pump distribution layer regulation takes system flow balance and pressure difference stability as the control objectives, and the response parameters include the instantaneous flow of each branch, the frequency of the main water pump and the pressure difference of each branch. S113, the source-side heat pump coupling layer includes: ground source heat pump unit, buried pipe heat exchanger, water source side circulating pump, heat pump controller, and heat source temperature monitoring point; the source-side heat pump coupling layer regulation takes the matching of equipment operating efficiency and heat load as the control objective, and the response parameters include heat pump outlet water temperature, start-stop status and actual power output.

[0009] Preferably, step one also includes: S12. Based on the control targets and response parameters of each layer, the response coupling relationship between the three layers is established by analyzing the transmission path between the parameters. S121. Fluctuations in the terminal temperature difference in the terminal heat exchange layer will cause changes in the target flow rate setting, which in turn will trigger the action of the regulating valve or the adjustment of the pump frequency in the second control layer to meet the heat transfer requirements. S122. The centralized adjustment of flow rate in the water pump distribution layer will change the total load state of the system, thereby driving the synchronous adjustment of the heat pump operating frequency or power output strategy in the first control layer. S123. The water supply temperature and response delay of the heat pump in the source-side heat pump coupling layer will have a reverse effect on the pressure difference stability of the second layer, which in turn will have an indirect effect on the end heat exchange efficiency of the third layer. S13. Based on the coupling relationship between control objectives and responses in the three-layer scheduling structure, the key parameter changes, response paths, and control actions of the three-layer scheduling structure are structured in the order of "control objectives - response parameters - adjustment behavior" and cross-level scheduling links are formed. S131. Map the temperature difference change of the terminal heat exchange layer to the target flow adjustment behavior of the water pump distribution layer; S132. Map the flow rate change of the water pump distribution layer to the heat pump load response action of the source-side heat pump coupling layer; S133. Summarize the control behaviors of each layer as the input basis for the scheduling strategy, and establish a construction mapping model to support the judgment of system operation status and strategy execution.

[0010] Preferably, step two includes: S21. Data acquisition is performed on the terminal heat exchange layer. Temperature sensors and ultrasonic flow meters are installed on the inlet and outlet water pipes of each terminal heat exchanger to collect the temperature changes of the terminal heat exchangers. With flow changes Pressure sensors are installed at the inlet of the heat exchanger to collect pressure changes at the terminal heat exchanger. Record the start-up time and the time to reach the set steady state in the control system, and collect the start-up time of the terminal heat exchange layer equipment. and response time ; S22. Data acquisition is performed on the water pump distribution layer. Pressure sensors and flow sensors are installed at the water pump outlet to collect data on changes in the water pump's delivery flow rate. and pressure changes inside the water pump The pump operation control module records the start-up time and stable operation time, and collects the response time of the pump distribution layer equipment. A flow meter is installed at the outlet of each branch to collect the real-time water supply flow value of the branch. and total water supply flow ; S23. Data acquisition is performed on the heat source coupling layer. High-precision temperature sensors are installed in the underground return pipe and inlet pipe to collect the heat source temperature. Real-time temperature T of the circulating fluid on the source side, and the inlet temperature of the source side. Source side outlet temperature A flow meter is installed at the outlet of the main circulating pump on the source side to collect the real-time flow rate of the circulating water on the source side. Record the time from system startup to temperature stabilization in the main control unit of the ground source heat pump system, and collect the response time of the heat source coupling layer equipment. 3; Based on the preset water quality, obtain the fluid density. By pre-setting the water quality type, the specific heat capacity Cp of the circulating water in the buried pipe is obtained; by pre-setting the system structural parameters, the total water volume on the buried pipe side is obtained. ; S24. Perform unified timeline, anomaly removal, unit standardization, and noise smoothing on the collected data.

[0011] Preferably, step three includes: S31. Label the response of each device in the three-layer scheduling structure according to the time axis, establish the time series of each layer, generate a control timing mapping diagram, obtain the start-up time, fluctuations in the response process, and time delays between layers for each device, and after dimensionless processing, construct the response delay of the end heat exchange layer. Water pump distribution layer response delay Response delay of source-side heat pump coupling layer .

[0012] Preferably, step three also includes: S32, Response delay through the constructed end heat exchange layer Water pump distribution layer response delay Response delay of source-side heat pump coupling layer After dimensionless processing, the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP is calculated and obtained.

[0013] S33. By setting a first threshold Q1 and comparing the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP with the first threshold Q1, the first evaluation result is obtained, including: When the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP ≤ the first threshold Q1, it means that the response delays between the three-layer scheduling structures are matched, there is no risk of scheduling inconsistency, no adjustment is made, and continuous monitoring is performed. When the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP > the first threshold Q1, it indicates that the response delays between the three-layer scheduling structures are mismatched, and there is a risk of scheduling inconsistency. This triggers the first warning instruction and generates the first strategy: to pre-start the source-side heat pump in advance to shorten the response delay; and to activate the thermal inertial interference monitoring mechanism.

[0014] Preferably, step four includes: S41. When the first warning command is received, the thermal inertial interference monitoring mechanism is activated to extract the real-time temperature of the circulating fluid on the source side of the heat source coupling layer data, and obtain the second derivative of the source side temperature change by combining it with a fixed time interval. S42. Extract the specific heat capacity, fluid density, total water volume on the buried pipe side, and real-time flow rate of circulating water on the source side from the heat source coupling layer data. Combine the second derivative of the source side temperature change with dimensionless processing, and calculate the thermal inertial disturbance index HGZ.

[0015] Preferably, step four also includes: S43. By setting a second threshold Q2, and comparing the thermal inertia disturbance index HGZ with the second threshold Q2, the second evaluation results are obtained, including: When the thermal inertia disturbance index HGZ ≤ the second threshold Q2, it indicates that the source-side thermal response is normal and no adjustment is needed; continuous monitoring is required. When the thermal inertia disturbance index HGZ > the second threshold Q2, it indicates that the source-side thermal response is abnormal. There is a risk that the heat pump will frequently start and stop due to rapid temperature changes, leading to a decrease in energy efficiency. This triggers the second warning command and generates the second strategy: reduce the heat pump power by 10% and reduce the water pump flow rate by 15% to alleviate the source-side temperature overshoot; temporarily activate the circulation buffer control mode of the buried pipe loop to extend the heat exchange hysteresis zone and smooth out the thermal inertia shock.

[0016] Preferably, step five includes: S51. By extracting the real-time water supply flow rate of the branch from the water pump distribution layer data, and combining it with the target water supply flow rate of the branch and the total water supply flow rate of the system, the flow offset factor FPY is calculated and obtained after dimensionless processing.

[0017] Preferably, step five also includes: S52. By setting a third threshold Q3 and comparing the flow offset factor FPY with the third threshold Q3, the third evaluation results are obtained, including: When the flow offset factor FPY ≤ the third threshold Q3, it indicates that the flow distribution status of the pump distribution layer is normal, the branch hydraulic balance is achieved, no adjustment is required, the current flow scheduling strategy is maintained, and continuous monitoring is performed. When the flow offset factor FPY > the third threshold Q3, it indicates that the flow distribution status of the water pump distribution layer is abnormal, and there is a risk of hydraulic scheduling imbalance. This triggers the third early warning command and generates the third strategy: Based on the flow deviation between the real-time water supply flow value of the branch and the target water supply flow value of each branch, the branches are sorted, and the top 30% of branches with the largest deviation are selected as the control targets. Their target flow is fine-tuned by 10% up or down, and the adjustment is increased or decreased according to the positive or negative deviation. The operating frequency of the main water pump is reduced by 5% to 10%, and the response interval of the regulating valve is shortened by 30%. The process is then recalculated until the flow offset factor FPY ≤ the third threshold Q3.

[0018] This invention provides an optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system. It has the following beneficial effects: (1) The ground source heat pump system optimization scheduling method constructs a three-layer scheduling structure of terminal heat exchange layer, water pump distribution layer and source-side heat pump coupling layer, and establishes a cross-level coupling mapping relationship based on the transmission path between the response parameters of each layer and the control target, so that the control layers can achieve orderly linkage, avoid the problem of hierarchical response fragmentation and strategy disconnection in traditional ground source heat pump systems, and significantly improve the overall operation stability and scheduling coordination.

[0019] (2) The ground source heat pump system optimization scheduling method constructs the response delay sequence of each layer and calculates the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP, and combines it with the first threshold Q1 to realize the quantitative evaluation of the response matching of the three-layer structure; when there is a response delay mismatch, the first strategy can be automatically triggered to perform pre-start or pre-adjustment operation, thereby effectively avoiding problems such as reduced heat exchange efficiency or delayed regulation caused by asynchronous response of each layer.

[0020] (3) The ground source heat pump system optimization scheduling method designs a thermal inertial interference monitoring mechanism. By extracting the second derivative of the source side fluid temperature change in real time and combining it with system parameters to calculate the thermal inertial interference index HGZ, and then comparing it with the preset second threshold Q2, the source side thermal response imbalance caused by ground temperature fluctuations, pipeline heat storage lag, etc. can be accurately identified, thereby improving the system's monitoring sensitivity and emergency adjustment capability for source side nonlinear interference risks.

[0021] (4) This method for optimizing the scheduling of a ground source heat pump system calculates the degree of deviation between the real-time water supply flow and the target flow of each branch, forms a flow deviation factor FPY, and compares and analyzes it with the third threshold Q3. This method can quickly identify and adjust the strategy for problems such as uneven flow distribution and abnormal branch pressure difference, and effectively improve the flow efficiency and hydraulic balance control capability of the water pump distribution layer. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of an optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1 Please see Figure 1 This invention provides an optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Based on the heat energy conversion and transmission path of the ground source heat pump system, it is divided into three functional levels according to the logic of source-transmission-use, and a three-layer scheduling structure is constructed, including the terminal heat exchange layer, the water pump distribution layer, and the source-side heat pump coupling layer. Based on the control objectives and response parameters of each layer, the response coupling relationship between the three layers is established by analyzing the transmission path between the parameters, and a construction mapping model is established. Step 2: Collect data from the terminal heat exchange layer, the water pump distribution layer, and the source-side heat pump coupling layer, and preprocess the collected data. Step 3: Label the response of each device in the three-layer scheduling structure according to the time axis, establish the time series of each layer, and construct the response delay of the terminal heat exchange layer respectively. Water pump distribution layer response delay Response delay of source-side heat pump coupling layer Further calculate and obtain the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP, and compare it with the first threshold Q1 to determine whether the response delays between the three-layer scheduling structures are matched. If they are not matched, a strategy is given. Step 4: Activate the thermal inertial disturbance monitoring mechanism, extract the real-time temperature of the circulating fluid on the source side of the heat source coupling layer data, and obtain the second derivative of the source side temperature change by combining it with a fixed time interval; further calculate and obtain the thermal inertial disturbance index HGZ, and compare and analyze it with the second threshold Q2 to determine whether the source side thermal response state is normal. If it is abnormal, a strategy will be given. Step 5: Extract the real-time water supply flow rate of the branch from the water pump distribution layer data, combine it with the target water supply flow rate of the branch and the total water supply flow rate of the system, calculate and obtain the flow offset factor FPY, and compare it with the third threshold Q3 to determine whether the flow distribution status of the water pump distribution layer is normal. If it is abnormal, a strategy is given.

[0025] In this embodiment, by constructing a three-layer scheduling structure of source-transmission-use, response delay analysis, thermal inertia interference monitoring, and flow offset assessment are performed on the operating status of the terminal heat exchange layer, water pump distribution layer, and source-side heat pump coupling layer, respectively. This enables dynamic identification and accurate assessment of the multi-level control status of the ground source heat pump system, timely detection of issues such as response mismatch between layers, abnormal source-side thermal disturbance, and water supply distribution offset, thereby generating corresponding control strategies, improving the synergy and energy efficiency stability of system operation, and featuring clear structure, accurate judgment, and strong adaptability.

[0026] Example 2 This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 1. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, step one includes: S11. Based on the heat energy conversion and transmission path of the ground source heat pump system, it is divided into three functional levels according to the logic of source-transmission-use, and a three-layer scheduling structure is constructed, including the terminal heat exchange layer, the water pump distribution layer and the source-side heat pump coupling layer. S111. The terminal heat exchange layer includes: terminal fan coil units, underfloor heating coil units, indoor heat exchange equipment, and terminal temperature and flow sensors; the control of the terminal heat exchange layer takes indoor temperature stability as the core objective, and the response parameters include the terminal supply water temperature, return water temperature and the temperature difference between the two. S112. The water pump distribution layer includes: main water pump, variable frequency water pump, flow regulating valve, pipe network, hydraulic zone controller, flow and pressure sensor; the water pump distribution layer regulation takes system flow balance and pressure difference stability as the control objectives, and the response parameters include the instantaneous flow of each branch, the frequency of the main water pump and the pressure difference of each branch. S113, the source-side heat pump coupling layer includes: ground source heat pump unit, buried pipe heat exchanger, water source side circulating pump, heat pump controller, and heat source temperature monitoring point; the source-side heat pump coupling layer regulation takes the matching of equipment operating efficiency and heat load as the control objective, and the response parameters include heat pump outlet water temperature, start-stop status and actual power output.

[0027] In this embodiment, by dividing the ground source heat pump system into three functional layers—the terminal heat exchange layer, the water pump distribution layer, and the source-side heat pump coupling layer—and clarifying the equipment composition, control objectives, and response parameters of each layer, it is possible to achieve layered perception and refined control of the system's operating status. This improves the pertinence and execution efficiency of the scheduling strategy and significantly enhances the system's adaptability to multi-source disturbances and operational stability.

[0028] Example 3 This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 2. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, step one also includes: S12. Based on the control targets and response parameters of each layer, the response coupling relationship between the three layers is established by analyzing the transmission path between the parameters. S121. Fluctuations in the terminal temperature difference in the terminal heat exchange layer will cause changes in the target flow rate setting, which in turn will trigger the action of the regulating valve or the adjustment of the pump frequency in the second control layer to meet the heat transfer requirements. S122. The centralized adjustment of flow rate in the water pump distribution layer will change the total load state of the system, thereby driving the synchronous adjustment of the heat pump operating frequency or power output strategy in the first control layer. S123. The water supply temperature and response delay of the heat pump in the source-side heat pump coupling layer will have a reverse effect on the pressure difference stability of the second layer, which in turn will have an indirect effect on the end heat exchange efficiency of the third layer. S13. Based on the coupling relationship between control objectives and responses in the three-layer scheduling structure, the key parameter changes, response paths, and control actions of the three-layer scheduling structure are structured in the order of "control objectives - response parameters - adjustment behavior" and cross-level scheduling links are formed. S131. Map the temperature difference change of the terminal heat exchange layer to the target flow adjustment behavior of the water pump distribution layer; S132. Map the flow rate change of the water pump distribution layer to the heat pump load response action of the source-side heat pump coupling layer; S133. Summarize the control behaviors of each layer as the input basis for the scheduling strategy, and establish a construction mapping model to support the judgment of system operation status and strategy execution.

[0029] In this embodiment, by constructing a three-layer scheduling structure and organizing the control objectives, response parameters and adjustment behaviors of each layer in a structured manner, a cross-level scheduling link of "terminal temperature difference - flow regulation - heat pump response" is established. This enables dynamic linkage and orderly coordination among the multi-layer control units of the ground source heat pump system, effectively improving the system's response sensitivity and control accuracy under complex operating conditions. It has the beneficial effects of clear logic, complete control loop, and strong system coupling.

[0030] Example 4 This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 3. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, step two includes: S21. Data acquisition is performed on the terminal heat exchange layer. Temperature sensors and ultrasonic flow meters are installed on the inlet and outlet water pipes of each terminal heat exchanger to collect the temperature changes of the terminal heat exchangers. With flow changes Pressure sensors are installed at the inlet of the heat exchanger to collect pressure changes at the terminal heat exchanger. Record the start-up time and the time to reach the set steady state in the control system, and collect the start-up time of the terminal heat exchange layer equipment. and response time ; S22. Data acquisition is performed on the water pump distribution layer. Pressure sensors and flow sensors are installed at the water pump outlet to collect data on changes in the water pump's delivery flow rate. and pressure changes inside the water pump The pump operation control module records the start-up time and stable operation time, and collects the response time of the pump distribution layer equipment. A flow meter is installed at the outlet of each branch to collect the real-time water supply flow value of the branch. and total water supply flow ; S23. Data acquisition is performed on the heat source coupling layer. High-precision temperature sensors are installed in the underground return pipe and inlet pipe to collect the heat source temperature. Real-time temperature T of the circulating fluid on the source side, and the inlet temperature of the source side. Source side outlet temperature A flow meter is installed at the outlet of the main circulating pump on the source side to collect the real-time flow rate of the circulating water on the source side. Record the time from system startup to temperature stabilization in the main control unit of the ground source heat pump system, and collect the response time of the heat source coupling layer equipment. 3; Based on the preset water quality, obtain the fluid density. By pre-setting the water quality type, the specific heat capacity Cp of the circulating water in the buried pipe is obtained; by pre-setting the system structural parameters, the total water volume on the buried pipe side is obtained. ; S24. Perform unified timeline, anomaly removal, unit standardization, and noise smoothing on the collected data.

[0031] In this embodiment, by setting multiple types of sensors such as temperature, flow rate, and pressure in the terminal heat exchange layer, water pump distribution layer, and heat source coupling layer, and combining them with the response time information recorded by the control system, comprehensive collection and precise synchronization of key operating parameters of each layer are achieved. With the help of preprocessing mechanisms such as unified time axis, unit standardization, and anomaly rejection, the comparability and timeliness of multi-level operating data of the ground source heat pump system are significantly improved, providing high-quality data support for subsequent delay matching analysis and collaborative scheduling.

[0032] Example 5 This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 4. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, step three includes: S31. Label the response of each device in the three-layer scheduling structure according to the time axis, establish the time series of each layer, generate a control timing mapping diagram, obtain the start-up time, fluctuations in the response process, and time delays between layers for each device, and after dimensionless processing, construct the response delay of the end heat exchange layer. Water pump distribution layer response delay Response delay of source-side heat pump coupling layer The formula is as follows:

[0033] In the formula, This indicates the temperature change of the terminal heat exchanger. This indicates the flow rate change of the terminal heat exchanger. This indicates the pressure change at the terminal heat exchanger. The terminal heat exchange layer response time refers to the time from when the terminal heat exchange layer equipment is activated to when it reaches the predetermined working state. Indicates the start-up time of the terminal heat exchange layer equipment;

[0034] In the formula, This indicates the change in the flow rate delivered by the water pump. This indicates the pressure change of the fluid in the water pump. The response time of the water pump distribution layer refers to the time it takes for the water pump to start up and reach stable operation.

[0035] In the formula, This indicates the temperature of the heat source, specifically the temperature of the groundwater or soil in a ground source heat pump. The thermal load refers to the total heat demand required by a ground source heat pump system to extract heat from a heat source. The heat source response time refers to the time required from the start-up of the heat pump to the stabilization of the heat source temperature.

[0036] In the formula, This indicates the specific heat capacity of the circulating water in the buried pipe. Indicates fluid density, This indicates the real-time flow rate of the circulating water on the source side. Indicates the source-side inlet temperature. This indicates the source-side outlet temperature.

[0037] In this embodiment, by constructing a control timing mapping diagram of a three-layer scheduling structure, and extracting the start-up time and the entire process of reaching steady state of each layer based on the response behavior of multiple parameters such as temperature, flow rate, and pressure, the system achieves fine quantification of the response delay of the terminal heat exchange layer, water pump distribution layer, and source-side heat pump coupling layer. This effectively identifies the dynamic response differences and conduction lags between layers, providing key support for judging the real-time coordination of the multi-layer collaborative control link, and significantly enhancing the system's ability to identify and correct asynchronous response problems.

[0038] Example 6 This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 5. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, step three also includes: S32, Response delay through the constructed end heat exchange layer Water pump distribution layer response delay Response delay of source-side heat pump coupling layer After dimensionless processing, the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP is calculated and obtained, as shown in the following formula:

[0039] S33. By setting a first threshold Q1 and comparing the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP with the first threshold Q1, the first evaluation result is obtained, including: When the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP ≤ the first threshold Q1, it means that the response delays between the three-layer scheduling structures are matched, there is no risk of scheduling inconsistency, no adjustment is made, and continuous monitoring is performed. When the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP > the first threshold Q1, it indicates that the response delays between the three-layer scheduling structures are mismatched, and there is a risk of scheduling inconsistency. This triggers the first warning instruction and generates the first strategy: to pre-start the source-side heat pump in advance to shorten the response delay; and to activate the thermal inertial interference monitoring mechanism.

[0040] The first threshold Q1 is obtained by conducting system tests and time-series analysis on the response delay characteristics of various types of ground source heat pump systems under different operating conditions. The distribution range of response lag between the terminal heat exchange layer, water pump distribution layer, and source-side heat pump coupling layer under load disturbances, frequency adjustments, and mode switching is statistically analyzed to extract the maximum delay difference in cross-level response transmission. Combined with the system's control cycle time, actual control period, and regulator coordination capability, a reasonable matching tolerance range for delays between each layer is determined. Further referencing relevant HVAC system control coordination standards, typical system delay tolerance indicators, and engineering experience, this first threshold Q1 is formulated to accurately assess the dynamic coupling matching between the three-layer scheduling structure, promptly identify risks such as response misalignment and control malfunction, and improve the overall system response consistency and coordination.

[0041] In this embodiment, by introducing the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP and combining it with dimensionless processing and a preset threshold Q1, the response delay matching degree between the terminal heat exchange layer, the water pump distribution layer and the source-side heat pump coupling layer can be quantitatively analyzed, thereby realizing real-time evaluation and dynamic monitoring of the consistency of multi-level linkage scheduling of the ground source heat pump system. When a delay mismatch is detected, a pre-start command can be actively triggered and the thermal inertia interference monitoring mechanism can be activated in conjunction, thereby effectively avoiding the energy efficiency reduction and system fluctuation problems caused by response time difference.

[0042] Example 7 This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 6. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, step four includes: S41. When the first warning command is received, the thermal inertial interference monitoring mechanism is activated to extract the real-time temperature of the circulating fluid on the source side of the heat source coupling layer data, and obtain the second derivative of the source side temperature change by combining it with a fixed time interval. S42. Extract the specific heat capacity, fluid density, total water volume on the buried pipe side, and real-time flow rate of the circulating water on the source side from the heat source coupling layer data. Combine this with the second derivative of the source side temperature change, and after dimensionless processing, calculate the thermal inertia disturbance index HGZ as follows:

[0043] In the formula, T represents the real-time temperature of the circulating fluid on the source side, referring to the real-time water temperature measured on the source side of the heat pump system, such as in the return water pipe of a buried pipe; t represents the time variable, i.e., a point in time during system operation, used to represent the reference time for temperature changes. The second derivative, representing the temperature change at the source, indicates a nonlinear and dramatic change in the thermal response trend. This indicates the specific heat capacity of the circulating water in the buried pipe. Indicates fluid density, Indicates the total water volume on the buried pipe side. This indicates the hydrothermal load.

[0044] In this embodiment, by constructing the thermal inertia disturbance index HGZ and combining it with the second derivative of the source-side temperature change and the thermophysical parameters of the buried pipe system for dimensionless processing, dynamic identification of drastic changes in the source-side thermal response of the ground source heat pump system can be achieved. This can effectively capture nonlinear thermal inertia disturbances caused by insufficient heat storage buffering of the buried pipe or sudden changes in hydrothermal load. Upon receiving the first warning command, the monitoring mechanism can be triggered immediately and accurate calculations can be performed, thereby improving the system's sensitivity and response speed to source-side thermal anomalies.

[0045] Example 8 This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 7. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, step four also includes: S43. By setting a second threshold Q2, and comparing the thermal inertia disturbance index HGZ with the second threshold Q2, the second evaluation results are obtained, including: When the thermal inertia disturbance index HGZ ≤ the second threshold Q2, it indicates that the source-side thermal response is normal and no adjustment is needed; continuous monitoring is required. When the thermal inertia disturbance index HGZ > the second threshold Q2, it indicates that the source-side thermal response is abnormal. There is a risk that the heat pump will frequently start and stop due to rapid temperature changes, leading to a decrease in energy efficiency. This triggers the second warning command and generates the second strategy: reduce the heat pump power by 10% and reduce the water pump flow rate by 15% to alleviate the source-side temperature overshoot; temporarily activate the circulation buffer control mode of the buried pipe loop to extend the heat exchange hysteresis zone and smooth out the thermal inertia shock.

[0046] The second threshold Q2 is obtained as follows: Based on long-term operational monitoring data of the ground-source heat exchange unit under different geological conditions, combined with laboratory simulation tests and field measurement records, the range of the second derivative variation of the heat source side temperature under typical load switching and diurnal periodic fluctuations is statistically analyzed to extract the temperature inertia variation boundary of the system under normal operating conditions. Simultaneously, considering factors such as the system's heat exchange delay capability, pipeline heat capacity characteristics, and reinjection response inertia, a thermal response tolerance threshold is established through modeling simulation and dynamic debugging experiments. Combining industry standards for evaluating source-side thermal stability and the response limit parameters of the heat exchange unit, this second threshold Q2 is formulated to accurately identify thermal response anomalies caused by excessive source-side thermal inertia or coupling misalignment, ensuring system regulation efficiency and source-side thermal field stability.

[0047] In this embodiment, the thermal inertia disturbance index HGZ is discriminantly analyzed by setting a second threshold Q2, and when an abnormal thermal response is detected on the source side, a second joint control strategy is automatically generated, including reducing the heat pump power, reducing the water pump flow rate, and temporarily activating the cyclic buffer control mode of the buried pipe circuit. This effectively suppresses the frequent start-stop phenomenon of the heat pump when the source side temperature fluctuates rapidly, and alleviates the impact of thermal inertia shock on the system's energy efficiency and stability.

[0048] Example 9 This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 8. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, step five includes: S51. By extracting the real-time water supply flow rate of the branch from the water pump distribution layer data, and combining it with the target water supply flow rate of the branch and the total water supply flow rate of the system, the flow offset factor FPY is calculated after dimensionless processing, as shown in the following formula:

[0049] In the formula, n represents the number of branches in the water pump distribution layer. This represents the real-time water supply flow rate of the i-th branch. This represents the target water supply flow rate of the i-th branch. This indicates the total water supply flow rate of the system.

[0050] The method for obtaining the target water supply flow rate for each branch is as follows: A thermodynamic analysis of the terminal heat exchange load demand of the ground source heat pump system under different operating conditions is conducted. This is combined with the building's internal spatial layout, the type of terminal heat exchange devices such as fan coil units and floor radiant heating, and the designed heating and cooling capacity of each area. The theoretical water supply flow rate required for each branch under specific operating conditions is calculated. Furthermore, considering system operation strategies such as zonal control, variable flow regulation, and dynamic load change characteristics, a regulation curve and real-time regulation target value model for the branch water supply flow rate are constructed. Referring to building energy-saving design standards, HVAC system flow configuration specifications, and engineering commissioning data, the target water supply flow rate value for each branch is determined. This is used for real-time flow deviation judgment and allocation control strategy optimization, ensuring branch heat exchange efficiency and regional temperature control accuracy.

[0051] In this embodiment, by constructing a flow offset factor FPY and normalizing it by introducing the total water supply flow of the system, the degree of deviation of the water supply flow of each branch from the target value can be quantitatively expressed. This can effectively identify the problem of unbalanced branch flow distribution caused by unstable pump operation, sudden change in local resistance of the pipeline network, or abnormal operation of regulating valve. Combined with the third threshold Q3 for dynamic judgment, it can achieve accurate positioning and strategic intervention of abnormal water supply in the distribution layer.

[0052] Example 10 This embodiment is an explanation based on Embodiment 9. Please refer to it. Figure 1 Specifically, step five also includes: S52. By setting a third threshold Q3 and comparing the flow offset factor FPY with the third threshold Q3, the third evaluation results are obtained, including: When the flow offset factor FPY ≤ the third threshold Q3, it indicates that the flow distribution status of the pump distribution layer is normal, the branch hydraulic balance is achieved, no adjustment is required, the current flow scheduling strategy is maintained, and continuous monitoring is performed. When the flow deviation factor FPY > the third threshold Q3, it indicates that the flow distribution status of the pump distribution layer is abnormal, and there is a risk of hydraulic scheduling imbalance. This is caused by changes in local resistance, sudden changes in terminal demand, or lag in branch regulation response, resulting in local overflow or underflow, which in turn induces a mismatch between terminal heat supply and demand, affecting the overall heat exchange efficiency of the system. This triggers the third early warning command and generates the third strategy: based on the flow deviation between the real-time water supply flow value of the branch and the target water supply flow value of each branch, the branches are sorted, and the top 30% of branches with the largest deviation are selected as the control targets. Their target flow is fine-tuned by 10% up or down, increasing or decreasing according to the positive or negative deviation; the operating frequency of the main water pump is reduced by 5% to 10%, and the response interval of the regulating valve is shortened by 30%. The process is then recalculated until the flow deviation factor FPY ≤ the third threshold Q3.

[0053] The third threshold Q3 is obtained by analyzing real-time water supply flow data of multiple ground source heat pump systems under different seasonal loads, supply and return water temperature differences, and branch regulation states. The distribution characteristics of the deviation between the target flow and the actual flow are extracted, and a statistical model of typical branch flow deviation is constructed. Combining the pump frequency response characteristics, the system's water supply capacity limit, and the range of changes in terminal load demand, the tolerance limits for branch flow regulation are comprehensively evaluated. Simultaneously, referencing existing building energy-saving operation standards, hydraulic balance regulation specifications, and dynamic control indicators of regulating valves, a third threshold Q3 is formulated to identify risk scenarios such as abnormal water supply flow and flow distribution imbalance. This enables rapid judgment and precise intervention of the flow status of the transmission and distribution system, ensuring the stability of hydraulic regulation and balanced system heating.

[0054] In this embodiment, the flow offset factor FPY is dynamically judged by setting a third threshold Q3. When an abnormal flow distribution is detected in the water pump distribution layer, the third strategy is automatically triggered. The top 30% of branches with the largest deviation are selected for fine-tuning control, and the frequency of the main water pump is reduced and the response interval of the regulating valve is shortened in conjunction with the adjustment. This enables rapid correction of local overflow or underflow phenomena, effectively suppresses the problem of mismatch between end heat supply and demand caused by hydraulic scheduling imbalance, and improves the system heat exchange efficiency and operational stability.

[0055] The threshold is set to facilitate comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the number of bases set by those skilled in the art for each set of sample data; as long as it does not affect the ratio between the parameter and the quantized value, it is acceptable.

[0056] The above formulas are all derived from software simulation using a large amount of data, and are selected to be close to the actual values. The coefficients in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art based on the actual situation. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the scheduling of a ground source heat pump system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Based on the heat energy conversion and transmission path of the ground source heat pump system, divide it into three functional levels according to the logic of source-transmission-use, and construct a three-layer scheduling structure including the terminal heat exchange layer, the water pump distribution layer and the source-side heat pump coupling layer. Based on the control objectives and response parameters of each layer, the response coupling relationship between the three layers is established by analyzing the transmission path between the parameters, and a mapping model is constructed. Step 2: Collect data from the terminal heat exchange layer, the water pump distribution layer, and the source-side heat pump coupling layer, and preprocess the collected data. Step 3: Label the response of each device in the three-layer scheduling structure according to the time axis, establish the time series of each layer, and construct the response delay of the terminal heat exchange layer respectively. Water pump distribution layer response delay Response delay of source-side heat pump coupling layer Further calculate and obtain the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP, and compare it with the first threshold Q1 to determine whether the response delays between the three-layer scheduling structures are matched. If they are not matched, a strategy is given. Step 4: Activate the thermal inertial disturbance monitoring mechanism, extract the real-time temperature of the circulating fluid on the source side of the heat source coupling layer data, and obtain the second derivative of the source side temperature change by combining it with a fixed time interval; further calculate and obtain the thermal inertial disturbance index HGZ, and compare and analyze it with the second threshold Q2 to determine whether the source side thermal response state is normal. If it is abnormal, a strategy will be given. Step 5: Extract the real-time water supply flow rate of the branch from the water pump distribution layer data, combine it with the target water supply flow rate of the branch and the total water supply flow rate of the system, calculate and obtain the flow offset factor FPY, and compare it with the third threshold Q3 to determine whether the flow distribution status of the water pump distribution layer is normal. If it is abnormal, a strategy is given.

2. The optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step one includes: S11. Based on the heat energy conversion and transmission path of the ground source heat pump system, it is divided into three functional levels according to the logic of source-transmission-use, and a three-layer scheduling structure is constructed, including the terminal heat exchange layer, the water pump distribution layer and the source-side heat pump coupling layer. S111. The terminal heat exchange layer includes: terminal fan coil units, underfloor heating coil units, indoor heat exchange equipment, and terminal temperature and flow sensors; the control of the terminal heat exchange layer takes indoor temperature stability as the core objective, and the response parameters include the terminal supply water temperature, return water temperature and the temperature difference between the two. S112. The water pump distribution layer includes: main water pump, variable frequency water pump, flow regulating valve, pipe network, hydraulic zone controller, flow and pressure sensor; the water pump distribution layer regulation takes system flow balance and pressure difference stability as the control objectives, and the response parameters include the instantaneous flow of each branch, the frequency of the main water pump and the pressure difference of each branch. S113, the source-side heat pump coupling layer includes: ground source heat pump unit, buried pipe heat exchanger, water source side circulating pump, heat pump controller, and heat source temperature monitoring point; the source-side heat pump coupling layer regulation takes the matching of equipment operating efficiency and heat load as the control objective, and the response parameters include heat pump outlet water temperature, start-stop status and actual power output.

3. The optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step one also includes: S12. Based on the control targets and response parameters of each layer, the response coupling relationship between the three layers is established by analyzing the transmission path between the parameters. S121. Fluctuations in the terminal temperature difference in the terminal heat exchange layer will cause changes in the target flow rate setting, which in turn will trigger the action of the regulating valve or the adjustment of the pump frequency in the second control layer to meet the heat transfer requirements. S122. The centralized adjustment of flow rate in the water pump distribution layer will change the total load state of the system, thereby driving the synchronous adjustment of the heat pump operating frequency or power output strategy in the first control layer. S123. The water supply temperature and response delay of the heat pump in the source-side heat pump coupling layer will have a reverse effect on the pressure difference stability of the second layer, which in turn will have an indirect effect on the end heat exchange efficiency of the third layer. S13. Based on the coupling relationship between control objectives and responses in a three-layer scheduling structure, the key parameter changes, response paths, and control actions of the three-layer scheduling structure are structured in the order of "control objectives - response parameters - adjustment behavior" and cross-level scheduling links are formed. S131. Map the temperature difference change of the terminal heat exchange layer to the target flow adjustment behavior of the water pump distribution layer; S132. Map the flow rate change of the water pump distribution layer to the heat pump load response action of the source-side heat pump coupling layer; S133. Summarize the control behaviors of each layer as the input basis for the scheduling strategy, and establish a construction mapping model to support the judgment of system operation status and strategy execution.

4. The optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step two includes: S21. Data acquisition is performed on the terminal heat exchange layer. Temperature sensors and ultrasonic flow meters are installed on the inlet and outlet water pipes of each terminal heat exchanger to collect the temperature changes of the terminal heat exchangers. With flow changes Pressure sensors are installed at the inlet of the heat exchanger to collect pressure changes at the terminal heat exchanger. Record the start-up time and the time to reach the set steady state in the control system, and collect the start-up time of the terminal heat exchange layer equipment. and response time ; S22. Data acquisition is performed on the water pump distribution layer. Pressure sensors and flow sensors are installed at the water pump outlet to collect data on changes in the water pump's delivery flow rate. and pressure changes inside the water pump The pump operation control module records the start-up time and stable operation time, and collects the response time of the pump distribution layer equipment. A flow meter is installed at the outlet of each branch to collect the real-time water supply flow value of the branch. and total water supply flow ; S23. Data acquisition is performed on the heat source coupling layer. High-precision temperature sensors are installed in the underground return pipe and inlet pipe to collect the heat source temperature. Real-time temperature T of the circulating fluid on the source side, and the inlet temperature of the source side. Source side outlet temperature A flow meter is installed at the outlet of the main circulating pump on the source side to collect the real-time flow rate of the circulating water on the source side. Record the time from system startup to temperature stabilization in the main control unit of the ground source heat pump system, and collect the response time of the heat source coupling layer equipment. 3; Based on the preset water quality, obtain the fluid density. By pre-setting the water quality type, the specific heat capacity Cp of the circulating water in the buried pipe is obtained; by pre-setting the system structural parameters, the total water volume on the buried pipe side is obtained. ; S24. Perform unified timeline, anomaly removal, unit standardization, and noise smoothing on the collected data.

5. The optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step three includes: S31. Label the response of each device in the three-layer scheduling structure according to the time axis, establish the time series of each layer, generate a control timing mapping diagram, obtain the start-up time, fluctuations in the response process, and time delays between layers for each device, and after dimensionless processing, construct the response delay of the end heat exchange layer. Water pump distribution layer response delay Response delay of source-side heat pump coupling layer .

6. The optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step three also includes: S32, Response delay through the constructed end heat exchange layer Water pump distribution layer response delay Response delay of source-side heat pump coupling layer After dimensionless processing, the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP is calculated and obtained. S33. By setting a first threshold Q1 and comparing the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP with the first threshold Q1, the first evaluation result is obtained, including: When the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP ≤ the first threshold Q1, it means that the response delays between the three-layer scheduling structures are matched, there is no risk of scheduling inconsistency, no adjustment is made, and continuous monitoring is performed. When the dynamic delay structure matching coefficient DYP > the first threshold Q1, it indicates that the response delays between the three-layer scheduling structures are mismatched, and there is a risk of scheduling inconsistency. This triggers the first warning instruction and generates the first strategy: to pre-start the source-side heat pump in advance to shorten the response delay; and to activate the thermal inertial interference monitoring mechanism.

7. The optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step four includes: S41. When the first warning command is received, the thermal inertial interference monitoring mechanism is activated to extract the real-time temperature of the circulating fluid on the source side of the heat source coupling layer data, and obtain the second derivative of the source side temperature change by combining it with a fixed time interval. S42. Extract the specific heat capacity, fluid density, total water volume on the buried pipe side, and real-time flow rate of circulating water on the source side from the heat source coupling layer data. Combine the second derivative of the source side temperature change with dimensionless processing, and calculate the thermal inertial disturbance index HGZ.

8. The optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step four also includes: S43. By setting a second threshold Q2, and comparing the thermal inertia disturbance index HGZ with the second threshold Q2, the second evaluation results are obtained, including: When the thermal inertia disturbance index HGZ ≤ the second threshold Q2, it indicates that the source-side thermal response is normal and no adjustment is needed; continuous monitoring is required. When the thermal inertia disturbance index HGZ > the second threshold Q2, it indicates that the source-side thermal response is abnormal. There is a risk that the heat pump will frequently start and stop due to rapid temperature changes, leading to a decrease in energy efficiency. This triggers the second warning command and generates the second strategy: reduce the heat pump power by 10% and reduce the water pump flow rate by 15% to alleviate the source-side temperature overshoot; temporarily activate the circulation buffer control mode of the buried pipe loop to extend the heat exchange hysteresis zone and smooth out the thermal inertia shock.

9. The optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step five includes: S51. By extracting the real-time water supply flow rate of the branch from the water pump distribution layer data, and combining it with the target water supply flow rate of the branch and the total water supply flow rate of the system, the flow offset factor FPY is calculated and obtained after dimensionless processing.

10. The optimized scheduling method for a ground source heat pump system according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step five also includes: S52. By setting a third threshold Q3 and comparing the flow offset factor FPY with the third threshold Q3, the third evaluation results are obtained, including: When the flow offset factor FPY ≤ the third threshold Q3, it indicates that the flow distribution status of the pump distribution layer is normal, the branch hydraulic balance is achieved, no adjustment is required, the current flow scheduling strategy is maintained, and continuous monitoring is performed. When the flow offset factor FPY > the third threshold Q3, it indicates that the flow distribution status of the water pump distribution layer is abnormal, and there is a risk of hydraulic scheduling imbalance. This triggers the third early warning command and generates the third strategy: Based on the flow deviation between the real-time water supply flow value of the branch and the target water supply flow value of each branch, the branches are sorted, and the top 30% of branches with the largest deviation are selected as the control targets. Their target flow is fine-tuned by 10% up or down, and the adjustment is increased or decreased according to the positive or negative deviation. The operating frequency of the main water pump is reduced by 5% to 10%, and the response interval of the regulating valve is shortened by 30%. The process is then recalculated until the flow offset factor FPY ≤ the third threshold Q3.

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