An ultra-wideband, large-scan-angle Vivaldi antenna array for drone countermeasures

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of antenna technology and provides an ultra-wideband, large-scan-angle Vivaldi antenna array for UAV countermeasures, comprising bifacial Vivaldi antenna elements arranged in an interleaved array structure. The bifacial Vivaldi antenna elements are electrically connected to a wideband circuit control module. The wideband circuit control module includes a wideband feed network, a transceiver (T / R) assembly, and a beam control unit. The end of the wideband feed network is directly coupled to the bifacial Vivaldi antenna elements. The bifacial Vivaldi antenna elements respond to wideband signal allocation commands from the wideband feed network. The RF output terminal of the T / R assembly is connected to the power divider port of the wideband feed network, and the RF input terminal of the T / R assembly is connected to the combiner port of the wideband feed network. The beam control unit is electrically connected to the control terminal of the T / R assembly via a high-speed serial control bus. The T / R assembly responds to control commands from the beam control unit, including azimuth commands and frequency band commands.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drone antenna technology, and in particular to an ultra-wideband, large-scan-angle Vivaldi antenna array for drone countermeasures. Background Technology

[0002] The Vivaldi antenna array is a phased array system based on Vivaldi antenna elements. It features ultra-wideband, wide-angle scanning, high gain, and structural flexibility, and is widely used in radar, communication, electronic warfare, and other fields.

[0003] Conventional Vivaldi arrays typically employ uniform arrangement (row and column alignment), and the scan angle is limited by the grid lobes (usually <±45°).

[0004] The control modules of existing broadband antennas are mostly simple combinations of "feed network + T / R components", without integrating a beam control unit to output composite azimuth and frequency commands. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application proposes an ultra-wideband, large-scan-angle Vivaldi antenna array for UAV countermeasures. This application solves the problem of coordinated control of multi-band signal allocation and large-scan-angle beam pointing under ultra-wideband conditions by coordinating the phase (azimuth) and gain / attenuation (frequency band) of the T / R components through the beam control unit.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application proposes an ultra-wideband, large-scan-angle Vivaldi antenna array for UAV countermeasures, comprising bifacial Vivaldi antenna elements arranged in an interleaved array structure, wherein:

[0007] The dual-sided Vivaldi antenna unit is electrically connected to the wideband circuit control module; wherein, the wideband circuit control module includes a wideband feed network, a T / R assembly, and a beam control unit;

[0008] The end of the broadband feed network is directly coupled to the dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element; wherein the dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element responds to the broadband signal allocation command of the broadband feed network;

[0009] The RF output terminal of the T / R component is connected to the power divider port of the broadband feed network, and the RF input terminal of the T / R component is connected to the combiner port of the broadband feed network.

[0010] The beam control unit is electrically connected to the control terminal of the T / R component via a high-speed serial control bus; wherein, the T / R component responds to the control commands of the beam control unit, and the control commands include azimuth commands and frequency band commands.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, the broadband power supply network includes a multi-section impedance transformation power divider;

[0012] Among them, the multi-section impedance transformation power divider is used to dynamically respond to at least one bandwidth allocation signal output by the T / R component.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, the wideband power supply network configuration is determined by a frequency band command response mechanism;

[0014] When the broadband feed network receives the first control command containing the target frequency band information sent by the beam control unit through the high-speed serial control bus, it parses the first control command and determines the frequency band range parameters. The frequency band range parameters correspond to the impedance transformation section parameters of the power divider and the signal allocation ratio.

[0015] Verify whether the current dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element meets the operating bandwidth constraints.

[0016] If the verification is successful, the impedance transformation section of the multi-section impedance transformation power divider will be switched to the parameter configuration of any frequency band within the frequency band range parameters to complete the adjustment of the signal distribution ratio.

[0017] If the verification fails, the broadband feeder network ignores the first control command.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, the T / R assembly includes a high-frequency coaxial connector;

[0019] Specifically, when the high-frequency coaxial connector responds to the first signal of the broadband feed network, it determines the phase shift parameter and attenuation parameter, and generates a bandwidth allocation signal based on the phase shift parameter and attenuation parameter; wherein, the first signal is the transmit signal;

[0020] When the high-frequency coaxial connector responds to the second signal of the broadband power supply network, it determines the phase difference between the different signals and synthesizes the target signal based on the phase difference; wherein, the second signal is the received signal.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect, the T / R component is equipped with a phase calibration judgment mechanism;

[0022] When receiving the azimuth command from the beam control unit, the control module analyzes the target azimuth angle, retrieves the array geometric parameters to calculate the phase of each channel, and queries the adjustable range of the phase shifter.

[0023] If the phase value exceeds the range, set an extreme value and generate an early warning; otherwise, set the phase value directly.

[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, the beam control unit includes a first unit and a second unit; wherein, the first unit is used to generate a phase shift command for the T / R component response based on the operating frequency; the second unit is used to receive the phase shift of the T / R component, determine the target weighting parameters of the broadband feed network at the target angle, and generate a linear phase gradient command fed back to the T / R component based on the target weighting parameters.

[0025] In conjunction with the first aspect, the target weighting parameter is calculated and determined by the Taylor amplitude weighting mechanism deployed in the beam control unit; wherein, the Taylor amplitude weighting mechanism generates an amplitude weighting model at the target angle based on the difference between the real-time sidelobe level and the preset sidelobe level of the dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element and the minimum value of the equal sidelobe number of the real-time dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element. The amplitude weighting model includes the first amplitude weighting of the unequal power divider under the received signal and the second amplitude weighting of the variable gain amplifier under the transmitted signal.

[0026] In conjunction with the first aspect, the Taylor amplitude weighting mechanism is also used for:

[0027] When receiving the sidelobe suppression command from the beam control unit, the weighting type is parsed, the weighting-amplitude coefficient table is retrieved to calculate the amplitude value and attenuation of each channel, and the adjustable range of the attenuator is queried.

[0028] If the attenuation exceeds the range, set an extreme value and generate an early warning; otherwise, set the attenuation value directly.

[0029] In conjunction with the first aspect, the beam control unit is equipped with a control command generation and judgment mechanism;

[0030] Among them, after receiving the target data from the target device, the target azimuth and frequency are analyzed, and the scanning range and bandwidth constraints are retrieved for verification.

[0031] If the azimuth angle is out of range, it will be corrected to the boundary value; if the frequency is out of range, it will be ignored and an error log will be generated.

[0032] Otherwise, generate the corresponding azimuth and frequency band command and send it to the T / R component.

[0033] In conjunction with the first aspect, the clocks of the different components of the T / R module are synchronized, and the beam control unit periodically reads the channel phase and amplitude status of each T / R module, calculates the average deviation, and verifies whether it exceeds the preset threshold.

[0034] If the threshold is exceeded, a correction command is generated and sent to the corresponding T / R component; otherwise, the state is maintained.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0036] This application employs staggered bifacial Vivaldi antenna elements to disrupt the array periodicity and suppress grating lobes. Combined with a bifacial radiating structure, this enhances radiation efficiency and enables signal transmission over a large scanning angle. A wideband feed network is directly coupled to the antenna elements to reduce insertion loss. Furthermore, in conjunction with T / R components and a beam control unit, azimuth / band command control enables ultra-wideband multi-band signal allocation and large-scan-angle beam pointing coordinated control, improving the effectiveness of UAV countermeasures and multi-directional, multi-band target detection and jamming capabilities.

[0037] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0040] In the attached diagram:

[0041] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an ultra-wideband, large-scan-angle Vivaldi antenna array for UAV countermeasures in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the wideband circuit control module in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a control logic diagram of the wideband circuit control module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure label:

[0045] 10 is a dual-sided Vivaldi antenna unit, 20 is a wideband circuit control module, 203 is a wideband feed network, 202 is a T / R assembly, and 201 is a beam control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0047] In existing technologies, conventional Vivaldi arrays mostly employ a uniform arrangement, i.e., row-column alignment. Therefore, the scan angle is limited by the grating lobes, typically offering only a 90° ± 45° adjustment range. This application improves the array structure by disrupting the array's periodicity through staggered arrangement, suppressing grating lobes, and expanding the scan angle to ± 60°. This differs from existing Vivaldi arrays on the market that only suppress grating lobes by reducing cell spacing, which leads to bandwidth degradation. The staggered arrangement represents a structural improvement independent of cell spacing.

[0048] This application proposes an ultra-wideband, large-scan-angle Vivaldi antenna array for UAV countermeasures, such as... Figure 3 As shown, in the deployment grating of the Vivaldi antenna array, each antenna has multiple grating lobes arranged in a three-dimensional manner. A grating lobe is a composite dielectric substrate; one side of the substrate has a circular resonant cavity and exponentially graded fan-shaped slots. The other side of the substrate has microstrip transmission lines and fan-shaped stubs to achieve radiation control. To enhance directional guidance, guide strips can also be placed inside the fan-shaped slots.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application proposes an ultra-wideband, large-scan-angle Vivaldi antenna array for UAV countermeasures, including a bi-faced Vivaldi antenna element 10 with an interleaved array structure.

[0051] In this application, the double-sided Vivaldi antenna element 10 with an interleaved array structure employs a symmetrical distribution of double-sided metal radiating surfaces on the grating lobe surface. This results in a lateral offset greater than λ / 4 of the interleaving spacing, where λ represents the lower limit of the operating wavelength. The lateral offset of half a unit period optimizes the electromagnetic coupling between elements, suppresses mutual coupling interference during scanning, reduces electromagnetic coupling between adjacent elements, and decreases pattern distortion. Compared to the commonly used single-sided Vivaldi antenna element in the market, the scanning angle is increased by 30%, achieving a wide bandwidth without sacrificing response speed.

[0052] The dual-sided Vivaldi antenna unit 10 is electrically connected to the wideband circuit control module 20; wherein, the wideband circuit control module 20 includes a wideband feed network 203, a T / R assembly 202 and a beam control unit 201;

[0053] In one embodiment, the Vivaldi antenna has a gradient groove structure, which naturally possesses ultra-wideband characteristics; the double-sided structure (two layers of metal patches) can enhance radiation efficiency and broaden bandwidth; the staggered arrangement (such as row and column offset by half a unit spacing) can suppress grating lobes during scanning by disrupting the array periodicity (grating lobes will cause radiation pattern deterioration and limit scanning angle), thereby achieving ultra-wideband signal coverage and large scanning angle, meeting the multi-directional and multi-frequency target detection requirements in UAV countermeasures.

[0054] The end of the broadband feed network 203 is directly coupled to the dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element 10; wherein the dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element 10 responds to the broadband signal allocation command of the broadband feed network 203;

[0055] In this application, the wideband circuit control module 20 is directly coupled to the dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element 10, enabling energy transfer between the end of the feed network and the throat of the antenna element via electromagnetic coupling. This eliminates the need for traditional cables or connectors, reducing transmission losses associated with them. Therefore, it receives wideband signal allocation commands more quickly. The wideband circuit control module 20 is used for efficient wideband signal allocation and transmission / reception, performing dynamic beam scanning (large scan angle) and multi-band adaptation (ultra-wideband). It solves the problem of the loss of the wideband feed network 203 in traditional antennas increasing sharply with the scan angle, while simultaneously achieving wideband and large scan angle. Allocation commands are used to allocate different power levels and scan different azimuth angles.

[0056] In one embodiment, the RF output terminal of the T / R component 202 is connected to the power divider port of the broadband feed network 203, and the RF input terminal of the T / R component 202 is connected to the combiner port of the broadband feed network 203.

[0057] In this application, the RF output terminal of the T / R component 202 is connected to the power divider port of the wideband feed network 203, enabling the power divider port to have power distribution capability, increasing isolation, and thus reducing the noise figure of the receiver signal combiner port. This allows for low-noise signal synthesis, improving the response speed and accuracy of the antenna array's transmit and receive signals. The wideband feed network 203 is used to distribute the signal output from the T / R component 202 to each antenna element (transmit) or to aggregate the received signal (receive) via a power divider / combiner, supporting impedance matching within a wide bandwidth.

[0058] In one embodiment, the T / R component 202 integrates a transmit power amplifier (PA), a receive low-noise amplifier (LNA), a phase shifter, and an attenuator to achieve signal amplification and phase / amplitude control. During transmission, the signal output by the T / R component 202 is distributed to each antenna element via a power divider port (power is evenly distributed or weighted); during reception, the signals received by each antenna element are combined via a combiner port to the T / R component 202 (low-noise amplification), separating the transmit and receive paths to avoid interference between the transmit and receive signals.

[0059] The beam control unit 201 is electrically connected to the control terminal of the T / R component 202 via a high-speed serial control bus; wherein, the T / R component 202 responds to the control commands of the beam control unit 201, and the control commands include azimuth commands and frequency band commands.

[0060] In this application, the high-speed serial control bus adopts the LVDS serial bus, and reduces electromagnetic interference through differential signal transmission, so that the beam control has low latency characteristics.

[0061] In one embodiment, the beam control unit 201 is used to control the phase shifter to adjust the phase and change the beam pointing generation by means of azimuth commands, and to control the T / R component 202 to switch the gain / attenuation configuration of different frequency bands by means of frequency band commands.

[0062] In one embodiment, the end of the wideband feed network 203 is directly coupled to the antenna element. This direct coupling reduces insertion loss, and wideband impedance matching is achieved through impedance gradient design.

[0063] In one embodiment, a high-speed serial bus is used for high data rates to ensure that control commands (such as phase values ​​and attenuation) are transmitted in real time, reducing latency.

[0064] This application solves the problem of coordinated control of multi-band signal allocation and large scan angle beam pointing under ultra-wideband conditions by coordinating the phase (azimuth) and gain / attenuation (frequency band) of the T / R component 202 through the beam control unit 201.

[0065] In one embodiment, the antenna array of this application is mainly used in UAVs. When transmitting and receiving signals, the staggered spatial layout reduces mutual coupling interference, and the impedance matching of direct-coupled feeding achieves a dual optimized structure of low mutual coupling and high feeding efficiency. The staggered arrangement reduces electromagnetic coupling between units and provides a stable impedance environment for direct-coupled feeding. The low-loss characteristics of direct coupling prevent power loss caused by the increase in feeding path due to staggered arrangement.

[0066] In one embodiment, the antenna array of this application is mainly used in a UAV. When transmitting and receiving signals, the power divider / combiner port of the T / R component 202 and the high-speed bus of the beam control unit 201 form a fast beamforming to achieve data reception. The amplitude / phase weighting of the power divider port provides the hardware basis for beam control, while the high-speed bus continuously switches the beam shape through real-time updates of the weighting coefficients to achieve rapid azimuth scanning, thereby transmitting and receiving signals.

[0067] Example 2:

[0068] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The broadband power supply network 203 includes multiple impedance transformation power dividers;

[0069] In this application, the multi-section impedance converter power divider achieves the matching of input impedance and antenna unit load impedance within a wide bandwidth by cascading 2-4 transmission lines with different characteristic impedances. In actual implementation, a multi-port Wilkinson power divider structure is adopted, and each conversion section integrates an isolation resistor to prevent serial port interference between ports.

[0070] Among them, the multi-section impedance transformation power divider is used to dynamically respond to at least one bandwidth allocation signal output by the T / R component.

[0071] In this application, the impedance-transformer power divider utilizes cascaded multi-section impedance-gradient transmission lines, including microstrip lines and striplines, to broaden the matching bandwidth by leveraging the superposition characteristics of the frequency responses of multiple reactive components. The matching bandwidth of a single-section impedance transformer typically covers only 10% of the center frequency, while the bandwidth of a three-section Chebyshev impedance transformer can be extended to 50% of the center frequency.

[0072] In this application, the T / R component 202 outputs a radio frequency signal corresponding to the frequency band according to the frequency band command of the beam control unit 201. In this application, the radio frequency signal includes frequency range and power level information. The multi-section impedance transformation power divider dynamically switches between different numbers of impedance transformation sections through an internal control module, so that the input / output impedance of the power divider matches the characteristic impedance of the current frequency band signal, thereby reducing frequency band insertion loss and switching time.

[0073] In one embodiment, the wideband matching characteristics of the multi-section impedance transformation power divider provide a stable excitation source for the staggered antenna elements, while the double-sided structure of the antenna elements optimizes the load impedance environment of the power divider by adjusting the equivalent dielectric constant; the double-sided structure includes: a metal radiating arm + a dielectric substrate, so that the reflection coefficient of the power divider is less than a preset maximum value in the entire frequency band.

[0074] In one embodiment, the function of the frequency band command is to make each conversion segment of the power divider correspond to a specific frequency band command of the T / R component 202. The T / R component 202 controls the PIN diode switch inside the power divider by switching different frequency band commands, thereby realizing the dynamic selection of multiple conversion segments and forming a linkage matching of command combination structure.

[0075] In one embodiment, the insertion loss increases linearly with the number of sections in a multi-section impedance transformer power divider. This application addresses this issue by dynamically adjusting the equivalent dielectric constant in a double-sided structure in coordination with the antenna element impedance, thereby increasing the number of sections without reducing the insertion loss.

[0076] In one embodiment, the power divider incorporates a digitally controlled adjustable reactance network. When the beam control unit 201 controls the adjustable reactance network via a high-speed bus, the reactance value of each conversion segment is adjusted according to the frequency f and power P parameters of the T / R component 202, so that the center frequency and bandwidth of the power divider match the distribution signal.

[0077] In one embodiment, the power divider selects the corresponding frequency band conversion segment according to the instruction via at least one channel selection command, thereby achieving efficient power distribution within the specified frequency band.

[0078] In one embodiment, the frequency parameters in the band allocation signal are linked to the scanning angle parameters in the azimuth command. When the beam control unit 201 sends an azimuth command to the 12-20GHz band, the dynamic response system of the power divider automatically calls the pre-stored reactance parameters of the band-angle combination to avoid the delay of manual adjustment. In the actual UAV control room, the low-latency transmission of the band allocation signal can also be ensured through a high-speed bus. The dynamic response of the power divider forms a matching of transmission and response time, which improves the effect of fast target tracking in UAV counter-counter-counter-counter-counter scenarios.

[0079] Example 3:

[0080] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The broadband power supply network 203 is configured with a frequency band command response judgment mechanism;

[0081] When the wideband power supply network 203 receives the first control command containing the target frequency band information sent by the beam control unit 201 through the high-speed serial control bus, it parses the first control command and determines the frequency band range parameters, which correspond to the impedance transformation section parameters of the power divider and the signal allocation ratio.

[0082] In this application, the first control command is parsed by the microprocessor that manages the wideband feed network 203, and the integrity of the command is ensured by CRC check. Parameter matching is performed through a pre-stored frequency band-impedance parameter mapping table, and the intersection of the rated operating bandwidth of the antenna element and the target frequency band can be compared to achieve beam constraint verification.

[0083] Verify whether the current dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element 10 meets the operating bandwidth constraints; it is understood that in actual implementation, the frequency response table of the dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element 10 stored in the EEPROM built into the broadband feed network 203 is used to verify whether the target frequency band range parameters fall within the effective bandwidth.

[0084] In this application, when determining whether the working bandwidth constraint is met, the frequency response characteristics of the dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element 10 are used to logically determine whether the target frequency band parameters fall within the effective bandwidth, thereby determining whether the working bandwidth constraint is met.

[0085] During the judgment process, the target frequency band information, beam control unit 201 and azimuth command constitute a joint constraint. The effective working bandwidth of the antenna unit will be compressed due to beam tilt. The judgment mechanism needs to dynamically adjust the bandwidth constraint conditions in real time according to the azimuth angle to ensure that the frequency band switching and beam pointing are coordinated and adapted.

[0086] In one embodiment, if the judgment mechanism has instruction neglect or instruction misidentification, the final result will be fed back to the T / R component 202 through the high-speed serial bus, triggering the T / R component 202 to automatically send a frequency band retry instruction to prevent target tracking interruption caused by a single instruction error.

[0087] If the verification is successful, the impedance transformation section of the multi-section impedance transformation power divider will be switched to the parameter configuration of any frequency band within the frequency band range parameters to complete the adjustment of the signal distribution ratio.

[0088] In this application, by mapping the frequency range parameters to the impedance transformation section parameters of the power divider, the fixed frequency band corresponding to each transformation section of the power divider is determined, thereby determining whether the operating bandwidth constraint is met. After successful verification, the judgment mechanism directly controls the PIN diode switch of the power divider through the SPI interface to achieve precise switching of the impedance transformation section and avoid mismatch between software and hardware parameters.

[0089] During the judgment process

[0090] If the verification fails, the broadband power supply network 203 ignores the first control command.

[0091] In one embodiment, during the process of the UAV receiving and transmitting signals, the beam control unit 201 generates a first control command based on the target signal frequency. The first control command contains target frequency band information. The wideband feed network 203 parses the command through the UAV's control modules such as the microcontroller and FPGA, retrieves the internally stored frequency band-impedance transformation segment mapping table, which stores the impedance transformation segment parameters and signal allocation ratios of the power divider corresponding to different frequency bands, and verifies whether the operating bandwidth of the current antenna unit covers the target frequency band.

[0092] If successful, the control module drives the switches (such as PIN diodes and MEMS switches) of the multi-section impedance transformation power divider to switch to the corresponding impedance transformation section and adjust the signal distribution ratio.

[0093] If the target frequency band exceeds the antenna element bandwidth, the instruction is ignored to avoid mismatch.

[0094] In verifying the operating bandwidth constraints, the operating bandwidth of the dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element 10 is determined by physical parameters such as the length of its tapered groove and the dielectric constant of the substrate. The broadband feed network 203 verifies whether the target frequency band is completely contained within the bandwidth by using a pre-stored antenna element bandwidth table.

[0095] Switching between impedance transformation sections and adjusting the signal distribution ratio is necessary because each section of a multi-stage impedance transformer power divider corresponds to impedance matching parameters for different frequency bands. After switching to the transformation section corresponding to the target frequency band, the signal distribution ratio is adjusted according to the interference requirements of that frequency band.

[0096] Example 4:

[0097] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 T / R assembly 202 includes a high-frequency coaxial connector;

[0098] When the high-frequency coaxial connector responds to the first signal of the broadband feed network 203, it determines the phase shift parameter and attenuation parameter, and generates a bandwidth allocation signal based on the phase shift parameter and attenuation parameter; wherein, the first signal is the transmit signal;

[0099] In this application, a precision coaxial connector is used for the high-frequency coaxial connector. Internally, an inner and outer conductor form a concentric circle structure, filled with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dielectric, transmitting electromagnetic waves via a TEM mode. TEM mode transmission prevents high-frequency mode dispersion, enabling reflection-free transmission of ultra-wideband signals. The RF output of the high-frequency coaxial connector is rigidly connected to the power divider port of the feed network via a flange, and the inner conductor is directly soldered to the microstrip line of the feed network, achieving a low-impedance transition effect. The low insertion loss of the high-frequency coaxial connector compensates for power loss caused by the power divider / combiner of the feed network, ensuring that the band allocation command sent by the beam control unit 201 is transmitted to the T / R assembly 202 without interference upon response to the first signal.

[0100] In this process, a band allocation signal is generated based on the phase shift and attenuation parameters. The first signal is the transmitted signal. Based on the principle of electromagnetic wave phase superposition, the high-frequency coaxial connector achieves linear coupling of signal voltage and current through the impedance characteristics of the inner and outer conductors when transmitting the transmitted signal. Based on the coupling coefficient and the inverse calculation of the phase shift and attenuation parameters, the built-in FPGA encodes multiple parameters into a band allocation signal, which includes a frequency band identifier and power level.

[0101] When the high-frequency coaxial connector responds to the second signal of the broadband feed network 203, it determines the phase difference between the different signals and synthesizes the target signal based on the phase difference; wherein, the second signal is the received signal.

[0102] In this application, the second signal is the received signal. Based on the phased array beamforming principle, the high-frequency coaxial connector receives the echo signal (second signal) of the multi-channel antenna element. Crosstalk between channels is eliminated by the outer conductor shielding layer, the phase difference of different channel signals is determined by the time delay characteristics of the inner conductor, and then the multi-channel signals are combined into a focused beam (target signal) pointing to the target by a weighted synthesis algorithm.

[0103] In this application, the frequency band allocation signal corresponding to the transmitted signal includes the center frequency of the target frequency band. The receiving mode dynamically adjusts the reference frequency calculated based on the phase difference according to the center frequency to prevent phase ambiguity during cross-band synthesis. At the same time, the attenuation parameter of the transmitting mode is used for automatic gain control of the receiving mode. When the transmitting attenuation reaches the preset attenuation threshold, the receiving gain is automatically increased to above the preset attenuation threshold, so that the power of the transmitting and receiving signals is dynamically balanced.

[0104] In this application, when the received signal is synthesized into a target signal based on the phase difference, the high isolation of the high-frequency coaxial connector shielding layer prevents crosstalk between adjacent channel signals from causing phase difference calculation errors; the frequency band allocation signal generated by the transmitted signal is transmitted through the control line in the shielding layer, which can also prevent signal distortion caused by electromagnetic interference.

[0105] In one embodiment, parameter sharing and physical isolation of the shielding layer are achieved through frequency band allocation signals and phase difference calculations, enabling seamless switching of the transmit and receive modes and preventing transmit and receive delays in the independently designed T / R component 202.

[0106] In one embodiment, the high-frequency coaxial connector is available in both SMA and N-type configurations. Through a coaxial structure of an inner conductor (signal) and an outer conductor (shielding), it achieves low-loss, high-isolation signal transmission. Its impedance matching with the broadband feed network 203 and antenna elements prevents signal reflection. When the broadband feed network 203 outputs a transmit signal (first signal), the high-frequency coaxial connector transmits the signal to the phase shifter and attenuator modules of the T / R assembly 202. The phase shifting parameter is calculated based on the azimuth command from the beam control unit 201, adjusting the signal phase using the phase shifter. The attenuation parameter is calculated based on the sidelobe suppression requirements, calculating the amplitude weighting value of each element, and adjusting the signal amplitude using the attenuator. When the broadband feed network 203 outputs the received signal (the second signal, i.e. the UAV reflected / radiated signal received by each antenna unit), the high-frequency coaxial connector transmits the multiple received signals to the phase detection module of the T / R component 202, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal, enhancing the detection capability of weak signals, and locating the target's orientation through the phase difference.

[0107] In this application, the transmitted signal is analyzed through the connector's RF interface, stabilizing the input signal power and providing reliable input for parameter determination. The process of synthesizing the target signal is output to the feed network through the connector; the interface's low reflection characteristics prevent beam distortion caused by secondary reflections of the synthesized signal. During the generation of the frequency band allocation signal, it is directly bound to the power output of the transmitted signal, eliminating the need for protocol conversion and reducing latency. The accuracy of the phase difference calculation determines the pointing accuracy of the target signal output.

[0108] Example 5:

[0109] See Figure 3 The T / R component 202 is equipped with a phase calibration judgment mechanism;

[0110] When receiving the azimuth command from the beam control unit 201, the control module analyzes the target azimuth angle, retrieves the array geometric parameters to calculate the phase of each channel, and queries the adjustable range of the phase shifter.

[0111] In this application, the beam control unit 201 generates an azimuth command based on the target UAV's azimuth. After the control module of the T / R component 202 analyzes θ, it retrieves the array geometry parameters and determines the required phase amount for each channel through phase calculation. Subsequently, it queries the adjustable range of the phase shifter.

[0112] In one embodiment, the phase amount of each channel is calculated based on the horizontal and vertical azimuth angles of the target signal, combined with the geometric parameters of the dual-sided Vivaldi antenna array, to determine the phase compensation amount of the channel, thereby preventing signal interference caused by the superposition of electromagnetic waves at the target azimuth.

[0113] In one embodiment, the adjustable range of the phase shifter is queried because the breeding equipment experiences temperature drift due to different altitudes during elevation changes and equipment aging, resulting in an inaccurate effective adjustable range. This application uses a judgment mechanism to compare the calculated phase value with the effective range, preventing the adjustable range from being too large and causing phase locking failure.

[0114] In this application, dynamic phase calibration is achieved through a dual mechanism of hardware feedback and dynamic parameter correction.

[0115] If the phase value exceeds the range, set an extreme value and generate an early warning; otherwise, set the phase value directly.

[0116] In this application, if the calculated phase value is within the range, the phase value of the phase shifter is directly set; if it exceeds the range, it is set to the maximum / minimum value of the phase shifter, and an early warning is generated. The beam pointing of the array is directly related to the phase difference of each unit. The control module calculates the required phase value for each channel using the phase difference and a pre-stored array geometric parameter table, combined with the current signal wavelength λ, to ensure that the phase adjustment matches the array's physical structure. The phase adjustment range of the phase shifter is limited by its physical design. If the calculated phase value exceeds this range, the control module sets the phase value to the maximum value of the phase shifter and sends an early warning to the main control system via the bus to prevent performance degradation caused by out-of-range adjustment of the phase shifter.

[0117] In one embodiment, the phase calibration judgment mechanism works in conjunction with the temperature sensor of the phase shifter in the T / R component 202 to dynamically correct the effective adjustable range by reading the phase shifter temperature drift coefficient in real time.

[0118] In one embodiment, the phase calibration judgment mechanism achieves dynamic phase locking and overload protection for the phase shifter of the T / R component 202 by analyzing the target azimuth angle, retrieving array geometric parameters to calculate the phase quantity, and querying the adjustable range of the phase shifter.

[0119] Example 6:

[0120] See Figure 3 The beam control unit 201 includes a first unit and a second unit; wherein, the first unit is used to generate a phase shift command in response to the T / R component 202 according to the operating frequency; the second unit is used to receive the phase shift of the T / R component 202, determine the target weighting parameters of the broadband feed network 203 at the target angle, and generate a linear phase gradient command fed back to the T / R component 202 according to the target weighting parameters.

[0121] In this application, the first unit calculates the required phase shift command by using a pre-stored frequency-wavelength mapping table and combining it with the target beam pointing θ (input from an external sensor), thereby avoiding beam pointing deviation caused by frequency changes.

[0122] In this application, the second unit receives the actual phase shift amount fed back by the T / R component 202 to retrieve the angle-weighted parameter mapping table and determines the target weighted parameters of the broadband feed network 203. Subsequently, according to the linear phase gradient formula, the phase gradient step size of the T / R component 202 is adjusted to make the phase of each unit change according to a linear law, forming a beam pointing to θ.

[0123] In one embodiment, the first unit and the second unit are two independent logic processing modules, integrated in different logic partitions of the same FPGA chip, and interconnected through an internal high-speed bus.

[0124] In one embodiment, the initial phase shift generated by the first unit is transmitted to the second unit in real time via the AXI4 bus. The second unit compares this initial phase shift with the actual phase shift fed back by the T / R component 202, calculates the deviation value, fits the deviation curve using the least squares method, generates a correction coefficient, and feeds it back to the first unit. The first unit dynamically adjusts the subsequent phase shift calculations based on the correction coefficient. This prevents tracking errors caused by closed-loop lag.

[0125] In one embodiment, the phase shift command of the first unit is sent to the T / R component 202 via a high-speed serial control bus, and the linear phase gradient command of the second unit is sent synchronously to the same bus. The phase shifter of the T / R component 202 sets a coarse adjustment value according to the initial phase shift command, and the linear phase gradient command performs fine adjustment. Seamless connection is achieved through the priority logic inside the T / R component 202 to prevent phase jumps caused by command conflicts.

[0126] In one embodiment, the phase shift command of the first unit determines the second unit, and the linear phase gradient command of the second unit corrects the deviation of the first unit. When the UAV target moves rapidly, the first unit generates a coarse adjustment command based on the real-time frequency and angle, and the second unit simultaneously generates a fine adjustment command based on the feedback deviation of the previous moment. The combined control of the two commands reduces the beam tracking lag time from 80ns for the first unit alone to 30ns, thereby enabling high-speed tracking and countermeasures against high-speed targets.

[0127] Example 7:

[0128] See Figure 3The target weighting parameters are calculated and determined by the Taylor amplitude weighting mechanism deployed in the beam control unit 201. The Taylor amplitude weighting mechanism generates an amplitude weighting model at the target angle based on the difference between the real-time sidelobe level and the preset sidelobe level of the dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element 10 and the minimum value of the equal sidelobe number of the real-time dual-sided Vivaldi antenna element 10. The amplitude weighting model includes the first amplitude weighting of the unequal power divider under the received signal and the second amplitude weighting of the variable gain amplifier under the transmitted signal.

[0129] In this application, Taylor amplitude weighting is a classic method for suppressing sidelobes in antenna array design. Its core is to control the sidelobe level within a preset range by using non-uniform amplitude weighting (such as low amplitude of edge elements and high amplitude of center elements).

[0130] The specific formula for Taylor amplitude weighting is:

[0131] ;

[0132] in, For the number of array elements, Number of terms to expand ( =N-1), where N represents the number of equal sidelobes of the antenna. By adjusting the coefficient, the sidelobe level is suppressed while ensuring that the main lobe gain loss is less than the preset value. Weighting coefficient matrix, A positive integer, indicating the weighted index;

[0133] In this application, the power divider of the wideband feed network 203 in the receiving link adopts an unequal power division design and is matched with the adjusted Taylor weighting coefficients. After the signal received by each antenna element is distributed by the power divider, the amplitude is adjusted according to the weighting model, thereby suppressing sidelobes.

[0134] In this application, the variable gain amplifier of the transmit link T / R component 202 adjusts the gain of each channel according to a weighted model to make the transmitted signal amplitude consistent with the Taylor weighting coefficient. After radiation, the sidelobe level of the antenna array is suppressed, and the main lobe gain is increased.

[0135] In one embodiment, the first amplitude weighting is achieved by adjusting the attenuation coefficient of each power divider port of the wideband power supply network 203 at the receiver end to suppress receiver noise and interference by amplitude weighting of the received signal.

[0136] In one embodiment, the second amplitude weighting is a variable gain amplifier at the transmitter for the T / R component 202, which dynamically adjusts the transmit power distribution according to the Taylor coefficient to concentrate the power in the main lobe direction.

[0137] In one embodiment, the Taylor amplitude weighting mechanism is deployed in the second unit of the beam control unit 201. The calculated weighting parameters and the phase shift command of the first unit achieve joint optimization of amplitude and phase: the first unit calculates the main lobe direction of the phase quantity according to the target angle, and the second unit calculates the amplitude coefficient through the Taylor weighting mechanism to suppress sidelobes. The results are synchronously transmitted to the T / R component 202 through the AXI4 bus to avoid beam distortion caused by amplitude-phase mismatch.

[0138] In one embodiment, the phase error corrected by the phase calibration judgment mechanism provides a stable phase basis for Taylor weighting, avoiding sidelobe rise caused by phase error; at the same time, the amplitude coefficient of Taylor weighting mechanism is fed back to the phase calibration judgment mechanism to dynamically adjust the minimum value of the equal sidelobe number calculated by phase quantity.

[0139] Example 8:

[0140] See Figure 3 Taylor's magnitude weighting mechanism is also used for:

[0141] When the beam control unit 201 receives the sidelobe suppression command, it parses the weighting type, retrieves the weighting-amplitude coefficient table to calculate the amplitude value and attenuation of each channel, and queries the adjustable range of the attenuator.

[0142] If the attenuation exceeds the range, set an extreme value and generate an early warning; otherwise, set the attenuation value directly.

[0143] In this application, the beam control unit 201 generates sidelobe suppression instructions based on the UAV countermeasure requirements, which include a weighting type field. After parsing this field, the Taylor amplitude weighting mechanism retrieves the corresponding weighted amplitude coefficient table from the storage module as the basis for subsequent calculations. Based on the parsed weighting type, the mechanism obtains the target amplitude value for each channel from the coefficient table. Simultaneously, based on the reference amplitude of the current transmit / receive link, it calculates the required attenuation for each channel.

[0144] In this application, the adjustable range of the attenuator is determined by its hardware characteristics. After querying this range, the mechanism compares it with the calculated attenuation. If the attenuation exceeds the range, the attenuator is set to an extreme value, and a warning is sent to the main control system via the bus; if the attenuation does not exceed the range, the attenuation value is set directly.

[0145] In one embodiment, the sidelobe suppression command received from the beam control unit 201 is based on a high-speed serial bus command transmission protocol, Manchester encoding is used to ensure command integrity, and the parsing logic is implemented through a state machine to achieve recognition of multiple weighted types.

[0146] In one embodiment, during the retrieval of the weighted amplitude coefficient table and the calculation of attenuation, the weighted amplitude coefficient table is pre-stored in the EEPROM of the beam control unit 201, which includes the amplitude coefficient mapping relationship of different weighting types and frequency bands and the calculation of attenuation.

[0147] In one embodiment, during the response to the enhanced sidelobe suppression command from the beam control unit 201, the system switches to Chebyshev weighting with higher sidelobe suppression and dynamically adjusts the attenuator by calculating the attenuation amount. This achieves sidelobe suppression to prevent repeated storage and collaboratively shortens the coefficient retrieval delay.

[0148] In one embodiment, the phase error corrected by the phase calibration judgment mechanism provides an accurate amplitude coefficient basis for attenuation calculation. The phase error will cause the amplitude coefficient to deviate. After phase calibration, the accuracy of the amplitude coefficient is improved, which reduces the error of attenuation calculation. At the same time, the attenuator setting result is fed back to the phase calibration judgment mechanism to dynamically adjust the amplitude weight of phase calculation.

[0149] In one embodiment, the attenuator is integrated into the radio frequency link of the T / R component 202. The attenuation is directly controlled by the attenuator via the SPI interface. The low insertion loss of the high-frequency coaxial connector ensures that the attenuated signal can still be efficiently transmitted to the antenna unit. The shielding layer of the connector is designed to be coplanar with the grounding layer of the attenuator, which suppresses electromagnetic interference when the attenuator switches and also allows sidelobe suppression and attenuator adjustment to be optimized simultaneously.

[0150] Example 9:

[0151] See Figure 3 The beam control unit 201 is equipped with a control command generation and judgment mechanism;

[0152] Among them, after receiving the target data from the target device, the target azimuth and frequency are analyzed, and the scanning range and bandwidth constraints are retrieved for verification.

[0153] If the azimuth angle is out of range, it will be corrected to the boundary value; if the frequency is out of range, it will be ignored and an error log will be generated.

[0154] Otherwise, generate the corresponding azimuth and frequency band command and send it to the T / R component 202.

[0155] In this application, the target device (UAV detection radar) sends target data to the beam control unit 201, which then analyzes the data to extract the azimuth and frequency. Subsequently, pre-stored scanning range and bandwidth constraints are retrieved for verification. The scanning range of the linear array is limited by the array design. If the target azimuth exceeds the range, grating lobes will appear in the beam pointing.

[0156] In this application, the mechanism corrects the azimuth angle to a boundary value after parsing, ensuring the beam pointing remains within the effective scanning range (concentrated main lobe energy and controllable side lobe levels). The operating bandwidth of the antenna array is determined by the structure of the Vivaldi antenna, specifically the length of the tapered slot line. If the target frequency exceeds the preset bandwidth, the antenna's radiation efficiency will decrease significantly, effectively interfering with the UAV. The mechanism ignores this frequency command and generates an error log, alerting the operator that the target may be located in an inactive frequency band.

[0157] In one embodiment, when the azimuth angle is out of range, it is corrected to the nearest boundary value using a linear interpolation algorithm to correct the error. The error correction is achieved by fitting the boundary transition curve using the least squares method. When the frequency is out of range, an error log is triggered. The error log includes a timestamp, target ID, and out-of-range frequency value. The log is uploaded to the system monitoring terminal via the RS-485 bus. At the same time, the transmission of the target command is suspended to reduce unnecessary power consumption.

[0158] In one embodiment, the azimuth command and frequency band allocation command are encoded in 16-bit binary and sent to the T / R component 202 via a high-speed serial control bus to achieve multi-target command queuing.

[0159] In one embodiment, the azimuth command generated by the control command generation and judgment mechanism needs to be verified by the Taylor amplitude weighting mechanism. When the command is generated, a larger sidelobe suppression margin is reserved. If the verification fails, the judgment mechanism automatically adjusts the azimuth correction value so that the Taylor weighted sidelobe level is less than the preset value, avoiding sidelobe rise during boundary scanning.

[0160] In one embodiment, the adjustable range of the phase shifter in the phase calibration judgment mechanism provides hardware constraints for the control command generation judgment mechanism. The resolved azimuth angle needs to be converted into a phase quantity and verified to be within the range of the phase shifter. If it exceeds the range, the judgment mechanism corrects the azimuth angle in advance to prevent the phase calibration judgment mechanism from triggering extreme value settings in the future.

[0161] In one embodiment, the control command generation and judgment mechanism is deployed in the second unit of the beam control unit 201. The resolved azimuth angle and frequency are transmitted to the first unit via the AXI4 bus. The first unit generates an initial phase shift command based on this. The second unit also receives hardware status feedback from the first unit and dynamically adjusts the constraint verification threshold to improve command accuracy.

[0162] Example 10:

[0163] The clocks of different components of the T / R component 202 are synchronized, and the beam control unit 201 periodically reads the channel phase and amplitude status of each T / R component 202, calculates the average deviation, and verifies whether it exceeds the preset threshold.

[0164] If the threshold is exceeded, a correction command is generated and sent to the corresponding T / R component 202; otherwise, the state is maintained.

[0165] In this application, the clock of the T / R component 202 is the core of the control signal transmission and reception timing (the phase adjustment of the transmitted signal must be based on a unified clock reference). If the clocks are not synchronized, the delay difference corresponding to the same phase command in different components will be amplified, resulting in a deviation between the actual phase difference and the command value. By synchronizing the clocks (the clock period of all components is unified to 10ns), the timing reference difference is eliminated, ensuring the consistency of the phase command.

[0166] In this application, the beam control unit 201 periodically reads the real-time phase and amplitude of each T / R component 202 via a bus. It calculates the average phase and average amplitude, and then calculates the deviation of each channel from the average value. A preset threshold is determined by the performance requirements of the antenna array. If the phase deviation of a channel exceeds the threshold, the beam control unit 201 generates a correction command and sends it to the T / R component 202 to adjust its phase shifter value; if the deviation does not exceed the threshold, no adjustment is made, and the current state is maintained.

[0167] In one embodiment, the clock synchronization structure is used to ensure the consistency of the signal's time base: the channel phase / amplitude data of each T / R component 202 are sampled based on the same master clock to prevent deviation calculation errors caused by different channel data being collected at different times during asynchronous reading; periodic reading utilizes the low jitter characteristics of clock synchronization to ensure that the phase / amplitude data read each time has temporal coherence, reducing errors.

[0168] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband, large scanning angle Vivaldi antenna array for drone countermeasures, comprising double-sided Vivaldi antenna units arranged in an interleaved array structure, characterized in that: the double-sided Vivaldi antenna units are electrically connected to a wideband circuit control module; wherein the wideband circuit control module comprises a wideband feed network, a T / R component, and a beam control unit; the end of the wideband feed network is directly coupled to the double-sided Vivaldi antenna units; wherein the double-sided Vivaldi antenna units respond to the wideband signal distribution instructions of the wideband feed network; the radio frequency output end of the T / R component is connected to the power division port of the wideband feed network, and the radio frequency input end of the T / R component is connected to the combining port of the wideband feed network; the beam control unit is electrically connected to the control end of the T / R component through a high-speed serial control bus; wherein the T / R component responds to the control instructions of the beam control unit, and the control instructions include azimuth instructions and frequency band instructions; the wideband feed network comprises a multi-section impedance transformation power divider; wherein the multi-section impedance transformation power divider is used to dynamically respond to at least one frequency band distribution signal output by the T / R component; the wideband feed network is configured with a frequency band instruction response judgment mechanism; wherein when the wideband feed network receives the first control instruction containing target frequency band information sent by the beam control unit through the high-speed serial control bus, the first control instruction is parsed, and the frequency band range parameter is determined, the frequency band range parameter corresponds to the power divider impedance transformation section parameter and the signal distribution ratio; verify whether the current double-sided Vivaldi antenna unit meets the working bandwidth constraint condition; if the verification is passed, the impedance transformation section of the multi-section impedance transformation power divider is switched to the parameter configuration of any frequency band within the frequency band range parameter, and the adjustment of the signal distribution ratio is completed; if the verification fails, the wideband feed network ignores the first control instruction; the T / R component comprises a high-frequency coaxial connector; wherein when the high-frequency coaxial connector responds to the first signal of the wideband feed network, the phase shift parameter and the attenuation parameter are determined, and the frequency band distribution signal is generated according to the phase shift parameter and the attenuation parameter; wherein the first signal is a transmission signal; when the high-frequency coaxial connector responds to the second signal of the wideband feed network, the phase difference of different signals is determined, and the target signal is synthesized according to the phase difference; wherein the second signal is a reception signal; the T / R component is configured with a phase calibration judgment mechanism; wherein when receiving the azimuth instruction of the beam control unit, the control module parses the target azimuth angle, retrieves the array geometry parameter to calculate the phase amount of each channel, and queries the adjustable range of the phase shifter; if the phase amount exceeds the range, set the extreme value and generate a warning, otherwise directly set the phase value. The beam control unit comprises a first unit and a second unit; wherein the first unit is used to generate the phase shift amount instruction of the T / R component response according to the working frequency; the second unit is used to receive the phase shift amount of the T / R component, determine the target weighting parameter of the wideband feed network under the target angle, and generate the linear phase gradual change instruction fed back to the T / R component according to the target weighting parameter. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. The ultra-wideband, large scan angle Vivaldi antenna array for drone countermeasures of claim 1, wherein, ​ 3. The ultra-wideband, large scan angle Vivaldi antenna array for drone countermeasures of claim 2, wherein, The target weighting parameter is determined by a Taylor amplitude weighting mechanism deployed in the beam control unit; wherein the Taylor amplitude weighting mechanism generates an amplitude weighting model at a target angle based on a difference between a real-time sidelobe level of the double-sided Vivaldi antenna unit and a preset sidelobe level and a minimum value of an equal-sidelobe number of the real-time double-sided Vivaldi antenna unit, and the amplitude weighting model includes a first amplitude weighting of an unequal power divider under a received signal and a second amplitude weighting of a variable gain amplifier under a transmitted signal.

4. The ultra-wideband, large scan angle Vivaldi antenna array for drone countermeasures of claim 3, wherein, The Taylor amplitude weighting mechanism is further configured to: When receiving a sidelobe suppression instruction of the beam control unit, analyze the weighting type, call a weighting-amplitude coefficient table to calculate amplitude values and attenuation amounts of each channel, and query an adjustable range of the attenuator; if the attenuation amount exceeds the range, set an extreme value and generate a warning, otherwise directly set the attenuation value.

5. The ultra-wideband, large scan angle Vivaldi antenna array for drone countermeasures of claim 3, wherein, The beam control unit is configured with a control instruction generation judgment mechanism; wherein after receiving target data of a target device, the target azimuth and frequency are analyzed, the scanning range and bandwidth constraint are verified; if the azimuth exceeds the range, the boundary value is corrected, and if the frequency exceeds the range, it is ignored and an error log is generated; otherwise, the corresponding azimuth and frequency band instructions are generated and sent to the T / R component.

6. The ultra-wideband, large scan angle Vivaldi antenna array for drone countermeasures of claim 1, wherein, The different components of the T / R component are clocked synchronously, and the beam control unit regularly reads the channel phase and amplitude state of each T / R component, calculates the average deviation and verifies whether it exceeds the preset threshold; if the threshold is exceeded, a correction instruction is generated and sent to the corresponding T / R component, otherwise the state is maintained.

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