High-sensitivity temperature compensation Hall switch device

Abstract

The invention provides a high-sensitivity temperature compensation Hall switch device. The high-sensitivity temperature compensation Hall switch device comprises a Hall switch module, a temperature compensation module, a signal processing module and a power management module. The Hall switch module comprises a Hall element, a pre-amplifier and a comparator and is used for detecting and amplifying an external magnetic field signal; the temperature compensation module comprises a temperature sensor, a compensation controller and a compensation element and is used for realizing accurate temperature compensation; the signal processing module comprises a filter and a logic control unit, and is used for filtering noise and generating a final switch control signal; the power management module comprises a main power supply and a standby power supply to ensure stable power supply. The device can improve the temperature compensation precision, enhance the switch sensitivity, reduce the power consumption, and meet the high-precision and high-reliability requirements of modern electronic equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of Hall switch technology, specifically a high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of Hall switch technology, high sensitivity and temperature compensation performance have gradually become key requirements in Hall switch applications. However, existing Hall switch devices still have some shortcomings in terms of sensitivity and temperature compensation, affecting their stability and reliability in complex environments.

[0003] Chinese patent CN113411074B discloses a Hall sensor switch and electronic device, including a Hall element, a comparator module, and a temperature compensation module. This technical solution improves the stability of the Hall sensor switch by inputting a compensation current to the first output terminal of the Hall element, making the magnetic field magnitude corresponding to the flipping of the switch control signal output by the comparator module independent of the temperature coefficient of the Hall element's sensitivity. However, this technical solution has the following shortcomings: the temperature compensation module adjusts the output of the Hall element by inputting a compensation current, which may be insufficiently compensated in high-temperature environments, resulting in the stability of the switch control signal still being significantly affected. This solution mainly focuses on the stability of the switch control signal and does not specifically describe the improvement of the Hall switch's sensitivity, thus failing to meet the requirements of high-sensitivity applications.

[0004] Chinese patent CN114094952B discloses a low-temperature drift linear Hall amplifier circuit and its temperature compensation method. The patent describes a low-temperature drift linear Hall amplifier circuit including a temperature sensor, a register, an interpolator, a low-dropout regulator, a Hall device, and a preamplifier. This technical solution automatically adjusts the sensitivity to ±0.5% across the entire temperature range through real-time temperature compensation. Furthermore, after two temperature compensations, the bias voltage of the Hall device is higher than that of the traditional current-mode method, resulting in higher initial sensitivity and a higher signal-to-noise ratio for the linear Hall sensor. However, this technical solution has the following shortcomings: it mainly focuses on the low-temperature drift and sensitivity adjustment of the Hall amplifier circuit, without specifically describing the specific application scenarios and reliability improvements for switching control. The temperature compensation method is relatively complex, requiring multiple components to work together, which may lead to increased cost and decreased reliability.

[0005] The aforementioned problems indicate that existing Hall effect switch devices still have certain shortcomings in terms of temperature compensation accuracy, high sensitivity, and reliable switching control. Therefore, this invention provides a high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall effect switch device, aiming to optimize the temperature compensation method, improve the sensitivity and reliability of the Hall effect switch, and meet the high precision and high reliability requirements of modern electronic equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall effect switch device. This solves the problems of insufficient temperature compensation, poor stability of the switch control signal, and insufficient sensitivity improvement in existing Hall effect switches under high-temperature environments, as well as the complexity, increased cost, and decreased reliability associated with temperature compensation methods. This invention aims to provide a novel solution that optimizes temperature compensation methods and improves the sensitivity and reliability of Hall effect switches, meeting the high precision and high reliability requirements of modern electronic devices.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0008] A high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device, comprising:

[0009] A Hall switch module includes a Hall element for sensing changes in magnetic field and outputting a weak electrical signal, a preamplifier electrically connected to the Hall element to amplify its output signal, and a comparator electrically connected to the preamplifier to compare the amplified signal with a preset threshold.

[0010] The temperature compensation module includes a temperature sensor for monitoring the ambient temperature of the device, a compensation controller electrically connected to the temperature sensor to receive temperature data and obtain compensation parameters, and a compensation element electrically connected to the compensation controller to perform temperature compensation on the Hall switch module.

[0011] The signal processing module includes a filter electrically connected to the comparator to filter its output signal, and a logic control unit electrically connected to the filter to perform logical operations and control on the filtered signal.

[0012] The power management module includes a main power supply for providing power support for the normal operation of the device, and a backup power supply for providing temporary power support for the device in the event of a main power supply failure or power outage.

[0013] The Hall element is connected to the preamplifier via a low-noise, high-gain operational amplifier.

[0014] The temperature sensor is mounted close to the Hall element; the compensation controller is communicatively connected to both the temperature sensor and the compensation element.

[0015] The compensation element includes a variable resistor connected in parallel to the output of the Hall element and a variable capacitor connected in parallel to the input of the preamplifier, which are used to dynamically adjust the electrical characteristics of the Hall switch module.

[0016] The input terminal of the filter is connected to the output terminal of the comparator to filter the signal; the input terminal of the logic control unit is connected to the output terminal of the filter to process the filtered signal; the filter is a second-order low-pass filter, and the logic control unit is a CMOS logic circuit.

[0017] The main power input terminal is connected to the mains power, and the backup power is a lithium battery; the main power and backup power output terminals are respectively connected to the corresponding input terminals of the power switching device, and the output terminal of the power switching device is connected to the power module of the device. The power switching device is a bidirectional MOSFET switch used to switch the power supply according to the main power supply status.

[0018] The Hall switch module also includes a temperature detection element integrated with a temperature sensor, which is connected to a compensation controller via a signal line to transmit temperature data.

[0019] The compensation controller is equipped with an adaptive compensation algorithm module, which is connected to the digital signal processor (DSP) via a data bus. The adaptive compensation algorithm module transmits digital compensation parameters to the digital-to-analog converter (DAC), which converts them into analog signals to adjust the values ​​of the compensation elements.

[0020] The signal processing module also includes a gain adjustment module that connects the preamplifier and the logic control unit. The gain adjustment module acquires the output signal of the preamplifier through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and converts it into a digital signal. The digital signal processor (DSP) analyzes and processes the signal to calculate the gain value, and then converts it into an analog signal through a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to adjust the gain of the preamplifier.

[0021] The power management module also includes a low-power management module, which is connected to the main power supply and the backup power supply, and monitors the output signal status of the comparator in the Hall switch module in real time.

[0022] The structural composition, implementation method, and operating principle of this invention are as follows:

[0023] Temperature Compensation Module: The temperature sensor detects the ambient temperature near the Hall element in real time and transmits the temperature data to the compensation controller. Based on the temperature data, the compensation controller calculates the optimal compensation parameters using a lookup table or formula. It then outputs an analog signal via a DAC to adjust the values ​​of the variable resistor and variable capacitor, thereby adjusting the output signal of the Hall element and the gain of the preamplifier. When the temperature changes, the compensation controller dynamically adjusts the compensation parameters through an adaptive compensation algorithm module to ensure that the Hall switch maintains a stable output signal under different temperatures. The temperature sensor has a measurement range of -40℃ to 125℃ with an accuracy of ±0.5℃; the compensation controller's response time is 10ms; and the adaptive compensation algorithm module updates at a frequency of 1Hz with a compensation accuracy of ±0.1%.

[0024] Hall effect switch module: The Hall element detects external magnetic field signals and outputs a weak electrical signal; the preamplifier amplifies the electrical signal and outputs the amplified signal; the comparator compares the amplified signal with a preset threshold to generate a switch control signal. Gain adjustment module: The ADC monitors the preamplifier's output signal in real time, the DSP calculates the optimal gain value, and the DAC outputs an analog signal to adjust the preamplifier's gain, improving the Hall switch's sensitivity. The connection between the Hall element and the preamplifier uses a low-noise, high-gain operational amplifier to ensure no signal distortion during amplification.

[0025] Signal processing module: The filter removes noise and interference signals from the comparator output switching control signal, generating a clean switching control signal; the logic control unit performs logic processing on the filtered switching control signal to generate the final switching control signal. The filter is a second-order low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 1kHz, a passband ripple of 0.1dB, and a stopband attenuation of 40dB / dec; the logic control unit uses CMOS logic circuits with a response time of 1ns.

[0026] Power Management Module: The main power supply connects to AC mains, providing a stable operating voltage; the backup power supply is a lithium battery, providing backup power; the power switching device automatically switches to the backup power supply when the main power supply fails, ensuring the normal operation of all modules. The low-power management module shuts down unnecessary modules in low-power mode, reducing overall power consumption and extending the backup power supply's runtime. The main power supply output voltage is 5V±5%, and the backup power supply output voltage is 5V±1%; the switching time of the power switching device is less than 100μs; the low-power management module consumes 10μW, and in low-power mode, it consumes 100μW.

[0027] Temperature sensing element: The temperature sensing element is integrated with the temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the Hall element in real time, providing more accurate temperature data and improving the accuracy of temperature compensation. The temperature sensing element has a measurement range of -40℃ to 125℃ and an accuracy of ±0.2℃. The temperature sensing element is connected to the compensation controller via a signal line to provide real-time temperature data.

[0028] Adaptive Compensation Algorithm Module: This module monitors the output signal of the Hall element in real time, combines it with temperature data, and calculates the optimal compensation parameters using a fitting algorithm. The resulting analog signal is output via a DAC to adjust the values ​​of the compensation element, achieving more accurate temperature compensation. The adaptive compensation algorithm module updates at 1Hz and has a compensation accuracy of ±0.1%.

[0029] Gain Adjustment Module: The gain adjustment module uses an ADC to detect the preamplifier's output signal in real time, calculates the optimal gain value using a DSP, outputs an analog signal via a DAC, and adjusts the preamplifier's gain to improve the Hall switch's sensitivity. The gain adjustment module has an adjustment range of 1 to 100 and an adjustment accuracy of ±0.1.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0031] 1. High-precision temperature compensation: Through the coordinated operation of the temperature sensor and compensation controller, accurate temperature compensation can be achieved at different temperatures, ensuring the stability and reliability of the Hall switch in high-temperature environments. The compensation accuracy is ±0.1%, and the response time is 10ms, significantly improving the temperature stability of the Hall switch.

[0032] 2. Dynamic Gain Adjustment: The gain adjustment module dynamically adjusts the preamplifier gain based on the output signal strength of the Hall element, improving the sensitivity of the Hall switch and meeting the requirements of high-sensitivity applications. The gain adjustment range is 1 to 100, with an adjustment accuracy of ±0.1, ensuring optimal performance under different magnetic field strengths.

[0033] 3. Low-power management: The low-power management module shuts down unnecessary modules in low-power mode, reducing overall power consumption and extending the backup power supply's runtime. This results in a longer lifespan for Hall switches in battery-powered applications. Power consumption in low-power mode is 100μW, significantly reducing power consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is an overall schematic diagram of the high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a detailed structural diagram of the Hall switch module of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a detailed structural diagram of the temperature compensation module of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a detailed structural diagram of the signal processing module of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a detailed structural diagram of the power management module of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated temperature detection element and temperature sensor of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive compensation algorithm module of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the gain adjustment module of the present invention;

[0044] In the picture:

[0045] 1-Hall switch module, 11-Hall element, 12-Preamplifier, 13-Comparator, 14-Temperature detection element;

[0046] 2-Temperature compensation module, 21-Temperature sensor, 22-Compensation controller, 23-Compensation element, 231-Variable resistor, 232-Variable capacitor, 24-Adaptive compensation algorithm module.

[0047] 3-Signal processing module, 31-Filter, 32-Logic control unit, 33-Gain adjustment module;

[0048] 4-Power management module, 41-Main power supply, 42-Backup power supply, 43-Power switching device, 44-Low power management module. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection is not limited to what is described.

[0050] Example

[0051] Taking the typical application scenario of automotive engine magnetic field detection as an example, referring to Figures 1 to 10

[0052] This high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device consists of a Hall switch module 1, a temperature compensation module 2, a signal processing module 3, and a power management module 4. These modules are interconnected through a carefully designed circuit to collaboratively complete the tasks of magnetic field detection and signal processing.

[0053] The Hall switch module 1 serves as the source of magnetic field signal induction. Its output is connected to the input of the filter 31 of the signal processing module 3 via a signal line, transmitting the pre-processed magnetic field induction signal to the signal processing module 3. Meanwhile, the temperature detection element 14 in the Hall switch module 1 is connected to the compensation controller 22 of the temperature compensation module 2 via a dedicated signal line, providing real-time temperature data for temperature compensation.

[0054] The compensation controller 22 of the temperature compensation module 2 is connected to the compensation element 23 via a circuit. Based on the received temperature data, the compensation parameters are calculated by looking up a table or formula to perform temperature compensation on the Hall switch module 1.

[0055] After receiving the signal from the Hall switch module 1, the signal processing module 3 filters the signal through the filter 31 and processes it through the logic control unit 32, finally outputting the processed signal. The gain adjustment module 33 is connected to both the preamplifier 12 and the logic control unit 32, and dynamically adjusts the gain of the preamplifier 12 according to the instructions of the logic control unit 32 and the output signal of the preamplifier 12.

[0056] The power management module 4 is connected to the Hall switch module 1, temperature compensation module 2, and signal processing module 3 via a power line to provide power support for the main power supply 41 and the backup power supply 42. The main and backup power supplies are switched through the power switching device 43. The low power management module 44 monitors the device's operating status in real time and reasonably controls the power supply and power consumption.

[0057] Hall switch module 1

[0058] The Hall element 11 is installed in the magnetic field detection area to detect external magnetic field signals. Employing a high-sensitivity Hall chip, it can keenly sense changes in the external magnetic field and convert them into a weak electrical signal based on the Hall effect. In automotive engine magnetic field detection applications, the Hall element 11 is installed close to the engine's magnetic field source, in a location where it can effectively sense changes in the magnetic field. From... Figure 2 As can be clearly seen in the detailed structural diagram of the Hall switch module shown, the Hall element 11 is located at the bottom layer of the module.

[0059] To ensure signal quality during transmission, a preamplifier 12 is connected above the Hall element 11 via a low-noise, high-gain operational amplifier. This connection method guarantees the quality of weak electrical signals during transmission, as the operational amplifier amplifies the signal while suppressing noise interference. In the actual circuit board layout, the preamplifier 12 is positioned close to the Hall element 11 above it to shorten the signal transmission path and reduce signal loss. This operational amplifier has a voltage noise density as low as 1.3 nV / Hz, a current noise density of 0.8 pA / Hz, and a voltage gain of up to 1000 times, effectively amplifying weak signals while suppressing noise interference to the greatest extent possible.

[0060] A comparator 13 is connected above the preamplifier 12 to compare the amplified signal with a preset threshold. That is, the preamplifier 12 initially amplifies the weak signal output by the Hall element 11 and transmits it to the comparator 13. The comparator 13 has a precise preset threshold set inside. When the received amplified signal exceeds the threshold, it can generate a switch control signal at an extremely fast speed, such as a response time of only 0.5μs.

[0061] In addition, such as Figure 6 The diagram shows the integrated structure of the temperature sensing element and temperature sensor of the present invention. To achieve accurate temperature compensation, the Hall switch module 1 also includes a temperature sensing element 14 integrated with the temperature sensor 21. The two are tightly fitted together with the Hall element 11, enabling real-time and accurate monitoring of the operating temperature of the Hall element 11. The temperature sensing element 14 has a measurement range of -40℃ to 125℃, with an accuracy of ±0.2℃, and transmits the real-time temperature data stably to the compensation controller 22 via a dedicated signal line.

[0062] Temperature compensation module 2

[0063] Temperature sensor 21 is mounted close to Hall element 11, such as Figure 3 The diagram shows a detailed structural schematic of the temperature compensation module of the present invention. The temperature sensor 21 is positioned close to the Hall element 11, which allows for rapid and accurate detection of the ambient temperature around the Hall element 11.

[0064] The compensation controller 22 is connected to the temperature sensor 21 and the compensation element 23 via a circuit. The compensation controller 22 is usually placed close to the temperature sensor 21 and the compensation element 23 to reduce signal transmission delay and ensure that the parameters of the compensation element 23 can be adjusted in a timely manner according to the temperature data to achieve temperature compensation.

[0065] The compensation element 23 includes a variable resistor 231 and a variable capacitor 232. The resistance of the variable resistor 231 can be adjusted from 100 ohms to 10,000 ohms, and the capacitance of the variable capacitor 232 can be adjusted from 1pF to 100pF. They are connected in parallel to the output terminal of the Hall element 11 and the input terminal of the preamplifier 12, respectively, to adjust the output signal of the Hall element 11 and the gain of the preamplifier 12, thereby realizing the dynamic adjustment of the electrical characteristics of the Hall switch module 1 and effectively compensating for the influence of temperature changes on the performance of the Hall element.

[0066] The compensation controller 22 also includes an adaptive compensation algorithm module 24, which is connected to the DSP via a data bus. The adaptive compensation algorithm module 24 is used to dynamically adjust the compensation parameters based on the output signal and temperature data of the Hall element 11 to achieve more accurate temperature compensation.

[0067] The compensation controller 22 is implemented using a digital signal processor (DSP). After acquiring the real-time temperature data from the temperature sensor 21, the DSP can calculate the compensation parameters in the following ways: 1. Lookup table method: A temperature-compensation parameter correspondence table is pre-established in the DSP's memory. This table is obtained during the product development phase by testing the Hall element at different temperatures and recording the optimal compensation parameters for each temperature point. When the DSP receives the real-time temperature data from the temperature sensor 21, it will look up the temperature value closest to the current temperature in the table and then directly call the corresponding compensation parameters. For example, if the current temperature is 25℃, the table will find a set of variable resistor values ​​and variable capacitor values ​​corresponding to 25℃; this set of values ​​is the compensation parameter to be output. 2. Formula method: A mathematical model is established based on the temperature characteristics of the Hall element to obtain the functional relationship between the compensation parameters and the temperature. Assuming that the output deviation of the Hall element is linearly related to the temperature, the formula can be established: C = aT + b, where C is the compensation parameter, which can be the variable resistor value or the variable capacitor value, etc., T is the real-time temperature measured by the temperature sensor 21, and a and b are coefficients obtained by fitting experimental data. Once the DSP acquires the temperature T, it substitutes it into the formula to calculate the corresponding compensation parameter C. If the actual temperature characteristics are more complex, a more complex function form, such as a polynomial, can be used. After calculating the compensation parameter, the DSP outputs an analog signal through a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), which then adjusts the values ​​of the variable resistor 231 and the variable capacitor 232 to achieve temperature compensation. The temperature sensor 21 has a measurement range of -40℃ to 125℃ and an accuracy of ±0.5℃; the compensation controller 22 has a response time of 10ms.

[0068] The adaptive compensation algorithm module 24 monitors the output signal of the Hall element 11 in real time and combines it with the temperature data from the temperature sensor to calculate the optimal compensation parameters using a fitting algorithm. The specific process is as follows: 1. Data collection and preprocessing. First, the output signal value sequence {S} of the Hall element 11 is continuously collected over a certain period of time. i}(i=1,2,…,n) and the corresponding temperature value sequence {T i Since the collected data may contain noise, it needs to be filtered first, for example, using median filtering or Gaussian filtering, to remove outliers and high-frequency noise, resulting in a smoother data sequence. 2. Establish a fitting model. Assuming that the Hall element output signal S has a certain functional relationship with temperature T, S = f(T), common fitting models include linear models (f(T) = aT + b) and polynomial models, such as the quadratic polynomial f(T) = aT 2+bT+c, etc. Based on the characteristics of the Hall element and experience, a suitable model is initially selected. If uncertain, multiple models can be tried. 3. Solving for model parameters. The model parameters are solved using methods such as the least squares method. Taking a linear model as an example, the goal of the least squares method is to find parameters a and b such that... Minimize. By taking the partial derivatives of this equation with respect to a and b respectively and setting them to 0, we can obtain a system of equations with respect to a and b. Solving the system of equations will give us the parameters of the fitted line. For more complex models, based on the principle of least squares, iterative algorithms, such as gradient descent, are used to continuously adjust the parameters to minimize the error between the model output and the actual data. 4. Calculate the optimal compensation parameters. After obtaining the fitted model, based on the current real-time temperature T... cur Substitute the values ​​into the model to calculate the theoretical output signal value S of the Hall element at the current temperature. theory S theory With respect to the actual output signal value T cur By comparing the deviation and considering the influence of compensation components 23 (variable resistors, variable capacitors, etc.) on the Hall element output signal, the optimal compensation parameters (variable resistor values, variable capacitor values, etc.) are calculated to make the actual output signal approach the theoretical output signal. After calculating the optimal compensation parameters, an analog signal is output through a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to adjust the value of compensation component 23. The adaptive compensation algorithm module 24 has an update frequency of 1Hz and a compensation accuracy of ±0.1%, ensuring stable and accurate performance of the device even in complex and variable temperature environments.

[0069] Signal processing module 3

[0070] The input of filter 31 is connected to the output of comparator 13. Filter 31 is typically located near comparator 13, allowing it to directly receive the signal output from comparator 13 and perform filtering to remove noise and interference. Figure 4 As can be seen from the detailed structural diagram of the signal processing module of the present invention, the filter 31 and the comparator 13 are closely connected in the signal transmission path.

[0071] The input terminal of the logic control unit 32 is connected to the output terminal of the filter 31. The logic control unit 32 is located after the filter 31. It receives the filtered signal, performs logic operations and control, and generates the final switch control signal.

[0072] Filter 31 adopts a classic second-order low-pass filter circuit structure, with the cutoff frequency precisely set to 1kHz, passband ripple controlled within 0.1dB, and stopband attenuation reaching 40dB / dec. Through this parameter design, filter 31 can efficiently filter out high-frequency noise and interference in the output signal of comparator 13, outputting a clean and stable switching control signal;

[0073] The logic control unit 32 uses high-performance CMOS logic circuits with an extremely short response time of only 1ns. This unit performs logical operations and processes the signal output from the filter 31, and generates a precise and reliable final switching control signal according to preset logic rules to meet the control requirements of different application scenarios.

[0074] The gain adjustment module 33 connects the preamplifier 12 and the logic control unit 32. The gain adjustment module 33 dynamically adjusts the gain of the preamplifier 12 based on the output signal strength of the Hall element 11, thereby improving the sensitivity of the Hall switch. The gain adjustment module 33 acquires the output signal of the preamplifier 12 in real time via an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and calculates the optimal gain value using a digital signal processor (DSP). An analog signal is output via a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to adjust the gain of the preamplifier 12. The gain adjustment module 33 has an adjustment range of 1 to 100 and an adjustment accuracy of ±0.1, enabling it to automatically and accurately optimize the amplification factor based on the input signal strength, significantly improving the Hall switch's processing capability and sensitivity to signals of different intensities.

[0075] Power Management Module 4

[0076] The main power supply 41 is connected to the mains power, and the backup power supply 42 is a lithium battery. The main power supply 41 and the backup power supply 42 are connected through a power switching device 43.

[0077] After the main power supply 41 is connected to the mains power, it undergoes a series of circuit processes including rectification, filtering, and voltage regulation to output a stable 5V±5% DC voltage, providing the main power support for the normal operation of the device. The backup power supply 42 uses a high-energy-density lithium battery, with an output voltage stable at 5V±1%. In the event of a failure or power outage of the main power supply 41, it can provide reliable temporary power to the device in a timely manner, ensuring the continuous operation of the device.

[0078] The power switching device 43 is based on a bidirectional MOSFET switch with a switching time of less than 100μs. It can quickly and seamlessly switch to the backup power supply 42 the moment the main power supply 41 is de-energized, ensuring uninterrupted power supply to each module and maintaining stable operation of the device.

[0079] The low-power management module 44 monitors the output signal status of comparator 13 in Hall switch module 1 in real time. When the output signal of comparator 13 indicates that the Hall switch is in a non-operating state, the low-power management module 44 immediately starts and automatically cuts off the power supply to signal processing module 3 and part of Hall switch module 1. The module itself has extremely low power consumption, only 10μW. Under its control, the overall power consumption of the device after entering low-power mode is reduced to 100μW, effectively extending the battery life of backup power supply 42 and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the device.

[0080] Operating principle and operating process

[0081] Taking the typical application scenario of automotive engine magnetic field detection as an example, when the car starts, the main power supply 41 starts supplying power, and each module begins to work. The Hall element 11 detects the change in the magnetic field in the engine and outputs a weak electrical signal. The preamplifier 12 amplifies the electrical signal and transmits it to the comparator 13. The comparator 13 compares the amplified signal with a preset threshold to generate a preliminary switching control signal.

[0082] Simultaneously, temperature sensor 21 and temperature detection element 14 detect the ambient temperature around Hall element 11 in real time and transmit the temperature data to compensation controller 22. Based on the temperature data, compensation controller 22 calculates the optimal compensation parameters using a lookup table or formula, and adjusts the values ​​of variable resistor 231 and variable capacitor 232 by outputting an analog signal from a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), thereby adjusting the output signal of Hall element 11 and the gain of preamplifier 12. When the temperature changes, adaptive compensation algorithm module 24 dynamically adjusts the compensation parameters to ensure that the Hall switch maintains a stable output signal under different temperatures.

[0083] Filter 31 filters out noise and interference signals from the switching control signal output by comparator 13 and transmits the clean switching control signal to logic control unit 32. Logic control unit 32 performs logic processing on the filtered switching control signal to generate the final switching control signal.

[0084] In addition, the gain adjustment module 33 detects the output signal of the preamplifier 12 in real time through the digital-to-analog converter DAC, calculates the optimal gain value through the DSP, and adjusts the gain of the preamplifier 12 by outputting an analog signal through the digital-to-analog converter DAC to improve the sensitivity of the Hall switch.

[0085] If the main power supply 41 fails while the vehicle is in motion, the power switching device 43 automatically switches to the backup power supply 42 to ensure the normal operation of all modules. When the vehicle is parked or in a non-operating state such as when the Hall switch is not in use, the low-power management module 44 intervenes in time to shut down unnecessary modules, reduce device power consumption, and extend the battery life of the backup power supply 42.

[0086] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The descriptions in the foregoing embodiments and specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0087] If certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components, those skilled in the art will understand that hardware manufacturers may use different names to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in name, but rather on differences in function. The term "comprising" as used throughout the specification and claims is an open-ended term and should be interpreted as "comprising but not limited to." "Approximately" means that within an acceptable margin of error, those skilled in the art can solve the technical problem and substantially achieve the technical effect within a certain margin of error.

[0088] It should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or system comprising a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a product or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the product or system that includes that element.

[0089] The foregoing description illustrates and describes several preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, as previously stated, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. It can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered within the scope of the inventive concept described herein through the foregoing teachings or techniques or knowledge in related fields. Any modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device, characterized in that, include: The Hall switch module (1) includes a Hall element (11) for sensing changes in the magnetic field and outputting a weak electrical signal, a preamplifier (12) electrically connected to the Hall element (11) to amplify its output signal, and a comparator (13) electrically connected to the preamplifier (12) to compare the amplified signal with a preset threshold. The temperature compensation module (2) includes a temperature sensor (21) for monitoring the ambient temperature of the device, a compensation controller (22) electrically connected to the temperature sensor (21) to receive temperature data and obtain compensation parameters, and a compensation element (23) electrically connected to the compensation controller (22) to perform temperature compensation on the Hall switch module (1). The signal processing module (3) includes a filter (31) electrically connected to the comparator (13) to filter its output signal, and a logic control unit (32) electrically connected to the filter (31) to perform logical operations and control on the filtered signal. The power management module (4) includes a main power supply (41) for providing power support for normal operation of the device, and a backup power supply (42) for providing temporary power support for the device in the event of failure or power outage of the main power supply (41).

2. The high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The Hall element (11) is connected to the preamplifier (12) via a low-noise, high-gain operational amplifier.

3. The high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensor (21) is installed close to the Hall element (11); the compensation controller (22) is communicatively connected to the temperature sensor (21) and the compensation element (23).

4. The high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The compensation element (23) includes a variable resistor (231) connected in parallel to the output of the Hall element (11) and a variable capacitor (232) connected in parallel to the input of the preamplifier (12), which are used to dynamically adjust the electrical characteristics of the Hall switch module (1).

5. The high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The input of the filter (31) is connected to the output of the comparator (13) to filter the signal; the input of the logic control unit (32) is connected to the output of the filter (31) to process the filtered signal; the filter (31) is a second-order low-pass filter, and the logic control unit (32) is a CMOS logic circuit.

6. The high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The main power supply (41) input terminal is connected to the mains power, and the backup power supply (42) is a lithium battery; the output terminals of the main power supply (41) and the backup power supply (42) are respectively connected to the corresponding input terminals of the power switching device (43), and the output terminal of the power switching device (43) is connected to the device power module. The power switching device (43) is a bidirectional MOSFET switch used to switch the power supply according to the power supply status of the main power supply (41).

7. The high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The Hall switch module (1) also includes a temperature detection element (14) integrated with a temperature sensor (21), which is connected to a compensation controller (22) via a signal line to transmit temperature data.

8. The high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The compensation controller (22) is equipped with an adaptive compensation algorithm module (24). The adaptive compensation algorithm module (24) is connected to the digital signal processor (DSP) via a data bus. The adaptive compensation algorithm module (24) transmits the digital compensation parameters to the digital-to-analog converter (DAC), which converts them into analog signals to adjust the value of the compensation element (23).

9. A high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The signal processing module (3) also includes a gain adjustment module (33) that connects the preamplifier (12) and the logic control unit (32). The gain adjustment module (33) acquires the output signal of the preamplifier (12) through the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and converts it into a digital signal. The digital signal processor (DSP) analyzes and processes the signal to calculate the gain value, and then converts it into an analog signal through the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to adjust the gain of the preamplifier (12).

10. A high-sensitivity temperature-compensated Hall switch device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The power management module (4) also includes a low power management module (44), which is connected to the main power supply (41) and the backup power supply (42) and monitors the output signal status of the comparator (13) in the Hall switch module (1) in real time.

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