Special-effect soil conditioner for acid plate obstacles of red soil of southern red slope cropland as well as preparation method and application of special-effect soil conditioner

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a special-effect soil conditioner for red soil acid plate obstacles of southern red slope cropland as well as a preparation method and application of the special-effect soil conditioner. Comprising the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of oyster shell powder, 15-30 parts of humic acid powder, 5-15 parts of sodium alginate, 3-10 parts of konjaku flour, 3-10 parts of tamarind powder and 1-2 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride. According to the invention, various natural organic polymer materials and natural alkaline mineral materials are compounded, so that the soil conditioner has three significant soil conditioning properties of acid reduction, plate elimination and water retention.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of agricultural technology, and relates to a special soil conditioner for red soil acid pan barrier of south red slope farmland, a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the hilly areas in the south of China, in recent years, red soil as the main farmland resource is facing an increasingly serious degradation problem, mainly manifested as soil acidification, pan, heavy and barren and other "acid, pan, sticky, thin" undesirable characteristics. The continuous deterioration of these problems has posed a serious challenge to China's food security strategy and sustainable agricultural development. In view of this situation, the application of soil conditioner has become an effective means to improve the degraded soil. By improving the physical structure and chemical properties of the soil, the nutrient supply condition is optimized, so as to significantly improve the production capacity of the degraded soil.

[0003] The research history of soil conditioner can be traced back to the late 19th century, when the main improvement materials were limited to single components such as lime, coal ash, and sludge. Although these traditional materials can play a certain role under specific conditions, they have obvious defects such as single improvement effect, low resource utilization rate, and unsatisfactory economic benefits. Currently, lime is still the most commonly used material for improving acid red soil in the south. Its core component is calcium oxide or calcium carbonate, which can neutralize acidic substances and effectively increase soil pH due to its strong alkaline properties. However, a large amount of research data shows that long-term single application of lime not only may lead to secondary acidification of soil, but also exacerbate soil compaction. This negative effect makes it particularly urgent to develop new multifunctional conditioners. It is worth noting that shellfish biomineral is a natural organic-inorganic composite, which is mainly composed of calcite-type calcium carbonate, and also contains 17 kinds of amino acids including glycine, aspartic acid, and methionine, as well as organic components such as protein polysaccharides, and various plant essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium. Recent studies have confirmed that the application of shellfish biomineral in acid soil improvement can exert multiple synergistic effects: it can effectively neutralize soil acidity, supplement various trace elements, and reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals through passivation, thereby improving the soil environment and promoting the healthy growth of crops. The multifunctionality of this natural material provides a new way and direction for solving the problem of red soil degradation in the south, and its development and utilization prospects are broad. Organic polymer conditioners mainly play a role in soil improvement by improving soil structure, regulating nutrient release, and enhancing water retention. This type of conditioner (such as tamarind powder, konjac powder, and sodium alginate) can promote the formation of aggregate structure by combining with soil particles through its high molecular chain, effectively alleviating soil compaction problems. At the same time, its rich functional groups can chelate nutrient elements, improve fertilizer utilization rate, and have excellent water retention performance. Compared with traditional conditioners, organic polymer materials are more environmentally friendly and can continuously improve soil, especially suitable for the repair of sandy or degraded soil.

[0004] Among the existing patent technologies, patent No. CN201710646288.3 discloses a composite soil conditioner, which is compounded by montmorillonite, oyster shell, earthworm manure and other organic and inorganic materials, and has the effects of adjusting soil acidity and preventing and treating pests and diseases. However, this technology has obvious defects: on the one hand, it is difficult to achieve the synergistic effect between materials through physical mixing, and on the other hand, the complex raw material composition leads to high production cost and limited effect on improving soil structure. Patent No. CN201710615768.3 develops an organic compound fertilizer based on hydrothermal reaction, which selects agricultural wastes such as corn stalks and mushroom residues as raw materials, and has a positive effect on improving soil fertility and rice yield. However, this technical solution has two key problems: one is that it cannot effectively solve the problem of soil acidification, and the other is that the hydrothermal reaction process has the defect of low raw material conversion rate. The latest patent No. CN202111243721.1 proposes a soil conditioner mainly using kitchen waste as raw material, which adjusts the soil pH value by adding calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer and other alkaline substances. Although this technology realizes the resource utilization of waste, it has significant safety hazards: the quality of kitchen waste raw materials is difficult to control, and imperfect fermentation process may lead to pathogenic microorganism pollution, and simple physical mixing process restricts the full play of the material function. These technical defects limit its popularization value in practical application.

[0005] In summary, the current preparation technology of soil conditioner has the following limitations: low comprehensive utilization rate of materials, single function, and difficulty in fully playing the synergistic effect of organic-inorganic composite materials. In view of the unique acidification and hardening problem of red soil in southern red slope farmland, it is urgent to develop a new multifunctional conditioner with simple preparation process and high raw material utilization rate. The ideal conditioner should have the dual functions of adjusting soil pH and improving soil physical structure, and can realize the complementary advantages and synergistic effect of various improvement materials. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a specific soil conditioner for the acid and hardening problem of red soil in southern red slope farmland.

[0007] Another purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of a specific soil conditioner for the acid and hardening problem of red soil in southern red slope farmland.

[0008] Still another purpose of the present application is to provide an application of a specific soil conditioner for the acid and hardening problem of red soil in southern red slope farmland.

[0009] To achieve the above purposes, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] A special soil conditioner for red soil acid pan disorder of Nanhongpo cultivated land, comprising the following components in parts by weight: oyster shell powder 40-60 parts, humic acid powder 15-30 parts, sodium alginate 5-15 parts, konjac powder 3-10 parts, tamarind powder 3-10 parts, and anhydrous calcium chloride 1-2 parts.

[0011] In the special soil conditioner for red soil acid pan disorder of Nanhongpo cultivated land, the oyster shell powder has a mesh size of 100-500 mesh, the humic acid powder has a mesh size of 60-80 mesh, the sodium alginate has a mesh size of 40-120 mesh, the konjac powder has a mesh size of 40-120 mesh, and the tamarind powder has a mesh size of 40-80 mesh.

[0012] In the special soil conditioner for red soil acid pan disorder of Nanhongpo cultivated land, the oyster shell powder has a calcium oxide content of 45-65%.

[0013] In the special soil conditioner for red soil acid pan disorder of Nanhongpo cultivated land, the humic acid powder has a free humic acid content of 60-80%.

[0014] In the special soil conditioner for red soil acid pan disorder of Nanhongpo cultivated land, the konjac powder has a konjac glucomannan content of more than 98%.

[0015] In the special soil conditioner for red soil acid pan disorder of Nanhongpo cultivated land, comprising the following components in parts by weight: oyster shell powder 50 parts, humic acid powder 20 parts, sodium alginate 15 parts, konjac powder 7 parts, tamarind powder 7 parts, and anhydrous calcium chloride 1 part.

[0016] A preparation method of a special soil conditioner for red soil acid pan disorder of Nanhongpo cultivated land, wherein oyster shell powder, humic acid powder, sodium alginate, konjac powder, tamarind powder, and anhydrous calcium chloride are put into a mixing machine and uniformly mixed to obtain particles with a particle size of 1-5 mm.

[0017] The application of a special soil conditioner for red soil acid pan disorder of Nanhongpo cultivated land is used to alleviate the red soil acidification and pan disorder.

[0018] In the application, the dosage per mu is 50-100 kg.

[0019] In the application, the application mode is spraying or hole application.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages:

[0021] The conditioner is compounded by various natural organic polymer materials and natural alkaline mineral materials, has extremely significant "acid reduction, soil compaction elimination and water retention" three soil conditioning performances, can reduce soil acidity, relieve soil compaction, and improve soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. The product can effectively eliminate the acid and compaction obstacles of southern red soil, retain water, resist drought, promote crop root penetration, and improve crop yield. The product can effectively adjust soil pore structure, improve soil pore connectivity, improve soil structure network, and promote the formation of aggregate structure, thereby improving the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. The raw materials of the product are all from natural sources.

[0022] Other advantages, objects and features of the present application will be apparent from the following description, and will be understood by those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the specification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A three-dimensional distribution space diagram of soil pores without applying the conditioner.

[0024] Figure 2 A three-dimensional distribution space diagram of soil pores applying the conditioner of the present application.

[0025] Figure 3 A three-dimensional topological structure diagram of soil pore network without applying the conditioner.

[0026] Figure 4 A three-dimensional topological structure diagram of soil pore network applying the conditioner of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Examples 1-4

[0029] The following examples all contain the following ingredients: oyster shell powder, humic acid powder, sodium alginate, konjac powder, tamarind powder and anhydrous calcium chloride.

[0030] The oyster shell powder has a mesh size of 100-500 mesh, the humic acid powder has a mesh size of 60-80 mesh, the sodium alginate has a mesh size of 40-120 mesh, the konjac powder has a mesh size of 40-120 mesh, and the tamarind powder has a mesh size of 40-80 mesh.

[0031] The calcium oxide content of the oyster shell powder is 45-65%, the free humic acid content of the humic acid powder is 60-80%, and the weight content of konjac glucomannan in the konjac powder is more than 98%.

[0032] The following table is the component proportioning of examples 1-4.

[0033]

[0034] According to the weight ratio in the above table, the corresponding soil conditioner is prepared: put oyster shell powder, humic acid powder, sodium alginate, konjac powder, tamarind powder and anhydrous calcium chloride into a mixing machine and mix uniformly to obtain particles with a particle size of 1-5 mm, which are soil conditioners.

[0035] Application Example 1

[0036] Greenhouse corn pot experiment:

[0037] 5 kg of soil was loaded into a flowerpot with a diameter of 24 cm and a height of 25 cm, and a layer of vermiculite was laid at the bottom. The test soil was a typical sloping farmland red soil in the south, which had high acidity and compaction obstacles. Two treatments and three replicates were set up: treatment (1) CK, no conditioner was added; treatment (2) only oyster shell powder was added, the amount was 1%, i.e. 50 g / pot, which was used as a comparison of ordinary mineral conditioner; treatment (3) the soil conditioner of Example 4 was added, the amount was 1%, i.e. 50 g / pot. The test crop was corn, and a certain amount of water was added every day after sowing to keep the soil moist. After 4 months, the corn was harvested and the biomass was measured; at the same time, the 0-10 cm surface soil was collected, dried and ground to measure the soil physical and chemical properties.

[0038] After testing, the soil conditioner of Example 4 can effectively promote the growth of corn, its biomass is increased by 106.5% compared with the treatment without conditioner, and by 24.7% compared with the treatment with oyster shell alone, and both reach a significant level. In addition, the special conditioner can also significantly increase the content of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium, and all reach a significant level.

[0039] Table 1 Change of corn biomass and soil nutrients after applying different conditioners

[0040]

[0041] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments

[0042] The soil conditioner can significantly reduce soil acidity, with an average decrease of 1.6 units compared with the treatment without conditioner, and an average decrease of 2.2 cmol / kg in exchangeable acid; although the special conditioner is not as effective as oyster shell powder alone in reducing acidity, it has reached a significant level compared with CK. In addition, the special conditioner significantly increases the average weight diameter of the aggregate, improving the soil physical structure, which is increased by 10% compared with CK, and is better than the treatment with oyster shell alone.

[0043] Table 2 Change of soil acidity and aggregate properties after applying different conditioners

[0044]

[0045] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05)

[0046] The above results show that the soil specific conditioner provided by the present application has a significant yield-increasing effect, can effectively neutralize the acidity of southern red soil, reduce the content of soil exchangeable acid, and at the same time improve the soil nutrients, especially the available phosphorus and potassium, which will be beneficial to plant growth; in addition, the conditioner can significantly improve the soil structure and promote the formation of large aggregates.

[0047] Application Example 2

[0048] To further verify the effect of the soil conditioner of the present application, a field plot test was carried out. The test plot was located in Zhuji, Zhejiang, and the test soil was a typical sloping farmland red soil in the south, which had high acidity and hardening obstacles. The test included two treatments and three replicates: treatment (1) CK, no conditioner was applied; treatment (2) the soil conditioner of Example 4 was applied at 100 kg per mu of land, and was applied after plowing. The crop planted was corn, and after three seasons of planting, the yield was determined, the surface soil was collected, and the soil physical and chemical properties were determined. A specially designed 5 cm diameter, 10 cm high PVC soil column was used to collect the surface soil column, and CT scanning was used to analyze the soil pore structure.

[0049] The soil conditioner can still significantly reduce soil acidity in field tests, with an average reduction of 1.15 units compared to no conditioner, and an average reduction of 1.36 cmol / kg of exchangeable acid; the yield was increased by 73%.

[0050] Table 3 Change in soil acidity and corn yield after applying different conditioners

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05)

[0054] In addition, the conditioner significantly increased the total porosity of the soil by 56%, and significantly increased the pore connectivity by 1.33%. Notably, the conditioner reduced the proportion of small and medium pores, but increased the proportion of large pores, which indicates that the conditioner can convert small and medium pores in the soil into large pores, thereby alleviating soil hardening. Figures 1-2 The three-dimensional distribution space of soil pores is shown, and it can be seen that the soil pores after applying the specific conditioner are larger and wider, and the upper layer contains more large pores. Figures 3-4The three-dimensional topological structure of soil pore network was showed, the ball was pore, the stick was pore network, it could be seen that the soil pore network after the application of the special conditioner was wider and longer, and was mainly distributed in the upper layer, which indicated that the special conditioner significantly improved the soil pore connectivity, and was more conducive to the transport of nutrients and water.

[0055] Table 4 Change of soil pore properties after the application of different conditioners

[0056]

[0057] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or replace them with similar ways, without departing from the spirit of the present application.

Claims

1. A specific soil conditioner for the problem of acid plinthitization of red lateritic soils of the south, characterized in that, The components include the following weight parts: ​ Oyster shell powder 40-60 parts, humic acid powder 15-30 parts, sodium alginate 5-15 parts, konjac powder 3-10 parts, tamarind powder 3-10 parts, and anhydrous calcium chloride 1-2 parts.

2. The specialty soil conditioner for the problem of acid pans in the red soils of the South China Red Loess Hilly Region according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oyster shell powder has a mesh size of 100-500 mesh, the humic acid powder has a mesh size of 60-80 mesh, the sodium alginate has a mesh size of 40-120 mesh, the konjac powder has a mesh size of 40-120 mesh, and the tamarind powder has a mesh size of 40-80 mesh.

3. The specialty soil conditioner for the problem of acid plating of red soil in the red paddy field of the south according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oyster shell powder has a calcium oxide content of 45-65%.

4. The specialty soil conditioner for addressing the problem of acid pans in the red soils of the South Red Loamy Upland, according to claim 1, characterized in that, The humic acid powder has a free humic acid content of 60-80%.

5. The specialty soil conditioner for addressing the problem of acid pans in the red soils of the South Red Loamy Upland, according to claim 1, characterized in that, The konjac powder has a konjac glucomannan content of 98% or more.

6. The specialty soil conditioner for addressing South Red Paddy Soil Acid Pans in Red Paddy Soils of claim 1, wherein, The components include the following weight parts: oyster shell powder 50 parts, humic acid powder 20 parts, sodium alginate 15 parts, konjac powder 7 parts, tamarind powder 7 parts, and anhydrous calcium chloride 1 part.

7. The method of preparing a specific soil conditioner for the problem of acid plinthite in the red earth of the southern red soil region according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The oyster shell powder, the humic acid powder, the sodium alginate, the konjac powder, the tamarind powder, and the anhydrous calcium chloride are put into a mixing machine and uniformly mixed to obtain granules with a particle size of 1-5 mm.

8. The use of a specific soil conditioner for the treatment of acid plinthitization of red soils in the South of France according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It is used for relieving red soil acidification and hardening obstacles.

9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that, The use amount is 50-100 kg per mu.

10. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that, The use mode is scattering or hole application.

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