Coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner, and preparation method and full resource utilization method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner, its preparation method, and its full resource utilization method, belonging to the fields of agricultural solid waste resource utilization and soil improvement technology. The conditioner consists of a coffee shell biochar solid conditioner and a coffee shell liquid bio-conditioner. The solid conditioner is prepared by low-temperature anaerobic carbonization, pulverization, and compounding of coffee shells. The liquid conditioner is prepared by coffee shell pulping, anaerobic fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysis, filtration, dilution, and compounding. The liquid filtration residue is returned to the solid carbonization process, achieving 100% waste-free utilization of all components of the coffee shells. This invention provides a synergistic solid-liquid dual-effect, which can effectively repair the structure of acidic red soil, regulate pH, and achieve carbon sequestration, while simultaneously providing rapid soil nutrient replenishment and activating microorganisms, significantly improving soil fertility and the quality of tea and coffee crops. The process is simple, low-cost, and has high ecological value, making it suitable for the fields of agricultural waste resource utilization and green soil improvement.

Description

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural solid waste resource utilization and soil improvement technology, specifically relating to a coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner, particularly a combination product of coffee shell biochar solid conditioner and coffee shell liquid biological conditioner, its preparation method, and a method for the complete resource utilization and zero-waste utilization of coffee shells. This invention is applicable to the improvement of acidic red soil, the enhancement of soil organic matter, carbon sequestration, and the improvement of tea and coffee crop quality and yield, belonging to the field of green agricultural technology.

[0002] The coffee industry is a pillar industry in Yunnan Province, my country. Coffee processing generates a large amount of coffee husk waste, and traditional methods of dumping and incineration result in the waste of biomass resources and environmental pollution. The main tea and coffee producing areas in Yunnan are widely covered by acidic red soil. Long-term improper cultivation has led to soil acidification, compaction, low organic matter content, and poor microbial activity, seriously affecting the yield and quality of cash crops such as tea and coffee.

[0003] Existing soil amendment products are mostly single solid biochar or single liquid bio-fertilizer, with limited functions, failing to simultaneously address both long-term soil structure restoration and rapid nutrient replenishment. Current coffee husk resource utilization processes suffer from low raw material utilization rates and the inability to recycle liquid residues, making it difficult to achieve zero-waste utilization of all components. Therefore, developing coffee husk-based soil amendments that feature solid-liquid synergy, simple processes, high resource utilization rates, and compatibility with acidic soils is a pressing technical challenge in this field.

[0004] In response to the problems of low resource utilization rate and significant environmental pollution caused by coffee shell waste, and the limited functionality, poor improvement effect, and inability to achieve synergistic effects of long-term remediation and rapid activation of existing soil conditioners, this invention provides a coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner, its preparation method, and a method for full resource utilization. This method achieves 100% waste-free utilization of all components of coffee shells, effectively improves acidic red soil, enhances soil fertility, and improves the quality of tea and coffee crops.

[0005] This invention discloses a coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner, comprising a coffee shell biochar solid conditioner and a coffee shell liquid bioconditioner; the residue after filtration of the liquid conditioner is returned to the carbonization process of the solid conditioner, realizing the waste-free utilization of all components of the coffee shell.

[0006] The preparation method of coffee shell biochar solid modifier is as follows: S1, raw material pretreatment: coffee shells are screened to remove impurities and dried to a moisture content ≤15%; S2, low-temperature pyrolysis carbonization: carbonization is carried out under anaerobic conditions at 400–500℃ for 2–3 hours, and then cooled to obtain raw coffee shell char; S3, pulverization and sieving: after pulverization, the char is passed through a 20–40 mesh sieve to obtain coffee shell biochar powder; S4, scientific compounding: coffee shell biochar powder, humic acid, beneficial microbial agents, and light calcium carbonate are mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 7:1:1:1; the beneficial microbial agents include Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosa.

[0007] The coffee shell liquid biological improver, by weight, comprises the following ingredients: 10 parts dried coffee shells, 50 parts slurry, 1.8 parts compound microbial culture, 0.3 parts brown sugar, 0.12 parts cellulase, 0.06 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 600 parts dilution water; the compound microbial culture is a mixture of brewer's yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0008] The preparation steps of the coffee shell liquid biological improver are as follows: S1, Raw material pretreatment: After screening and removing impurities, dry coffee shells are crushed and passed through a 60-80 mesh sieve. A pulping ratio of coffee shells to slurry water of 1:5 is used. The dry coffee shells are dried until the moisture content is ≤10%. S2, Inoculation: Brown sugar is added and dissolved, and a compound bacterial culture is added and mixed evenly. S3, Anaerobic fermentation: Anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 25-30℃ for 7-10 days, stirring once daily, until the pH reaches 4.5-5.5. The preferred temperature is 28℃, and the preferred time is 8 days. S4, Enzymatic extraction: Cellulase is added, and enzymatic hydrolysis is performed at 50℃ for 2 hours. S5, Filtration and purification: The mixture is filtered through an 80-100 mesh sieve, and the clarified fermentation liquid is collected. S6, Dilution and compounding: The liquid is diluted 1:10, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added and dissolved. The resulting liquid improver has a pH of 5.0-6.0, organic matter ≥30g / L, and available phosphorus ≥2g / L.

[0009] The method for the complete resource utilization and waste-free use of coffee shells of the present invention is as follows: the coffee shells are divided into two paths. One path is carbonized at a low temperature of 400-500℃ to prepare a solid coffee shell biochar modifier. The other path is prepared by anaerobic fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis of microorganisms to prepare a liquid coffee shell biomodifier. The residue after filtration of the liquid modifier is dried and returned to the carbonization process to achieve 100% resource utilization of coffee shells.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Complete resource utilization with zero waste: coffee shells are used to prepare solid and liquid conditioners, and the liquid residue is recycled and reused, achieving 100% raw material utilization and completely solving the problem of coffee shell pollution; 2. Synergistic improvement of solid and liquid: the solid conditioner provides long-term repair of soil structure, adjusts pH, and performs carbon sequestration; the liquid conditioner quickly replenishes nutrients, activates soil microorganisms, and synergistically adapts to the improvement of acidic red soil; 3. Light-asset and easy-to-promote process: the room-temperature anaerobic fermentation and low-temperature pyrolysis carbonization equipment have low investment and low energy consumption, making it suitable for small-scale industrial production; 4. Strong adaptability: the formula is customized for the soil in tea and coffee producing areas, significantly improving soil organic matter, improving the microenvironment, and promoting crop quality and yield improvement; 5. Outstanding ecological value: the solid conditioner can perform carbon sequestration, reducing the application of chemical fertilizers and meeting the requirements of green and low-carbon development.

[0011] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection.

[0012] Example 1: Raw material pretreatment: Coffee shells were screened to remove impurities and dried to a moisture content of 12%; Solid amendment preparation: Anaerobic carbonization at 450℃ for 2.5h, cooling and pulverizing through a 30-mesh sieve; Solid amendment was prepared by mixing 70 parts biochar powder, 10 parts humic acid, 10 parts Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus compound inoculant, and 10 parts light calcium carbonate; Liquid amendment preparation: Dry coffee shells were pulverized to 70 mesh and pulped at a material-to-water ratio of 1:5; Brown sugar was added, and a 1:1:1 compound inoculum was inoculated and anaerobic fermented at 28℃ for 8 days; Cellulase was added and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 50℃ for 2h; 100-mesh filtration was performed, the filtrate was diluted 1:10, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was added to obtain a liquid amendment; The filter residue was dried and refluxed for carbonization; Synergistic application: 500 kg / mu of solid amendment was applied as a base fertilizer at 10-day intervals, and the liquid amendment was diluted 1:100 and applied as a fertigation; Soil organic matter increased by 22%, pH increased by 0.8, and tea and coffee quality improved by 16%.

[0013] Example 2: Coffee shells are processed in two ways: one is carbonized at 450℃ to prepare a solid modifier, and the other is fermented and enzymatically hydrolyzed to prepare a liquid modifier; the liquid filter residue is dried, refluxed, and carbonized, with 100% raw material utilization and no waste discharge, making it suitable for local distributed production in coffee-producing areas.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the process for the complete resource utilization and waste-free co-production of coffee shells according to the present invention.

Claims

1. A coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner, characterized in that, Including solid coffee shell biochar modifier and liquid coffee shell biochar modifier; The coffee shell biochar solid modifier is made from coffee shells as raw materials, through pretreatment, low-temperature pyrolysis carbonization, crushing and sieving, and compounding. The coffee shell liquid biological modifier is made from coffee shells through pretreatment, inoculation with microorganisms, anaerobic fermentation, enzymatic extraction, filtration purification, dilution and compounding. The residue after filtering the liquid modifier is returned to the solid modifier carbonization process, achieving zero-waste utilization of all components of the coffee shell.

2. The coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the coffee shell biochar solid modifier includes: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Coffee shells are screened to remove impurities and dried to a moisture content of ≤15%; S2. Low-temperature pyrolysis carbonization: Carbonize under anaerobic conditions at 400–500℃ for 2–3 hours, and then cool to obtain raw coffee shell char. S3. Crushing and sieving: After crushing, pass through a 20-40 mesh sieve to obtain coffee shell biochar powder; S4. Scientific compounding: Mix coffee shell biochar powder, humic acid, beneficial microbial agents and light calcium evenly in a mass ratio of 7:1:1:

1.

3. The coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coffee shell liquid biological modifier, by weight, comprises the following ingredients: 10 parts dried coffee shells, 50 parts slurry, 1.8 parts compound microbial inoculum, 0.3 parts brown sugar, 0.12 parts cellulase, 0.06 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 600 parts dilution water. The compound microbial strain is a mixture of brewer's yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:1:

1.

4. The coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The preparation steps of the coffee shell liquid biomodifier include: S1. Raw material pretreatment: After screening and removing impurities, dry coffee shells are crushed and passed through a 60-80 mesh sieve. The mixture is then pulped at a ratio of coffee shells to pulp water of 1:

5. S2. Inoculation with microorganisms: Dissolve brown sugar in the inoculated culture and mix well. S3, Anaerobic fermentation: Seal and anaerobic ferment at 25–30℃ for 7–10 days, stirring once a day, until pH 4.5–5.5; S4. Enzymatic extraction: Add cellulase and enzymatically hydrolyze at 50℃ for 2 hours. S5. Filtration and purification: Filter through 80-100 mesh and collect the clarified fermentation liquid; S6. Dilution and compounding: Dilute the stock solution at a ratio of 1:10 and dissolve it in potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

5. The coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dried coffee husks are dried to a moisture content of ≤10%.

6. The coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that, The anaerobic fermentation temperature was 28℃, and the time was 8 days.

7. The coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that, The enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is controlled by a constant temperature water bath.

8. The coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid modifier filter residue is dried and then recycled to prepare coffee shell biochar solid modifier.

9. The coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid modifier has a pH of 5.0–6.0, organic matter ≥30 g / L, and available phosphorus ≥2 g / L.

10. The coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that, The beneficial microbial agents include Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus.

11. A liquid biomodifier from coffee shells, characterized in that, It is prepared according to the formulation and steps described in any one of claims 3–9.

12. A solid modifier for coffee shell biochar, characterized in that, It is prepared according to the process described in any one of claims 2 and 10.

13. A method for the complete resource utilization and zero-waste utilization of coffee husks, characterized in that, Divide the coffee shell into two parts: A solid modifier for coffee shell biochar was prepared by low-temperature carbonization at 400–500℃. Another approach involves preparing liquid biomodifiers from coffee shells through anaerobic fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis by microorganisms. The filter residue generated from the liquid modifier is dried and then returned to the carbonization process to prepare the solid modifier, achieving 100% resource utilization of coffee shells.

14. The application of the coffee shell solid-liquid dual-effect soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1–10 in the improvement of acidic red soil, enhancement of soil organic matter, carbon sequestration, and quality and yield improvement of tea and coffee crops.

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