Simulation method for arc erosion resistance of insulating material surface based on magneto-hydrodynamics

Abstract

The application provides a simulation method for arc ablation resistance of an insulating material surface based on magnetohydrodynamics, and belongs to the field of insulating material performance detection. The method comprises the following steps: establishing an arc ablation resistance model of the insulating material surface; constructing a magnetohydrodynamic control equation set; setting a model boundary condition; iteratively solving the magnetohydrodynamic control equation set through a finite element simulation software to obtain a temperature distribution diagram of the insulating material under different arc ablation times, and judging the arc ablation resistance degree of the insulating material through comparison with a TGA curve of the insulating material. The application takes a power frequency alternating current high-voltage arc and an insulating material as simulation objects, is more in line with engineering practice, can simulate the surface arc ablation resistance process of any insulating material by changing physical property parameters of the insulating material, and introduces a material TGA curve to judge the arc ablation resistance performance of the insulating material, thereby providing technical support for insulating material selection of high-voltage switch equipment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the field of insulation material performance detection, and in particular to an insulation material surface arc ablation resistance simulation method based on magnetohydrodynamics. BACKGROUND

[0002] High-voltage switching equipment is the core component of the power system to realize the functions of closing, breaking, controlling and protecting, and its operation reliability is directly related to the safety and stability of the entire power grid. As a key functional component in high-voltage switches (such as circuit breakers, disconnectors, gas insulated switchgear GIS, etc.), insulation materials mainly undertake important responsibilities such as mechanical support, potential isolation and insulation recovery after arc extinction. However, under the conditions of breaking fault current or operating overvoltage, high-temperature and high-energy arcs may occur between the switching contacts or to the ground. The arc and the derived high-temperature plasma flow will strongly act on the surface of the nearby insulation material, causing thermal decomposition, melting, vaporization and even carbonization of the material, resulting in irreversible ablation damage. Severe ablation can significantly reduce the insulation strength and mechanical properties of the material, possibly causing surface flashover, and ultimately leading to equipment failure and even catastrophic power outage accidents. Therefore, developing a multi-physical field coupling simulation method based on magnetohydrodynamics to accurately describe the complete chain from arc plasma behavior to insulation material ablation response is an important problem.

[0003] The literature titled "Simulation Research on AC Arc under Different Electrode Distances" (Wang Riqi. Simulation Research on AC Arc under Different Electrode Distances [J]. Shanxi Electric Power, 2024, (04): 22-26) presents the influence of different gap distances on various physical fields of AC fault arcs. Based on the analysis of the energy conversion process of AC fault arcs, a magnetohydrodynamic model is established to analyze the changes and relationships of terminal current, voltage, temperature field and magnetic field when the electrode distance is 2mm. However, the temperature distribution of the insulation material after arc ablation is not reflected, and the response of the insulation material after arc ablation and the arc ablation resistance of the insulation material cannot be described.

[0004] The literature titled "Numerical Simulation of DC Arc Plasma Torch Physical Fields" (Wang Zhen, Cao Wei, Li Yaojian. Numerical Simulation of DC Arc Plasma Torch Physical Fields [J]. Industrial Heating, 2023, 52(11): 17-21) conducts numerical simulation research on the temperature field, velocity field and other physical fields under given current size and working gas flow conditions. The DC arc temperature distribution under certain current size and working gas flow is obtained. However, in the insulation material arc ablation resistance performance test, a pair of high-voltage electrodes under power frequency AC is usually set on the surface of the insulation material to generate the required arc for testing.

[0005] In summary, the existing technology still has the following problems:

[0006] (1) Existing models focus on the characteristics of arc plasma itself (such as temperature, current, magnetic field, etc.), and fail to include the response process of thermal decomposition, melting, vaporization, etc. of insulating materials under the action of arc into the simulation system, and cannot reflect the evolution of material ablation morphology and its feedback influence on the dynamic characteristics of arc;

[0007] (2) Some studies use direct current arc or stable arc under certain conditions as the object, while actual insulating material arc resistance performance test is based on power frequency alternating current high voltage arc, and there are significant differences in arc physical characteristics, energy transfer mechanism, etc. between the two, which leads to the simulation results difficult to effectively guide engineering application;

[0008] (3) Without integrating the material ablation model, the existing method cannot simulate the damage accumulation process of insulating materials under the action of arc, so it is difficult to predict key performance indicators such as arc resistance life and carbonization resistance, and cannot provide comprehensive basis for material selection. SUMMARY

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is the defects of the prior art. Specifically, the present application provides a simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surface based on magnetohydrodynamics, which calculates the arc ablation resistance model of insulating material surface by COMSOL finite element simulation software, and judges the arc ablation resistance degree of insulating material by combining the TGA curve of insulating material, to realize the simulation test method of arc ablation resistance performance of insulating material.

[0010] To achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] The simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surface based on magnetohydrodynamics comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step 1, a three-dimensional arc ablation resistance model of insulating material surface is established, and is imported into COMSOL finite element simulation software;

[0013] Step 2, several constraint conditions are introduced in the simulation process to constrain the arc ablation resistance model of insulating material surface;

[0014] Step 3, a set of magnetohydrodynamic control equations is constructed to describe the physical characteristics of arc plasma; the set of magnetohydrodynamic control equations includes magnetic flow mass conservation equation, magnetic flow momentum conservation equation, energy conservation equation, magnetic field equation and electric field equation;

[0015] Step 4, in the COMSOL finite element simulation software, the magnetic field and electric field module, laminar flow module, heat transfer module and circuit module are selected, and the boundary conditions of the arc ablation resistance model of insulating material surface are set;

[0016] Step 5, user-defined mesh setting in COMSOL finite element simulation software, specifically, the columnar arc calculation domain mesh is refined, and the rest of the calculation domain mesh is coarse;

[0017] Step 6, based on the user-defined mesh of step 5, the magnetohydrodynamic control equation group is solved iteratively by COMSOL finite element simulation software to obtain the temperature distribution diagram of the insulating material under different arc ablation times;

[0018] Step 7, extract the temperature in the arc ablation process in the temperature distribution diagram, and compare it with the TGA curve of the insulating material to judge the degree of arc ablation resistance of the insulating material.

[0019] Preferably, the arc ablation resistance model of the insulating material in step 1 is composed of an insulating material sheet, two needle electrodes, a columnar arc, an insulating platform and an air domain; the insulating platform is at the bottom, the insulating material sheet is placed in the central position of the insulating platform, the two needle electrodes are placed in a V shape above the insulating material, and the columnar arc is located between the two needle electrodes, the air domain is above the insulating platform, the insulating material sheet, the columnar arc and the needle electrode.

[0020] Preferably, the constraint condition in step 2 is:

[0021] Assume that the arc plasma is in laminar flow and ignore the turbulent flow effect;

[0022] The columnar arc of the arc plasma is completely ionized, and the columnar arc satisfies the local thermodynamic equilibrium condition;

[0023] The arc plasma is an air arc, and its density, specific heat capacity, electrical conductivity and total volume net radiation coefficient are single variable functions of temperature;

[0024] Ignore the effect of gravity and the inertial component of electrons;

[0025] Ignore the effect of material conversion and metal vapor.

[0026] Preferably, in step 3, the expression of the magnetic flow mass conservation equation is:

[0027] ;

[0028] In the formula, is the charge density of ions; is the flow field velocity vector, t is the time, represents the partial derivative, and div represents the divergence;

[0029] Let the coordinates of ions in the plane coordinate system be (x, y, z) , ), the expression of the magnetic flux conservation equation is:

[0030] ;

[0031] ;

[0032] wherein, , are two velocity components of the ions in the plane coordinate axis, is the viscosity coefficient of the fluid, is the fluid pressure, and grad represents the gradient; , are two momentum source components of the ions in the plane coordinate axis, and the expressions thereof are respectively:

[0033] ;

[0034] ;

[0035] wherein, is the thermal conductivity, J is the current density, B is the magnetic induction intensity;

[0036] the expression of the magnetic flux energy conservation equation is:

[0037] ;

[0038] wherein, T is the temperature, is the mass heat capacity; is the heat source term, and the expression thereof is:

[0039] ;

[0040] wherein, is the Boltzmann constant, e is the electron charge, E is the electric field intensity; is the total volume radiation dissipation;

[0041] the expression of the electric field equation is:

[0042] and ;

[0043] wherein, is the electric conductivity, is the electric field potential;

[0044] the expression of the magnetic field equation is:

[0045] and ;

[0046] wherein, is the vacuum permeability, A is the magnetic vector.

[0047] Preferably, the implementation process of step 4 is as follows:

[0048] For the magnetic field and electric field module, one of the needle electrodes is set as ground, and the other needle electrode is coupled with the circuit module; the remaining boundaries of the two needle electrodes are set as electrically insulated;

[0049] For the circuit module, a two-terminal circuit network is set, the open-circuit voltage of the circuit network is set as an alternating high voltage, one end is set as ground, and the other end is coupled with the magnetic field and electric field module;

[0050] For the laminar flow module, the outer boundary of the air domain is set as an open boundary, and the remaining boundaries of the air domain are set as no-slip wall boundaries;

[0051] For the heat transfer module, the outer boundary of the air domain is set as an open boundary, and the boundary around the insulating platform is set as a natural convection heat transfer boundary.

[0052] Preferably, the grid in step 5 is a tetrahedral grid; the refined grid is defined as: the grid size parameter range is 0.04mm-4mm; and the coarsened grid is defined as: the grid size parameter range is 5.6mm-30mm.

[0053] Preferably, the implementation process of step 6 is as follows:

[0054] Step 6.1, in the COMSOL finite element simulation software, the continuous arc ablation simulation is carried out through the arc ablation resistant model of the insulating material surface, and the parameters describing the electric-magnetic-thermal-fluid behavior are coupled and iteratively solved through the magnetohydrodynamic equation set, so as to simulate the continuous arc ablation process of the insulating material surface;

[0055] Step 6.2, after the continuous arc ablation process of the insulating material surface is completed, the simulation calculation is terminated, and the calculation results of the potential distribution and the temperature distribution at different times are extracted, and the temperature distribution diagram of the insulating material under different arc ablation times is drawn.

[0056] The application also provides a device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the magnetohydrodynamics-based simulation method for arc ablation resistance of the insulating material surface when executing the computer program.

[0057] The present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surfaces based on magnetohydrodynamics.

[0058] The present invention also provides a readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed, implements the steps of the simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surfaces based on magnetohydrodynamics.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0060] (1) This invention proposes an arc ablation resistance model for the surface of insulating materials. The model integrates an insulating material ablation model and introduces a set of magnetohydrodynamic equations. Through the coupling of four modules in the COMSOL finite element software—magnetic field and electric field, laminar flow, heat transfer, and circuit—the complex multiphysics process of arc ablation and insulating material ablation response is fully simulated.

[0061] (2) This invention uses the power frequency AC high voltage arc and insulating materials as simulation objects, which is more in line with engineering practice. Furthermore, by changing the physical property parameters of the insulating materials, the surface arc erosion process of any insulating material can be simulated. At the same time, by modifying the simulation duration and introducing the material TGA curve, the arc erosion resistance of the insulating material can be judged, providing technical support for the selection of insulating materials for high voltage switchgear. Attached Figure Description

[0062] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an arc-erosion resistant model for the surface of an insulating material.

[0063] Figure 2 Total volumetric radiation dissipation The curve showing how the value of changes with temperature T.

[0064] Figure 3 This is a mesh partitioning diagram of the simulation model of the arc ablation resistance of the insulating material surface in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 4 This is a temperature distribution diagram of the insulating material under different arc erosion times.

[0066] Figure 5 This is a TGA curve of epoxy resin in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To enable those skilled in the art to understand the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0068] The application provides an arc ablation resistant model of an insulating material surface, innovatively introduces a magneto-hydrodynamic equation set, and simulates a complex multi-physical field process of arc ablation by coupling of four modules of magnetic field, electric field, laminar flow, heat transfer and circuit in COMSOL finite element software.

[0069] Step 1, establishing a three-dimensional arc ablation resistant model of an insulating material surface, and introducing into COMSOL finite element simulation software.

[0070] Figure 1 The arc ablation resistant model of the insulating material surface is shown in the figure, and the arc ablation resistant model of the insulating material surface is composed of an insulating material sheet, a pair of needle electrodes, a columnar arc, an insulating platform and an air domain. The insulating platform is at the bottom, the insulating material sheet is placed at the central position of the insulating platform, the two needle electrodes are placed above the insulating material in a V shape, and the columnar arc is located between the two needle electrodes, and the insulating platform, the insulating material sheet, the columnar arc and the needle electrodes are surrounded by the air domain.

[0071] In the embodiment, the insulating material is epoxy resin.

[0072] The insulating platform is 200 mm long, 200 mm wide and 10 mm high. A piece of insulating material sheet with a length of 100 mm, a width of 100 mm and a height of 3 mm is placed above the center of the insulating platform. A pair of needle electrodes inclined by 45° are arranged above the insulating material sheet, the needle-shaped heads of the two needle electrodes are placed on the surface of the insulating material, the distance between the two needle electrodes is 6.35 mm, and the electrode material is tungsten. A columnar arc with a length of 6.35 mm and a diameter of 0.2 mm is arranged between the needle-shaped heads of the two needle electrodes. In addition to the insulating platform, the insulating material sheet, the needle electrodes and the columnar arc, the rest of the arc ablation resistant model of the insulating material surface is an air domain, which is a cuboid space with a length of 200 mm, a width of 200 mm and a height of 100 mm.

[0073] Step 2, introducing a plurality of constraint conditions to constrain the arc ablation resistant model of the insulating material surface in the simulation process.

[0074] The constraint conditions are as follows:

[0075] (1) It is assumed that the arc plasma is in laminar flow, and the turbulent flow effect is ignored;

[0076] (2) The columnar arc of the arc plasma is completely ionized, and the columnar arc satisfies the local thermodynamic equilibrium condition;

[0077] (3) The arc plasma is an air arc, and the density, specific heat capacity, electrical conductivity and total volume net radiation coefficient of the arc plasma are single variable functions of temperature;

[0078] (4) Ignoring the effect of gravity, ignoring the inertial component of the electron;

[0079] (5) Ignoring the effect of material conversion, metal vapor.

[0080] Step 3, constructing the magneto-hydrodynamic control equation group for describing the physical characteristics of the arc plasma; the magneto-hydrodynamic control equation group includes a magneto-hydro mass conservation equation, a magneto-hydro momentum conservation equation, an energy conservation equation, a magnetic field equation and an electric field equation.

[0081] The expression of the magneto-hydro mass conservation equation is:

[0082] ;

[0083] In the formula, is the charge density of the ion; is the flow field velocity vector, t is the time, denotes the partial derivative, and div denotes the divergence.

[0084] Let the coordinates of the ion in the plane coordinate system be (x, y), The expression of the magneto-hydro momentum conservation equation is:

[0085] ;

[0086] ;

[0087] In the formula, , are two motion velocity components of the ion in the plane coordinate axis, is the viscosity coefficient of the fluid, is the fluid pressure, and grad represents the gradient; , are two momentum source term components of the ion in the plane coordinate axis, and the expressions thereof are respectively:

[0088] ;

[0089] ;

[0090] In the formula, is the thermal conductivity, J is the current density, B is the magnetic induction intensity.

[0091] The expression of the magneto-hydro energy conservation equation is:

[0092] ;

[0093] In the formula,​T T is temperature, C is the mass heat capacity; Q is the heat source term, which is expressed as:

[0094]

[0095] wherein, k is the Boltzmann constant, e e is the electron charge, E E is the electric field strength, J J is the current density; Q is the total volume radiation dissipation. The total volume radiation dissipation is a nonlinear function of temperature T , and the specific curve is shown in Figure 2 .

[0096] The expression of the electric field equation is:

[0097] and

[0098] wherein, σ is the electrical conductivity, V is the electric field potential.

[0099] The expression of the magnetic field equation is:

[0100] and

[0101] wherein, μ0 is the vacuum permeability, A B is the magnetic vector.

[0102] Step 4, select the magnetic field and electric field module, laminar flow module, heat transfer module and circuit module in the COMSOL finite element simulation software, and set the boundary conditions of the arc erosion resistance model of the insulating material surface.

[0103] The implementation process of step 4 is:

[0104] For the magnetic field and electric field module, set one of the needle electrodes at the tail end as ground, and the other needle electrode at the tail end is coupled with the circuit module, and the remaining boundaries of the two needle electrodes are set as electrically insulated;

[0105] For the circuit module, set a two-terminal circuit network, set the open circuit voltage of the circuit network as alternating high voltage, set one end as ground, and the other end is coupled with the magnetic field and electric field module;

[0106] For the laminar flow module, set the outer boundary of the air domain as an open boundary, and the remaining boundaries of the air domain as a no-slip wall boundary;

[0107] ​​​For the heat transfer module, the outer boundary of the air domain is set as an open boundary, and the boundary around the insulating platform is set as a natural convection heat transfer boundary.

[0108] In this embodiment, the initial voltage at the tail end of the needle electrode coupled to the circuit module in the magnetic field and electric field module is 0 / V. The AC high voltage in the circuit module is a 50Hz AC high voltage of 12.5kV. In the laminar flow module, the normal stress at the open boundary is 0N / m. 2 In the heat transfer module, the outer boundary temperature of the air domain, the surface temperature around the insulating platform, and the bottom surface are all 293.15K.

[0109] Step 5: In the COMSOL finite element simulation software, perform user-defined mesh settings. Specifically, the columnar arc calculation domain mesh is a refined mesh, and the other calculation domain meshes are coarsened meshes.

[0110] The mesh is a tetrahedral mesh; the refined mesh is defined as having a mesh size parameter range of 0.04mm to 4mm; the coarsened mesh is defined as having a mesh size parameter range of 5.6mm to 30mm.

[0111] 0.04mm to 4mm refers to the shortest side length of the smallest grid being 0.04mm and the maximum side length of the largest grid being 4mm. The grid type is set by the system when setting the grid type in the simulation software. For example, if you select an area and set a finer grid, the simulation software will automatically divide the area into grids of 0.04mm to 4mm.

[0112] Figure 3 This is a mesh partitioning diagram of the simulation model of the arc ablation resistance of the insulating material surface in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0113] Step 6: Based on the custom mesh from Step 5, the magnetohydrodynamic control equations are iteratively solved using COMSOL finite element simulation software to obtain the temperature distribution of the insulating material under different arc ablation times.

[0114] The implementation process of step 6 is as follows:

[0115] Step 6.1: In the COMSOL finite element simulation software, a continuous arc ablation simulation is performed using an arc ablation resistant model of the insulating material surface. The parameters describing the electro-magnetic-thermal-fluid behavior are solved by coupled iteratively solving the magnetohydrodynamic equations to simulate the continuous arc ablation process on the insulating material surface.

[0116] Step 6.2: After the continuous arc ablation process on the surface of the insulating material ends, terminate the simulation calculation, extract the calculation results of potential distribution and temperature distribution at different times, and draw the temperature distribution map of the insulating material under different arc ablation times.

[0117] Step 7, extract the temperature in the arc ablation process in the temperature distribution diagram, and compare with the insulation material TGA curve, and judge the degree of arc ablation resistance of the insulation material.

[0118] Figure 4 The temperature distribution diagram of the insulation material under four arc ablation times is shown in the figure. According to the TGA curve, the initial melting and decomposition temperature of the insulation material can be determined. The TGA curve of the epoxy resin sheet selected in this embodiment is shown in the figure. Figure 5 As can be seen from the figure, the epoxy resin material begins to melt and decompose at about 160 DEG C, and the remaining mass almost reaches the minimum value at about 420 DEG C, which represents that the epoxy resin is almost completely melted and decomposed.

[0119] The application also provides a device, including a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the steps of the simulation method for arc ablation resistance of the insulation material surface based on magnetohydrodynamics.

[0120] The application also provides a computer program product, including computer programs / instructions, which are executed by the processor to realize the steps of the simulation method for arc ablation resistance of the insulation material surface based on magnetohydrodynamics.

[0121] The application also provides a readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed to realize the steps of the simulation method for arc ablation resistance of the insulation material surface based on magnetohydrodynamics.

[0122] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the application, and is not used to limit the application, any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement within the spirit and principle of the application should be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surfaces based on magnetohydrodynamics, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Establish a three-dimensional arc-erosion resistant model of the insulating material surface and import it into the COMSOL finite element simulation software; Step 2: In the simulation process, several constraints are introduced to constrain the arc ablation resistance model of the insulating material surface. Step 3: Construct a set of magnetohydrodynamic governing equations to describe the physical properties of the arc plasma; the set of magnetohydrodynamic governing equations includes the magnetohydrodynamic mass conservation equation, the magnetohydrodynamic flux conservation equation, the energy conservation equation, the magnetic field equation, and the electric field equation. Step 4: In the COMSOL finite element simulation software, select the magnetic field and electric field module, laminar flow module, heat transfer module and circuit module to set the boundary conditions of the arc ablation resistance model of the insulating material surface; Step 5: In the COMSOL finite element simulation software, perform user-defined mesh settings. Specifically, the columnar arc calculation domain mesh is a refined mesh, and the other calculation domain meshes are coarsened meshes. Step 6: Based on the custom mesh from Step 5, the magnetohydrodynamic control equations are iteratively solved using COMSOL finite element simulation software to obtain the temperature distribution of the insulating material under different arc ablation times. Step 7: Extract the temperature during the arc ablation process from the temperature distribution map and compare it with the TGA curve of the insulating material to determine the degree of arc ablation resistance of the insulating material.

2. The simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surfaces based on magnetohydrodynamics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc ablation resistant model of the insulating material surface described in step 1 consists of an insulating material sheet, two needle-shaped electrodes, a columnar arc, an insulating platform, and an air domain. The insulating platform is at the bottom, the insulating material sheet is placed in the center of the insulating platform, the two needle-shaped electrodes are placed in a V-shape above the insulating material, and the columnar arc is located between the two needle electrodes. The insulating platform, the area above the insulating material sheet, the columnar arc, and the area around the needle electrodes are all air domains.

3. The simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surfaces based on magnetohydrodynamics according to claim 2, characterized in that, The constraints mentioned in step 2 are: Assume the arc plasma is in laminar flow and neglect turbulence effects; The columnar arc of the electric arc plasma is completely ionized, and the columnar arc satisfies the local thermodynamic equilibrium condition. Arc plasma is an air arc, and its density, specific heat capacity, electrical conductivity, and net volumetric radiation coefficient are functions of temperature as a single variable. Ignore the effects of gravity and the inertial components of electrons; The effects of material transformation and metal vapor are ignored.

4. The simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surfaces based on magnetohydrodynamics according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 3, the expression for the magnetic flux mass conservation equation is: In the formula, The charge density of the ions; The velocity vector of the flow field. t For time, The expression represents calculating the partial derivative, and div represents calculating the divergence. Let the coordinates of the ion in the plane coordinate system be ( , The expression for the conservation equation of magnetic flux is: In the formula, , Let be the two velocity components of the ion's motion along the plane coordinate axes. Let be the viscosity coefficient of the fluid. Let grad represent the fluid pressure, and grad denote the gradient. , Let be the two momentum source components of the ion on the plane coordinate axis, and their expressions are as follows: In the formula, It is thermal conductivity. J For current density, B It represents the magnetic flux density; The expression for the conservation equation of magnetohydrodynamic energy is: In the formula, T For temperature, For mass heat capacity; For the heat source term, its expression is: In the formula, Boltzmann's constant, e For electron charge, E Electric field strength; Total volumetric radiation dissipation; The expression for the electric field equation is: and In the formula, For electrical conductivity, The electric potential is the electric field. The expression for the magnetic field equation is: and In the formula, The permeability of free space, A It is a magnetic vector.

5. The simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surfaces based on magnetohydrodynamics according to claim 4, characterized in that, The implementation process of step 4 is as follows: For the magnetic field and electric field modules, one of the needle electrodes is grounded at its tail end, and the other needle electrode is coupled to the circuit module at its tail end. The remaining boundaries of the two needle electrodes are set to be electrically insulated. For the circuit module, a two-end circuit network is set up. The open-circuit voltage of the circuit network is set to AC high voltage, one end is set to ground, and the other end is coupled to the magnetic field and electric field module. For the laminar flow module, the outer boundary of the air domain is set as an open boundary, and the remaining boundaries of the air domain are wall boundaries without slippage. For the heat transfer module, the outer boundary of the air domain is set as an open boundary, and the boundary around the insulating platform is set as a natural convection heat transfer boundary.

6. The simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surfaces based on magnetohydrodynamics according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mesh described in step 5 is a tetrahedral mesh; the refined mesh is defined as having a mesh size parameter range of 0.04mm to 4mm; the coarsened mesh is defined as having a mesh size parameter range of 5.6mm to 30mm.

7. The simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surfaces based on magnetohydrodynamics according to claim 6, characterized in that, The implementation process of step 6 is as follows: Step 6.1: In the COMSOL finite element simulation software, a continuous arc ablation simulation is performed using an arc ablation resistant model of the insulating material surface. The parameters describing the electro-magnetic-thermal-fluid behavior are solved by coupled iteratively solving the magnetohydrodynamic equations to simulate the continuous arc ablation process on the insulating material surface. Step 6.2: After the continuous arc ablation process on the surface of the insulating material ends, terminate the simulation calculation, extract the calculation results of potential distribution and temperature distribution at different times, and draw the temperature distribution map of the insulating material under different arc ablation times.

8. A device, characterized in that, The device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surfaces based on magnetohydrodynamics as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program / instruction that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surfaces based on magnetohydrodynamics as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program, which, when executed, implements the steps of the simulation method for arc ablation resistance of insulating material surface based on magnetohydrodynamics as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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