Formula of abalone feed taking sea horse teeth as raw material
By using abalone feed formulation with seahorse tussock as the main ingredient, combined with plant protein sources, compound minerals and probiotics, the problems of resource scarcity and uneven nutrition in traditional abalone feed have been solved, achieving abalone farming results with low cost and high efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511295141.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-11
AI Technical Summary
Traditional abalone feed suffers from a shortage of animal protein resources, resulting in high costs and environmental pollution. Its nutrient composition is also unreasonable, making it difficult to meet the needs of abalone at different growth stages and affecting growth rate and disease resistance.
Using seahorse dentate as the main raw material, combined with plant protein sources, compound minerals, vitamins, seaweed polysaccharide binders and compound probiotic preparations, the amount of spirulina powder added is adjusted according to the abalone shell length, and abalone feed is prepared through low-temperature drying and ultra-fine grinding processes to ensure precise nutrition and intestinal health.
It effectively reduces feed costs, decreases dependence on marine resources, increases abalone growth rate and disease resistance, improves meat quality, enhances feed utilization and survival rate, and promotes green and environmentally friendly aquaculture.
Smart Images
Figure CN120918332A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of abalone feed formulation technology, specifically to an abalone feed formulation using seahorse dentator as a raw material. Background Technology
[0002] In the abalone farming industry, feed formulation directly affects the growth rate, disease resistance, and meat quality of abalone. Traditional abalone feed mainly uses animal proteins such as fishmeal and shrimp meal as raw materials. However, with the rapid development of aquaculture, resources such as fishmeal are becoming increasingly scarce and their prices are constantly rising, leading to high farming costs. At the same time, the excessive use of animal protein can easily cause eutrophication of water bodies, resulting in environmental pollution. In addition, the nutrient composition ratio in existing feeds often does not fully consider the different needs of abalone at different growth stages, resulting in low nutrient utilization and prolonged growth cycles. Furthermore, some feeds lack highly effective probiotics and natural functional ingredients, making it difficult to effectively improve the intestinal health and immunity of abalone, making them more susceptible to disease during the farming process. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an abalone feed formula using seahorse tussock as raw material, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an abalone feed formula using seahorse dentator as raw material, comprising the following components by weight percentage: 40-60% dried seahorse dentata powder; 15-30% plant protein source; 5-12% compound mineral additives; 1-5% vitamin premix; 3-8% seaweed polysaccharide binder; 1-15% spirulina powder; the remainder is a compound probiotic preparation.
[0005] Furthermore, the amount of spirulina powder added is adjusted according to the abalone shell length. When the abalone shell length is 2.1-3.5cm, the amount added is 5-8%; when the shell length is 3.5-4.5cm, the amount added is 10-12%.
[0006] Furthermore, the method for preparing the dried seahorse dentata powder includes washing fresh seahorse dentata with seawater, drying it at a low temperature of 50-60℃ until the moisture content is ≤8%, and then pulverizing it into ultrafine particles with a particle size of 100-200 mesh.
[0007] Furthermore, the compound probiotic preparation includes Bacillus subtilis, Pediococcus lactis, and Rhodotorula rubrum.
[0008] Furthermore, the plant protein source is one or more combinations of soybean meal, peanut meal, or corn gluten meal.
[0009] Furthermore, the seaweed polysaccharide binder is sodium alginate.
[0010] Furthermore, the composite mineral additive uses one or more of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium.
[0011] Furthermore, the vitamin premix includes vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and B vitamins.
[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The main ingredient in this invention is seahorse dentate, which is rich in various amino acids, minerals, and bioactive substances. It is low-cost and widely available, replacing some traditional animal protein raw materials, effectively reducing feed costs while decreasing dependence on marine fishery resources and alleviating resource shortage pressures. The amount of spirulina powder added is adjusted according to the different shell length stages of abalone to achieve precise nutrient supply. In the juvenile stage, an appropriate amount of spirulina powder provides abundant protein and β-carotene, promoting rapid growth and pigment deposition in young abalone. In the mid-growth stage, increasing the proportion of spirulina powder meets the higher nutritional needs of abalone, further enhancing growth rate and disease resistance. The dried seahorse dentate powder is produced using seawater washing, low-temperature drying, and ultra-fine grinding processes. Seawater washing removes surface impurities while retaining trace elements related to the abalone's growth environment; low-temperature drying prevents the loss of heat-sensitive nutrients; and ultra-fine grinding facilitates digestion and absorption by abalone, improving feed utilization and thus enhancing abalone growth performance. The compound probiotic preparation contains Bacillus subtilis, Pediococcus lactis, and marine red yeast, which can regulate the balance of abalone's intestinal flora, enhance intestinal digestive function and immunity; the seaweed polysaccharide binder not only plays a binding role, but also has immunomodulatory and anti-stress effects; the compound mineral and vitamin premix comprehensively supplements the nutrients required for abalone growth, and the synergistic effect of multiple components significantly improves the disease resistance and survival rate of abalone, improves meat quality, and contributes to green and environmentally friendly aquaculture. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0014] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0015] Reference Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides an abalone feed formula using sea purslane as raw material. The formula consists of: 50% dried sea purslane powder, 20% soybean meal, 10% spirulina powder (3.5-4.5cm), 8% compound mineral additive, 3% vitamin premix, 5% sodium alginate, and 4% compound probiotic preparation.
[0016] Preparation process: S1. Collect fresh seahorse teeth and rinse them with flowing seawater 3-5 times to remove surface mud, impurities and attached microorganisms; spread the washed seahorse teeth flat in a drying equipment, set the temperature to 50-60℃, and dry for 6-8 hours until the moisture content drops to ≤8%; after drying, pulverize the seahorse teeth to 100-200 mesh size using an ultra-micro pulverizer for later use. Select one or more of soybean meal, peanut meal or corn gluten powder according to the formula requirements, and grind them to 40-60 mesh to remove lumps and large particles of impurities. Spirulina powder was weighed and packaged separately according to the amount added to abalone of different shell lengths (5-8% for shell length 2.1-3.5cm; 10-12% for shell length 3.5-4.5cm). Bacillus subtilis, Pediococcus lactis and Rhodotorula rubra were mixed in a certain proportion to form a compound probiotic preparation. The preparation was diluted with sterile warm water at 35-40℃ at a ratio of 1:10, 0.5% glucose was added, and the mixture was stirred evenly and then allowed to stand for 1-2 hours to activate. S2. Weigh out the dried seahorse spur powder, plant protein source, compound mineral additive, vitamin premix, seaweed polysaccharide binder (sodium alginate), and spirulina powder of the corresponding shell length stage according to the formula ratio, and put them into a three-dimensional mixer; set the speed to 20-30 rpm and the mixing time to 15-20 minutes to ensure that the components are fully and evenly mixed; slowly spray the activated compound probiotic preparation into the mixture and continue mixing for 5-10 minutes to ensure that the probiotics are evenly distributed; S3. The uniformly mixed material is fed into a twin-screw extruder, with the screw temperature set at 60-70℃, the die orifice diameter at 1.5-2.5mm, and the extrusion speed at 30-40r / min to produce cylindrical pellet feed. The pellet feed is then placed in a fluidized bed dryer, with the drying temperature controlled at 45-55℃ and the drying time at 10-15 minutes, reducing the feed moisture content to 10-12% for easy storage and feeding. The dried feed is then quantitatively packaged in food-grade sealed bags.
[0017] Example 2 In this embodiment, the dry powder of seahorse is 40%, soybean meal + peanut meal (1:1) is 30%, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0018] Example 3 In this embodiment, the dry powder of seahorse is 60%, corn gluten powder is 15%, spirulina powder (2.1-3.5cm) is 5%, sodium alginate is 3%, and the other components are the same as in Example 1.
[0019] Example 4 In this embodiment, the ingredients are 55% dried spur carapace powder, 15% soybean meal, 12% spirulina powder (3.5-4.5cm), 3% compound probiotic preparation, and the rest are the same as in Example 1.
[0020] Examples 1-4 The operation is the same as in Example 1, except that the proportion of dried scalp hair powder is changed and other proportions are adjusted accordingly, as shown in Table 1.
[0021] Table 1: Effect of Hippocampal Dental Ratio on Feed Performance
[0022] Referring to Table 1: The optimal ratio of seahorse dent is 50-55%, which balances feed cost and digestibility (Examples 1 and 4). A higher ratio (60%) reduces costs but slightly decreases protein content.
[0023] Example 5 In this embodiment, the shell length is 2.1-3.5cm: 5% spirulina powder, 45% dentata, 25% soybean meal, 6% sodium alginate, and the rest are the same as in Example 1.
[0024] Example 6 In this embodiment, the shell length is 2.1-3.5cm, the spirulina powder content is 8%, the vitamin A content in the vitamin premix is increased by 20%, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0025] Example 7 In this embodiment, the shell length is 3.5-4.5cm: 10% spirulina powder, 50% dentata, 18% peanut meal, and the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is adjusted to 2:1. Other components are the same as in Embodiment 1.
[0026] Example 8 In this embodiment, the shell length is 3.5-4.5cm, the spirulina powder is 12%, the compound mineral additive is increased to 12%, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0027] Examples 5-8 The procedure is the same as in Example 1, except that the amount of spirulina powder added is matched with the abalone shell length, and other corresponding proportions are adjusted accordingly, as shown in Table 2.
[0028] Table 2: Effects of Spirulina Powder Addition on Abalone Growth
[0029] As shown in Table 2, when 8% of juvenile abalone (2.1-3.5cm) and 12% of medium abalone (3.5-4.5cm) were added, the daily weight gain was significantly improved and the survival rate exceeded 93%.
[0030] Example 9 In this embodiment, the plant protein source is only 20% soybean meal, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0031] Example 10 In this embodiment, the plant protein source is 20% peanut meal and 50% dented seahorse. Methionine needs to be added to balance the amino acid profile. The rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0032] Example 11 In this embodiment, the total content of soybean meal and corn gluten meal (3:1) is 20%, the content of B vitamins is increased by 15%, and the rest is the same as in embodiment 1.
[0033] Example 12 In this embodiment, soybean meal + peanut meal + corn gluten powder (2:1:1) are used, and the proportion of Pediococcus lactis in the compound probiotic preparation is increased to 40%, while the rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0034] Examples 9-12 The procedure is the same as in Example 1, except that the types and ratios of plant protein sources are changed, and other ratios are adjusted accordingly, as shown in Table 3.
[0035] Table 3: Effects of plant protein source type on amino acid balance
[0036] As shown in Table 3, a combination of multiple plant protein sources (such as in Example 12) can increase the proportion of essential amino acids to 35.6%, which is better than a single protein source.
[0037] Example 13 In this embodiment, the probiotic composition is Bacillus subtilis: Pediococcus lactis: Rhodotorula rubra = 3:3:4, and the rest of the formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0038] Example 14 In this embodiment, the probiotic composition is 5:2:3, the activation temperature is increased to 40℃, and the rest of the formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0039] Example 15 In this embodiment, Bacillus subtilis and marine red yeast (1:1) are used as probiotics, and the seaweed polysaccharide binder is increased to 8%. The rest of the formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0040] Example 16 In this embodiment, 1% yeast extract is added to the probiotic preparation, and the rest of the formulation is the same as in Example 1.
[0041] Examples 13-16 The procedure is the same as in Example 1, except that the composition ratio of the compound probiotic preparation is changed, as shown in Table 4.
[0042] Table 4. Optimization of the composition of compound probiotic preparations
[0043] Referring to Table 4, the optimal intestinal digestibility and immunity are achieved when Bacillus subtilis, Pediococcus lactis, and Rhodotorula rubra are combined in a ratio of 3:3:4 (Example 13).
[0044] Example 17 In this embodiment, the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is 1:1 (5% calcium, 5% phosphorus), the total amount of compound mineral additives is 10%, and the rest of the formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0045] Example 18 In this embodiment, the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is 2:1 (calcium 6.7%, phosphorus 3.3%), the vitamin D content is increased by 15%, and the rest of the formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0046] Example 19 In this embodiment, the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is 1:2 (calcium 3.3%, phosphorus 6.7%), and vitamin D3 0.5% is added. The rest of the formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0047] Example 20 In this embodiment, the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is 3:1 (7.5% calcium and 2.5% phosphorus), and the magnesium content in the compound minerals is increased by 20%. The rest of the formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0048] Examples 17-20 were performed using the same method as in Example 1, except that the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio was changed, as shown in Table 5.
[0049] Table 5: Effects of calcium-to-phosphorus ratio on abalone shell development
[0050] Referring to Table 5: When the optimal calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is 2:1 (Example 26), the shell hardness reaches 2.5 MPa, the calcium carbonate content increases by 20%, and the deformity rate is the lowest (3%), which is significantly better than other ratios.
[0051] Example 21 In this example, vitamin A is increased by 20% (5000 IU / kg), vitamin D / E content remains unchanged, and the rest of the formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0052] Example 22 In this embodiment, vitamin D is increased by 30% (2000 IU / kg), the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is 2:1, and the rest of the formulation is the same as in Example 1.
[0053] Example 23 In this example, vitamin E was increased by 50% (500 IU / kg), a low salinity stress experiment was set up (salinity 20‰), and the rest of the formulation was the same as in Example 1.
[0054] Example 24 In this embodiment, the vitamin A / D / E complex consists of vitamin A + 20%, vitamin D + 30%, and vitamin E + 50%, with the remaining ingredients the same as in Example 1.
[0055] Examples 21-24 were performed using the same method as in Example 1, except that the ratio of vitamins A, D, and E was changed, as shown in Table 6.
[0056] Table 6: Effects of Vitamin Content on Stress Resistance in Abalone
[0057] Referring to Table 6: Vitamin D and calcium / phosphorus work synergistically to enhance absorption; increasing vitamin D alone to 30% (Example 30) resulted in an 88% survival rate under salinity stress; Vitamin E has a significant antioxidant effect, and increasing it by 50% (Example 31) reduced transport mortality to 5%; when vitamins A / D / E are combined (Example 32), the stress resistance is optimal, with a survival rate of 95% and a 12% increase in growth rate. For abalone in the middle stage (3.5-4.5cm), a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of 2:1, vitamin A 5000 IU / kg, vitamin D 2000 IU / kg, and vitamin E 500 IU / kg are recommended.
[0058] Example 25 In this embodiment, the formula ratio is as follows: 45% dentata, 10% spirulina, 1.5:1 ratio of calcium to phosphorus, and 20% vitamins. The remaining formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0059] Example 26 In this embodiment, the formula ratio is as follows: 45% dentata, 11% spirulina, 2:1 ratio of calcium to phosphorus, and 30% vitamins. The remaining formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0060] Example 27 In this embodiment, the formula ratio is as follows: 45% dentata, 12% spirulina, 2.5:1 ratio of calcium to phosphorus, and 50% vitamins. The remaining formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0061] Example 28 In this embodiment, the formula ratio is as follows: 50% dentata, 10% spirulina, 2:1 ratio of calcium to phosphorus, and 50% vitamins. The remaining formulas are the same as in Example 1.
[0062] Example 29 In this embodiment, the formula ratio is as follows: 50% dentata, 11% spirulina, 2.5:1 ratio of calcium to phosphorus, and 20% vitamins. The remaining formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0063] Example 30 In this embodiment, the formula ratio is as follows: 50% dentata, 12% spirulina, 1.5:1 ratio of calcium to phosphorus, and 30% vitamins. The remaining formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0064] Example 31 In this embodiment, the formula ratio is as follows: 55% dentata, 10% spirulina, 2.5:1 ratio of calcium to phosphorus, and 30% vitamins. The remaining formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0065] Example 32 In this embodiment, the formula ratio is as follows: 55% dentata, 11% spirulina, 1.5:1 ratio of calcium to phosphorus, and 50% vitamins. The remaining formula is the same as in Example 1.
[0066] Examples 25-32 were performed using the same method as in Example 1, except that the ratio of dentata, spirulina, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins was changed and optimized, as shown in Table 7.
[0067] Table 7 Comparison of Orthogonal Experiment Data
[0068] Referring to Table 7: the factor with the greatest impact on growth rate is the proportion of seahorse denticle, followed by spirulina; shell hardness is highly correlated with the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio; survival rate is most significantly affected by seahorse denticle. Through orthogonal optimization of 8 examples, the proportion of seahorse denticle was determined to be the most critical factor affecting feed performance, with 50% being the optimal overall performance. The addition of 11% spirulina (for abalone) and a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of 2:1 have a synergistic effect, and an increase of more than 30% in vitamin complex can significantly enhance stress resistance.
Claims
1. A formula for abalone feed using seahorse dentator as raw material, characterized in that: It includes the following components by weight percentage: 40-60% dried seahorse dentata powder; 15-30% plant protein source; 5-12% compound mineral additives; 1-5% vitamin premix; 3-8% seaweed polysaccharide binder; 1-15% spirulina powder; the remainder is a compound probiotic preparation.
2. The abalone feed formula using seahorse tussock as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of spirulina powder added is adjusted according to the abalone shell length. When the abalone shell length is 2.1-3.5cm, the amount added is 5-8%; when the shell length is 3.5-4.5cm, the amount added is 10-12%.
3. The abalone feed formula using seahorse tussock as raw material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method for preparing the dried seahorse tooth powder includes washing fresh seahorse teeth with seawater, drying them at a low temperature of 50-60℃ until the moisture content is ≤8%, and then pulverizing them into ultrafine particles with a particle size of 100-200 mesh.
4. The abalone feed formula using seahorse tussock as raw material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The compound probiotic preparation includes Bacillus subtilis, Pediococcus lactis, and Rhodotorula rubra.
5. The abalone feed formula using seahorse tussock as raw material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The plant protein source is one or more of soybean meal, peanut meal, or corn gluten meal.
6. The abalone feed formula using seahorse tussock as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seaweed polysaccharide binder is sodium alginate.
7. The abalone feed formula using seahorse tussock as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite mineral additive uses one or more of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium.
8. The abalone feed formula using seahorse tusk as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vitamin premix includes vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and B vitamins.