Anti-seepage masonry wall

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-leakage masonry wall, and aims to solve the problem that a straight-line-shaped flat joint of a traditional masonry wall is prone to leakage. The wall comprises a wall body built by building blocks, the wall body comprises a vertical section and a horizontal section, and a Z-shaped horizontal mortar joint is formed between the upper building block and the lower building block of the vertical section and is meshed through a tongue-and-groove structure; and vertical mortar joints are formed between adjacent building blocks in the horizontal section and are staggered up and down. A plain concrete bearing and blocking structure is further arranged, and a water baffle, a matched fixing edge, a limiting groove, a water swelling rubber strip, a limiting block and the like are arranged on the top of the building block. According to the structure, the water seepage path is prolonged, dynamic sealing is achieved, the masonry precision is guaranteed, the anti-seepage performance is cooperatively improved, and the building safety and durability are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building wall technology, and in particular to a leak-proof masonry wall. Background Technology

[0002] Masonry walls are wall structures made of block materials such as bricks, blocks, and stones, bonded together with mortar. They are widely used in construction projects, serving functions such as load-bearing, enclosure, or space division. Their basic structure mainly consists of blocks and mortar. The blocks are constructed using specific masonry methods to form an integral wall. The mortar joints, which are the mortar filling the spaces between the blocks, are a crucial structural element connecting them. Traditional masonry often uses a straight-line block masonry method, with the mortar joints typically being horizontal, straight, flat joints.

[0003] However, in existing masonry wall structures, this straight-line joint construction has significant leakage problems. Due to water's extremely high permeability, it can gradually seep into the building interior through various forces such as wind pressure, convection, impact, adhesion, and capillary action, and the seepage process is often difficult to detect directly from the surface. Therefore, the traditional horizontal straight-line joint has weak resistance to water penetration. When outdoor water adheres to the wall surface, it easily overcomes resistance and seeps into the interior along the mortar joints under various external forces, becoming a major hidden danger of wall leakage. This seriously affects the building's safety and durability, thus necessitating improvements to the existing masonry structure to solve this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a seepage-proof masonry wall that addresses the problem of leakage caused by water penetration in traditional masonry walls with straight horizontal joints. By optimizing the block structure, mortar joint construction, and adding water-blocking sealing components and positioning devices, the seepage-proof capability of horizontal and vertical mortar joints is enhanced, improving the overall waterproof performance of the masonry wall and thus ensuring the safety and durability of the building.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a seepage-proof masonry wall, comprising a wall body formed by a plurality of masonry blocks, the wall body including a vertical section formed by a plurality of masonry blocks stacked vertically, wherein a horizontal mortar joint is formed between adjacent masonry blocks on the vertical section, the horizontal mortar joint being "Z"-shaped to block the path of water in the horizontal mortar joint; and further comprising a plain concrete support structure disposed between the wall body and the floor slab, and a plain concrete sealing structure disposed at the junction of the top of the wall body and the beam / slab.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the horizontal mortar joint is formed by interlocking tongue and groove structures on the end faces of two adjacent blocks. The tongue and groove structure includes a protrusion on the end face of the block and a recess that matches the protrusion. The protrusion and the recess on the same end face of the same block form a stepped structure.

[0007] In one possible implementation, both the plain concrete support structure and the plain concrete sealing structure include a connecting part, which is L-shaped and can interlock with the tongue and groove structure of the block end face.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the wall body further includes a horizontal section formed by stacking several blocks in a horizontal direction, on which vertical mortar joints are formed between adjacent blocks in a horizontal direction; the vertical mortar joints between adjacent blocks are staggered.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the top of the block is provided with a water-retaining plate that matches the width and length of the vertical mortar joint. The water-retaining plate is located in the middle of the recess and its two sides are in contact with the sides of the adjacent block.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the two sides of the baffle plate are provided with fixed edges extending outward, and the two sides of the block are provided with limiting grooves that match the baffle plate, and the fixed edges can be locked in the limiting grooves.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the fixed edge is arranged around the baffle plate, forming a closed trough structure, and the edge of the trough structure is provided with a water-swellable rubber strip that fits against the fixed edge.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the bottom of the baffle plate is provided with a first limiting block extending to both sides, and a support structure for placing blocks is formed between adjacent first limiting blocks in the horizontal direction; a second limiting block is detachably provided above the baffle plate, the second limiting block is used to press the top edge of two adjacent blocks to ensure that the horizontal height between the two blocks is consistent.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the side of the wall facing outward is designated as the outer side, the recessed portion at the top of the block is located outside the protrusion, and the recessed portion at the bottom of the block is located inside the protrusion.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the outward-facing side of the baffle plate is provided with an inclined guide surface.

[0015] In summary, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, this technical solution extends the horizontal seepage path of water by designing the horizontal mortar joints as Z-shaped and using a stepped tongue-and-groove structure. The staggered distribution of the blocks with "outer upper concave + inner lower concave" enhances the obstruction of water flow. For vertical mortar joints, staggered settings are used to avoid forming through channels. At the same time, water baffles directly block the openings of vertical mortar joints, and their inclined guiding surfaces direct water to the outside. The engagement of the fixed edge with the limiting groove and the sealing of the water-swellable rubber strip in the groove can dynamically fill the gaps. The first and second limiting blocks ensure masonry accuracy, making the various structures fit tightly together and work together to resist seepage forces such as wind pressure and capillary action. This solves the problem of easy water seepage in traditional straight "I"-shaped flat joints, effectively preventing water from seeping into the room, improving the anti-seepage performance of masonry walls and the safety and durability of buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural assembly diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a side view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a block structure diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the block according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the water baffle plate in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view at point A;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the cooperation in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the block assembly in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0027] 2. Main wall structure; 3. Block; 4. Vertical section; 5. Horizontal mortar joint; 6. Plain concrete support structure; 7. Plain concrete sealing structure; 8. Tongue and groove structure; 81. Protrusion; 82. Recess; 9. Connection; 10. Horizontal section; 11. Vertical mortar joint; 12. Water-retaining plate; 13. Fixed edge; 14. Limiting groove; 15. Water-swellable rubber strip; 16. First limiting block; 17. Support structure; 18. Second limiting block; 19. Guide surface.

[0028] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figure 1-3 As shown, this invention proposes a seepage-proof masonry wall, comprising a wall body 2 formed by a plurality of masonry blocks 3. The wall body 2 includes vertical sections 4 formed by stacking a plurality of masonry blocks 3 in a vertical direction and horizontal sections 10 formed by stacking a plurality of masonry blocks 3 in a horizontal direction. The plurality of vertical sections 4 and the plurality of horizontal sections 10 constitute a seepage-proof masonry wall. Figure 1 The masonry wall shown is provided, and the size and shape of the masonry cavity are adjusted according to actual construction needs.

[0032] A mortar joint is formed between adjacent blocks 3 for filling mortar. In the vertical section 4, a horizontal mortar joint 5 is formed between adjacent blocks 3. The horizontal mortar joint 5 is "Z" shaped and is used to block the path of water in the horizontal mortar joint 5. In the horizontal section 10, a vertical mortar joint 11 is formed between adjacent blocks 3 along the horizontal direction.

[0033] Specifically, such as Figure 2-3 As shown, the horizontal mortar joint 5 is formed by interlocking tongue-and-groove structures 8 on the end faces of two adjacent masonry blocks 3. The tongue-and-groove structure 8 includes a protrusion 81 on the end face of the masonry block 3 and a recess 82 that matches the protrusion 81. The protrusion 81 and the recess 82 on the same end face of the same masonry block 3 form a stepped structure. The recess 82 at the top of the masonry block 3 faces outward, and the protrusion 81 faces inward, thus preventing water from entering the room along the mortar joint under the action of gravity, further improving the waterproofing effect. The vertical mortar joints 11 that are adjacent vertically are staggered.

[0034] As can be seen from the above structure, this anti-seepage masonry wall effectively solves the leakage problem caused by the short penetration path and weak sealing ability of the "I"-shaped flat joints in traditional masonry walls through the targeted design of the horizontal mortar joint 5 and the vertical mortar joint 11. The specific effect and principle are as follows:

[0035] Regarding the horizontal mortar joint 5, in traditional masonry walls, the horizontal mortar joint 5 is a straight "I" shape. Water, driven by external forces such as wind pressure and capillary action, can quickly penetrate through the mortar joint along a straight line. However, in this design, the horizontal mortar joint 5 forms a "Z" shape through the interlocking of the protrusion 81 and recess 82 of the tongue-and-groove structure 8. The stepped structure formed by the protrusion 81 and recess 82 on the end face of the same block 3 transforms the horizontal seepage path from a straight line to a continuous, tortuous "Z" shape after adjacent blocks 3 are laid. This structural design significantly increases the water seepage resistance by extending the water seepage path. At the same time, the stepped protrusions and recesses utilize gravity to allow the infiltrated water to settle naturally in the tortuous path, making it difficult for it to continuously seep upwards or into the interior. This structurally blocks the horizontal seepage channel and enhances the anti-leakage capability of the horizontal mortar joint 5.

[0036] Looking at the vertical mortar joint 11, in traditional masonry walls, the vertical mortar joints 11 of the upper and lower layers often form a continuous vertical channel due to aligned masonry construction. Once water seeps in, it can directly penetrate the wall along this channel. However, in this design, the vertical mortar joints 11 on the horizontal section 10 are arranged with staggered vertical alignment. That is, the projection position of the upper vertical mortar joint 11 falls in the middle of the lower layer block 3, rather than directly above the lower layer vertical mortar joint 11. This staggered layout fundamentally avoids the formation of a continuous vertical channel. Even if a small amount of water seeps into a vertical mortar joint 11, it will be blocked by the solid part of the lower layer block 3 and cannot continue to penetrate downwards, thus cutting off the path of water penetrating the wall vertically and further reducing the risk of leakage.

[0037] In addition, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, it also includes a plain concrete support structure 6 set between the wall body 2 and the floor slab, and a plain concrete sealing structure 7 set at the junction of the top of the wall body 2 and the beam and slab; both the plain concrete support structure 6 and the plain concrete sealing structure 7 include a connecting part 9, which is "L" shaped and can interlock with the tongue and groove structure 8 on the end face of the block 3.

[0038] Specifically, the plain concrete support structure 6 is located at the connection between the bottom of the wall body 2 and the floor slab. Its "L"-shaped connection 9 is tightly interlocked with the tongue and groove structure 8 on the end face of the block 3. This interlocking relationship makes the support structure and the wall body 2 form an organic whole. It can not only provide stable support for the bottom of the wall and distribute the pressure of the wall's self-weight on the floor slab, but also block the path of water seepage from the gap between the floor slab and the wall through the density of the concrete material and the sealing of the tongue and groove. It can also prevent ground moisture or water from seeping upward along the capillary action of the contact surface between the two, thus building the first anti-seepage barrier for the bottom of the wall.

[0039] Correspondingly, the plain concrete sealing structure 7 is set at the junction of the top of the wall body 2 and the beam and slab. Its "L"-shaped connection 9 also interlocks with the tongue and groove structure 8 of the block 3. This design can effectively constrain the top of the wall and reduce the displacement of the wall caused by settlement or temperature deformation. On the other hand, it can tightly cover the gap between the top of the wall and the beam and slab through the sealing property of the concrete structure. With the continuous sealing surface formed by the tongue and groove, it can prevent external rainwater or water vapor in the air from seeping into the interior of the wall from the top gap. In particular, it can block water flowing along the lower surface of the beam and slab from entering the junction of the wall and the beam and slab.

[0040] Furthermore, since both the supporting and sealing structures are made of plain concrete, its material strength and durability are superior to ordinary mortar. The interlocking with the tongue and groove of the masonry block 3 avoids the weakness of relying solely on mortar bonding at traditional joints. This allows the wall to withstand structural stress and maintain its sealing performance for a long time at key joints where it connects with floor slabs, beams, and slabs. Together with the "Z"-shaped structure of the horizontal mortar joint 5 and the staggered setting of the vertical mortar joint 11, it forms a comprehensive anti-leakage system from bottom to top and from horizontal to vertical, further enhancing the overall reliability of the masonry wall.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Based on Example 1, the shape of the block 3 has changed, and the design of its tongue and groove structure 8 will increase the construction difficulty of the wall during construction, especially the installation accuracy of the block 3, which needs to ensure that the position between adjacent blocks 3 does not shift significantly; therefore, this example improves the structure of the block 3 to address the above problems.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, with the side of the wall facing outward as the outer side, the recessed part 82 at the top of the block 3 is located outside the protrusion 81, and the recessed part 82 at the bottom is located inside the protrusion 81; the top of the block 3 is provided with a water baffle 12 that matches the width and length of the vertical mortar joint 11. The water baffle 12 is located in the middle of the recessed part 82, and its two sides are in contact with the horizontally adjacent sides of the block 3. The side facing outward is provided with an inclined guide surface 19.

[0044] In this design, the top recessed portion 82 of the block 3 is located outside the protruding portion 81, and the bottom recessed portion 82 is located inside the protruding portion 81. During construction, the first layer of blocks 3 is first placed in the correct positions, and subsequent blocks 3 are stacked layer by layer. The tongue and groove structure 8 of the upper and lower blocks 3 naturally interlock to form a Z-shaped horizontal mortar joint 5, which extends the water seepage path and uses gravity to guide the seeping water to settle outwards, thus solving the problem of weak water-blocking capacity of traditional horizontal mortar joints 5.

[0045] The water-retaining plate 12 at the top of the block 3 matches the vertical mortar joint 11, located in the middle of the recess 82, and adhering to the sides of the adjacent block 3 on both sides. During construction, the water-retaining plate 12 is positioned synchronously with the block 3. The water-retaining plate 12 can be integrally formed with the block 3 during manufacturing, or it can be manually installed to the block 3 before leaving the factory. The water-retaining plate 12 extends directly to the top of the vertical mortar joint 11. The outward-facing side of the water-retaining plate 12 has an inclined guide surface 19. After the vertical mortar joint 11 is filled with mortar, the guide surface 19 is hidden, but it can guide the water that seeps into the mortar joint to flow to the bottom, avoiding water accumulation and solving the problem of water accumulation and leakage caused by traditional vertical mortar joints 11.

[0046] At the same time, such as Figure 7-8 As shown, the two sides of the baffle plate 12 extend outward to form a fixed edge 13. The two sides of the block 3 are provided with limiting grooves 14 that match the baffle plate 12. The fixed edge 13 can be inserted into the limiting groove 14, and the fixed edge 13 forms a closed groove structure around the baffle plate 12. The edge of the groove structure is provided with a water-swellable rubber strip 15 that fits with the fixed edge 13.

[0047] The fixed edges 13 on both sides of the water-blocking plate 12 are inserted into the limiting grooves 14 on the side of the block 3, which can quickly position the water-blocking plate 12 during construction and prevent it from shifting. The fixed edges 13 form a closed groove around the water-blocking plate 12. When the block 3 is being built, mortar can be directly applied to the closed groove and then fit into the limiting grooves 14 of the adjacent block 3, thereby connecting the two blocks 3. The water-swellable rubber strip 15 in the groove is squeezed during construction to achieve initial sealing. If water seeps in later through the vertical mortar joint 11, the rubber strip will expand after contact with water to fill the gap and actively block water, solving the problems of easy loosening and sealing failure of the water-blocking structure.

[0048] In addition, such as Figure 5-7 As shown, the bottom of the baffle plate 12 is provided with a first limiting block 16 extending to both sides, and a support structure 17 for placing the block 3 is formed between the horizontally adjacent first limiting blocks 16. A second limiting block 18 is also detachably provided above the baffle plate 12. The second limiting block 18 is used to press the top edges of two horizontally adjacent blocks 3 to ensure that the two blocks are at the same horizontal height.

[0049] The first limiting block 16 at the bottom of the water-blocking plate 12 forms a support structure 17. When the upper block 3 is laid, the bottom of the block 3 will fall on the first limiting block 16 of the two adjacent blocks 3 below, thereby supporting the upper block 3, ensuring the height stability between the upper block 3 and the lower block 3, ensuring the uniform thickness of the horizontal mortar joint 5, making the tongue and groove tightly interlocked and the mortar fully filled, thus solving the problem of uneven thickness of the horizontal mortar joint 5 affecting waterproofing.

[0050] And such Figure 6 As shown, the second limiting block 18 above the water baffle 12 can be hammered in after the adjacent blocks 3 are initially placed, pressing the top edges of the adjacent blocks 3 in the horizontal direction to align horizontally, ensuring precise interlocking of the upper and lower tongues and grooves, avoiding gaps due to height deviation, and solving the problem of low alignment accuracy of blocks 3 during construction.

[0051] In summary, this embodiment solves the problems in the prior art, such as the difficulty in construction and installation accuracy due to the complex tongue and groove structure 8 during masonry wall construction, as well as the problems of insufficient water-blocking path in the horizontal mortar joint 5, easy water accumulation in the vertical mortar joint 11, and easy failure of the sealing of the water-blocking structure, by using the water-blocking plate 12 to physically block the vertical mortar joint 11, the drainage guidance of the inclined guide surface 19, the rapid positioning of the fixed edge 13 and the limiting groove 14, the dynamic sealing compensation of the water-swellable rubber strip 15, and the dual control of the mortar joint thickness and the alignment accuracy of the block 3 by the first and second limiting blocks 18.

[0052] During the masonry process, thanks to the self-positioning and auxiliary calibration functions of each structure, the precise stacking of blocks 3 and the uniform filling of mortar joints can be achieved without relying on high-precision construction equipment, significantly reducing the dependence on the skill level of construction personnel. At the same time, through multi-dimensional anti-seepage structural design, the wall can effectively block the water seepage path and avoid water accumulation damage to the structure during use. Ultimately, the construction efficiency and anti-seepage performance of the masonry wall are improved simultaneously, providing a reliable guarantee for the long-term stable use of the masonry wall.

[0053] In the accompanying drawings of this embodiment, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this patent. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0054] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A seepage-proof masonry wall, comprising a wall body (2) formed by a plurality of masonry blocks (3), characterized in that, The wall body (2) includes a vertical section (4) formed by stacking several blocks (3) in a vertical direction. On the vertical section (4), a horizontal mortar joint (5) is formed between adjacent blocks (3). The horizontal mortar joint (5) is "Z" shaped and is used to block the path of water in the horizontal mortar joint (5). It also includes a plain concrete support structure (6) set between the wall body (2) and the floor slab, and a plain concrete sealing structure (7) set at the junction of the top of the wall body (2) and the beam and slab.

2. The anti-seepage masonry wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal mortar joint (5) is formed by interlocking the tongue and groove structure (8) on the end face of two adjacent blocks (3). The tongue and groove structure (8) includes a protrusion (81) on the end face of the block (3) and a recess (82) that matches the protrusion (81). The protrusion (81) and the recess (82) on the same end face of the same block (3) form a stepped structure.

3. A seepage-proof masonry wall according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the plain concrete support structure (6) and the plain concrete sealing structure (7) include a connecting part (9), which is "L" shaped and can interlock with the tongue and groove structure (8) on the end face of the block (3).

4. A seepage-proof masonry wall according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wall body (2) also includes a horizontal section (10) formed by stacking several blocks (3) in the horizontal direction. On the horizontal section (10), vertical mortar joints (11) are formed between adjacent blocks (3) in the horizontal direction. The vertical mortar joints (11) that are adjacent to each other are staggered.

5. A seepage-proof masonry wall according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top of the block (3) is provided with a water baffle (12) that matches the width and length of the vertical mortar joint (11). The water baffle (12) is located in the middle of the recess (82) and its two sides are in contact with the sides of the adjacent block (3).

6. A seepage-proof masonry wall according to claim 5, characterized in that, The water baffle (12) has fixed edges (13) extending outward from both sides. The block (3) has limiting grooves (14) on both sides that match the water baffle (12). The fixed edges (13) can be locked in the limiting grooves (14).

7. A seepage-proof masonry wall according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fixed edge (13) is arranged around the water baffle (12), forming a closed trough structure. The edge of the trough structure is provided with a water-swellable rubber strip (15) that fits against the fixed edge (13).

8. A seepage-proof masonry wall according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bottom of the baffle plate (12) is provided with a first limiting block (16) extending to both sides, and a support structure (17) for placing the block (3) is formed between adjacent first limiting blocks (16) in the horizontal direction; a second limiting block (18) is detachably provided above the baffle plate (12), and the second limiting block (18) is used to squeeze the top edge of two adjacent blocks (3) to ensure that the horizontal height between the two blocks (3) is consistent.

9. A seepage-proof masonry wall according to any one of claims 5-8, characterized in that, With the side of the wall facing outward as the outer side, the recessed part (82) at the top of the block (3) is located outside the protrusion (81), and the recessed part (82) at the bottom of the block (3) is located inside the protrusion (81).

10. A seepage-proof masonry wall according to claim 9, characterized in that, The water baffle (12) has an inclined guide surface (19) on the outer side.

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