Method for optimizing technology for painting, glazing and firing porcelain on crystal surface

Abstract

The invention provides a method for optimizing a technology for painting, glazing and firing porcelain on a crystal surface, the optimized crystal belongs to a high-temperature-resistant material which is hard in texture, high in density and poor in adhesive force and has very high requirements on coloring and glazing of underglaze color, and pigments and glaze materials with strong adhesive force need to be manufactured, firstly, the surface of an optimized crystal object is polished to be in a moderate frosted state; then, pigment with moderate water content and extremely fine granularity is used for drawing, first-time fixation firing is carried out after coloring, and the highest firing temperature is 600 DEG C; after cooling, glaze is sprayed for 1-2 times for secondary firing, the temperature is selected according to the glaze, repeated coloring and glazing and repeated firing can also be performed according to creation requirements, and the highest firing temperature does not exceed 1650 DEG C. And the peak high-temperature time is controlled to be 10-20 minutes, so that the effect of fusing the glazing color and the crystal surface can be realized. According to the method, the defects that in the prior art, crystal and glaze are difficult to combine, and the firing effect is not ideal are overcome, and the exquisite and lasting crystal surface decoration effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of handicrafts manufacturing technology, and in particular to a method for optimizing the technique of painting, glazing, and firing porcelain on crystal surfaces. Background Technology

[0002] Crystal products are highly sought after in jewelry, handicrafts, and other fields due to their clarity and high luster. Traditional crystal processing techniques mainly focus on cutting and carving to showcase the natural beauty of crystal.

[0003] However, the process of painting and glazing on crystal surfaces and then processing them using porcelain-making techniques is not yet mature.

[0004] On the one hand, it is difficult to combine crystal with ceramic glaze. Because crystal has a smooth surface and relatively stable chemical properties, ordinary glaze is difficult to adhere firmly and form an ideal decorative effect during the firing process. On the other hand, parameters such as temperature control and atmosphere adjustment during the firing process need to be precisely matched to the physical properties of the crystal; otherwise, it is easy to cause problems such as crystal cracking, deformation, or poor glaze color. These factors limit the innovation and development of crystal surface decoration technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for optimizing the technique of painting and glazing porcelain on crystal surfaces. This method overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the difficulty in bonding crystal and glaze and the unsatisfactory firing results, thereby achieving a beautiful and durable decorative effect on crystal surfaces.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for optimizing the technique of painting, glazing, and firing porcelain on a crystal surface includes the following steps: S1. Crystal surface pretreatment: (1) Cleaning and polishing: Clean the surface of the crystal product with mild detergent and water to remove surface oil and impurities, and then use sandpaper to lightly polish the crystal surface; (2) Chemical treatment: Immerse the polished crystal products in a solution containing silane coupling agent for 30-60 minutes. The concentration of silane coupling agent is 2%-5%. After immersion, take out the crystal products, rinse them with clean water and dry them. S2. Glaze preparation and painting: (1) Glaze selection and preparation: Select ceramic glaze suitable for firing on the crystal surface. The glaze is based on high-temperature transparent glaze, with appropriate amounts of low-temperature pigments and fluxes added. The amount of flux added is controlled at 5%-10% of the total weight of the glaze. After mixing these raw materials, ball mill them to a fineness of 250-300 mesh to ensure that the glaze is uniform and delicate. (2) Painting creation: Use a ceramic painting brush or spray gun to paint the prepared glaze on the crystal surface according to the design pattern. When painting, control the thickness of the glaze to 0.2-0.5 mm. S3. Firing process: (1) Low temperature preheating: Place the crystal product with the glaze applied into an electric kiln or a gas kiln, and heat it to 400-500℃ at a heating rate of 2-3℃ / minute for low temperature preheating for 1-2 hours. (2) Medium temperature firing: Continue to heat the temperature to 800-900℃ at a rate of 1.5-2.5℃ / min for medium temperature firing for 2-3 hours; (3) High-temperature firing: The temperature is raised to 1000-1200℃ at a rate of 1-2℃ / minute for high-temperature firing for 1-2 hours; (4) Cooling treatment: After firing, the temperature is reduced to 800℃ at a rate of 3-5℃ / min, then reduced to 400℃ at a rate of 1-2℃ / min, and finally cooled to room temperature naturally. S4. Post-processing: (1) Surface grinding and polishing: The surface of the fired crystal products is ground by using 1500-2000 grit sandpaper for fine grinding, and then polished with polishing paste or polishing wheel; (2) Quality inspection: Conduct a comprehensive quality inspection on the crystal products after the finishing process.

[0007] Preferably, in S1, the grit of the sandpaper used is selected to be between 800 and 1200 grit to increase the roughness of the crystal surface and improve the adhesion of the glaze, but it is necessary to ensure that the crystal still maintains a high degree of transparency and luster after polishing.

[0008] Preferably, in S2, a lead-borosilicate transparent glaze can be used, and colorants such as cobalt oxide and copper oxide can be added to obtain different color effects. The flux can be sodium feldspar.

[0009] Preferably, during the high-temperature firing process in S3, it is necessary to precisely control the kiln atmosphere. Using an oxidizing atmosphere can make some pigments exhibit bright and vivid colors, while using a reducing atmosphere can obtain deep and soft tones.

[0010] Preferably, in the quality inspection process of S4, the quality inspection includes checking the bonding strength between the glaze and the crystal, the flatness of the glaze surface, the color uniformity, and the overall appearance integrity of the crystal product, and using an adhesion tester and a colorimeter for testing.

[0011] Preferably, in the painting process of S2, for fine patterns, a method of multiple painting and layer drying is adopted.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention achieves a perfect combination of crystal and ceramic glaze through special pretreatment of the crystal surface, careful formulation of glaze, precise control of the firing process, and improved post-processing. Crystal handicrafts made using this method feature exquisitely painted and glazed decorations, vibrant colors, and durability. The glaze adheres tightly to the crystal, resisting peeling or fading. It retains the crystal's translucent qualities while adding rich artistic expression to the ceramic glaze, significantly enhancing the artistic and commercial value of crystal products. These products can be widely used in high-end gifts, art collections, and home decoration, possessing broad market prospects and innovative significance. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0015] Example 1 Reference Figure 1 A method for optimizing the painting, glazing, and firing technique for porcelain on crystal surfaces includes the following steps: S1. Crystal surface pretreatment: (1) Cleaning and polishing: Clean the surface of the crystal product with mild detergent and water to remove surface oil and impurities. Then, use sandpaper to lightly polish the crystal surface. The grit of the sandpaper should be 800 grit to increase the roughness of the crystal surface and improve the adhesion of the glaze. However, it is important to ensure that the crystal still maintains high transparency and luster after polishing. (2) Chemical treatment: Immerse the polished crystal products in a solution containing silane coupling agent for 30 minutes. The concentration of silane coupling agent is 2%. The silane coupling agent can form an organic active layer on the crystal surface, further enhancing the chemical bonding between the crystal and the glaze. After immersion, remove the crystal products, rinse them with clean water, and dry them.

[0016] S2. Glaze preparation and painting: (1) Glaze selection and preparation: Select ceramic glazes suitable for firing on crystal surfaces. The glaze is based on high-temperature transparent glaze, with appropriate amounts of low-temperature colorants and fluxes added. For example, lead borosilicate transparent glaze can be used, with colorants such as cobalt oxide and copper oxide added to obtain different color effects. Fluxes such as albite can be used, and the amount of flux added should be controlled at 5% of the total weight of the glaze. After mixing these raw materials, ball mill them to a fineness of 250 mesh to ensure that the glaze is uniform and delicate.

[0017] (2) Painting Creation: Using a special ceramic painting brush or airbrush, apply the prepared glaze to the crystal surface according to the design pattern. When painting, pay attention to controlling the thickness of the glaze. The thickness is generally between 0.2 mm. If it is too thick, the glaze may flow and crack during the firing process. If it is too thin, the ideal color and decorative effect cannot be achieved. For some intricate patterns, multiple painting and layer drying methods can be used.

[0018] S3. Firing process: (1) Low-temperature preheating: Place the crystal product with the glaze applied into an electric kiln or a gas kiln, and heat it to 400°C at a heating rate of 2°C / minute for low-temperature preheating for 1 hour. The main purpose of this step is to allow the moisture and organic components in the glaze to evaporate slowly, so as to avoid defects such as bubbles and pinholes during the subsequent high-temperature firing process.

[0019] (2) Medium-temperature firing: Continue heating at a rate of 1.5℃ / min to 800℃ for medium-temperature firing for 2 hours. During this stage, the glaze begins to melt and initially bond with the crystal surface. The flux begins to play its role, lowering the melting point of the glaze and allowing it to adhere better to the crystal. At the same time, the colorant gradually exhibits a stable color.

[0020] (3) High-temperature firing: The temperature is then increased to 1000℃ at a rate of 1℃ / minute for high-temperature firing for 1 hour. This stage is crucial. At high temperatures, the glaze forms a strong chemical bond with the crystal surface, and the glaze layer completely melts to form a smooth and dense decorative layer. During the firing process, it is necessary to precisely control the kiln atmosphere. For example, using an oxidizing atmosphere can make some pigments exhibit bright and vivid colors, while using a reducing atmosphere can obtain deep and soft tones.

[0021] (4) Cooling treatment: After firing, the temperature is reduced to 800°C at a rate of 3°C / min, then reduced to 400°C at a rate of 1°C / min, and finally cooled to room temperature naturally. The slow cooling process helps to reduce the stress between the glaze and the crystal caused by thermal expansion and contraction, and prevents the glaze from cracking or falling off.

[0022] S4. Post-processing: (1) Surface grinding and polishing: The surface of the fired crystal products is ground to remove any glaze buildup or unevenness that may occur at the edges. Fine grinding is done with 1500 grit sandpaper, followed by polishing with polishing paste or a polishing wheel to restore the original transparency and luster of the crystal surface. At the same time, the glaze decoration is made brighter and smoother, further enhancing the beauty and texture of the products.

[0023] (2) Quality Inspection: A comprehensive quality inspection is conducted on the finished crystal products, including checking the bonding strength between the glaze and the crystal, the smoothness of the glaze surface, the uniformity of color, and the overall appearance integrity of the crystal products. Professional equipment such as adhesion testers and colorimeters are used for testing to ensure that the products meet relevant quality standards.

[0024] Example 2 Select a crystal cube measuring 5×5×1 cm. First, perform surface pretreatment: wash with clean water and mild detergent, then lightly sand with 1000-grit sandpaper. Next, soak in a 3% silane coupling agent solution for 45 minutes, then rinse and dry. For the glaze, choose a lead-borosilicate transparent glaze, adding 2% cobalt oxide as a colorant and 8% albite as a flux, and ball-mill to 300 grit. Use a spray gun to apply the glaze to the crystal surface in a 0.3 mm thickness, creating a floral pattern. Place the finished crystal in an electric kiln and pre-fire at 450°C at a rate of 2.5°C / min for 1.5 hours. Then fire at 850°C at a rate of 2°C / min for 2.5 hours, followed by a firing at 1100°C at a rate of 1.5°C / min for 1.5 hours. Afterward, cool to 800°C at a rate of 4°C / min, then to 400°C at a rate of 1.5°C / min, and allow to cool naturally. Finally, sand the edges with 1800-grit sandpaper and polish. The resulting crystal products have clear floral patterns, a bright blue glaze, and a tight bond between the glaze and the crystal, resulting in a smooth and glossy surface.

[0025] Example 3 For a crystal ball (6 cm in diameter), after cleaning, it is polished with 1200-grit sandpaper and soaked in a 2% silane coupling agent solution for 60 minutes. A lead-borosilicate transparent glaze is used, with 3% copper oxide pigment and 5% sodium feldspar flux added, and the glaze is ball-milled to 250 grit. A landscape pattern is hand-painted using a ceramic painting brush, with the glaze thickness controlled at 0.2 mm. It is then placed in a gas-fired kiln and pre-fired at 500℃ for 1 hour at a rate of 2℃ / min, then fired at 900℃ for 2 hours at a rate of 1.5℃ / min, and finally fired at 1200℃ for 1 hour at a rate of 1℃ / min. The temperature is then reduced to 800℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and then to 400℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, allowing it to cool naturally. After polishing with 2000-grit sandpaper, the landscape pattern on the crystal ball is simple and elegant, with the glaze and crystal perfectly integrated, resulting in a crystal-clear and artistically appealing piece.

[0026] The above embodiments achieve a perfect combination of crystal and ceramic glaze through special pretreatment of the crystal surface, careful formulation of glaze, precise control of the firing process, and improved post-processing. Crystal handicrafts made using the method of this invention feature exquisitely painted and glazed decorations, vibrant colors, and durability. The glaze adheres tightly to the crystal, making it resistant to peeling or fading. This method retains the crystal's translucent qualities while adding rich artistic expression to the ceramic glaze, significantly enhancing the artistic and commercial value of crystal products. These products can be widely used in high-end gifts, art collections, and home decoration, possessing broad market prospects and innovative significance.

[0027] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the technique of painting, glazing, and firing porcelain on a crystal surface, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Crystal surface pretreatment: (1) Cleaning and polishing: Clean the surface of the crystal product with mild detergent and water to remove surface oil and impurities, and then use sandpaper to lightly polish the crystal surface; (2) Chemical treatment: Immerse the polished crystal products in a solution containing silane coupling agent for 30-60 minutes. The concentration of silane coupling agent is 2%-5%. After immersion, take out the crystal products, rinse them with clean water and dry them. S2. Glaze preparation and painting: (1) Glaze selection and preparation: Select ceramic glaze suitable for firing on the crystal surface. The glaze is based on high-temperature transparent glaze, with appropriate amounts of low-temperature pigments and fluxes added. The amount of flux added is controlled at 5%-10% of the total weight of the glaze. After mixing these raw materials, ball mill them to a fineness of 250-300 mesh to ensure that the glaze is uniform and delicate. (2) Painting creation: Use a ceramic painting brush or spray gun to paint the prepared glaze on the crystal surface according to the design pattern. When painting, control the thickness of the glaze to 0.2-0.5 mm. S3. Firing process: (1) Low temperature preheating: Place the crystal product with the glaze applied into an electric kiln or a gas kiln, and heat it to 400-500℃ at a heating rate of 2-3℃ / minute for low temperature preheating for 1-2 hours. (2) Medium temperature firing: Continue to heat the temperature to 800-900℃ at a rate of 1.5-2.5℃ / min for medium temperature firing for 2-3 hours; (3) High-temperature firing: The temperature is raised to 1000-1200℃ at a rate of 1-2℃ / minute for high-temperature firing for 1-2 hours; (4) Cooling treatment: After firing, the temperature is reduced to 800℃ at a rate of 3-5℃ / min, then reduced to 400℃ at a rate of 1-2℃ / min, and finally cooled to room temperature naturally. S4. Post-processing: (1) Surface grinding and polishing: The surface of the fired crystal products is ground by using 1500-2000 grit sandpaper for fine grinding, and then polished with polishing paste or polishing wheel; (2) Quality inspection: Conduct a comprehensive quality inspection on the crystal products after the finishing process.

2. The method for optimizing the painting, glazing, and firing technology of porcelain on a crystal surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the grit of the sandpaper used is selected to be between 800 and 1200 grit to increase the roughness of the crystal surface and improve the adhesion of the glaze, but it is necessary to ensure that the crystal still maintains a high degree of transparency and luster after polishing.

3. The method for optimizing the painting, glazing, and firing technology of porcelain on a crystal surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, a lead borosilicate transparent glaze can be used, and colorants such as cobalt oxide and copper oxide can be added to obtain different color effects. The flux can be sodium feldspar.

4. The method for optimizing the painting, glazing, and firing technology of porcelain on a crystal surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the high-temperature firing process in S3, it is necessary to precisely control the kiln atmosphere. Using an oxidizing atmosphere can make some pigments exhibit bright and vivid colors, while using a reducing atmosphere can obtain deep and soft tones.

5. The method for optimizing the painting, glazing, and firing technology of porcelain on a crystal surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the S4 quality inspection process, the quality inspection includes checking the bonding strength between the glaze and the crystal, the flatness of the glaze surface, the color uniformity, and the overall appearance integrity of the crystal products. Adhesion testers and colorimeters are used for testing.

6. The method for optimizing the painting, glazing, and firing technology of crystal surface porcelain according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S2 painting process, for intricate patterns, a method of multiple painting and layered drying is used.

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