A dual-mode hydrogen supply based solid-state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of automobile energy supply, in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system based on dual-mode hydrogen supply, which comprises a hydrogen supply path identification module, a hydrogen storage unit state monitoring module, a linkage path switching module, a fuel cell load matching module and a safety hydrogen discharge control module. In the present application, the hydrogen supply pressure difference is obtained by dynamically comparing the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank cavity and the hydrogen inlet pressure of the fuel cell, which can accurately identify the current hydrogen supply path state in the early stage, realize the rapid determination of the hydrogen supply mode and the precise control of the path switching, effectively screen whether there is a hydrogen supply interruption risk, use the cross comparison of the key state signals of the main channel and the standby channel to improve the reliability of the hydrogen supply path switching, and through the linkage feedback mechanism between the hydrogen concentration unit time change rate and the catalytic converter control power, the instant response and energy consumption optimization of the hydrogen discharge safety control are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive energy supply technology, and in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system based on dual-mode hydrogen supply. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system is an energy supply system that integrates a solid-state hydrogen storage device and a fuel cell into the same powertrain structure. The system efficiently supplies energy to the electric drive system by storing hydrogen in a high-density, safe solid state and releasing it to the fuel cell when needed. Its main applications are in new energy vehicles, especially hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, to improve hydrogen storage safety, extend driving range, shorten refueling time, and optimize volume utilization and power output efficiency through system integration.

[0003] Traditional powertrain systems lack a multi-parameter joint judgment mechanism for identifying hydrogen supply status. This makes it difficult to promptly identify and respond to path switching when the hydrogen storage unit experiences insufficient heat release or abnormal pressure changes. Especially in continuous high-load drive scenarios, if the main hydrogen supply path fails to stably support the fuel cell load demand, it will directly affect the continuous output performance of the electric drive system. At the same time, during hydrogen discharge, there is a lack of real-time means to capture the trend of hydrogen concentration fluctuations, causing the hydrogen removal catalyst control strategy to respond lagily. Under conditions of hydrogen leakage or abnormal exhaust at the stack end, it cannot effectively perform rapid regulation, thus creating potential safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a solid-state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system based on dual-mode hydrogen supply. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] On the one hand, a solid-state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system based on dual-mode hydrogen supply is provided, the system comprising:

[0006] The hydrogen supply path identification module collects the pressure sensor readings of the hydrogen storage tank cavity in the solid hydrogen storage device and the value of the hydrogen inlet gas pressure transmitter of the hydrogen fuel cell, determines the current hydrogen supply mode of the solid hydrogen storage device, and generates a hydrogen supply path activation status label.

[0007] Based on the activation status tag of the hydrogen supply path, the hydrogen storage unit status monitoring module collects the temperature rise rate of the thermistor inside the hydrogen storage unit in the hydrogen supply state, the pressure holding time of the hydrogen storage tank and the electromagnetic lock status, determines whether the current hydrogen supply unit can continuously support stable hydrogen supply, and obtains hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information of the hydrogen storage unit.

[0008] The linkage path switching module calls the hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information of the hydrogen storage unit, detects the hydrogen supply status data in the backup channel, analyzes whether the main channel meets the requirement of continuous and stable hydrogen supply, determines the output direction of the fuel cell, and generates a hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group.

[0009] The fuel cell load matching module analyzes whether the hydrogen flow rate can support the reaction ratio required for the current output value based on the hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group, determines whether the fuel cell output should be preferentially directed to the drive motor or the power battery, and generates fuel cell output path allocation information.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention, the hydrogen supply path activation status label includes path identification markers, thermal response level classification, differential pressure critical section location, and hydrogen supply channel working status; the hydrogen storage unit hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information includes temperature rise lag discrimination quantity, gas pressure release duration period, and lock-up linkage status feedback; the hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group includes a main channel switching judgment signal, a secondary channel activation drive signal, a status synchronization confirmation identifier, and a path priority code; and the fuel cell output path allocation information includes a drive load priority strategy, a battery charging switching flag, hydrogen flow reaction balance parameters, and a stack power supply channel command.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention, the hydrogen supply path identification module includes:

[0012] The differential pressure calculation submodule collects the pressure sensor readings of the hydrogen storage tank cavity in the solid hydrogen storage device and the pressure transmitter value of the hydrogen inlet gas pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell. It calculates the difference between the pressure sensor readings and the pressure transmitter value to obtain the differential pressure value in the hydrogen supply path of the solid hydrogen storage. It then performs interval positioning and matching between the differential pressure value and the hydrogen supply differential pressure threshold to establish an effective segment label for the differential pressure and generate hydrogen supply differential pressure segment information.

[0013] The thermal offset rate extraction submodule collects the temperature gradient change rate of the thermocouple at the hydrogen supply replacement interface and the heat flux value per unit time of the hydrogen storage substrate according to the hydrogen supply pressure difference section. It calculates the difference between the temperature gradient change rate and the heat flux value per unit time, divides the difference by the temperature gradient change rate to obtain the offset ratio value, and compares the offset ratio value with the lower limit threshold of heat flux coupling to generate the heat flux offset ratio result.

[0014] The hydrogen supply mode determination submodule calls the heat flux offset ratio result and the hydrogen supply pressure difference section information. By constructing a binary determination combination condition matrix, it jointly determines the logical relationship between the hydrogen supply pressure difference section value and the heat flux offset ratio result within the corresponding threshold boundary interval. Based on the joint determination result, it outputs the current working channel status of the solid hydrogen storage device in the online hydrogen addition and hydrogen supply switching channel and generates a hydrogen supply path activation status label.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention, the hydrogen storage unit status monitoring module includes:

[0016] The temperature rise determination submodule compares the temperature rise rate value of the internal thermistor of the hydrogen storage unit, which is identified by the hydrogen supply path activation status tag, with the temperature rise rate value of the internal thermistor to the critical temperature rise rate for the release of metal hydride. It determines whether the current temperature rise rate is in the range below the activation threshold, and identifies the thermal response level of the hydrogen storage material that has not reached the activation state based on the direction of the difference, and generates thermal response suppression discrimination information.

[0017] Based on the thermal response suppression discrimination information, the pressure holding identification submodule collects the pressure holding time value of the hydrogen storage tank during the continuous hydrogen supply process, calls the hydrogen supply continuous critical cycle value as the comparison reference benchmark, compares the pressure holding time value with the comparison reference benchmark in interval, determines whether the current pressure holding state is in the expired failure interval, marks the judgment result as the pressure release continuity status label, and generates hydrogen supply pressure timeout status information.

[0018] The locking status confirmation submodule collects the electromagnetic locking status quantity in the mechanical structure of the hydrogen storage unit based on the hydrogen supply pressure timeout status information, identifies whether the locking status quantity is a disconnection command code, and if the current status is a release code, then it combines the thermal response suppression discrimination information and the hydrogen supply pressure timeout status information to perform a ternary logic verification on the current hydrogen supply sustainability of the hydrogen storage unit and obtain the hydrogen supply validity indication information of the hydrogen storage unit.

[0019] As a further aspect of the present invention, the linkage path switching module includes:

[0020] The hydrogen supply status construction submodule obtains the hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information of the hydrogen storage unit, collects the Hall sensor connection signal of the hydrogen supply replacement interface in the backup channel and the opening and closing status value of the electrically controlled shut-off valve in the main hydrogen supply path, combines the Hall sensor connection signal and the opening and closing status value of the electrically controlled shut-off valve to construct a binary status group, and generates the path component linkage status information based on whether the combined status meets the standard hydrogen supply start conditions.

[0021] The path continuity determination submodule collects the steady-state time period value recorded by the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor based on the linkage status information of the path components, calls the hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information of the hydrogen storage unit, performs a state consistency determination with the steady-state time period of the pressure, determines whether the current main hydrogen supply path can maintain stable hydrogen supply conditions, establishes a hydrogen supply capacity logic tag, and generates a hydrogen supply path continuity determination identifier.

[0022] The path switching instruction generation submodule compares the main path continuity identifier with the replacement path connection status value in parallel based on the hydrogen supply path continuity determination identifier and the path component linkage status information to determine whether the path switching mechanism is triggered and obtain the hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group.

[0023] As a further aspect of the present invention, the fuel cell load matching module includes:

[0024] The hydrogen supply reaction judgment submodule collects the current output current value of the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen flow rate value of the input mass flow meter according to the hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group, calculates the amount of hydrogen moles required for the output current value per unit time, calculates the ratio of the hydrogen flow rate value to the required amount of moles, judges whether the ratio is higher than the hydrogen-current reaction ratio threshold, and generates fuel cell hydrogen supply reaction margin information.

[0025] The load status identification submodule collects the SOC state value of the power battery and the torque request signal of the drive motor based on the hydrogen supply reaction margin information of the fuel cell. It determines whether the SOC value is lower than the lower limit of the recharge tolerance range and whether the torque request signal is located in the peak torque range. The two judgment results are matched with the hydrogen supply reaction margin in a ternary combination to obtain the drive load priority state and generate the stack load output direction identifier.

[0026] The output path decision submodule determines the target path for fuel cell power output based on the stack load output direction identifier. It compares the stack output current value, the instantaneous voltage requirement of the target port, and the upper limit of the allowable charging voltage to determine whether the power supply conditions of the drive end or the charging constraints of the energy storage end are met. Based on the path legality determination structure, it constructs the output control logic sequence and obtains the fuel cell output path allocation information.

[0027] As a further aspect of the present invention, the process of calculating the amount of hydrogen moles required for the output current value per unit time is specifically as follows: the current intensity of the fuel cell stack under constant operating temperature and normal pressure conditions is converted into the theoretical hydrogen charge conversion relationship. In the process of calculating the ratio between the hydrogen flow rate value and the required moles, the hydrogen flow rate value is converted into moles after unifying the units according to the gas state equation, and then the ratio calculation is performed.

[0028] The hydrogen-current reaction ratio threshold is set by selecting the sum of the mode and standard deviation of the measured ratio sequence as the hydrogen-current reaction ratio threshold based on the measured value sequence of hydrogen flow and output current under stable operation of the fuel cell stack within a preset time window.

[0029] As a further aspect of the present invention, the system further includes:

[0030] The safe hydrogen emission control module calls the fuel cell output path allocation information, monitors the hydrogen concentration sensor value at the hydrogen fuel cell exhaust port with the previous time point sampling value, compares the unit time change rate with the combustible gas concentration change rate threshold, determines whether to trigger the heating power increase command for the hydrogen elimination catalyst, adjusts the power control of the hydrogen elimination catalyst, and obtains the exhaust gas treatment trigger action command set.

[0031] The exhaust gas treatment trigger action instruction set includes a concentration response trigger flag, a catalyst activation command, a thermal control zone operating mode, and a hydrogen emission closed-loop verification factor.

[0032] As a further aspect of the present invention, the safe hydrogen emission control module includes:

[0033] The concentration change rate extraction submodule obtains the fuel cell output path allocation information, collects the current value of the hydrogen concentration sensor at the hydrogen fuel cell exhaust outlet and the sampling value at the previous time point, calculates the difference between the two hydrogen concentrations per unit time, divides the difference by the time interval to obtain the hydrogen concentration change rate per unit time, compares the hydrogen concentration change rate per unit time with the set combustible gas concentration change rate threshold, and generates a hydrogen concentration change rate offset.

[0034] Based on the hydrogen concentration change rate offset, the catalytic response triggering submodule determines whether it is in an over-limit state, then generates a catalyst thermal control response activation signal, controls the hydrogen elimination catalyst power control unit to increase the electric heating power, sets the thermal control output maintenance cycle, updates the status record, and obtains catalyst power adjustment command information.

[0035] The hydrogen emission closed-loop confirmation submodule monitors the current temperature change value of the tail gas pipe thermistor and the operating status feedback of the hydrogen elimination catalyst power control loop according to the catalyst power adjustment command information, performs a logical consistency judgment between the two, determines whether the power increase command is effectively closed into the tail gas temperature control feedback path, establishes hydrogen emission control closed-loop status indication information, and obtains the tail gas treatment trigger action command set.

[0036] As a further aspect of the present invention, the method for setting the threshold for the rate of change of combustible gas concentration is as follows: the sum of the average value of the rate of change of hydrogen concentration under normal hydrogen discharge conditions in historical operating conditions and the corresponding standard deviation is set as the threshold for the rate of change of combustible gas concentration.

[0037] The process of determining whether it is an out-of-bounds state is as follows: if the offset of the hydrogen concentration change rate is greater than the threshold of the combustible gas concentration change rate and the continuous duration exceeds the shortest trigger period, it is determined to be an out-of-bounds state.

[0038] The process of controlling the power control unit of the hydrogen elimination catalyst to increase the electric heating power is specifically as follows: the electric heating output power of the catalyst is increased stepwise at a fixed rate to the middle section between the maximum rated heating power and the current power value, which serves as the instantaneous control target;

[0039] The process of setting the thermal control output maintenance cycle is as follows: the product of the current temperature rise rate of the exhaust port thermal sensor and the feedback delay time of the power control loop is used as the upper limit constraint of the cycle, and the execution power is automatically reduced to the preset power after the cycle ends.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0041] This system obtains the hydrogen supply pressure difference by dynamically comparing the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank cavity with the hydrogen inlet pressure of the fuel cell. Combined with thermocouple temperature gradient changes and unit heat flux calculations, it can accurately identify the current hydrogen supply path status in the early stages, enabling rapid determination of the hydrogen supply mode and precise control of path switching. With joint monitoring of temperature rise rate, pressure holding period, and lock-up status, it can effectively screen for potential hydrogen supply interruption risks. Cross-comparison of key status signals from the main and backup channels improves the reliability of hydrogen supply path switching. Furthermore, by analyzing parameters such as fuel cell stack output current, hydrogen flow rate, and battery state of charge, it analyzes the adaptation relationship between the hydrogen supply path and the load output direction, achieving dynamic matching in the selection of the fuel cell's priority energy supply path. Simultaneously, through a linkage feedback mechanism between the hydrogen concentration change rate per unit time and the catalyst control power, it ensures immediate response and energy consumption optimization for safe hydrogen emission control. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a solid-state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system based on dual-mode hydrogen supply, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system framework of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the hydrogen supply path identification module in this invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the hydrogen storage unit status monitoring module in this invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the linkage path switching module in this invention;

[0048] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the fuel cell load matching module in this invention;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the safe hydrogen emission control module in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0052] In the embodiments of this invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning. Similarly, the terms "of," "corresponding (relevant)," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning.

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be written in a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0054] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0055] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system based on dual-mode hydrogen supply. The system includes a hydrogen supply path identification module, a hydrogen storage unit status monitoring module, a linkage path switching module, a fuel cell load matching module, and a safe hydrogen emission control module.

[0056] The hydrogen supply path identification module collects the pressure sensor readings of the hydrogen storage tank cavity in the solid hydrogen storage device and the value of the hydrogen inlet gas pressure transmitter of the hydrogen fuel cell. It compares the two to calculate the hydrogen supply pressure difference, obtains the temperature gradient change rate of the thermocouple at the hydrogen supply replacement interface and the heat flux per unit time of the hydrogen storage substrate, calculates the offset rate between the two, and compares the hydrogen supply pressure difference and the thermal offset rate with the set hydrogen supply pressure difference threshold and the heat flux coupling lower limit threshold, respectively. Based on the two comparison results, it determines the current hydrogen supply mode of the solid hydrogen storage device and generates a hydrogen supply path activation status label.

[0057] The pressure sensor reading corresponds to the gas pressure transmitter value and is collected by the standard pressure sensor; the heat flux per unit time is also called the ratio of the energy absorbed by the material to the time, which is often used to evaluate the thermal properties of hydrogen absorption and desorption materials; the lower limit threshold of heat flux coupling can be defined as the minimum heat input rate required for the stable release of hydrogen by the desorption material.

[0058] The hydrogen storage unit status monitoring module, based on the hydrogen supply path activation status tag, collects the temperature rise rate of the thermistor inside the hydrogen storage unit in the hydrogen supply state, the pressure holding time of the hydrogen storage tank, and the electromagnetic lock-up status quantity. It calculates whether the temperature rise rate is lower than the critical temperature rise rate for the release of metal hydride, determines whether the pressure holding exceeds the critical period value for continuous hydrogen supply, identifies whether the lock-up signal is in the released state, determines whether the current hydrogen supply unit can continuously support stable hydrogen supply, and obtains hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information of the hydrogen storage unit.

[0059] The pressure holding time value indicates the duration for which the hydrogen storage tank maintains the set pressure state; the critical temperature rise rate for the metal hydride release start is the rate of temperature change corresponding to when the metal hydride begins to release hydrogen; the electromagnetic locking state quantity is the binary state quantity of the locking mechanism in the mechanical hydrogen exchange module.

[0060] The linkage path switching module calls the hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information of the hydrogen storage unit, detects the Hall sensor connection signal of the hydrogen supply replacement interface in the backup channel, the opening and closing status value of the electronically controlled shut-off valve in the main hydrogen supply path, and the steady-state time period of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor. It constructs binary status information by combining the connection signal and the valve status, determines whether the main channel meets the requirement of continuous and stable hydrogen supply, and performs cross-matching with the steady-state time period and the hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information of the hydrogen storage unit to generate a hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group.

[0061] Hall sensor connection signals are used to detect the position and status of mechanical connection structures; the open / closed status value of the electrically controlled shut-off valve is a binary status feedback value; the steady-state time period refers to the time during which the pressure change rate is close to zero, reflecting that the system has entered the pressure stabilization stage;

[0062] The fuel cell load matching module collects the current output current value of the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen flow rate value of the input mass flow meter, the SOC value of the power battery, and the torque request signal of the drive motor based on the hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group. It analyzes whether the hydrogen flow rate can support the reaction ratio required for the current output value, determines whether the power battery is in the recharge tolerance range or whether the drive motor is in the peak torque range, and determines whether the fuel cell output should be preferentially directed to the drive motor or the power battery based on the state combination, and generates fuel cell output path allocation information.

[0063] SOC (State of Charge) is the ratio of the battery's current charge to its rated capacity; the hydrogen flow rate from the mass flow meter is the real-time hydrogen mass per unit time; the peak torque range corresponds to the high current load demand range during rapid vehicle acceleration.

[0064] The safe hydrogen emission control module calls the fuel cell output path allocation information, monitors the hydrogen concentration sensor value at the hydrogen fuel cell exhaust port and the sampling value at the previous time point, calculates the rate of change per unit time between the two, compares the rate of change per unit time with the combustible gas concentration change rate threshold, determines whether to trigger the instruction to increase the heating power of the hydrogen elimination catalyst, adjusts the power control of the hydrogen elimination catalyst, records the temperature change value of the exhaust pipe thermistor and the working status of the catalyst power control loop, and obtains the exhaust gas treatment trigger action instruction set;

[0065] The power control loop can operate in the same state as the output state of a conventional MOS drive control module.

[0066] The hydrogen supply path activation status label includes path identification markers, thermal response level classifications, differential pressure critical section location, and hydrogen supply channel operating status. The hydrogen storage unit's hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information includes temperature rise lag discrimination quantity, gas pressure release duration period, and lock-up linkage status feedback. The hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group includes main channel switching judgment signal, secondary channel activation drive signal, status synchronization confirmation identifier, and path priority code. The fuel cell output path allocation information includes drive load priority strategy, battery charging switching flag, hydrogen flow reaction balance parameters, and stack power supply channel instructions. The exhaust gas treatment trigger action instruction set includes concentration response trigger markers, catalyst activation commands, thermal control zone operating mode, and hydrogen exhaust closed-loop verification factor.

[0067] Specifically, such as Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the hydrogen supply path identification module includes:

[0068] The differential pressure calculation submodule collects the pressure sensor readings of the hydrogen storage tank cavity in the solid hydrogen storage device and the pressure transmitter value of the hydrogen inlet gas pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell. It calculates the difference between the pressure sensor readings and the pressure transmitter value to obtain the differential pressure value in the hydrogen supply path of the solid hydrogen storage. It then performs interval positioning and matching between the differential pressure value and the hydrogen supply differential pressure threshold to establish an effective segment label for the differential pressure and generate hydrogen supply differential pressure segment information.

[0069] The data acquisition unit simultaneously triggers the piezoelectric pressure sensor inside the hydrogen storage tank and the thin-film pressure transmitter on the hydrogen inlet pipe of the hydrogen fuel cell at fixed time intervals, such as every 100 milliseconds. At a single sampling moment, the pressure sensor measures the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage tank at 5.0 MPa, and the pressure transmitter measures the inlet pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell at 0.5 MPa. The differential calculation unit receives these two synchronously acquired pressure data and performs a subtraction operation, using the reading of the pressure sensor inside the hydrogen storage tank as the minuend and the value of the hydrogen inlet gas pressure transmitter as the subtrahend, to calculate a pressure difference of 4.5 MPa (5.0 MPa minus 0.5 MPa). This pressure difference value is then matched with the hydrogen supply pressure difference threshold to establish a valid segment label for the pressure difference. The setting of the hydrogen supply pressure difference threshold is based on extensive experimental calibration of the hydrogen desorption kinetics of a specific type of solid hydrogen storage material at different operating temperatures. The experiment involved recording the relationship between hydrogen supply pressure differential and hydrogen mass flow rate throughout the entire process of the hydrogen storage device, from full storage to emptying, under multiple controlled conditions including ambient temperature, standard heating temperature, and extreme heating temperature. The pressure differential corresponding to the minimum flow rate that maintains stable operation of the hydrogen fuel cell under various operating conditions was selected, and the statistical average of these data was used as the lower pressure differential threshold, for example, set at 0.5 MPa. The initial pressure differential data at which flow overshoot occurred under various operating conditions, causing fluctuations in the fuel cell inlet pressure, was selected, and the statistical average of these data was used as the upper pressure differential threshold, for example, set at 4.0 MPa. Simultaneously, based on hydrogen supply efficiency and response speed, multiple operating zones were defined between the upper and lower thresholds. For example, the zone below 0.5 MPa was defined as the "insufficient hydrogen supply pressure zone"; the zone from 0.5 MPa to 2.0 MPa was defined as the "low-pressure stable hydrogen supply zone"; the zone from 2.0 MPa to 4.0 MPa was defined as the "high-efficiency stable hydrogen supply zone"; and the zone above 4.0 MPa was defined as the "ultra-high pressure warning zone". The interval positioning and matching process involves comparing the calculated differential pressure value of 4.5 MPa with the boundary values ​​of each interval sequentially. First, 4.5 MPa is greater than 0.5 MPa, therefore it does not belong to the "insufficient hydrogen supply pressure interval". Second, 4.5 MPa is greater than 2.0 MPa, therefore it does not belong to the "low-pressure stable hydrogen supply interval". Third, 4.5 MPa is greater than 4.0 MPa, therefore it does not belong to the "high-efficiency stable hydrogen supply interval". Finally, 4.5 MPa falls within the interval higher than 4.0 MPa, therefore the current differential pressure value is determined to be in the "ultra-high pressure warning interval". Based on this determination, the control unit generates hydrogen supply differential pressure interval information.

[0070] The thermal offset rate extraction submodule collects the temperature gradient change rate of the thermocouple at the hydrogen supply replacement interface and the heat flux value per unit time of the hydrogen storage substrate based on the hydrogen supply pressure difference section. It calculates the difference between the temperature gradient change rate and the heat flux value per unit time, divides the difference by the temperature gradient change rate to obtain the offset ratio value, and compares the offset ratio value with the lower limit threshold of heat flux coupling to generate the heat flux offset ratio result.

[0071] After identifying the hydrogen supply pressure differential section as an "ultra-high pressure warning section," the hydrogen supply path is confirmed to be active, and the acquisition of thermal management-related data begins. The data acquisition unit locks onto a miniature thermocouple array located at the flange connecting the hydrogen supply pipeline and the hydrogen storage tank. The temperature gradient is calculated by measuring the temperature readings at different points on the array and dividing by the distance between the points. For example, at the first sampling time point, the gradient is measured to be 10 Kelvin per meter; after a fixed time interval, such as 500 milliseconds, the gradient is measured to be 12 Kelvin per meter at the second sampling time point. The rate of change of the temperature gradient is calculated by subtracting the first measured gradient value from the second measured gradient value, and then dividing the difference by the time interval, i.e., (12 Kelvin per meter - 10 Kelvin per meter) / 0.5 seconds, yielding a rate of change of 4 (Kelvin per meter) per second. Simultaneously, the acquisition unit reads the values ​​from multiple heat flux sensors embedded within the hydrogen storage substrate material and calculates their average value, obtaining the current heat flux per unit time of the hydrogen storage substrate as 300 watts per square meter. The difference between the rate of change of the temperature gradient and the heat flux per unit time is calculated. This difference is then divided by the rate of change of the temperature gradient to obtain the offset ratio. This calculation is not a direct subtraction of values; instead, the rate of change of the temperature gradient is converted using a pre-defined physical model characteristic parameter library to obtain a theoretical heat flux value. This parameter library was established during the hydrogen storage device design phase through finite element thermal simulation analysis combined with experimental data on the thermophysical properties of materials. It stores the theoretical heat flux values ​​corresponding to the ideal heat conduction state under different temperature gradient rates. For example, according to the parameter library, a temperature gradient rate of 4 Kelvin per meter per second corresponds to a theoretical heat flux of 280 W / m². The difference is calculated by subtracting the theoretical heat flux of 280 W / m² from the actual measured heat flux of 300 W / m², resulting in a difference of 20 W / m². The offset ratio is calculated by dividing the difference of 20 W / m² by the theoretical heat flux of 280 W / m², resulting in an offset ratio of approximately 0.0714. The offset ratio value is compared with the lower limit threshold of heat flux coupling. The lower limit threshold of heat flux coupling is set based on calibration experiments of heat transfer efficiency between the heating system and the hydrogen storage material. In the experiment, different fault conditions such as poor thermal contact or aging of the heat transfer medium were artificially set, and the heat flux offset ratio value was recorded when the desorption rate of the hydrogen storage material decreased by 5%. Through statistical analysis of a large amount of such experimental data, the upper limit of its 95% confidence interval was selected as the threshold, for example, set to 0.1. The boundary comparison process is to compare the calculated offset ratio value of 0.0714 with the lower limit threshold of heat flux coupling of 0.1. Since 0.0714 is less than 0.1, the current heat flux coupling state is determined to be normal, and the heat flux offset ratio result is generated.

[0072] The hydrogen supply mode determination submodule calls the heat flux offset ratio result and the hydrogen supply pressure difference section information. By constructing a binary determination combination condition matrix, it jointly judges the logical relationship between the hydrogen supply pressure difference section value and the heat flux offset ratio result within the corresponding threshold boundary interval. Based on the joint judgment result, it outputs the current working channel status of the solid hydrogen storage device in the online hydrogen addition and hydrogen supply switching channel and generates a hydrogen supply path activation status label.

[0073] The binary decision combination condition matrix is ​​a logical lookup table pre-installed in the controller's memory. Its rows represent all possible hydrogen supply pressure differential segment information, and its columns represent the two states of the heat flux offset ratio result (i.e., less than or equal to the threshold or greater than the threshold). Each intersecting cell in the matrix predefines a specific working channel status output. For example, when the hydrogen supply pressure differential segment information is "ultra-high pressure warning segment" and the heat flux offset ratio result is less than or equal to the threshold, the status in the corresponding cell is "main hydrogen supply channel activated, overpressure risk exists." When the hydrogen supply pressure differential segment information is "high-efficiency and stable hydrogen supply segment" and the heat flux offset ratio result is less than or equal to the threshold, the status is "main hydrogen supply channel activated, ideal state." When any hydrogen supply pressure differential segment information appears, if the heat flux offset ratio result is greater than the threshold, the status is uniformly "hydrogen supply channel abnormal, thermal management failure." The specific process of joint judgment is as follows: The control unit uses the hydrogen supply pressure difference section information "ultra-high pressure warning section" and the heat flux offset ratio result "less than the threshold 0.1" generated in the previous steps as a query index to search in the binary judgment combination condition matrix. The search operation matches the intersection cell of the "ultra-high pressure warning section" row and the "less than or equal to the threshold" column, and reads the preset status "main hydrogen supply channel activated, overpressure risk exists". Based on the joint judgment result, the operating channel status of the current solid-state hydrogen storage device in the online hydrogen addition and hydrogen supply replacement channel is output, and a hydrogen supply path activation status label is generated.

[0074] Specifically, such as Figure 2 , 4 As shown, the hydrogen storage unit status monitoring module includes:

[0075] The temperature rise determination submodule compares the temperature rise rate value of the internal thermistor of the hydrogen storage unit with the temperature rise rate value of the metal hydride release start-up critical temperature rise rate based on the hydrogen supply path activation status tag. It determines whether the current temperature rise rate is in the range below the start-up threshold, and identifies the thermal response level of the hydrogen storage material that has not reached the start-up state based on the direction of the difference, and generates thermal response suppression discrimination information.

[0076] Upon receiving the tag "Main hydrogen supply channel activated, overpressure risk exists," the temperature change of the hydrogen storage material is monitored. Multiple NTC thermistors deployed at different depths within the hydrogen storage substrate collect temperature data at a high frequency (e.g., every ten milliseconds). The temperature rise rate is calculated by taking the average of all thermistor readings within the most recent time period, such as one second, and calculating the difference between the current average temperature and the average temperature of the previous second. For example, if the average temperature of the current second is 323.15 Kelvin and the average temperature of the previous second is 323.10 Kelvin, then the temperature rise rate is 0.05 Kelvin per second. This temperature rise rate is then compared to the critical temperature rise rate for metal hydride release initiation. The critical temperature rise rate for metal hydride release initiation is a key parameter, set based on the minimum endothermic rate corresponding to the phase transition activation energy for large-scale hydrogen desorption of that specific metal hydride. This value is determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the experiment, hydrogen storage material samples are heated at different heating rates, and the onset temperature of their endothermic peaks is recorded. The lowest heating rate that just stably triggers the endothermic peak is taken as the critical value. For example, the critical temperature rise rate was determined to be 0.1 Kelvin per second. The difference comparison process involves comparing the currently measured temperature rise rate of 0.05 Kelvin per second with the critical temperature rise rate of 0.1 Kelvin per second, and calculating the difference as -0.05 Kelvin per second. This determines whether the current temperature rise rate is below the activation threshold, and the thermal response level of the hydrogen storage material is indicated based on the direction of the difference. Since the difference is negative, it indicates that the current temperature rise rate is below the activation critical value. The thermal response level is assigned based on the magnitude of the difference, with multiple preset level ranges. For example, a difference between -0.05 and 0 Kelvin per second is defined as "Level 1 suppression"; a difference below -0.05 Kelvin per second is defined as "Level 2 suppression". The current difference is -0.05 Kelvin per second, which falls exactly on the boundary of the "Level 1 Suppression" interval, and is therefore identified as Level 1 suppression. Based on this, thermal response suppression discrimination information is generated.

[0077] The pressure holding identification submodule collects the pressure holding time value of the hydrogen storage tank during the continuous hydrogen supply process based on thermal response suppression discrimination information, calls the hydrogen supply continuous critical cycle value as the comparison reference benchmark, compares the pressure holding time value with the comparison reference benchmark in interval, determines whether the current pressure holding state is in the expired failure interval, marks the judgment result as the pressure release continuity status label, and generates hydrogen supply pressure timeout status information.

[0078] Upon receiving the thermal response suppression discrimination information for "Level 1 Suppression," a timer is started to measure the duration for which the hydrogen storage tank pressure is maintained within a specific range. The values ​​from the pressure sensor in the hydrogen storage tank cavity are continuously read. When the pressure value enters and remains within the "high-efficiency stable hydrogen supply range" (2.0 MPa to 4.0 MPa), the timer begins counting. If the pressure drops outside this range, the timer resets. For example, in a hydrogen supply cycle, the tank pressure starts decreasing from 4.5 MPa, reaches 4.0 MPa, and the timer starts and continues counting until the pressure drops to 1.9 MPa, recording a pressure holding time of 1800 seconds. The hydrogen supply duration critical cycle value is used as a reference. The hydrogen supply duration critical cycle value is set based on the theoretical time required for the hydrogen storage device to supply hydrogen from a full storage state until the pressure first drops below the lower limit of the "high-efficiency stable hydrogen supply range" under standard operating conditions (e.g., ambient temperature 298.15 Kelvin, rated load output). This theoretical time is obtained through product performance curves provided by the manufacturer or through multiple full-fill and full-discharge tests. For example, after calibration, the critical period value is determined to be 1500 seconds under standard operating conditions. The pressure holding time value is compared with a reference baseline to determine whether the current pressure holding state is in the expired failure range. The range comparison process involves comparing the measured pressure holding time value of 1800 seconds with the reference baseline of 1500 seconds. The preset judgment logic is: if the pressure holding time value is less than 80% of the critical period value, it is judged as "expired failure"; if it is between 80% and 120%, it is "normal maintenance"; if it is higher than 120%, it is "excessive maintenance". The current pressure holding time of 1800 seconds is 120% of the reference value of 1500 seconds, which is exactly at the upper limit of the "normal maintenance" range, and is judged as normal. The judgment result is marked as a pressure release continuity status label, generating hydrogen supply pressure timeout status information.

[0079] The locking status confirmation submodule collects the electromagnetic locking status quantity in the mechanical structure of the hydrogen storage unit based on the hydrogen supply pressure timeout status information, identifies whether the locking status quantity is a disconnection command code, and if the current status is a release code, it combines the thermal response suppression discrimination information and the hydrogen supply pressure timeout status information to perform a ternary logic verification on the current hydrogen supply sustainability of the hydrogen storage unit and obtain the hydrogen supply validity indication information of the hydrogen storage unit.

[0080] After obtaining the "normal maintenance" hydrogen supply pressure timeout status information, the status of the electromagnetic lock related to the safety of the hydrogen storage unit is queried. The electromagnetic lock is a physical safeguard to prevent the replacement of the hydrogen storage unit under abnormal circumstances. The status quantity is acquired by reading the Hall effect sensor on the electromagnetic lock drive circuit. This sensor can output different voltage signals to represent the "locked" or "open" state of the latch. These voltage signals are converted into predefined digital codes, for example, "locked" corresponds to the code "1111", and "open" command code corresponds to "0000". The currently acquired status quantity is "1111", indicating that the electromagnetic lock is in the locked state. It is identified whether the locking status quantity is an open command code. If the current state is an open code, the thermal response suppression discrimination information and the hydrogen supply pressure timeout status information are combined to perform a ternary logic check on the sustainability of the current hydrogen supply of the hydrogen storage unit. The logic judgment here first checks the locking state. Since the current state is "1111", which is not the open command code "0000", the subsequent ternary logic check will not be triggered. If the acquired state is "0000", the check program is started. The ternary logic verification is a serial AND operation. The first condition is whether the thermal response suppression information is in a "suppressed" state (including level one or level two). The second condition is whether the hydrogen supply pressure timeout status information is "expired and invalid." The third condition is whether the electromagnetic lock status is "disconnected." Only when all three conditions are met simultaneously—that is, the thermal response is suppressed, the pressure maintenance time is too short, and the electromagnetic lock is abnormally opened—will the verification result be "hydrogen supply is unsustainable." If any one condition is not met, the verification result will be "hydrogen supply is sustainable." In the current example, since the locking state is "locked," even if the verification is triggered, the result will still be "hydrogen supply is sustainable." Finally, the hydrogen supply validity indication information of the hydrogen storage unit is obtained.

[0081] Specifically, such as Figure 2 , 5 As shown, the linkage path switching module includes:

[0082] The hydrogen supply status construction submodule obtains the hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information of the hydrogen storage unit, collects the Hall sensor connection signal of the hydrogen supply replacement interface in the backup channel and the opening and closing status value of the electronically controlled shut-off valve in the main hydrogen supply path, combines the Hall sensor connection signal and the opening and closing status value of the electronically controlled shut-off valve to construct a binary status group, and generates the linkage status information of the path components based on whether the combined status meets the standard hydrogen supply start conditions.

[0083] Check the actual status of each physical component along the hydrogen supply path. Collect the Hall sensor connection signal from the hydrogen supply replacement interface in the backup channel and the open / closed status value of the electrically controlled shut-off valve in the main hydrogen supply path. A Hall sensor is installed at the hydrogen supply replacement interface to detect whether the backup hydrogen storage unit is physically connected. If connected, the sensor outputs a high-level signal, recorded as "1"; if not connected, it outputs a low-level signal, recorded as "0". Currently, the signal collected from the backup channel interface is "0". The electrically controlled shut-off valve on the main hydrogen supply path is a key component controlling the hydrogen flow. Its drive circuit feeds back a status value: "1" when the valve is fully open and "0" when closed. Currently, the status value collected from the main path shut-off valve is "1". Combine the Hall sensor connection signal and the electrically controlled shut-off valve open / closed status value to construct a binary status group. The combination method is arranged in the order of "main path shut-off valve status - backup path connection status". Therefore, the current status group is "10". Based on whether the combined status meets the standard hydrogen supply start-up conditions, generate the linkage status information of the path components. The standard hydrogen supply activation conditions are preset to two valid combinations: "10", representing normal hydrogen supply from the main path and no connection from the backup path; and "01", representing a closed main path and a connected backup path ready to switch. Other combinations, such as "00" (both closed) or "11" (abnormal, both have signals), do not meet the standard activation conditions. The current state group "10" matches the first preset standard hydrogen supply activation condition. Based on this, the generated path component linkage status information is "normal hydrogen supply from the main path, backup path on standby".

[0084] The path continuity determination submodule collects the steady-state time period value recorded by the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor based on the linkage status information of the path components, calls the hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information of the hydrogen storage unit, performs a state consistency determination with the steady-state time period of the pressure, determines whether the current main hydrogen supply path can maintain stable hydrogen supply conditions, establishes a hydrogen supply capacity logical label, and generates a hydrogen supply path continuity determination identifier.

[0085] Upon receiving the message "Main path hydrogen supply normal, backup path on standby," the stability of the current hydrogen supply is assessed. The steady-state time period value recorded by the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor is acquired. The hydrogen inlet pressure sensor continuously monitors the hydrogen pressure entering the fuel cell. The steady-state time period value is calculated by setting a pressure fluctuation tolerance range, for example, 2% of the inlet rated pressure fluctuation. The duration of the pressure value within this range is continuously recorded. If the pressure value exceeds the range, the timer is reset and restarted. For example, the currently recorded pressure remains continuously within the steady-state range for 300 seconds. The hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information from the hydrogen storage unit is retrieved, and a consistency determination is made with the steady-state time period. The logic rule for consistency determination is: if the hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information is "hydrogen supply sustainable," then the steady-state time period value must be greater than a preset minimum continuous hydrogen supply cycle. The minimum continuous hydrogen supply cycle is set based on the shortest time required for the fuel cell to go from standby to stable output power, which is measured through fuel cell bench testing, for example, 60 seconds. The determination process involves comparing the recorded steady-state time period of 300 seconds with the minimum continuous hydrogen supply cycle of 60 seconds. Since 300 seconds is greater than 60 seconds, and the hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information is "sustainable hydrogen supply," the two conditions are consistent, and the determination is "consistent state." The process then determines whether the current main hydrogen supply path can maintain stable hydrogen supply conditions and establishes a logical label for hydrogen supply capacity. Based on the "consistent state" determination result, the established logical label for hydrogen supply capacity is "stable main path hydrogen supply." If the determination is inconsistent, for example, the effectiveness is "sustainable" but the steady-state time is less than 60 seconds, the label is "unstable main path hydrogen supply." Finally, a continuous hydrogen supply path determination identifier is generated.

[0086] The path switching instruction generation submodule compares the main path continuity identifier with the replacement path connection status value in parallel based on the hydrogen supply path continuity determination identifier and the path component linkage status information to determine whether the path switching mechanism is triggered and obtain the hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group.

[0087] The control unit simultaneously retrieves two pieces of information: first, the hydrogen supply path continuity determination identifier, i.e., "main path hydrogen supply is stable"; second, the backup path connection status contained in the previously acquired path component linkage status information, i.e., the Hall sensor connection signal is "0" (not connected). The parallel comparison logic is a set of preset switching rules. Rule 1: If the main path continuity identifier is "main path hydrogen supply is stable," no switching is triggered regardless of the alternative path connection status. Rule 2: If the main path continuity identifier is "main path hydrogen supply is unstable," and the alternative path connection status value is "1" (connected), then path switching is triggered. Rule 3: If the main path continuity identifier is "main path hydrogen supply is unstable," but the alternative path connection status value is "0" (not connected), then no switching is triggered, but a "hydrogen supply failure" alarm is sent to the superior control unit. In the current example, the main path identifier is "main path hydrogen supply is stable," so Rule 1 is matched. The system determines whether to trigger the path switching mechanism by obtaining the hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group. Based on the matching result of Rule 1, it is determined that the path switching mechanism will not be triggered. At this time, the generated hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group is a code that indicates "no action", such as "0000". This signal group is sent to the actuator controller to indicate that the current main path hydrogen supply status is maintained and no valve switching operation is performed.

[0088] Specifically, such as Figure 2 , 6 As shown, the fuel cell load matching module includes:

[0089] The hydrogen supply reaction judgment submodule switches the signal group according to the hydrogen supply path linkage, collects the current output current value of the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen flow rate value of the input mass flow meter, calculates the amount of hydrogen moles required for the output current value per unit time, calculates the ratio of the hydrogen flow rate value to the required moles, judges whether the ratio is higher than the hydrogen-current reaction ratio threshold, and generates fuel cell hydrogen supply reaction margin information.

[0090] Upon receiving the "0000" switching signal group indicating "no action," the system confirms that the fuel cell is stably supplying hydrogen via the main path and begins evaluating its reaction efficiency. The data acquisition unit reads the Hall current sensor on the fuel cell stack, obtaining the current output current value of 150 amperes. Simultaneously, it reads the mass flow meter located on the hydrogen inlet pipe, obtaining the current hydrogen flow rate of 10 standard liters per minute. The required molar amount of hydrogen per unit time for the output current value is calculated. This calculation is based on Faraday's law of electrolysis and considers the actual electrochemical efficiency of the fuel cell. The conversion relationship is pre-calibrated experimentally and stored as a lookup table. For example, at the current operating temperature and pressure, theoretically, a specific molar amount of hydrogen is required to generate 1 ampere of current. Considering the actual efficiency of the fuel cell stack (e.g., 60%), the actual required molar amount is a multiple of the theoretical value. For example, to generate 150 amperes of current, a lookup table or calculation shows that 0.4 moles of hydrogen are required per minute. The ratio of the hydrogen flow rate value to the required molar amount is calculated. Before performing the ratio calculation, the measured hydrogen flow rate value is converted to units. According to the ideal gas law, under standard conditions, 10 standard liters of hydrogen is approximately equal to 0.446 moles. The ratio is calculated by dividing the converted actual supply of hydrogen moles (0.446 moles) by the theoretically required hydrogen moles (0.4 moles), resulting in a ratio of 1.115. The next step is to determine if this ratio exceeds the hydrogen-current reaction ratio threshold. The hydrogen-current reaction ratio threshold is set by collecting a large amount of hydrogen flow and output current data during stable fuel cell operation, calculating the ratio of the actual hydrogen supply to the theoretically required moles for each data set. Statistical analysis is performed on this ratio sequence, selecting the mode and adding one time the standard deviation of the sequence as the final threshold. This setting method ensures that the threshold reflects the most common operating conditions while also including a certain degree of fluctuation tolerance. For example, the calculated threshold is set to 1.05. The judgment process involves comparing the calculated ratio of 1.115 with the threshold of 1.05. Since 1.115 is higher than 1.05, it is determined to be positive. Based on this, fuel cell hydrogen supply reaction margin information is generated.

[0091] The load status identification submodule collects the SOC value of the power battery and the torque request signal of the drive motor based on the hydrogen supply reaction margin information of the fuel cell. It determines whether the SOC value is lower than the lower limit of the recharge tolerance range and whether the torque request signal is located in the peak torque range. The two judgment results are matched with the hydrogen supply reaction margin in a three-dimensional combination to obtain the drive load priority state and generate the stack load output direction identifier.

[0092] The process of calculating the amount of hydrogen moles required for the output current value per unit time is as follows: the current intensity of the fuel cell stack under constant operating temperature and atmospheric pressure is converted into the theoretical hydrogen charge conversion relationship. In the process of calculating the ratio between the hydrogen flow rate and the required moles, the hydrogen flow rate is converted into moles after unifying the units according to the gas state equation, and then the ratio is calculated.

[0093] The hydrogen-current reaction ratio threshold is set by selecting the sum of the mode and standard deviation of the measured ratio sequence as the hydrogen-current reaction ratio threshold based on the measured value sequence of hydrogen flow and output current under stable operation of fuel cell stack within a preset time window.

[0094] After confirming sufficient hydrogen supply, the system's overall demand is analyzed, collecting the battery's State of Charge (SOC) value and the drive motor's torque request signal. Through communication with the battery management unit, the current SOC value of the battery is obtained as 30%. Through communication with the vehicle controller, the torque request signal from the drive motor controller is obtained as 200 Nm. The system then determines whether the SOC value is below the lower limit of the recharge tolerance range and whether the torque request signal is within the peak torque range. The lower limit of the recharge tolerance range is a preset value used to determine when the fuel cell must be activated to charge the battery. Its setting is based on battery life protection strategies and the minimum charge requirement to ensure basic vehicle operation; for example, it is set to 25%. The determination process involves comparing the current SOC value of 30% with the lower limit of 25%. Since 30% is higher than 25%, the result is "no." The peak torque range is set based on the motor performance curve, representing the area where the motor outputs high power; for example, it is set to 250 Nm to 300 Nm. The current torque request signal of 200 Nm is compared with this interval. Since 200 Nm is outside the interval, the judgment result is "No". The two judgment results are then matched with the hydrogen supply reaction margin using a ternary combination to obtain the drive load priority state. The logic rules for the ternary combination matching are as follows: Rule 1: If the hydrogen supply reaction margin is sufficient and the SOC value is below the lower limit, the priority state is "charging priority". Rule 2: If the hydrogen supply reaction margin is sufficient, the SOC value is above the lower limit, and the torque request is in the peak range, the priority state is "drive priority". Rule 3: If the hydrogen supply reaction margin is sufficient, the SOC value is above the lower limit, and the torque request is not in the peak range, the priority state is "drive and charging in parallel". The current situation matches Rule 3. Based on this, a stack load output direction indicator is generated.

[0095] The output path decision submodule determines the target path for fuel cell power output based on the stack load output direction identifier. It compares the stack output current value, the instantaneous voltage requirement of the target port, and the upper limit of the allowable charging voltage to determine whether the power supply conditions of the drive end or the charging constraints of the energy storage end are met. Based on the path legality judgment structure, it constructs the output control logic sequence and obtains the fuel cell output path allocation information.

[0096] Upon receiving the "parallel drive and charging" flag, the module determines that electrical energy needs to be supplied to both the drive motor and the power battery simultaneously. It compares the stack output current value, the instantaneous voltage requirement at the target port, and the upper limit of the allowable charging voltage. It obtains the current total output current of 150 amps from the fuel cell controller. It communicates with the motor controller to obtain its current required DC bus voltage of 350 volts. It communicates with the battery management unit to obtain its current maximum allowable charging voltage of 380 volts. It then determines whether the drive-side power supply conditions or the energy storage-side charging constraints are met. The drive-side power supply condition is determined by comparing the fuel cell stack's output voltage capability (e.g., currently stably outputting 400 volts) with the motor's required voltage of 350 volts. Since the output capability exceeds the requirement, the drive power supply condition is met. The energy storage-side charging constraint is determined by comparing the fuel cell stack's output voltage of 400 volts with the battery's allowed upper limit of 380 volts. Since the output voltage exceeds the charging limit, direct connection would cause battery overvoltage. Based on the path validity determination structure, it constructs the output control logic sequence. The decision structure indicates that when the output voltage exceeds the upper limit of the charging voltage, it must be stepped down by a DC / DC converter before the battery can be charged. Therefore, the control logic sequence is constructed as follows: a portion of the total fuel cell output current (e.g., 120 amps) is directly or via the bus to the drive motor controller; the remaining current (30 amps) is fed into a step-down DC / DC converter to reduce the voltage from 400 volts to 375 volts (below the 380 volt upper limit) before being output to the power battery for charging. Based on this, the fuel cell output path allocation information is obtained.

[0097] Specifically, such as Figure 2 , 7 As shown, the safe hydrogen emission control module includes:

[0098] The concentration change rate extraction submodule obtains the fuel cell output path allocation information, collects the current value of the hydrogen concentration sensor at the hydrogen fuel cell exhaust outlet and the sampling value at the previous time point, calculates the difference between the two hydrogen concentrations per unit time, divides the difference by the time interval to obtain the hydrogen concentration change rate per unit time, compares the hydrogen concentration change rate per unit time with the set combustible gas concentration change rate threshold, and generates the hydrogen concentration change rate offset.

[0099] The current value of the hydrogen concentration sensor at the exhaust outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell is collected, along with the previous sampling value. The electrochemical hydrogen concentration sensor at the exhaust outlet measures at a fixed frequency, e.g., once per second. At the current time point, the sensor reading is 50 ppm. The sampling value from the previous second is retrieved from the memory, which is 48 ppm. The difference between the two hydrogen concentration measurements per unit time is calculated, and the difference is divided by the time interval to obtain the rate of change of hydrogen concentration per unit time. The difference is 50 ppm minus 48 ppm, which equals 2 ppm. The time interval is 1 second. Therefore, the rate of change of hydrogen concentration per unit time is 2 ppm per second. The rate of change of hydrogen concentration per unit time is then compared with a set threshold for the rate of change of combustible gas concentration. The threshold for the rate of change of combustible gas concentration is set by long-term monitoring of exhaust hydrogen concentration change data under various normal operating conditions, statistically processing these change rate data, and calculating their average value and standard deviation. The sum of the average value and three times the standard deviation is used as the threshold value. This statistical method aims to cover most normal fluctuations, considering rapid changes outside this range as abnormal. For example, after data analysis, a threshold of 10 ppm per second is set. The interval comparison process involves comparing the calculated rate of change of 2 ppm per second with the threshold value of 10 ppm per second. Since 2 ppm per second is less than 10 ppm per second, it is determined to be within the limit, generating a hydrogen concentration change rate offset.

[0100] The catalytic response triggering submodule determines whether the state is beyond the limit based on the offset of the hydrogen concentration change rate. Then, it generates a catalyst thermal control response activation signal, controls the hydrogen elimination catalyst power control unit to increase the electric heating power, sets the thermal control output maintenance cycle, updates the status record, and obtains catalyst power adjustment command information.

[0101] The specific method for setting the threshold for the rate of change of combustible gas concentration is to set the sum of the average value of the rate of change of hydrogen concentration under normal hydrogen discharge conditions in historical operating conditions and the corresponding standard deviation as the threshold for the rate of change of combustible gas concentration.

[0102] The process of determining whether a state is in an out-of-bounds state is as follows: if the deviation of the hydrogen concentration change rate is greater than the threshold of the combustible gas concentration change rate and the continuous duration exceeds the shortest triggering period, then it is determined to be an out-of-bounds state.

[0103] The process of controlling the power control unit of the hydrogen elimination catalyst to increase the electric heating power is as follows: the electric heating output power of the catalyst is increased stepwise at a fixed rate to the middle section between the maximum rated heating power and the current power value, which serves as the instantaneous control target.

[0104] The process of setting the thermal control output maintenance cycle is as follows: the product of the current temperature rise rate of the exhaust port thermal sensor and the feedback delay time of the power control loop is used as the upper limit constraint of the cycle. After the cycle ends, the execution power will be automatically reduced to the preset power.

[0105] Since the rate of change is less than the threshold, the result is "not exceeding the limit". Therefore, the catalyst thermal control response activation signal will not be generated, and subsequent actions such as power increase and cycle setting will not be executed. If, under another operating condition, the hydrogen concentration jumps from 50 ppm to 65 ppm in one second, the rate of change is 15 ppm per second. In this case, comparing this value with the threshold of 10 ppm per second reveals that it exceeds the threshold. Next, the duration of this exceeding-limit state is checked. The set minimum trigger cycle is to prevent false judgments caused by sensor noise or instantaneous disturbances; its value is set according to response characteristics and safety requirements, for example, 3 consecutive seconds. If the exceeding-limit state lasts for more than 3 seconds, it is ultimately determined to be an "exceeding-limit state". At this time, the catalyst thermal control response activation signal is generated. The power control unit of the hydrogen removal catalyst is controlled to increase the electric heating power. After receiving the activation signal, the power control unit reads the current electric heating output power of the catalyst, for example, 100 watts. Simultaneously, it reads the maximum rated heating power of the catalyst, for example, 500 watts. The calculation process is as follows: Half of the difference between the maximum rated power and the current power (500-100=400 watts) is taken (200 watts), and then added to the current power (100+200=300 watts). This 300 watts is used as the target power for instantaneous adjustment. A thermal control output maintenance cycle is set. This cycle is dynamically set by collecting the temperature rise rate of the current exhaust port thermistor, for example, 0.5 Kelvin per second, and multiplying it by the known feedback delay time of the power control loop, for example, 10 seconds, to obtain a cycle upper limit constraint of 5 seconds. The controller will use this cycle upper limit as the maintenance time for this power increase. After the cycle ends, the executed power automatically drops back to a preset standby power, for example, 80 watts. Based on this, the status record is updated, and catalytic converter power adjustment command information is obtained.

[0106] The hydrogen emission closed-loop confirmation submodule monitors the current temperature change value of the tail gas pipe thermistor and the operating status feedback of the hydrogen elimination catalyst power control loop based on the catalyst power adjustment command information. It performs a logical consistency judgment between the two to determine whether the power increase command is effectively closed into the tail gas temperature control feedback path, establishes hydrogen emission control closed-loop status indication information, and obtains the tail gas treatment trigger action command set.

[0107] After the power control unit executes the command to increase the power output to 300 watts, the execution effect of the command is verified. The temperature of the exhaust pipe thermistor is monitored by reading its value to see if it rises as expected. Simultaneously, operating status parameters such as actual output power and operating current are read from the power control unit's feedback port to confirm their consistency with the command value of 300 watts. A logical consistency check is then performed. The rule for logical consistency is: within a preset time window (e.g., within 2 seconds) after the power increase command is issued, the feedback status of the power control loop must show that the output power has reached more than 90% of the target value, and the temperature change value of the exhaust pipe thermistor must show a positive increase. In this example, if the feedback power reaches 295 watts and the temperature reading begins to rise continuously, it is considered "logically consistent." If the feedback power is far below the target value, or the temperature does not change or even decreases, it is considered "logically inconsistent," and a fault alarm may be triggered. The system then determines whether the power increase command has effectively closed into the exhaust gas temperature control feedback path, establishing a hydrogen emission control closed-loop status indication information. Based on the "logical consistency" determination, it is confirmed that the command has been successfully issued and the actuator has responded correctly, forming a closed loop from control command to physical state change. At this point, the established hydrogen emission control closed loop status indication information is "loop successful". Based on this, the exhaust gas treatment trigger action command set is obtained.

[0108] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A dual-mode hydrogen supply based solid state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system, characterized in that, The system comprises: The hydrogen supply path identification module collects the hydrogen storage tank cavity pressure sensor reading and the hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen inlet gas pressure transmitter value in the solid-state hydrogen storage device, judges the current hydrogen supply mode of the solid-state hydrogen storage device, and generates a hydrogen supply path activation state label; The hydrogen supply path identification module comprises: The differential pressure calculation submodule collects the hydrogen storage tank cavity pressure sensor reading and the hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen inlet gas pressure transmitter value in the solid-state hydrogen storage device, calculates the difference between the pressure sensor reading and the pressure transmitter value, obtains the differential pressure value in the solid-state hydrogen storage hydrogen supply path, and matches the differential pressure value with the hydrogen supply differential pressure threshold value to establish the effective section label of the differential pressure and generate the hydrogen supply differential pressure section information; The thermal offset rate extraction submodule collects the thermocouple temperature gradient change rate of the hydrogen supply replacement interface and the unit time heat flux value of the hydrogen storage base according to the hydrogen supply differential pressure section information, calculates the difference value between the temperature gradient change rate and the unit time heat flux value, divides the difference value by the temperature gradient change rate to obtain the offset ratio value, and compares the offset ratio value with the lower threshold value of heat flux coupling to generate the heat flux offset ratio result; The hydrogen supply mode determination submodule calls the heat flux offset ratio result and the hydrogen supply differential pressure section information, judges the logical relationship between the hydrogen supply differential pressure section information and the heat flux offset ratio result within the corresponding threshold boundary interval by constructing a binary decision combination condition matrix, outputs the working channel state of the solid-state hydrogen storage device in the online hydrogenation and hydrogen supply replacement channel according to the joint determination result, and generates the hydrogen supply path activation state label; The hydrogen storage unit state monitoring module collects the internal thermistor temperature rise rate, the hydrogen storage tank pressure retention time value, and the electromagnetic locking state quantity in the mechanical structure of the hydrogen storage unit based on the hydrogen supply path activation state label, determines whether the current hydrogen supply unit can continuously support stable hydrogen supply, and obtains hydrogen storage unit hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information; The linkage channel switching module calls the hydrogen storage unit hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information, detects the hydrogen supply state data in the standby channel, analyzes whether the main channel meets the continuous and stable hydrogen supply, judges the output direction of the fuel cell, and generates a hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group; The fuel cell load matching module analyzes whether the hydrogen flow can support the reaction ratio required by the current output value according to the hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group, judges whether the fuel cell output should be preferentially directed to the driving motor or the power battery, and generates fuel cell output path distribution information. The hydrogen supply path activation state label includes path identification mark, thermal response level classification, pressure differential critical section positioning, and hydrogen supply channel working state. The hydrogen storage unit hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information includes temperature rise lag judgment quantity, gas pressure release duration, and locking linkage state feedback. The hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group includes main channel switching determination signal, auxiliary channel activation driving signal, state synchronization confirmation mark, and path priority coding. The fuel cell output path distribution information includes driving load priority strategy, battery charging switching mark, hydrogen flow reaction balance parameter, and power stack energy supply channel instruction.

2. The dual-mode hydrogen supply based solid-state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system of claim 1, wherein, The hydrogen storage unit state monitoring module comprises: The temperature rise determination submodule determines the temperature rise rate value of the hydrogen storage unit based on the hydrogen supply path activation state tag, compares the temperature rise rate value with the metal hydride release start critical temperature rise rate, determines whether the current temperature rise rate is below the start threshold, identifies the thermal response level of the hydrogen storage material based on the difference value direction, and generates thermal response inhibition discrimination information; The pressure retention identification submodule acquires the pressure retention time value of the hydrogen storage tank during the continuous hydrogen supply process based on the thermal response inhibition discrimination information, calls the hydrogen supply continuous critical period value as a comparison reference benchmark, compares the pressure retention time value with the comparison reference benchmark, determines whether the current pressure maintenance state is in the expired invalid interval, labels the determination result as a pressure release continuity state tag, and generates hydrogen supply pressure timeout state information; The locking state confirmation submodule acquires the electromagnetic locking state quantity in the mechanical structure of the hydrogen storage unit based on the hydrogen supply pressure timeout state information, identifies whether the locking state quantity is a disconnection instruction code, and if the current state is a release code, performs ternary logic verification on the hydrogen supply sustainability of the current hydrogen storage unit based on the thermal response inhibition discrimination information and the hydrogen supply pressure timeout state information, and obtains hydrogen storage unit hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information.

3. The dual-mode hydrogen supply based solid-state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system of claim 1, wherein, The linkage path switching module comprises: The hydrogen supply state construction submodule acquires the hydrogen storage unit hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information, acquires the Hall sensor connection signal of the hydrogen supply replacement interface in the standby channel and the opening and closing state value of the electrically controlled shut-off valve in the main hydrogen supply path, combines the Hall sensor connection signal and the electrically controlled shut-off valve opening and closing state value to form a binary state group, generates path component linkage state information according to whether the combined state meets the standard hydrogen supply opening condition; The path continuity determination submodule acquires the steady-state time period value recorded by the hydrogen inlet end pressure sensor based on the path component linkage state information, calls the hydrogen storage unit hydrogen supply effectiveness indication information, and performs state consistency determination with the pressure steady-state time period, determines whether the current main hydrogen supply path can maintain stable hydrogen supply conditions, establishes a hydrogen supply capability logic tag, and generates a hydrogen supply path continuity determination identifier; The path switching instruction generation submodule determines whether to trigger the path switching mechanism according to the hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group, and generates a hydrogen supply path linkage switching signal group.

4. The dual-mode hydrogen supply based solid-state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system of claim 1, wherein, The system further comprises: The safe hydrogen discharge control module calls the fuel cell output path distribution information, monitors the hydrogen concentration sensor value at the hydrogen fuel cell tail gas discharge port and the sampling value at the previous time point, compares the hydrogen concentration unit time change rate with the combustible gas concentration change rate threshold, determines whether to trigger the heating power increase instruction of the hydrogen elimination catalyst, adjusts the power control of the hydrogen elimination catalyst, and obtains a tail gas treatment trigger action instruction set; The tail gas treatment trigger action instruction set comprises a concentration response trigger mark, a catalyst activation command, a heat control interval working mode, and a hydrogen discharge closed-loop verification factor.

5. The dual-mode hydrogen supply based solid-state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system of claim 4, wherein, The safe hydrogen discharge control module comprises: The concentration change rate extraction submodule obtains the fuel cell output path distribution information, collects the current value of the hydrogen concentration sensor at the hydrogen fuel cell exhaust outlet and the sampling value at the previous time point, calculates the difference between the two hydrogen concentrations within a unit time, divides the difference by the time interval to obtain the hydrogen concentration change rate per unit time, compares the hydrogen concentration change rate per unit time with the set combustible gas concentration change rate threshold, and generates a hydrogen concentration change rate offset; The catalytic response triggering submodule determines whether it is an out-of-bound state based on the hydrogen concentration change rate offset. When it is an out-of-bound state, a catalytic converter thermal control response activation signal is generated to control the hydrogen removal catalyst power control unit to increase the electric heating power, set a thermal control output maintenance period, update the state record, and obtain the catalytic converter power adjustment instruction information; The hydrogen removal closed loop confirmation submodule monitors the current temperature change value of the exhaust pipe heat sensitive sensor and the operating state feedback of the hydrogen removal catalyst power control loop based on the catalytic converter power adjustment instruction information, performs logical consistency determination on the two, judges whether the power increase instruction is effectively closed in the exhaust temperature control feedback path, establishes the hydrogen removal control closed loop state indication information, and obtains the exhaust treatment triggering action instruction set.

6. The dual-mode hydrogen supply based solid-state hydrogen storage-fuel cell integrated powertrain system of claim 5, wherein, The combustible gas concentration change rate threshold is set by adding the average value of the hydrogen concentration change rate in the normal hydrogen removal state under historical working conditions and the corresponding standard deviation. The process of determining whether it is an out-of-bound state is specifically that if the hydrogen concentration change rate offset is greater than the combustible gas concentration change rate threshold and the continuous duration exceeds the minimum trigger period, it is determined to be an out-of-bound state. The process of controlling the hydrogen removal catalyst power control unit to increase the electric heating power is specifically that the electric heating output power of the catalyst is increased by a fixed multiple step to an intermediate section between the maximum rated heating power and the current power value as the instantaneous regulation target. The process of setting the thermal control output maintenance period is specifically that the product of the temperature rise rate of the current exhaust outlet heat sensitive sensor and the power control loop feedback delay time is used as the upper limit constraint of the period, and after the period ends, the execution power automatically falls back to the preset power.

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