Bait for preventing and treating capsella ciliata pests in tobacco field as well as preparation method and application of bait

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of green prevention and control of injurious insects, and particularly relates to bait for preventing and controlling tobacco field capsella ciliata injurious insects and a preparation method and application of the bait. The bait is formed by mixing basic bait and a special attractant according to the mass ratio of (150-450): 1. The basic bait comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of white sugar, 40-60 parts of white vinegar, 20-30 parts of white spirit, 3-5 parts of agar, 4-6 parts of sodium alginate, 30-50 parts of peeled bananas and 150-280 parts of water; the special attractant comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of phenylacetaldehyde, 1 part of geraniol and 1 part of isobutyl acetate. The bait provided by the invention can be used for remarkably trapping, killing and controlling the insect pests in the tobacco field and reducing the population density of the insect pests. The bait formula is green and environment-friendly, can be effectively degraded into micromolecular organic matters or inorganic matters in the environment, is safe to the environment, and meets the basic requirements of green plant protection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of green pest control, and particularly relates to a bait for preventing and treating Maladera spp. pests in tobacco fields as well as a preparation method and application thereof. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

[0002] Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a crop with important economic value, and plays an important role in improving farmers' economic income and promoting rural economic development. At present, the tobacco planting area is largest and the yield is highest in Yunnan Province, followed by Guizhou, Sichuan, Henan, Hunan and Hubei Provinces. However, tobacco is often damaged by various pests during cultivation, and improper control often causes great economic losses to tobacco farmers.

[0003] Scarab beetles are one of the important pests affecting the yield and quality of tobacco, and large-scale outbreaks can seriously affect the normal growth and development of tobacco, thereby causing great economic losses to tobacco farmers. In recent years, Maladera spp. as the dominant group of scarab beetles has caused great impact on flue-cured tobacco production in local areas of Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces. The larvae of Maladera spp. feed on the roots of tobacco, and the adults feed on the leaves and growth points of tobacco at the seedling and rosette stages after emergence, thereby affecting the normal growth and development of tobacco, and even forcing re-planting in severe cases. At present, tobacco quality improvement and green production have become an inevitable trend of tobacco agricultural development, and it is crucial to find suitable pest control methods for comprehensive management of tobacco pests. Since the larvae of scarab beetles live in soil and have strong concealment, and the adults are mostly diurnal, it is difficult to control them. Although a large amount of chemical insecticides can achieve good results, they are prone to cause pesticide resistance in pests and pollute the ecological environment of farmland, so it is of great significance to carry out research on green control technology.

[0004] Using pheromones to carry out green pest control is a current research hotspot. Pheromone trapping usually only needs to use a small amount or trace amount of volatile compounds in combination with specific trapping devices or insecticides, which can achieve green and efficient control effect on adult pests. The sex pheromones of different types of scarab beetles are quite different. The use of plant volatile odors and other foraging pheromones for the attraction or repulsion of scarab beetles can also play a certain control role in the intercropping or adjacent cropping of different crops in the field. In addition, insect aggregation pheromones can also be used for pest control. Not only can female adults secrete, but male adults also have the ability to synthesize, and even larvae can produce specific aggregation pheromones.

[0005] At present, there have been research reports on the bait control technology for adult scarab beetles such as Popillia japonica, Anomala corpulenta, Anomala diana and Anomala rufocuprea, but there are few reports on the bait control technology for adult Maladera spp. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present application firstly provides a bait for preventing and treating tobacco field serpentine pests, which has good attracting and preventing effect on common serpentine pests in tobacco field.

[0007] The present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The bait for preventing and treating tobacco field serpentine pests is prepared by mixing base bait and special attractant according to a mass ratio of 150-450:1; the base bait comprises 20-30 parts of white sugar, 40-60 parts of white vinegar, 20-30 parts of white wine, 3-5 parts of agar, 4-6 parts of sodium alginate, 30-50 parts of banana and 150-280 parts of water by mass fraction; and the special attractant comprises 3 parts of phenylacetaldehyde, 1 part of geraniol and 1 part of isobutyl acetate by mass fraction.

[0009] Preferably, the serpentine pests are Maladera verticalis, Maladera orientalis and / or Maladera ovatula.

[0010] Preferably, the base bait comprises 25 parts of white sugar, 50 parts of white vinegar, 25 parts of white wine, 4 parts of agar, 5 parts of sodium alginate, 40 parts of peeled banana and 200 parts of water by mass fraction.

[0011] Preferably, in the base bait, the mass fraction of sucrose in white sugar is ≥95%, the content of acetic acid in white vinegar is 3-5 wt%, and the content of alcohol in white wine is 40-53 wt%.

[0012] Preferably, in the special attractant, the effective component content of phenylacetaldehyde, geraniol and isobutyl acetate is ≥95%.

[0013] The present application secondly provides a preparation method of the bait for preventing and treating tobacco field serpentine pests as described above, which comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1. The required raw materials are weighed according to the required proportion, and the banana is peeled and mashed for standby;

[0015] S2. The agar, sodium alginate and white sugar are sequentially added to water, heated and stirred until melted, and then cooled to 80℃, and then the white vinegar, white wine and banana mud are added and stirred uniformly to obtain the base bait;

[0016] S3. When the base bait is cooled to 60℃, the phenylacetaldehyde, geraniol and isobutyl acetate are added and stirred uniformly;

[0017] S4. After cooling to room temperature and solidification, the required bait in gel state is obtained.

[0018] The application finally provides a method for using the bait for preventing and treating the tobacco field Melolontha pest, wherein the bait is cut into 15-45 g per piece, and then is placed in the tobacco field at a density of 10-20 pieces per mu.

[0019] Preferably, the bait is placed at a position 10-30 cm, preferably 20 cm, above the top end of the tobacco plant.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The application provides a bait formula for attracting and killing tobacco Melolontha adults, which uses agar and sodium alginate as main adsorption and slow-release materials, white sugar, white vinegar, white wine and banana paste as auxiliary materials, and benzeneacetaldehyde, geraniol and isobutyl acetate as key trapping substances, and is processed into a Melolontha adult bait with good and sustained attracting effect, which can significantly attract and kill tobacco Melolontha adults and reduce the pest population density.

[0022] The bait formula has good slow-release effect, can effectively prolong the release time of the pheromone, and improve the trapping effect on tobacco Melolontha adults.

[0023] The bait formula of the application uses low-toxicity or non-toxic materials as raw materials, which can be effectively degraded into small molecular organic or inorganic substances in the environment, is green and environmentally friendly, is safe to the environment, and meets the basic requirements of green plant protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the trap used in Example 2;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a trapping effect diagram of the bait with different formulas on Melolontha pectoralis in Example 2;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a trapping effect diagram of the bait with different formulas on Melolontha orientalis in Example 2;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a trapping effect diagram of the bait with different formulas on all Melolontha in Example 2;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a trapping effect diagram of the bait with different formulas on Melolontha in Example 3.

[0029] Figure 1 In the drawings, the meanings of the reference signs are as follows: 1, trap cylinder; 2, lure core box; 3, insect trapping hole; 4, sawtooth inverted bristles; 5, skirt; 6, hook; 7, connecting rod; 8, drainage hole; 9, fixing block; 10, horizontal rod; 11, insertion rod; 13, rain cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions of the present application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with examples. Unless otherwise specified, the terms used herein have meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The bait is prepared by using agar gel encapsulation method, including the following steps:

[0033] S1. 4g of agar, 5g of sodium alginate, and 25g of white sugar are sequentially added to 200g of water, until boiling and allowing the agar, sodium alginate, and white sugar to be fully dissolved, and then water is added to make up to 234g;

[0034] S2. After cooling to 80℃, 50g of white vinegar, 25g of white wine, and 40g of banana puree are added, and stirred uniformly to obtain a basic bait;

[0035] S3. When the basic bait is cooled to 60℃, 1mL of special attractant is added and stirred uniformly; the special attractant is obtained by mixing phenylacetaldehyde, geraniol, and isobutyl acetate according to a mass ratio of 3:1:1;

[0036] S4. After cooling to room temperature and solidifying, the desired bait in a gel state is obtained.

[0037] In the above formula, the mass ratio of sucrose in white sugar is ≥95%, the content of acetic acid in white vinegar is 3-5wt%, and the content of alcohol in white wine is 40-53wt%. In the special attractant, the content of effective components of phenylacetaldehyde, geraniol, and isobutyl acetate is ≥95%.

[0038] In this application, the bait is cut into 15-45g per piece, and then placed in the tobacco field at a density of 10-20 per mu. In order to improve the trapping effect, the bait can be placed in a trap for use, and the bait should be placed slightly higher than the top of the tobacco plant. At the same time, the density should be high in areas where pests occur seriously, and if conditions permit, the trap should be placed around the field and near the edges of walnut, red flower, apple, and other forest belts. In the later period, the bait should be replaced or supplemented according to the use of the bait in the tobacco field, and the bait should be replaced or supplemented once when the weather is hot and dry. After the occurrence of tobacco scarab adults, the trap should be taken out of the tobacco field in time and stored in a ventilated and cool place.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] Trapping experiment

[0041] 1. Bait preparation

[0042] According to the method of Example 1, four groups of bait are prepared by replacing different special attractant formulations, as follows (all in mass ratio):

[0043] BX group: phenylacetaldehyde: geraniol = 3:2;

[0044] BE group: phenylacetaldehyde: ethyl 2-methylbutanoate = 3:2;

[0045] BY group: phenylacetaldehyde: isobutyl acetate = 3:2;

[0046] BB group: phenylacetaldehyde: benzyl acetate = 3:2.

[0047] After each group of bait preparation, cut into 3cm*3cm*3cm block-shaped gel solid dosage forms.

[0048] 2, test trap

[0049] A unified structure of the trap is used as the experimental trapping device. The structure is as follows:

[0050] Reference Figure 1 , the trapping device comprises a trapping cylinder 1, the top of the trapping cylinder 1 is provided with a rain cover 13, and the bottom is provided with a mounting part. When in use, the mounting part is used to install the trapping cylinder 1 at the corresponding field. The inside of the trapping cylinder 1 is detachably provided with a lure core box 2. The lure core box 2 is installed at the bottom of the rain cover 13, or the lure core box 12 can also be installed at the inner wall of the top of the trapping cylinder 1. For the detachable installation of the lure core box 2, a hook 6 can be arranged at the bottom of the rain cover 13, the hook 6 is hung with a connecting rod 7, the lure core box 2 is installed at the bottom end of the connecting rod 7, and then the connecting rod 7 is removed from the hook 6, so that the lure core box 2 can be detached.

[0051] The trapping cylinder 1 is provided with a pest hole 3, and a plurality of sawtooth barbs 4 are arranged in the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the pest hole 3. The plurality of sawtooth barbs 4 are arranged in a conical shape, and the sharp end of the whole formed by the plurality of sawtooth barbs 4 is located in the trapping cylinder 2, so that the pest hole 3 and the plurality of sawtooth barbs 4 form a horn-shaped channel. The design of the channel can only allow pests to enter from the outside to the inside, but cannot move out from the inside to the outside, so as to limit the pests in the trapping cylinder 1 and realize trapping and collection. In order to improve the collection efficiency, the pest hole 3 is arranged in multiple groups and arranged in the circumferential direction on the trapping cylinder 1. This design realizes omnidirectional trapping and collection of pests.

[0052] At the same time, based on the characteristics that the scarab beetles hibernate in the soil for a long time and the flight posture and time are difficult to control, the outer part of the trapping cylinder 1 is provided with a skirt 5, which is located below the pest hole 3. The existence of the skirt 5 makes it become a resting platform for the temporary rest of the scarab beetles. After the scarab beetles rest well on the platform, they can smoothly fly into the pest hole 3 and realize efficient trapping.

[0053] Preferably, the skirt 5 is arranged in a ring shape and has an overall bowl-shaped layout, and the opening of the bowl-shaped skirt 5 is arranged upward. When the beetle flies from the soil to the trap hole 3, if it cannot directly enter the trap hole 3 and hits the outer wall of the trap cylinder 1, the bowl-shaped layout can receive the beetle and prevent it from falling, shorten the distance for the beetle to enter the trap hole 3 again, and improve the success rate of trapping.

[0054] The mounting member includes a fixing block 9 arranged at the bottom outer wall of the trap cylinder 1, and a horizontal rod 10 is detachably arranged on the fixing block 9. The two ends of the horizontal rod 10 are provided with insertion rods 11, and the bottom end of the insertion rod 11 is designed in a sharp shape to be inserted into the corresponding field soil.

[0055] In the experiment, the trap cylinder 1 is 25 cm high and 10 cm in diameter. Two rows of beetle assemblies are arranged on the trap cylinder 1, and each row of beetle assemblies has four trap holes 3. The center of the upper row of trap holes 3 is 15 cm away from the bottom of the trap cylinder 1, and the center of the lower row of trap holes 3 is 7.5 cm away from the bottom of the trap cylinder 1. The diameter of the trap hole 3 is 1.5 cm. The number of sawtooth reverse hairs 4 is eight. The outer edge of the skirt 5 is 5 cm away from the outer wall of the trap cylinder 1, and the outer edge of the skirt 5 forms a 60-degree angle with the vertical surface of the trap cylinder 1. Eight drainage holes 8 are arranged, and the diameter of each drainage hole 8 is 0.5 cm. Two groups of mounting members are arranged. The lure core box 2 is in a cylindrical structure, and the height and diameter of the lure core box 2 are 4 cm and 5 cm respectively. The lure core box 2 has an upward open end and a downward closed end. A mesh cover is detachably arranged on the open end of the lure core box 2, and the mesh cover is used to connect with the connecting rod 7.

[0056] In use, the bait is placed in the lure core box 2, and the distance between the lure core box 2 and the top of the tobacco plant is controlled to be about 20 cm.

[0057] 3. Plot design

[0058] Randomized block design was adopted. The formula screening test included 4 formulas (BX, BE, BY, and BB), and each formula included 5 repetitions, totaling 20 traps. The traps were arranged in the tobacco field at 6 m (5 rows) x 7.5 m (20 plants), i.e., about 15 traps per mu. The test was conducted from May 22 to June 30, 2024, in the tobacco science demonstration garden in Heishitou Town, Weining County, Guizhou Province. The dominant beetles in the test field were mainly Maladera verticalis and Maladera orientalis.

[0059] 4. Results

[0060] After the traps with different bait treatments were arranged in the tobacco field in May 2024, the number of adult beetles in the traps was regularly investigated and collected, and the species of the adult beetles were identified.

[0061] AsFigures 2-4 As shown in the results, the number of broad-legged M. oblongopunctata attracted by the four bait formulations BX, BE, BY and BB were 21, 8, 16 and 10, respectively, with the best being the BX treatment, followed by the BY treatment. The number of M. orientalis attracted by the four bait formulations BX, BE, BY and BB were 6, 16, 18 and 3, respectively, with the best being the BY treatment, followed by the BE treatment. In terms of the total beetle adult attraction effect, the bait had a good trapping effect on the dominant M. oblongopunctata in Weining Heishan tobacco, with the BX and BY bait formulations having better trapping effects, with the BX being the best.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] Formulation optimization

[0064] According to the screening results of Example 2, further special attractant formulation optimization tests were carried out, and the traps used were the same as in Example 2.

[0065] 1. Bait preparation

[0066] The special bait was prepared by the agar glue package method, and the production steps were as follows:

[0067] 1) 4 g of agar, 5 g of sodium alginate, 25 g of white sugar were added to 200 g of water in turn, heated to boiling and the agar, sodium alginate and white sugar were fully dissolved, then water was added to 234 g;

[0068] 2) When cooled to 80°C, 50 g of white vinegar, 25 g of white wine and 40 g of banana puree were added and mixed evenly to obtain the basic bait;

[0069] 3) When the basic bait was cooled to 60°C, 1 mL of special attractant was added and mixed evenly;

[0070] 4) After cooling to room temperature and solidifying, cut into 3 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm block-shaped gel solid dosage forms.

[0071] The above special attractant was set up in four formulations, and the information is as follows (all are mass ratios):

[0072] BX group: benzaldehyde: geraniol = 3:2;

[0073] BXE group: benzaldehyde: geraniol: ethyl 2-methylbutyrate = 3:1:1;

[0074] BXY group: benzaldehyde: geraniol: isobutyl acetate = 3:1:1;

[0075] BYE group: benzaldehyde: isobutyl acetate: ethyl 2-methylbutyrate = 3:1:1.

[0076] 2. Plot design

[0077] The formula optimization test is divided into four kinds (BX, BXE, BXY, BYE) of formula, and each formula is arranged with not less than 20 traps. The traps are arranged in tobacco field according to 6m (5 rows) x 7.5m (20 plants). The test date is May 22, 2025-June 17, 2025, and the location is Weining County, Guizhou Province.

[0078] After the bait is placed in the trap, it is arranged in the tobacco field on May 22, 2025, and the number of adult Maladera ovatula, Maladera verticalis and Maladera orientalis in the trap is investigated and counted regularly.

[0079] As shown in Figure 5 The investigation and counting results show that the number of adult Maladera ovatula, Maladera verticalis and Maladera orientalis attracted by a single trap of the four kinds of formula bait is 3.2, 5.2, 6.1 and 5.7 respectively, and the BXY treatment is the best, followed by the BYE treatment. Therefore, BXY (benzene acetaldehyde: geraniol: isobutyl acetate = 3:1:1) is selected as the special attractant for adult Maladera ovatula, Maladera verticalis and Maladera orientalis in tobacco field.

[0080] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A bait for controlling silkworm beetles in tobacco fields, characterized in that, The bait is mixed by a base bait and a special attractant according to a mass ratio of 150-450:1; the base bait includes 20-30 parts of white sugar, 40-60 parts of white vinegar, 20-30 parts of white wine, 3-5 parts of agar, 4-6 parts of sodium alginate, 30-50 parts of peeled banana, and 150-280 parts of water in terms of mass; the special attractant includes 3 parts of phenylacetaldehyde, 1 part of geraniol, and 1 part of isobutyl acetate.

2. The bait for controlling silkworm beetles in tobacco fields as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The brachytus pests are Maladera verticalis and / or Maladera orientalis and / or Maladera ovatula.

3. The bait for controlling the Agolius spp. in tobacco fields according to claim 1, wherein the tobacco plant is Nicotiana tabacum. The base bait includes 25 parts of white sugar, 50 parts of white vinegar, 25 parts of white wine, 4 parts of agar, 5 parts of sodium alginate, 40 parts of peeled banana, and 200 parts of water in terms of mass. ​ 4. The bait for controlling the Agolius spp. in tobacco fields according to claim 1, wherein the tobacco plant is Nicotiana tabacum. In the base bait, the mass ratio of sucrose in white sugar is ≥95%, the content of acetic acid in white vinegar is 3-5 wt%, and the content of alcohol in white wine is 40-53 wt%. ​ 5. The bait for controlling silkworm beetles in tobacco fields as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the special attractant, the effective component content of phenylacetaldehyde, geraniol and isobutyl acetate is ≥95%.

6. A method for preparing the bait for controlling the Agolius spp. in tobacco fields according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1. The raw materials are weighed according to the required proportion, and the peeled banana is mashed for use; S2. The agar, sodium alginate and white sugar are added to water in sequence, heated and stirred until melted, then cooled to 80℃, and then the white vinegar, white wine and banana mud are added and stirred uniformly to obtain the base bait; S3. When the base bait is cooled to 60℃, the phenylacetaldehyde, geraniol and isobutyl acetate are added and stirred uniformly; S4. After cooling to room temperature and solidifying, the required bait in a gel state is obtained.

7. A method of using the bait for controlling the Melolonthinae pest in a tobacco field according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The bait is cut into 15-45 g per piece, and then placed in the tobacco field at a density of 10-20 pieces per mu.

8. The method of use of claim 7, wherein, The bait is placed at a position 10-30 cm higher than the top end of the tobacco plant.

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