Ruminant animal feed capable of replacing soybean meal as well as preparation method and application of ruminant animal feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a ruminant feed capable of replacing soybean meal as well as a preparation method and application of the ruminant feed. The ruminant animal feed is prepared from the following raw material matrixes in parts by weight through compound probiotic fermentation: 45-55 parts of corn sugar residues, 15-25 parts of corn steep liquor, 10-20 parts of corn germ meal, 3-8 parts of extruded soybeans, 3-8 parts of corn protein powder, 2-4 parts of urea and 0.5-1.5 parts of lysine. The compound probiotics are prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus subtilis. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the ruminant feed and application of the ruminant feed in completely replacing soybean meal in daily ration of ruminants. The ruminant feed disclosed by the invention can completely replace soybean meal in daily ration of ruminants, and even if the ruminants are in a fattening period, the soybean meal does not need to be additionally added to maintain protein supply, so that the feed cost is effectively reduced, and multiple targets of saving cost, improving efficiency and protecting environment are achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ruminant feed. More particularly, it relates to a ruminant feed replacing soybean meal and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the ruminant breeding industry, protein feed is the core basis for ensuring the growth and development, production performance and product quality of animals. Soybean meal has been a core protein source in the ruminant diet for a long time due to its high protein content (crude protein content can reach 40%-48%), balanced amino acid composition, good palatability and other advantages. The addition of soybean meal in the basic diet of ruminants such as dairy cows and beef cattle usually accounts for 15%-25%, which directly determines the stability of the nutritional supply of the diet and the economic benefits of breeding.

[0003] However, in recent years, the domestic and foreign soybean market has fluctuated frequently, and the demand structure of the breeding industry has changed, both of which have driven up the price of soybean meal, leading to a continuous rise in the total cost of ruminant breeding and a significant reduction in breeding profit margins. In order to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the livestock industry, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has introduced a number of policies and measures to promote the expansion of feed resources, improve utilization efficiency and optimize the structure of protein feed in the industry, and fully tap the available protein feed resources in China.

[0004] At present, the ruminant soybean meal reduction substitution technology mainly focuses on two aspects: First, expanding alternative protein resources, according to the physiological characteristics and protein metabolism of ruminants, developing high-quality protein raw materials to replace soybean meal. Attempts have been made to use cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, sunflower meal and other by-product meal raw materials, as well as distiller's dried grains with solubles, microbial protein and insect protein as alternative resources for soybean meal. However, it has been found in practical application that such alternative raw materials have significant defects: on the one hand, by-product meal raw materials generally contain anti-nutritional factors (such as gossypol in cottonseed meal, glucosinolate in rapeseed meal, and aflatoxin precursor substances in peanut meal), which not only reduce the digestibility and absorption of protein (which can reduce the utilization rate of protein by ruminants by 10%-15%), but also can cause damage to the liver, kidneys and other organs of ruminants, causing poisoning reactions; on the other hand, by-product meal and unconventional protein raw materials have a high risk of mycotoxin contamination (due to limitations in storage conditions and processing technology, the detection rate of mycotoxins can reach more than 30%, and the toxin content of some batches exceeds the national standard limit by 2-3 times), and the types of toxins are complex (commonly seen are aflatoxin, vomitoxin, ochratoxin and other toxins), which are difficult to completely remove by conventional detoxification processes, severely limiting their addition proportion in ruminant feed (usually only 20%-30% of soybean meal can be replaced, and detoxifying agents need to be used), and cannot achieve complete replacement of soybean meal.

[0005] Second, promote low-protein feeding technology, through precise nutrition regulation and amino acid balance, optimize the amino acid structure, improve the nitrogen use efficiency, so as to realize the reduction of soybean meal. But this technology has obvious limitations: first, its core goal is "reduction" rather than "replacement", usually only reduce 20%-25% of soybean meal usage, unable to achieve complete replacement of soybean meal, still need to rely on soybean meal to provide basic protein; second, the application threshold of the technology is high, it is necessary to carry out fine grouping (such as grouping according to milk yield, parity of dairy cows, body weight, daily gain target of beef cattle), and to develop individualized diet formula for different groups, at the same time, it is necessary to detect and dynamically adjust the nutritional components (crude protein, amino acid composition, crude fiber, etc.) of feed raw materials in real time to ensure the accuracy of amino acid balance. However, small and medium-sized ranches generally have problems such as small breeding scale (less than 100 heads per ranch), weak financial strength, lack of technical personnel, lack of detection equipment, etc., which cannot meet the requirements of fine management of the technology, resulting in limited application of the technology, and unable to solve the problem of soybean meal dependence in the whole industry.

[0006] Therefore, it is a key technical problem to be solved in the current industry to develop a kind of ruminant feed which can completely replace soybean meal, has balanced nutrition, and can effectively reduce feed cost and improve nitrogen utilization. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the above technical problems, the main purpose of the present application is to provide a high-protein ruminant feed produced by fermenting corn processing by-products as the main substrate through composite probiotics. The feed can completely replace soybean meal in the daily diet of ruminants, and even during the fattening period, no additional soybean meal is needed to maintain protein supply. Thus, the feed cost is effectively reduced, achieving the multiple goals of cost reduction, efficiency increase and environmental protection.

[0008] Another purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of the above-mentioned soybean meal-replacing ruminant feed.

[0009] Still another purpose of the present application is to provide the application of the above-mentioned soybean meal-replacing ruminant feed.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present application provides a soybean meal-replacing ruminant feed, which is prepared by fermenting the following raw material substrate by composite probiotics, wherein: corn sugar residue 45-55 parts, corn syrup 15-25 parts, corn germ meal 10-20 parts, expanded soybean 3-8 parts, corn protein powder 3-8 parts, urea 2-4 parts, lysine 0.5-1.5 parts; The composite probiotics are composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis.

[0011] In the present application, corn sugar residue is a by-product in the deep processing of corn sugar; corn syrup is a by-product in the production of corn starch; corn germ meal is a by-product after pressing or leaching oil from corn germ. The present application uses these by-products produced in the processing of corn as the main substrate raw material for preparing the ruminant feed of the present application, and through compounding specific amounts of protein and nutritional supplements (puffed soybeans and corn gluten meal), non-protein nitrogen and amino acid balancing agents (urea and lysine), and fermentation by composite probiotics, the maximum utilization of resources is achieved, and high-protein ruminant feed is produced, which can completely replace soybean meal for use, greatly reducing the breeding cost and improving the nitrogen utilization rate.

[0012] Further, the viable bacterial number ratio of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis is (2-3) :(1-2) : 1.

[0013] Further, the inoculation amount of the composite probiotics is 0.1%-0.5% of the total weight of the raw material substrate.

[0014] Further, the ruminant feed of the present application can be suitable for feeding during the fattening period of ruminants.

[0015] Further, the ruminant can be beef cattle or mutton sheep.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of a ruminant feed for replacing soybean meal, which comprises: The corn sugar residue, corn syrup, corn germ meal, puffed soybeans, corn gluten meal, urea and lysine are weighed according to the formula ratio, mixed uniformly, the water content is adjusted to 35%-45%, the composite probiotics is inoculated, and fermentation is carried out at 30℃-40℃.

[0017] Further, during the fermentation process, the temperature and pH value are monitored. The material temperature will naturally rise, and the highest temperature does not exceed 40℃. When the pH value is stable between 4.2-4.8, it indicates that the fermentation is mature, and the fermentation is ended. The fermented feed has a rich and mellow sour smell.

[0018] Further, after the fermentation is ended, low-temperature drying is preferred to ≤10% of the water content, and a powdery product is prepared, which is convenient for packaging, transportation and storage.

[0019] The ruminant feed for replacing soybean meal of the present application can be used to completely replace the soybean meal in the complete daily ration of ruminants (such as beef cattle or mutton sheep), and can also be used to completely replace the soybean meal in the complete daily ration of ruminants during the fattening period. When replacing, the crude protein and energy equivalent of the product of the present application and the soybean meal are directly added according to the equal nutrition conversion, without the need to change the other nutritional structure of the daily ration.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: 1. Significant economic benefits, significantly reducing feed costs: The present application uses corn sugar residue, corn syrup, corn germ meal and other corn deep processing by-products as the main raw materials. These raw materials are widely available and much cheaper than soybean meal. Through biotechnology, they are converted into high-value protein feed, completely replacing soybean meal, the most expensive component in the diet, significantly reducing the feed costs of ruminant farming, and improving economic benefits.

[0021] 2. Improve nitrogen utilization and reduce environmental pollution: Through the fermentation of complex probiotics (especially yeast and Bacillus subtilis), non-protein nitrogen in the raw materials, especially urea, can be effectively converted into microbial protein. This not only improves the safety of urea use and avoids the risk of ammonia poisoning, but also makes nitrogen exist in a form that is more easily utilized by the rumen of ruminants. The present application significantly improves the deposition rate and utilization rate of dietary nitrogen, thereby reducing the emission of nitrogen-containing substances (such as ammonia and nitrate) through feces and urine, reducing pollution to water bodies and the atmosphere, and meeting the requirements of environmentally friendly farming.

[0022] 3. Improve feed quality and nutritional value: Beneficial metabolites are produced: During fermentation, probiotics produce organic acids (such as lactic acid), digestive enzymes, vitamins (especially B vitamins), and various unknown growth factors, greatly enriching the nutritional content of the feed.

[0023] Degradation of anti-nutritional factors: The fermentation process can effectively degrade cellulose and other indigestible components and certain anti-nutritional factors that may be present in the raw materials, making the feed more easily digestible and absorbable.

[0024] Protein optimization: The degradation of large molecular weight proteins into small peptides and free amino acids improves the biological value of proteins.

[0025] 4. Enhance animal health and production performance: The product is rich in active probiotics and their metabolites, which can help optimize the balance of rumen microflora, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, and improve gastrointestinal health, thereby improving immune function and reducing the incidence of disease.

[0026] The sour smell produced by fermentation can stimulate the appetite of animals and improve palatability, thereby increasing feed intake.

[0027] The combined effects of the above-mentioned functions are expected to further improve the growth rate (daily weight gain) or milk production performance of animals, and improve the overall benefits of farming.

[0028] 5. Efficient use of resources, turning waste into treasure: The present application efficiently converts by-products (sugar residue, corn syrup, etc.) with low added value in the corn processing industry chain into high-protein feed, realizes gradient value-added utilization of agricultural and sideline products, extends the industry chain, and meets the green development concept of circular economy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the present application, the present application will be further described below in combination with preferred embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific description below is illustrative rather than limiting, and the protection scope of the present application should not be limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents involved in the embodiments of the present application are all commercially available products, which can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0030] Example 1: Preparation of ruminant feed (1) Preparation of raw material matrix: The raw material matrix was weighed according to the following weights: 51 kg of corn sugar residue, 20 kg of corn syrup, 15 kg of corn germ meal, 5 kg of expanded soybean, 5 kg of corn protein powder, 3 kg of urea, and 1 kg of lysine.

[0031] (2) Activation of strains: The compound probiotics were composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis at a ratio of 2:1:1 by viable count. 0.1% (0.1 kg) of the compound probiotic solid starter based on the total weight of the above raw material matrix was taken, activated with an appropriate amount of warm water (35-38℃) and a small amount of glucose (about 0.2 kg) for 30 minutes to prepare a bacterial suspension for standby.

[0032] (3) Mixing and adjusting moisture: All solid raw material matrix in step (1) was put into a blender, then corn syrup was slowly added, and about 15 kg of clean water was supplemented, and the mixture was fully stirred and mixed uniformly. Finally, the moisture of the mixed material was adjusted to about 40%.

[0033] (4) Inoculation and fermentation: The activated bacterial suspension was uniformly sprayed onto the mixed material, and the blender was used to mix it uniformly. Then the material was loaded into a breathing bag for closed anaerobic fermentation.

[0034] (5) Fermentation control: The breathing bag was placed in a constant temperature fermentation workshop, and the environmental temperature was controlled at 30±2℃. During the fermentation process, the temperature and pH value were monitored, and the material temperature would naturally rise, with a maximum of not more than 40℃. When the pH value was stabilized at 4.2-4.8, the fermentation was completed, and a rich sour smell could be smelled after opening the bag.

[0035] (6) Finished product: The fermented feed which is wet, brownish yellow and has strong sour smell is dried at low temperature (temperature ≤ 80°C) to moisture ≤ 10% to form a powder product. The crude protein content (on dry basis) is increased from about 28% before fermentation to more than 35%.

[0036] (7) Performance test of finished product: The obtained ruminant feed is measured for moisture (GB / T 6435), crude protein (GB / T 6432), crude fiber (GB / T 6434), amino acid (GB / T 18246) and the like. The measurement results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Performance test results of finished product

[0037] The amino acid detection results of the finished product prepared in the present application are compared with the amino acid detection results of commonly used soybean meal. It is found that the total amount of 16 kinds of amino acids of the finished product prepared in the present application is 32.14%, and the total amount of amino acids of the soybean meal is 38.59%. The total amount of amino acids of the finished product prepared in the present application is lower than that of the soybean meal, but the proportion of the total amount of amino acids of the finished product prepared in the present application to the protein is 89.15%, which is close to the proportion of the total amount of amino acids of the soybean meal to the protein 89.74%. From the analysis of the amino acid content, the finished product prepared in the present application can completely replace the soybean meal.

[0038] Example 2: Preparation of ruminant feed (1) Preparation of raw material matrix: The raw material matrix is weighed according to the following weights: corn sugar residue 46 kg, corn syrup 25 kg, corn germ meal 10 kg, puffed soybean 8 kg, corn protein powder 8 kg, urea 2.5 kg, lysine 0.5 kg.

[0039] (2) Activation of strain: The compound probiotic bacteria are composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis according to the ratio of viable bacteria number 3:2:1. 0.2% (0.2 kg) of the compound probiotic bacteria solid fermentation agent of the total weight of the above raw material matrix is taken, activated with appropriate warm water (35-38°C) and a small amount of glucose (about 0.2 kg) for 30 minutes to form a bacterial suspension for standby.

[0040] (3) Mixing and adjusting moisture: All the solid raw material matrix in step (1) is put into a blender, then corn syrup is slowly added, and about 15 kg of clean water is supplemented, and the mixture is fully stirred and mixed uniformly. Finally, the moisture of the mixed material is adjusted to about 40%.

[0041] (4) Inoculation and fermentation: The activated bacterial suspension is uniformly sprayed onto the mixed material, and the mixture is uniformly mixed with a blender. Then the material is loaded into a breathing bag for closed anaerobic fermentation.

[0042] (5) Fermentation control: The respiration bag is placed in a constant temperature fermentation workshop, and the environmental temperature is controlled at 30±2℃. During the fermentation process, the temperature and pH value are monitored, and the material temperature will naturally rise, and the highest temperature does not exceed 40℃. When the pH value is stable at 4.2~4.8, after the fermentation is finished, the bag is opened, and a rich sour smell can be smelled.

[0043] (6) Product: The wet soft, yellow-brown, and rich sour smell of the fermented feed are obtained after low-temperature drying (temperature≤80°C) to moisture≤10% to form a powdery product. The crude protein content (on a dry basis) is increased from about 28% before fermentation to more than 35%.

[0044] (7) Performance test of the product: The obtained ruminant feed is measured for moisture (GB / T 6435), crude protein (GB / T 6432), crude fiber (GB / T 6434), amino acid (GB / T 18246), and the like. The measurement results are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Performance test results of the product

[0045] The amino acid detection results in the performance test of the product prepared by the present application are compared with the amino acid detection results in the commonly used soybean meal, and it is found that the total amount of 16 kinds of amino acids in the product prepared by the present application is 34.79%, and the total amount of amino acids in the soybean meal is 38.59%. The total amount of amino acids in the product prepared by the present application is lower than that in the soybean meal, but the proportion of the total amount of amino acids in the product prepared by the present application to the protein is 89.71%, which is close to the proportion of the total amount of amino acids in the soybean meal to the protein 89.74%. From the analysis of the amino acid content, the product prepared by the present application can completely replace the soybean meal.

[0046] Example 3: Application test of the ruminant feed of the present application in the diet of meat sheep in the fattening period 1. Test purpose: The influence of the ruminant feed prepared in Example 1 of the present application on the growth performance and nitrogen excretion of meat sheep by completely replacing soybean meal is verified.

[0047] 2. Test design and animal grouping: 60 healthy meat sheep in the fattening period with similar body weight (about 30 kg) are selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, each group has 30 replicates.

[0048] Control group: the protein source of the diet is soybean meal; Test group: the protein source of the diet is the ruminant feed prepared in Example 1, that is, the ruminant feed prepared in Example 1 is used to completely replace the soybean meal; The energy and protein levels of the diets of the two groups are basically kept consistent.

[0049] 3. Feeding management: The pre-test period of the experiment was 7 days, and the formal test period was 60 days. All the mutton sheep were fed in pens, free to eat and drink water, and managed according to the conventional immunization procedure.

[0050] 4. The determination index and results are shown in Table 3: Table 3 Results of using ruminant feed in mutton sheep fattening period diet

[0051] 5. Test conclusion: The ruminant feed prepared by the application completely replaces soybean meal in the mutton sheep fattening period diet, which not only has no negative impact on the growth performance of animals, but also shows a trend of increasing daily weight gain, significantly reduces feed cost, effectively improves nitrogen utilization, reduces nitrogen excretion, and achieves the expected purpose of saving, increasing efficiency and environmental protection.

[0052] Example 4: Application test of ruminant feed of the application in beef cattle fattening period diet 1. Purpose of the test: The influence of the ruminant feed prepared in Example 2 of the application on the growth performance of beef cattle by completely replacing soybean meal was verified.

[0053] 2. Test design and animal grouping: The beef cattle used in this feeding were Simmental, and 46 beef cattle in good health and similar weight (body weight of 450-500 kg) in the fattening period were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, 23 replicates in each group.

[0054] Control group: the protein source of the diet is soybean meal; Test group: the protein source of the diet is the ruminant feed prepared in Example 2, that is, the ruminant feed prepared in Example 2 is used to completely replace soybean meal; The energy and protein levels of the diets of the two groups are basically the same.

[0055] 3. Feeding management: The pre-test period of the experiment was 7 days, and the formal test period was 90 days. All the mutton sheep were fed in pens, free to eat and drink water, and managed according to the conventional immunization procedure.

[0056] 4. The determination index and results are shown in Table 4: Table 4 Results of using ruminant feed in beef cattle fattening period diet

[0057] 5. Test conclusion: The feed prepared by the application can completely replace soybean meal in beef cattle fattening period diet, does not affect the growth performance, significantly reduces the feed cost, and achieves the expected purpose of replacing soybean meal.

[0058] Obviously, the above embodiments of the application are only examples for clearly illustrating the application, and are not intended to limit the implementation manners of the application. Based on the above description, other different forms of changes or variations can be made by those skilled in the art, and it is impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. Any obvious changes or variations derived from the technical solutions of the application still fall within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A ruminant feed to replace soybean meal, characterized by, is prepared by composite probiotic fermentation of the following raw material matrix in parts by weight, wherein: corn sugar residue 45-55 parts, corn steep liquor 15-25 parts, corn germ meal 10-20 parts, expanded soybean 3-8 parts, corn protein powder 3-8 parts, urea 2-4 parts, lysine 0.5-1.5 parts; The composite probiotic is composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis.

2. The ruminant feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of viable bacteria of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis is (2-3) : (1-2) :

1.

3. The ruminant feed of claim 1, wherein, The inoculation amount of the composite probiotic is 0.1%-0.5% of the total weight of the raw material matrix.

4. The ruminant feed of claim 1, wherein, The ruminant feed is suitable for feeding of ruminants in the fattening period.

5. The ruminant feed of claim 4, wherein, The ruminant is beef cattle or mutton sheep.

6. A method of producing a ruminant feed to replace soybean meal according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The preparation method comprises: corn sugar residue, corn steep liquor, corn germ meal, expanded soybean, corn protein powder, urea and lysine are weighed according to the formula proportion, mixed uniformly, the moisture content is adjusted to 35%-45%, inoculated with composite probiotic, anaerobic fermentation at 30-40 DEG C.

7. The production method according to claim 6, wherein The pH value is stabilized at 4.2-4.8, and the fermentation is ended.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, After the fermentation is ended, low-temperature drying is performed until the moisture content is ≤10%, and a powdery product is prepared.

9. The use of the ruminant feed for replacing soybean meal according to any one of claims 1-5 in completely replacing soybean meal in the daily ration of ruminants.

10. The use of the ruminant feed for replacing soybean meal according to any one of claims 1-5 in completely replacing soybean meal in the daily ration of ruminants in the fattening period.

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