Heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction device and method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction device and a method thereof, multiple raw materials are mixed and then jointly catalytically cracked, the catalytic conversion efficiency in the process of producing low-carbon olefins is further improved, and the product selectivity and yield are improved; the device comprises a continuous reactor, a separator, a gas conveying line, a solid conveying line and a crude oil conveying line, the gas conveying line and the crude oil conveying line are respectively connected with the bottom end of the continuous reactor, the solid conveying line is connected with the middle end of the continuous reactor, and the output end of the continuous reactor is connected with the separator; according to the method, crude oil is preheated and then enters a continuous reactor through a crude oil conveying line, low-carbon alkane enters the continuous reactor through a gas conveying line, solid raw materials enter a phase reactor through a solid conveying line, a catalyst enters the continuous reactor through a catalyst conveying line, a reaction is carried out for 1-4 s at the temperature of 470-700 DEG C and the pressure of 0.1-0.5 Mpa, and then a reaction product is conveyed to a separator to be separated. A target product is obtained; belongs to the technical field of heavy oil treatment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of heavy oil processing, and more particularly relates to a continuous reaction device for lightening heavy feedstock and a method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Petroleum is usually in the form of liquid, also known as crude oil, and is usually stored in underground rock pores, which is a natural mineral resource. Heavy crude oil is a kind of crude oil that is difficult to exploit and has high viscosity and density. Under normal reservoir conditions, it is not easy to flow out of the production well. It is called "heavy" because its density or specific gravity is higher than that of light crude oil.

[0003] With the development of the global economy, the quality of crude oil, as an important energy support, is deteriorating and becoming heavier. Heavy oil contains a large amount of sulfur, nitrogen, heavy metals, and residual carbon, which are not conducive to processing. Only about half of the products can be extracted by distillation, and the remaining half of the residual oil needs further deep processing. Therefore, heavy oil lightening technology has been valued by the global refining industry in recent years.

[0004] Low-carbon olefins such as ethylene and propylene are basic raw materials in bulk petrochemical industry. Their related derivatives cover more than 80% of chemical products. For example, ethylene can be used to produce polyethylene, dichloroethane, and vinyl chloride, and propylene can be used to produce polypropylene, propylene oxide, synthetic resins, and other downstream products with high added value. Globally, the main olefin raw materials are alkanes and naphtha, and the main source of diene cracking raw materials is refinery distillate oil, i.e. naphtha, hydrogenated tail oil, and diesel. At present, the main processes for producing low-carbon olefins such as ethylene and propylene include steam cracking, alkane dehydrogenation (PDH), and catalytic cracking (FCC). The production capacity of propylene is limited due to the low propylene / ethylene ratio, and the adjustable range is small. Relying on steam cracking and alkane dehydrogenation to produce propylene cannot meet market demand. Therefore, developing catalytic cracking technology for producing more propylene and ethylene is a production route that meets the national conditions of China. However, the catalytic cracking technology for producing propylene and ethylene has the problems of heavy feedstock and low production efficiency. Therefore, the present application provides a method, device, and reaction system for simultaneously cracking multiple feedstocks to produce more low-carbon olefins. Chinese invention patents CN200910080848.9, CN200910082942.8, CN200910082940.9, CN201710827248.9, CN201710827786.8, CN200810225944.3, CN201410557860.5, CN201110100093.1, CN201410557835.7, etc. all disclose methods for producing low-carbon olefins from petroleum hydrocarbons, which are methods for combining dehydrogenation and olefin cracking in series.

[0005] However, in the prior art, the process method for producing low-carbon olefins by gas-liquid-solid multi-raw material catalytic cracking has not been involved.

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction device and a method thereof. SUMMARY

[0007] A first object of the present application is to provide a heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction device, which can convert heavy raw materials into light products, thereby improving the utilization rate of raw materials and the added value of products.

[0008] Another object of the present application is to provide a heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction method, which uses a new catalyst through a heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction device, and through the catalytic cracking of mixed multi-raw materials, further improves the catalytic conversion efficiency in the process of producing low-carbon olefins, and improves the product selectivity and yield.

[0009] To this end, the first technical solution of the present application is as follows:

[0010] A heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction device, comprising a continuous reactor, a separator, a gas delivery line, a solid delivery line and a crude oil delivery line, wherein the gas delivery line and the crude oil delivery line are respectively connected to the bottom end of the continuous reactor, the solid delivery line is connected to the middle end of the continuous reactor, and the output end of the continuous reactor is connected to the separator.

[0011] Further, the heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction device described above is provided with a blocking block at the bottom end inlet of the continuous reactor, and a through hole is arranged on the blocking block.

[0012] Further, the heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction device described above is provided with a through hole with a hole diameter of 0.3mm.

[0013] Further, the heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction device described above further comprises a catalyst delivery line connected to the continuous reactor.

[0014] Further, the heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction device described above is provided with a crude oil heating furnace on the crude oil delivery line.

[0015] The second technical solution provided by the present application is as follows:

[0016] A heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction method, which is prepared by using the heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction device of the first technical solution, and is specifically as follows:

[0017] The crude oil is preheated and then enters the continuous reactor through the crude oil conveying line, the low-carbon alkane enters the continuous reactor through the gas conveying line, the solid raw material enters the phase reactor through the solid conveying line, and the catalyst enters the continuous reactor through the catalyst conveying line, and then the reaction product is separated in the separator to obtain the target product.

[0018] The solid raw material is at least one of waste plastics and biomass.

[0019] Further, in the heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction method, the crude oil is one or more of naphtha, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, wax oil, residual oil, hydrogenated tail oil, reforming oil and heavy oil; the waste plastics are one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate; the biomass is at least one of lignin and cellulose; and the catalyst is one or more of Fe-modified small crystal ZSM-5, nano-HZSM-5, flaky HZSM-5, Cr2O3 / Al2O3, PtSn / Al2O3, PtFe@S-1 and PtCu@S-1 catalysts.

[0020] Further, in the heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction method, the preheating temperature is 200-400 DEG C.

[0021] Further, in the heavy raw material lightening continuous reaction method, the separator is two-stage condensation, one-stage condensation is 0-20 DEG C, and two-stage condensation is -10-0 DEG C.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the present application has the following technical advantages:

[0023] 1. The technical scheme provided by the present application comprises a continuous reactor, a separator, a gas conveying line, a solid conveying line and a crude oil conveying line, the gas conveying line and the crude oil conveying line are respectively connected with the bottom end of the continuous reactor, the solid conveying line is connected with the middle end of the continuous reactor, and the output end of the continuous reactor is connected with the separator, so that the structure is compact and reasonable, the reaction process is more efficient and continuous, and the operation and maintenance are easy.

[0024] 2. The technical scheme provided by the present application increases the turbulent state of gas flow by the setting of the blocking block and the through hole, and ensures that the solid raw material does not fall after entering; the setting of the crude oil heating furnace can ensure that the crude oil reaches the appropriate reaction temperature before entering the continuous reactor, which is beneficial to the reaction and the generation of products; the two-stage condensation design of the separator can effectively separate the reaction product, improve the purity and yield of the product, and is also beneficial to the subsequent treatment and utilization of the product.

[0025] 3. The technical scheme provided by the present application can realize an efficient and continuous heavy feedstock lightening process through a new catalyst and a heavy feedstock lightening continuous reaction device, and the reaction products are effectively separated by a separator to obtain a high-purity target product.

[0026] 4. The technical scheme provided by the present application can enhance the fluidized bed turbulent effect in the continuous reactor after mixing the gas-liquid-solid three phases, and the preheated heavy oil, alkane and solid feedstock are in contact for efficient heat transfer, which promotes the melting of the solid particles and the speed of participating in the cracking reaction.

[0027] 5. The method, device and process of the present application can more efficiently produce low-carbon olefins with high economic value, and have lower energy consumption, simple device and more stable and convenient operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] The present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and examples.

[0029] Figure 1 is a heavy feedstock lightening continuous reaction device of the first embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The present application provides a heavy feedstock lightening continuous reaction device, which comprises a continuous reactor 1, a separator 2, a gas delivery line 3, a solid delivery line 4 and a crude oil delivery line 5, the gas delivery line 3 and the crude oil delivery line 5 are respectively connected with the bottom end of the continuous reactor 1, the solid delivery line 4 is connected with the middle end of the continuous reactor 1, and the output end of the continuous reactor 1 is connected with the separator 2.

[0033] A block is arranged in the outlet of the continuous reactor 1, and a through hole with a hole diameter of 0.3 mm is arranged on the block.

[0034] The catalyst delivery line 6 is connected to the continuous reactor 1.

[0035] The separator 2 is two-stage condensation.

[0036] Specific reaction: naphtha, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, wax oil, residual oil, hydrogenated tail oil, reforming oil and heavy oil, etc. are preheated to 200-400 DEG C, through the crude oil conveying line 5 into the continuous reactor 1, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, lignin, cellulose, etc. through the solid conveying line 4 into the reactor 1 middle feeder into the reactor 1, catalyst through the catalyst conveying line 6 into the continuous reactor 1, at 470-700 DEG C, 0.1-0.5 Mpa, multi-feedstock synergistic catalytic cracking reaction 0.05-3 s, then the reaction product is transported to the separator separation, first in 0-20 DEG C. Condensation, then in-10 to 0 DEG C. Two-stage condensation, collect the product to get the target product.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] The present application provides a kind of heavy feedstock lightening continuous reaction method, heavy oil is preheated to 300 DEG C, through the crude oil conveying line into continuous reactor, propane is through gas conveying line into continuous reactor, polyethylene is through solid conveying line into the middle feeder of reactor into reactor, catalyst nanometer HZSM-5 is through catalyst conveying line into continuous reactor, after being mixed with gas raw material propane through the bottom of reactor, into the reactor and mixed with catalyst, at 520 DEG C, 0.1 Mpa, multi-feedstock synergistic catalytic cracking reaction 2.2 s, then the reaction product is transported to the separator separation, first in 0-20 DEG C. Condensation, then in-10 to 0 DEG C. Two-stage condensation, collect the product.

[0039] Among them: the mass ratio of heavy oil, propane, polyethylene, nanometer HZSM-5 is 1:0.05:2:0.05.

[0040] Analysis of the collected product is found to be: methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, n-butane, isobutane, n-butene, isobutene, trans-butene, cis-butene, 1, 3 butadiene, isopentane, n-pentane, isopentene, n-pentene, n-pentene, trans-pentene, 2-methyl-2-butene, C6+, light oil, heavy oil, CO, CO2, H2.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] The application provides a method for continuous reaction of heavy feedstock lightening, gasoline and diesel are preheated to 350 DEG C, enter the continuous reactor through the crude oil conveying line, butane enters the continuous reactor through the gas conveying line, lignin and cellulose enter the reactor through the middle part of the reactor feeder, catalyst Cr2O3 / Al2O3 enters the continuous reactor through the catalyst conveying line, is mixed with the gas feedstock butane through the bottom of the reactor, and then enters the reactor to be mixed with the catalyst, and the multi-feedstock synergistic catalytic cracking reaction is carried out at 550 DEG C, 0.2 Mpa for 0.05 s, then the reaction product is conveyed to the separator for separation, one-stage condensation is carried out at 0-20 DEG C, two-stage condensation is carried out at-10-0 DEG C, and the target product is collected.

[0043] The mass ratio of gasoline, diesel, butane, catalyst Cr2O3 / Al2O3, lignin and cellulose is 1:1:0.04:0.1:0.5:0.5.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] The application provides a method for continuous reaction of heavy feedstock lightening, residue oil and hydrogenated tail oil are preheated to 350 DEG C, enter the continuous reactor through the crude oil conveying line, propane enters the continuous reactor through the gas conveying line, polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene enter the reactor through the middle part of the reactor feeder, catalyst PtSn / Al2O3 enters the continuous reactor through the catalyst conveying line, is mixed with the gas feedstock propane through the bottom of the reactor, and then enters the reactor to be mixed with the catalyst, and the multi-feedstock synergistic catalytic cracking reaction is carried out at 500 DEG C, 0.1 Mpa for 0.1 s, then the reaction product is conveyed to the separator for separation, one-stage condensation is carried out at 0-20 DEG C, two-stage condensation is carried out at-10-0 DEG C, and the target product is collected.

[0046] The mass ratio of residue oil, hydrogenated tail oil, propane, catalyst PtSn / Al2O3, polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene is 1:1:0.02:0.1:0.3:0.3:0.3.

[0047] It should be noted that the solid feedstock ethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate lignin and cellulose in the above examples need to be pretreated, that is, the solid feedstock is crushed and dried to a particle size of 0.5-3 mm, and the water content is less than 5%

[0048] Although the embodiments of the application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and purposes of the application, and the scope of the application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A continuous reaction apparatus for the lightening of heavy raw materials, characterized in that, The continuous reactor, the separator, the gas conveying line, the solid conveying line and the crude oil conveying line are included, the gas conveying line and the crude oil conveying line are connected with the bottom end of the continuous reactor respectively, the solid conveying line is connected with the middle end of the continuous reactor, and the output end of the continuous reactor is connected with the separator.

2. The continuous reaction apparatus for lightening heavy feedstock according to claim 1, characterized by, A block is arranged at the bottom end inlet of the continuous reactor, and a through hole is arranged on the block.

3. The continuous reaction apparatus for lightening heavy feedstock according to claim 2, characterized by, The aperture of the through hole is 0.3mm.

4. The continuous reaction apparatus for lightening heavy feedstock according to claim 1, characterized by A catalyst conveying line is further included, and the catalyst conveying line is connected to the continuous reactor.

5. The continuous reaction apparatus for lightening heavy feedstock according to claim 1, wherein A crude oil heating furnace is arranged on the crude oil conveying line.

6. The continuous reaction apparatus for lightening heavy feedstock according to claim 1, wherein The separator is composed of two condensing pipes.

7. A method for continuous reaction of lightening of heavy feedstock, characterized by, The heavy feedstock lightening continuous reaction device is prepared according to any one of claims 1-7, and the preparation is as follows: After preheating, the crude oil enters the continuous reactor through the crude oil conveying line, the low-carbon alkane enters the continuous reactor through the gas conveying line, the solid feedstock enters the continuous reactor through the solid conveying line, the catalyst enters the continuous reactor through the catalyst conveying line, and then the reaction product is transported to the separator for separation, and the target product is obtained. The solid feedstock is at least one of waste plastics and biomass.

8. The method of continuous reaction for lightening heavy feedstock according to claim 7, characterized by, The crude oil is one or more of naphtha, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, wax oil, residual oil, hydrogenated tail oil, reforming oil and heavy oil; the waste plastics are one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate; the biomass is at least one of lignin and cellulose; and the catalyst is one or more of Fe modified small crystal ZSM-5, nano HZSM-5, flaky HZSM-5, Cr2O3 / Al2O3, PtSn / Al2O3, PtFe@S-1 and PtCu@S-1 catalysts.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the continuous reaction for lightening heavy feedstock is characterized by, The preheating temperature is 200-500℃, and the separation is performed by the separator, one-stage condensation is 0-20℃, and two-stage condensation is-10-0℃.

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