Metasurface antenna for realizing complete polarization and all-phase modulation

Abstract

The invention discloses a metasurface antenna for realizing complete polarization and all-phase modulation, which belongs to the technical field of electromagnetics, and comprises at least one metasurface unit, the metasurface unit comprises a metasurface layer, a dielectric substrate, a metal grounding layer and a metal via hole, the metasurface layer comprises a circular metal patch and a pair of arc-shaped openings which are symmetrical about the center of the patch, a metal via hole penetrates through the dielectric substrate and serves as a rotating center shaft of the metasurface layer, and continuous regulation and control of electromagnetic wave polarization components are achieved by rotating azimuth angles of the arc-shaped openings; and the whole metasurface layer is rotated around the metal through holes, so that global regulation and control of the radiation electromagnetic wave phase are realized. Full-polarization continuous regulation and control and all-phase global coverage are achieved, the system integration degree is greatly improved through ultra-low profile integration, and the large-scale application potential is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates primarily to the field of electromagnetics, specifically to a metasurface antenna that achieves full polarization and full-phase modulation. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, metamaterials, as artificial electromagnetic structures, can be designed to control electromagnetic responses, thereby enabling the manipulation of electromagnetic waves. Among them, metasurfaces, as two-dimensional artificial electromagnetic structures, have achieved electromagnetic wave manipulation through the optimized design of unit arrangement. To date, metasurfaces have achieved many engineering applications, and the manipulation of electromagnetic wave amplitude, phase, and polarization in metasurface design has broad application prospects. However, existing technologies still have significant limitations: (1) High profile problem: both transmissive and reflective metasurfaces require external feed sources, resulting in generally high profile heights, which are difficult to meet the needs of low profile scenarios; (2) Functional singularity: traditional solutions can only achieve single phase or polarization control, which cannot meet the needs of continuous reconfigurable applications; (3) System complexity: the metamaterial unit design is relatively complex and has a high profile, which to some extent hinders its integration with the system and increases manufacturing costs.

[0003] Therefore, achieving simultaneous full polarization and full phase electromagnetic control at low profiles remains a critical technological bottleneck that urgently needs to be overcome in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention addresses the problem that existing technical solutions are too simplistic, and provides a solution that is significantly different from existing technologies. It mainly provides a metasurface antenna that achieves full polarization and full phase modulation, thereby solving the technical problems mentioned in the background.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A metasurface antenna for achieving full polarization and full phase modulation includes at least one metasurface element, the metasurface element comprising: The metasurface layer comprises a circular metal patch and a pair of arc-shaped openings symmetrical about the center of the patch; A dielectric substrate is used to support the metasurface layer and modulate its electromagnetic properties. A metallic grounding layer provides mechanical support and electromagnetic reflection properties for the metasurface layer; A metal via penetrates the dielectric substrate and serves as the rotation center axis of the metasurface layer, and connects the metasurface layer to the excitation source in the metal ground layer. Specifically, by rotating the azimuth angle of the arc-shaped opening, the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave can be continuously controlled; by rotating the entire metasurface layer around the metal via, the phase of the radiated electromagnetic wave can be controlled in the entire domain.

[0006] Preferably, the electromagnetic polarization component control is achieved by adjusting the angle α between the arc-shaped opening and the vertical centerline of the dielectric substrate; when α changes linearly within the range of -45° to +45°, the proportion of the left-hand circular polarization component decreases from 0.95 to 0.16, and the proportion of the right-hand circular polarization component increases from 0.16 to 0.95, realizing a continuous switching from left-hand circular polarization through elliptical polarization to right-hand circular polarization; when α changes linearly in the opposite direction from +45° to -45°, the above polarization components change in the opposite direction, that is, realizing a continuous switching from right-hand circular polarization through elliptical polarization to left-hand circular polarization.

[0007] Preferably, the phase modulation range of the radiated electromagnetic wave is 0 to 2π.

[0008] Preferably, the diameter of the circular metal patch is in the range of 0.3 to 0.5 working wavelengths, the width of the arc-shaped opening is in the range of 0.02 to 0.05 working wavelengths, and the depth is in the range of 0.02 to 0.05 working wavelengths.

[0009] Preferably, the dielectric substrate is made of F4B, with a dielectric constant of 2.65, a loss tangent of 0.001, and a size of 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.03 times the operating wavelength; in particular, the dielectric substrate may be made of F4B or other materials.

[0010] Preferably, the diameter of the metal via ranges from 0.003 to 0.015 times the working wavelength, and the length is 0.03 times the working wavelength.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention achieves electromagnetic polarization component control by changing the position of a pair of openings in the metasurface layer that are symmetrical about the metasurface center. It seamlessly covers the full range of states from left-hand circular polarization to elliptical polarization to right-hand circular polarization, breaking through the limitation of single control in traditional schemes and realizing continuous control of full polarization.

[0012] (2) Based on the mechanism of rotating the metasurface layer around the axis, the present invention achieves high linearity continuous control of the radiation phase in the range of 0-2π.

[0013] (3) The present invention compresses the system profile by using a via-feed structure, completely eliminating the need for external feed source and greatly improving the system integration.

[0014] (4) The unit structure of the present invention supports independent control and periodic array expansion, and the structure is flexible and versatile, making it easy to achieve mass production applications.

[0015] The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a metasurface antenna.

[0017] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of antenna radiation left-hand circular polarization component control Figure 3 Schematic diagram of right-hand circular polarization component control for antenna radiation Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of antenna radiation phase modulation. Attached image description: 1. Metasurface layer; 2. Dielectric substrate; 3. Metal via; 4. Metal ground layer. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more comprehensive description of the present invention will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in the text. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and complete.

[0020] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly associated with those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0022] Example 1: Please refer carefully to the attached diagram. Figure 1 A metasurface antenna that achieves full polarization and full phase modulation includes at least one metasurface element. The antenna can be periodically expanded, has a flexible and versatile structure, and is easy to mass-produce for applications.

[0023] The metasurface unit includes a metasurface layer 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a metal ground layer 3, and a metal via 4. Specifically: the metasurface layer 1 achieves polarization and phase control by adjusting its structural dimensions and rotation method, thereby radiating electromagnetic waves with different polarization components and phases; the metal via 3 electrically connects the metasurface layer 1 to an excitation source disposed in the metal ground layer 4, providing electromagnetic radiation energy for the antenna; the dielectric substrate 2 and the metal ground layer 4 provide mechanical support for the metasurface layer 1 and control its electromagnetic characteristics.

[0024] Example 2: Based on Embodiment 1, please refer carefully to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-3 The metasurface layer 1 includes a circular metal patch and a pair of arc-shaped openings symmetrical about the center of the patch. The diameter of the circular metal patch ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 operating wavelengths, the width of the arc-shaped openings ranges from 0.02 to 0.05 operating wavelengths, and the depth ranges from 0.0002 to 0.0010 operating wavelengths. Radiation polarization control is achieved by rotating the position of the symmetrical openings of the metasurface layer.

[0025] The angle between the arc-shaped opening and the perpendicular centerline of the dielectric substrate is α. When α increases linearly in the range of -45° to +45°, the left-hand circular polarization component gradually decreases (from 0.95 to 0.16), while the right-hand circular polarization component gradually increases (from 0.16 to 0.95). Specifically, when the value of the left-hand circular polarization component is greater than 0.9, the antenna radiates left-hand circular polarized electromagnetic waves; when the value of the right-hand circular polarization component is greater than 0.9, the antenna radiates right-hand circular polarized electromagnetic waves; when the value of the left-hand circular polarization component is 0.5, the antenna radiates linearly polarized electromagnetic waves; in other states, the antenna radiates elliptical polarized waves.

[0026] When α changes linearly in the opposite direction from +45° to -45°, the polarization components change in the opposite direction, thus achieving a continuous switching from right-hand circular polarization through elliptic polarization to left-hand circular polarization.

[0027] Example 3: Based on Example 2, please refer carefully to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-3 The metal via 3 penetrates the dielectric substrate 2 and serves as the rotation center axis of the metasurface layer 1. It also connects the excitation source in the metal ground layer 3 to the metasurface layer 1. By rotating the entire metasurface layer 1 around the metal via 3, the phase of the radiated electromagnetic wave can be controlled in the whole domain. The phase control range of the radiated electromagnetic wave is 0 to 2π.

[0028] Example 4: Based on Embodiment 1, please refer carefully to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 The dielectric substrate 2 is used to support the metasurface layer 1 and regulate its electromagnetic properties. The dielectric substrate 2 is made of F4B with a dielectric constant of 2.65, a loss tangent of 0.001, and a size of 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.03 times the operating wavelength. In addition, the dielectric substrate 2 can also be made of other materials with equivalent electromagnetic parameters (including but not limited to F4B).

[0029] The metal grounding layer 4 provides mechanical support and electromagnetic reflection properties for the metasurface layer 1.

[0030] The present invention has been described by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-described manner. Any non-substantial improvement made by adopting the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention to other occasions without modification, shall be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A metasurface antenna that achieves full polarization and full phase modulation, characterized in that: It includes at least one metasurface unit, the metasurface unit comprising: The metasurface layer comprises a circular metal patch and a pair of arc-shaped openings symmetrical about the center of the patch; A dielectric substrate is used to support the metasurface layer and modulate its electromagnetic properties. A metallic grounding layer provides mechanical support and electromagnetic reflection properties for the metasurface layer; A metal via penetrates the dielectric substrate and serves as the rotation center axis of the metasurface layer, and connects the metasurface layer to the excitation source in the metal ground layer. Specifically, by rotating the azimuth angle of the arc-shaped opening, the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave can be continuously controlled; by rotating the entire metasurface layer around the metal via, the phase of the radiated electromagnetic wave can be controlled in the entire domain.

2. The metasurface antenna for achieving full polarization and full phase modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic polarization component control is achieved by adjusting the angle α between the arc-shaped opening and the vertical centerline of the dielectric substrate. When α changes linearly within the range of -45° to +45°, the proportion of the left-hand circular polarization component decreases from 0.95 to 0.16, while the proportion of the right-hand circular polarization component increases from 0.16 to 0.95, realizing a continuous switching from left-hand circular polarization through elliptical polarization to right-hand circular polarization. When α changes linearly in the opposite direction from +45° to -45°, the above polarization components change in the opposite direction, thus realizing a continuous switching from right-hand circular polarization through elliptical polarization to left-hand circular polarization.

3. The metasurface antenna for achieving full polarization and full phase modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase modulation range of the radiated electromagnetic wave is 0 to 2π.

4. The metasurface antenna for achieving full polarization and full phase modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the circular metal patch ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 working wavelengths, the width of the arc-shaped opening ranges from 0.02 to 0.05 working wavelengths, and the depth ranges from 0.02 to 0.05 working wavelengths.

5. A metasurface antenna for achieving full polarization and full phase modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric substrate is made of F4B, with a dielectric constant of 2.65, a loss tangent of 0.001, and a size of 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.03 times the operating wavelength; in particular, the dielectric substrate material includes, but is not limited to, F4B.

6. A metasurface antenna for achieving full polarization and full phase modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the metal via ranges from 0.003 to 0.015 times the working wavelength, and the length is 0.03 times the working wavelength.

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