Dynamic impact energy testing machine and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic impact energy testing machine and a using method, and relates to the technical field of supporting component testing, the dynamic impact energy testing machine comprises a machine body, a drop hammer lifting mechanism and a drop hammer automatic falling mechanism, the drop hammer lifting mechanism and the drop hammer automatic falling mechanism are both arranged in the machine body, the automatic drop hammer falling mechanism is connected with the drop hammer lifting mechanism and composed of an upper workbench, a lower workbench and an electromagnet, and the lower workbench is in electromagnetic connection with the upper workbench through the electromagnet. According to the invention, the function of accurate and controllable impact kinetic energy is realized by installing the drop hammer automatic dropping mechanism, the problems of friction, clamping stagnation and the like are avoided by adopting the electromagnet dropping mechanism and electromagnetic release, no delay is generated at the moment of release, and the constancy of the initial impact speed and the test repeatability are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field, specifically to a dynamic impact energy testing machine and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] As global mineral resource mining develops towards deeper levels, deep well mining at depths of over 1,000 meters has become the norm. The high ground stress environment at depths can easily trigger dynamic disasters such as rock bursts and rock bursts, which manifest as the instantaneous release of elastic energy accumulated in coal and rock masses, causing devastating damage to traditional anchor bolt support systems. Developing new types of anchor bolts with high energy absorption characteristics has become an urgent need for the industry.

[0003] However, there is currently a lack of dedicated testing equipment that can effectively simulate such instantaneous, high-energy impact processes. Traditional static load tests or simple drop hammer tests cannot accurately quantify the energy absorption value of anchor bolts during dynamic impact processes, resulting in a lack of reliable data support for product development and performance verification.

[0004] Patent document CN113834593B discloses a shock wave energy density testing device and method. The above patent realizes automated data acquisition and analysis, uses a detection mechanism to obtain the movement distance D of the mass block on the support, and sends the effective movement distance D to the calculation module to calculate the shock wave energy density borne by the mass block. This avoids the errors that may be caused by manual visual inspection and calculation, and further improves the accuracy of the test results.

[0005] The aforementioned patent, by sliding a mass block onto a support, allows the mass block to move along the length of the support under the impact of the driver. It can accurately predict and calculate the friction generated when the mass block moves on the support, thus preventing unpredictable friction and collisions during the movement of the mass block, thereby reducing possible errors during the test and improving the accuracy of the test results. However, it cannot precisely control the impact energy of the test.

[0006] Therefore, this application proposes a dynamic impact energy testing machine and its usage method that can precisely control impact energy. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dynamic impact energy testing machine and its usage method to solve the technical problem mentioned in the background art of the inability to accurately quantify impact energy.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a dynamic impact energy testing machine, comprising a machine body, a drop hammer lifting mechanism and a drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism, wherein the drop hammer lifting mechanism and the drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism are both disposed inside the machine body, and the drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism is connected to the drop hammer lifting mechanism;

[0009] The automatic dropping mechanism of the falling hammer consists of an upper worktable, a lower worktable, and an electromagnet;

[0010] Both the upper and lower worktables are located inside the machine body. The upper worktable is located above the lower worktable. The electromagnet is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the lower worktable and is located between the upper and lower worktables. The lower worktable is electromagnetically connected to the upper worktable through the electromagnet. A standard weight carrier plate is provided inside the lower worktable. The weight of the lower worktable can be changed by adding or removing weights on the weight carrier plate.

[0011] Preferably, the machine body consists of four frame columns, an upper fixed plate, a lower fixed plate, and a corridor. The frame columns, upper fixed plate, and lower fixed plate together form a portal frame structure of the machine body. The lower fixed plate is fixedly installed on the ground. Four vertically arranged frame columns are fixedly installed on the upper surface of the lower fixed plate. The end of the frame column away from the lower fixed plate is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the upper fixed plate. The upper surface of the lower fixed plate is also provided with a base for installing anchor rods. A personnel platform is horizontally arranged inside the machine body between the upper fixed plate and the upper worktable. The corridor is located diagonally behind the frame columns and is connected to the ground and the personnel platform by a spiral step set inside the corridor. A protective net is set around the corridor.

[0012] Preferably, the drop hammer lifting mechanism consists of a winch, a pulley block, and a wire rope. The winch is fixedly installed on the ground next to the machine body, and a servo motor is installed inside the winch. The pulley block is fixedly installed at the bottom of the upper fixed plate of the machine body. One end of the wire rope is connected to the winch, and the other end of the wire rope passes through the pulley block, passes through the manned platform, and is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the upper worktable of the automatic drop hammer mechanism through a universal joint.

[0013] Preferably, the frame column of the machine body is made of high-strength alloy steel, the impact surface of the lower worktable of the automatic falling hammer mechanism is inlaid with a high-hardness wear-resistant alloy block, and the electromagnet is made of soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability and low remanence.

[0014] Preferably, an intelligent control box is installed on the ground outside the machine body. The intelligent control box contains a PLC control unit. The intelligent control box is electrically connected to the servo motor of the winch and the electromagnet of the automatic dropping mechanism of the drop hammer through a power cord. The outer surface of the intelligent control box is equipped with a display screen and function buttons, which are connected to the PLC control unit via signals.

[0015] Preferably, a non-contact laser rangefinder is provided on the bottom of the lower worktable of the automatic drop hammer mechanism, and the non-contact laser rangefinder is connected to the PLC control unit of the intelligent control box.

[0016] Preferably, the PLC control unit of the intelligent control box automatically calculates the dynamic impact energy E, and calculates the downward potential energy of the lower worktable equal to the impact kinetic energy based on the principle of free fall and the law of conservation of energy. The formula for calculating the dynamic impact energy E is: Where m is the mass of the lower worktable, g is the gravitational acceleration, h1 is the distance between the lower worktable base plate and the base foundation plane preset before the impact begins, and h2 is the distance between the lower worktable base plate and the base foundation plane after the impact is completed.

[0017] Preferably, the method of use includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Preparations for the test;

[0019] S2. Use the drop hammer lifting mechanism to raise the automatic drop hammer mechanism to the predetermined impact height h1, and record the height h1.

[0020] S3. The electromagnet controlling the automatic dropping mechanism of the falling hammer releases the falling hammer, allowing it to fall freely and impact the anchor bolt specimen.

[0021] S4. After the impact is completed, measure and record the distance h2 between the bottom plate of the workbench and the base plane of the base.

[0022] S5. Using the formula Calculate the dynamic impact energy absorbed by the anchor bolt.

[0023] Preferably, S1 specifically comprises:

[0024] S11. Preset the test parameters on the display screen of the intelligent control box;

[0025] S12. Install anchor bolt specimens on the base of the lower fixed plate;

[0026] S13. According to the test requirements, configure the corresponding mass weights on the weight carrier plate of the lower workbench.

[0027] Preferably, after step S5 is completed, the lower workbench is reset and the previous impact test steps are repeated to test the performance degradation of the anchor bolt under cumulative impact.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] 1. This invention achieves precise and controllable impact kinetic energy by installing an automatic drop hammer mechanism. The electromagnet drop mechanism avoids problems such as friction and jamming by electromagnetic release, and the release is instantaneous without delay, ensuring the constant initial impact velocity and the repeatability of the test.

[0030] 2. This invention, by installing an upper worktable and a lower worktable, realizes the function of flexibly changing the impact potential energy. The mass of the lower worktable is adjustable, and the impact height is adjustable, which can adapt to the testing needs of anchor bolts of different specifications and performance levels, and has a wide range of applications.

[0031] 3. This invention achieves the function of simulating real working conditions through the installed frame columns and fixing plates. It has good overall rigidity and can withstand huge impact loads without deformation, ensuring the stability of the test foundation and making the test results closer to the real working state of the component, thus having higher engineering reference value.

[0032] 4. This invention achieves the function of directly calculating energy based on the principles of free fall and energy conservation. The impact energy can be directly and accurately calculated by measuring a simple height difference, and the test results can be obtained quickly. The method is scientific and reliable. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a front view of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent control box structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the testing process of the present invention.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Machine body; 2. Drop hammer lifting mechanism; 3. Automatic drop hammer detachment mechanism; 4. Frame column; 5. Upper fixed plate; 6. Lower fixed plate; 7. Corridor; 8. Winch; 9. Pulley block; 10. Wire rope; 11. Upper worktable; 12. Lower worktable; 13. Electromagnet; 14. Weight support plate; 15. Personnel platform; 16. Intelligent control box; 17. Display screen; 18. Function buttons. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "both ends," "one end," and "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 A dynamic impact energy testing machine includes a body 1, a drop hammer lifting mechanism 2, and a drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3. Both the drop hammer lifting mechanism 2 and the drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3 are located inside the body 1. The drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3 is connected to the drop hammer lifting mechanism 2. The drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3 consists of an upper worktable 11, a lower worktable 12, and an electromagnet 13. Both the upper worktable 11 and the lower worktable 12 are located inside the body 1. The upper worktable 11 is located above the lower worktable 12. The electromagnet 13 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the lower worktable 12 and is located between the upper worktable 11 and the lower worktable 12. The lower worktable 12 is electromagnetically connected to the upper worktable 11 via the electromagnet 13. A standard weight carrier plate 14 is provided inside the lower worktable 12. The weight of the lower worktable 12 is changed by adding or removing weights on the weight carrier plate 14.

[0043] The machine body 1 consists of four frame columns 4, an upper fixed plate 5, a lower fixed plate 6, and a corridor 7. The frame columns 4, the upper fixed plate 5, and the lower fixed plate 6 together form the portal frame structure of the machine body 1. The lower fixed plate 6 is fixedly installed on the ground. Four vertically arranged frame columns 4 are fixedly installed on the upper surface of the lower fixed plate 6. The end of the frame column 4 away from the lower fixed plate 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the upper fixed plate 5. The upper surface of the lower fixed plate 6 is also provided with a base for installing anchor rods. A personnel platform 15 is horizontally arranged inside the machine body 1 between the upper fixed plate 5 and the upper worktable 11. The corridor 7 is located diagonally behind the frame columns 4 and is connected to the ground and the personnel platform 15 by a spiral step set inside the corridor 7. A protective net is set around the corridor 7.

[0044] The drop hammer lifting mechanism 2 consists of a winch 8, a pulley block 9, and a wire rope 10. The winch 8 is fixedly installed on the ground next to the machine body 1. A servo motor is installed inside the winch 8. The pulley block 9 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the upper fixed plate 5 of the machine body 1. One end of the wire rope 10 is connected to the winch 8, and the other end of the wire rope 10 passes through the pulley block 9 and passes through the manned platform 15 and is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the upper worktable 11 of the automatic drop hammer mechanism 3 through a universal joint.

[0045] An intelligent control box 16 is installed on the ground outside the machine body 1. A PLC control unit is installed inside the intelligent control box 16. The intelligent control box 16 is electrically connected to the servo motor of the winch 8 and the electromagnet 13 of the automatic dropping mechanism 3 of the drop hammer through a power line. A display screen 17 and function buttons 18 are installed on the outer surface of the intelligent control box 16. The display screen 17 and function buttons 18 are connected to the PLC control unit by signal.

[0046] A non-contact laser rangefinder is provided on the bottom of the lower worktable 12 of the automatic falling hammer mechanism 3. The non-contact laser rangefinder is connected to the PLC control unit of the intelligent control box 16.

[0047] Furthermore, this embodiment describes in detail the overall structure of the dynamic impact energy testing machine. The machine body 1 is composed of four vertically erected high-strength alloy steel frame columns 4. These four frame columns 4 serve as the main load-bearing components, and their bottoms are firmly connected to the lower fixed plate 6 by large bolts. The lower fixed plate 6 is fixed to the ground by anchor bolts, ensuring the absolute stability of the entire equipment when subjected to huge impact forces. The top of the frame columns 4 is connected to the upper fixed plate 5, thus forming a stable portal bearing structure. A dedicated base is provided at the center of the upper surface of the lower fixed plate 6 for installing and fixing the anchor bolt specimen to be tested. For ease of operation and maintenance, a corridor 7 with a protective net is provided on one side of the machine body 1. The corridor 7 has spiral steps inside, connecting the ground to a manned platform 15 set inside the machine body 1. The corridor 7 provides a safe and convenient working space for operators to inspect the equipment and adjust the drop hammer, etc.

[0048] The drop hammer lifting mechanism 2 of the testing machine is responsible for accurately lifting the impact hammer to a predetermined height. The drop hammer lifting mechanism 2 includes a winch 8 installed on the ground. The winch 8 has a built-in precision servo motor, which can achieve precise control of the lifting speed and height. A set of pulleys 9 is installed at the bottom of the upper fixed plate 5. One end of a high-strength steel wire rope 10 is wound around the drum of the winch 8, and the other end passes through the pulleys 9 and then passes vertically downward through the manned platform 15, and finally connects to the automatic drop hammer release mechanism 3 located inside the machine body 1.

[0049] The automatic drop hammer mechanism 3 is the key to achieving precise and repeatable impacts. The automatic drop hammer mechanism 3 consists of two parts: an upper worktable 11 and a lower worktable 12. The upper worktable 11 is directly fixedly connected to the end of the wire rope 10 and rises and falls with the winding and unwinding of the wire rope 10. The lower worktable 12 is the actual impact hammer, which is designed to have sufficient mass and rigidity. A disc electromagnet 13 is fixedly installed at the center of the upper surface of the lower worktable 12. When the electromagnet 13 is energized, it generates a strong magnetic attraction force, which firmly attracts the lower worktable 12 to the lower surface of the upper worktable 11, making the two a whole and lifted together by the winch 8. The lower worktable 12 is also designed with a standardized weight carrier plate 14 inside, which can place different numbers of standard weights according to the needs of the test, thereby flexibly changing the mass of the drop hammer to simulate different levels of impact energy.

[0050] An intelligent control box 16 is located on the ground next to the machine body 1. The intelligent control box 16 integrates a PLC control unit and is equipped with a touch screen display 17 and function buttons 18. The intelligent control box 16 is electrically connected to the servo motor of the winch 8 and the electromagnet 13 of the automatic drop hammer mechanism 3 through a power cord to realize automatic control of lifting, stopping and releasing actions. A high-precision non-contact laser rangefinder is integrated at the bottom of the lower worktable 12 to measure the distance between the drop hammer and the base in real time and transmit the data to the PLC control unit in real time. The entire test process is highly automated, which greatly reduces human error and ensures the accuracy and repeatability of test data.

[0051] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 A dynamic impact energy testing machine includes a body 1, a drop hammer lifting mechanism 2, and a drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3. The drop hammer lifting mechanism 2 consists of a winch 8, a pulley block 9, and a steel wire rope 10. The winch 8 is fixedly installed on the ground next to the body 1. A servo motor is installed inside the winch 8. The pulley block 9 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the upper fixed plate 5 of the body 1. One end of the steel wire rope 10 is connected to the winch 8, and the other end of the steel wire rope 10 passes through the pulley block 9 and passes through the manned platform 15 and is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the upper worktable 11 of the drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3 through a universal joint.

[0052] An intelligent control box 16 is installed on the ground outside the machine body 1. A PLC control unit is installed inside the intelligent control box 16. The intelligent control box 16 is electrically connected to the servo motor of the winch 8 and the electromagnet 13 of the automatic dropping mechanism 3 of the drop hammer through a power line. A display screen 17 and function buttons 18 are installed on the outer surface of the intelligent control box 16. The display screen 17 and function buttons 18 are connected to the PLC control unit by signal.

[0053] Furthermore, this embodiment focuses on the high-precision control of the drop hammer lifting mechanism 2 in the dynamic impact energy testing machine. The core driving component of the drop hammer lifting mechanism 2 is a high-performance winch 8. The winch 8 does not simply wind up the wire rope 10, but integrates a servo motor, a high-precision encoder, and a brake. The servo motor provides smooth start and stop and precise speed control, while the encoder provides real-time feedback on the rotation angle of the motor. Through calculation, the winding and unwinding length of the wire rope 10 can be accurately obtained, thereby indirectly controlling the lifting height of the drop hammer. The brake can immediately lock the shaft when the motor stops to prevent the drop hammer from sliding down due to its own weight, ensuring the accuracy of positioning. The winch 8 is independently installed on the ground next to the machine body 1. This separate design effectively avoids the vibration generated by the winch 8 during operation from being directly transmitted to the frame, affecting the stability of the measurement.

[0054] Power transmission is achieved through wire rope 10 and pulley block 9. The pulley block 9 consists of fixed pulleys and is fixed to the bottom of the upper fixed plate 5 by high-strength bolts. The wire rope 10 is made of special steel with high toughness and low elongation to withstand frequent bending and huge tensile loads. The wire rope 10 is led out from the winch 8, passes vertically upward around the pulley block 9 and then changes direction to vertically downward. Its end is fixedly connected to the top of the upper worktable 11 of the automatic drop hammer mechanism 3 through a universal joint. This pulley design not only changes the direction of force, but also allows the winch 8 to be operated on the ground and is easy to maintain.

[0055] Precise height control does not rely on indirect calculations from the encoder of winch 8, but instead employs an independent non-contact laser rangefinder. This laser rangefinder is installed at the bottom of the lower worktable 12, with its laser emitter pointing vertically downwards. When the drop hammer is raised, the laser rangefinder continuously emits a laser beam downwards and receives the signal reflected back from the top of the anchor bolt specimen. By calculating the time difference between the laser's round trip, the precise distance between the bottom surface of the lower worktable 12 and the reference surface is measured in real time. This direct measurement method avoids errors such as the elastic elongation of the wire rope 10 and pulley slippage, and the measurement accuracy is far higher than that of indirect calculations.

[0056] The entire lifting and positioning process is automated under the control of the intelligent control box 16. The operator only needs to input the target height value h1 on the display screen 17. The PLC control unit first drives the servo motor to slowly and smoothly lift the hammer. During this process, the PLC control unit simultaneously receives feedback from two sensors: one is the encoder signal built into the winch 8, which is used for coarse positioning and overload protection; the other is the real-time height data from the laser rangefinder. When the height value fed back by the laser rangefinder is close to the target height h1, the PLC controller will adjust the winch 8 to enter a low-speed fine-tuning mode until the height is accurately stabilized at h1. The precise reading of the laser rangefinder at this moment is recorded as the final h1 value, and the brake is immediately locked. This series of actions ensures that the initial height of the hammer is precisely calibrated before each impact, providing the primary guarantee for the accuracy of energy calculation. This high-precision control directly determines the accuracy of potential energy calculation.

[0057] Example 3: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3A dynamic impact energy testing machine includes a body 1, a drop hammer lifting mechanism 2, and a drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3. Both the drop hammer lifting mechanism 2 and the drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3 are located inside the body 1. The drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3 is connected to the drop hammer lifting mechanism 2. The drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3 consists of an upper worktable 11, a lower worktable 12, and an electromagnet 13. Both the upper worktable 11 and the lower worktable 12 are located inside the body 1. The upper worktable 11 is located above the lower worktable 12. The electromagnet 13 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the lower worktable 12 and is located between the upper worktable 11 and the lower worktable 12. The lower worktable 12 is electromagnetically connected to the upper worktable 11 via the electromagnet 13. A standard weight carrier plate 14 is provided inside the lower worktable 12. The weight of the lower worktable 12 is changed by adding or removing weights on the weight carrier plate 14.

[0058] The impact surface of the lower worktable 12 of the automatic falling hammer mechanism 3 is inlaid with a high-hardness wear-resistant alloy block, and the electromagnet 13 is made of a soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability and low remanence.

[0059] Furthermore, this embodiment focuses on the electromagnetically controlled automatic drop hammer mechanism 3 of the dynamic impact energy testing machine. The automatic drop hammer mechanism 3 consists of three core components: an upper worktable 11, a lower worktable 12, and an electromagnet 13. The upper surface of the upper worktable 11 is connected to the end of the steel wire rope 10 of the drop hammer lifting mechanism 2 through a universal joint. The design of the universal joint can prevent the entire upper worktable 11 from rotating due to slight twisting of the steel wire rope 10. The lower surface of the upper worktable 11 is a finely machined flat plane, and its material has magnetic conductivity and high strength characteristics.

[0060] The lower worktable 12 is the core component for performing impact tasks, namely the drop hammer body. It is made of high-density metal to obtain a greater mass within a given volume. The lower surface of the lower worktable 12, i.e. the impact surface, is inlaid with a high-hardness wear-resistant alloy steel block. The wear-resistant alloy block can effectively prevent plastic deformation or wear under violent impact, keep the impact surface flat, ensure that the impact force is evenly transmitted to the specimen, and extend the service life of the lower worktable 12. The weight bearing plate 14 designed inside the lower worktable 12 can change the total mass of the drop hammer by adding or removing standard weights. The upper surface of the lower worktable 12 is also a precision-machined plane, and a disc electromagnet 13 is welded and fixed at its center.

[0061] The electromagnet 13 directly determines the reliability of the release. The electromagnet 13 uses a soft magnetic material with high permeability and low remanence as the core. The high permeability ensures that a strong attraction force can be generated with a small current when energized, so as to reliably hold the heavy lower worktable 12. The low remanence characteristic makes the remaining magnetism of the core decay rapidly to almost zero after the power is cut off, thereby avoiding the lower worktable 12 from not being able to detach from the upper worktable 11 instantly and completely due to the viscous effect, ensuring a clean and crisp release. The coil of the electromagnet 13 is wound with high temperature resistant enameled wire and has a good insulation and heat dissipation structure to adapt to the working mode of frequent power on and off.

[0062] During assembly, the iron core end face of electromagnet 13 is precisely fitted with the lower surface of upper worktable 11. When the intelligent control box 16 powers on electromagnet 13, the generated strong magnetic field firmly binds upper worktable 11 and lower worktable 12 into a whole. This whole has sufficient structural stability during lifting and positioning. When the drop hammer needs to be released, the PLC in the intelligent control box 16 will issue a command to instantly cut off the power supply to electromagnet 13, release the attraction force, and the lower worktable 12 will separate from the upper worktable 11 without hindrance under the action of gravity and begin its free fall motion. This achieves the instantaneous, consistent and reliable release of the drop hammer, solving the problems of friction, jamming and delayed release in traditional mechanical release devices. This ensures that the initial velocity of each impact is an ideal zero initial velocity free fall, ensuring the repeatability and comparability of test results.

[0063] Example 4: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 A dynamic impact energy testing machine includes a body 1, a drop hammer lifting mechanism 2, and a drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3. An intelligent control box 16 is installed on the ground outside the body 1. A PLC control unit is installed inside the intelligent control box 16. The intelligent control box 16 is electrically connected to the servo motor of the winch 8 and the electromagnet 13 of the drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3 through a power line. A display screen 17 and function buttons 18 are installed on the outer surface of the intelligent control box 16. The display screen 17 and function buttons 18 are connected to the PLC control unit via signals.

[0064] A non-contact laser rangefinder is provided on the bottom of the lower worktable 12 of the automatic falling hammer mechanism 3. The non-contact laser rangefinder is connected to the PLC control unit of the intelligent control box 16.

[0065] The PLC control unit of the intelligent control box 16 automatically calculates the dynamic impact energy E. Based on the principle of free fall and the law of conservation of energy, it calculates the downward potential energy of the lower worktable 12, which is equal to the impact kinetic energy. The formula for calculating the dynamic impact energy E is: ;

[0066] Furthermore, this embodiment describes in detail the intelligent control box 16 and automatic data processing unit of the dynamic impact energy testing machine. The intelligent control box 16 is placed on the ground next to the machine body 1, which is convenient for operation and far away from the impact area. The surface of the intelligent control box 16 is provided with a high-resolution color touch screen 17 and physical function buttons 18. The screen 17 serves as the main human-machine interface for parameter setting, status monitoring, data display and curve plotting. The PLC control unit installed in the intelligent control box 16 has high reliability and strong industrial communication capabilities.

[0067] The PLC control unit's digital output points control two key actuators: one is the servo motor inside the winch 8, which is controlled by pulse signals to start, stop, speed, and direction, thereby achieving precise lifting and lowering of the hammer; the other is the electromagnet 13 of the automatic hammer release mechanism 3, which is controlled by a relay module to open and close the current circuit of the electromagnet 13, thereby releasing the hammer. The PLC control unit is connected to a high-precision laser rangefinder installed at the bottom of the lower worktable 12 via a communication interface to measure the hammer height in real time. The PLC control unit continuously reads and records the data from the laser rangefinder.

[0068] After acquiring h1 and h2, the data processing program embedded in the PLC control unit automatically calculates the impact energy according to the law of conservation of energy and the principle of free fall. The calculation formula is as follows: The calculation process is completed within milliseconds, and the calculation results are immediately displayed on the display screen 17. At the same time, along with parameters such as test time, drop hammer mass, and impact height, they are stored in the controller's non-volatile memory or an external USB flash drive for easy export and analysis. The intelligent control box 16 integrates mechanical motion, sensor measurement, and energy calculation into a seamless automated process, minimizing manual intervention and improving test efficiency and result accuracy.

[0069] In addition, the intelligent control box 16 can be expanded with more functions, such as automatically generating test reports, plotting force-displacement curves, setting test cycles for multiple consecutive impacts, and uploading data to a central database via the network. This not only frees operators from tedious manual measurement and calculation, but also eliminates human observation and calculation errors through precise electronic control and data processing, ensuring that every test strictly follows the same standards and guaranteeing the objectivity, accuracy, and efficiency of the test data.

[0070] Example 5: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5A dynamic impact energy testing machine includes a body 1, a drop hammer lifting mechanism 2, and a drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3. The method of use includes the following steps: S1, preparing for the test; S2, using the drop hammer lifting mechanism 2 to raise the drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3 to a predetermined impact height h1, and recording the height h1; S3, controlling the electromagnet 13 of the drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism 3 to release the drop hammer, allowing the drop hammer to fall freely and impact the anchor bolt specimen; S4, after the impact is completed, measuring and recording the distance h2 between the bottom plate of the workbench 12 and the base foundation plane; S5, calculating the dynamic impact energy absorbed by the anchor bolt using a formula.

[0071] S1 specifically includes: S11, preset test parameters on the display screen 17 on the intelligent control box 16; S12, install anchor rod specimens on the base of the lower fixed plate 6; S13, configure corresponding mass weights on the weight carrier plate 14 of the lower workbench 12 according to the test requirements.

[0072] After S5 is completed, the lower worktable 12 is reset and the previous impact test steps are repeated to test the performance degradation of the anchor bolt under cumulative impact.

[0073] Furthermore, this embodiment provides a complete and operable dynamic impact energy testing method based on the aforementioned testing machine. The method describes in detail the entire process from preparation to final data acquisition, ensuring the safety of the test and the scientific validity of the data.

[0074] Before the test begins, the operator first wakes up the device on the touch screen 17 of the intelligent control box 16 and performs a self-check. In the test parameter setting interface, the operator inputs the basic test parameters, including but not limited to: the preset impact height h1 of the drop hammer, the configuration mass m of the drop hammer, and the test specimen number information. After the parameters are set, the specimen is installed. The anchor bolt specimen to be tested is installed and fixed on the base of the lower fixing plate 6 according to its actual working conditions, ensuring that the installation is firm and the alignment is good, simulating its actual stress state in the tunnel. Then, the drop hammer mass is configured. According to the preset mass m, the operator places the corresponding number of standard weights securely into the weight carrier plate 14.

[0075] After preparation, start the automatic test process: Press the "Start" function button 18, and the intelligent control box 16 will start the winch 8. Through the precise control of the servo motor, the upper worktable 11 and the lower worktable 12 that are attracted together will be smoothly lifted to the set target height h1. During this process, the laser rangefinder installed at the bottom of the lower worktable 12 will work continuously. The PLC control unit will receive and record the height data in real time and control the winch 8 to brake and lock.

[0076] After the operator confirms that the data displayed on the display screen 17 is correct, he presses the "Release Hammer" function button 18. The PLC control unit instantly cuts off the power supply to the electromagnet 13, and the magnetic force disappears immediately. The lower worktable 12 completely separates from the upper worktable 11 under the action of gravity and begins to fall freely. This process has no mechanical delay, ensuring that the initial impact velocity is zero. It strictly follows the physical model of free fall, and the hammer falls vertically without obstruction, violently impacting the anchor rod specimen installed on the base with its huge kinetic energy.

[0077] After the test specimen is impacted by the lower worktable 12, it may rebound due to the specimen's elasticity, or it may displace along with the specimen and eventually come to rest. During this period, the laser rangefinder continues to work, and the PLC control unit continues to record height changes. After the impact process is completely stable, the distance h2 between the bottom plate of the worktable 12 and the base plane is automatically recorded. After obtaining h1 and h2, the algorithm built into the PLC control unit, based on the pre-stored mass m of the falling hammer and the acceleration due to gravity g, calculates the distance according to the formula... The dynamic impact energy value E absorbed by the anchor bolt specimen in this impact is automatically calculated. This result, along with all relevant test parameters, will be clearly displayed on the screen and automatically saved.

[0078] To study the performance degradation of anchor bolts under repeated impacts, this method also includes a repeated testing step: after one impact test is completed, the operator can press the "reset" function button 18, the winch 8 will restart, the upper worktable 11 will be lowered and reconnected to the lower worktable 12 via the energized electromagnet 13, and then raised to prepare for the next impact. Subsequent tests can repeat the previous steps, but after each impact, the system will calculate and record the energy absorbed by the anchor bolt in that impact. By comparing and analyzing the changes in energy absorption values ​​from multiple impacts and observing the macroscopic damage to the anchor bolt, the fatigue resistance and overall energy absorption capacity of the anchor bolt can be comprehensively evaluated, providing crucial experimental data support for the support design of deep high-pressure roadways.

[0079] Working principle: First, the anchor bolt specimen is installed on the base of the lower fixed plate 6. The mass of the falling hammer is set by adding or removing weights in the weight bearing plate 14 of the lower worktable 12. The winch 8 is started and the upper worktable 11 and the lower worktable 12, which are electromagnetically attracted together, are synchronously lifted to the preset height h1 through the wire rope 10 and pulley group 9. The laser rangefinder accurately measures the initial height and the PLC control unit records and saves it. When an impact is required, the intelligent control box 16 instantly cuts off the power to the electromagnet 13. The magnetic force disappears and the lower worktable 12 and the upper worktable 11 are separated instantly. The lower worktable 12 falls freely under the action of gravity, falls vertically and violently impacts the anchor bolt specimen. After the impact, the final height h2 of the worktable 12 is measured and recorded again. Finally, the dynamic impact energy absorbed by the anchor bolt is automatically calculated according to the law of conservation of energy, thereby realizing a precise quantitative evaluation of the impact resistance performance of the anchor bolt.

[0080] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A dynamic impact energy testing machine, characterized in that: It includes a body (1), a drop hammer lifting mechanism (2) and a drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism (3). The drop hammer lifting mechanism (2) and the drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism (3) are both located inside the body (1). The drop hammer automatic detachment mechanism (3) is connected to the drop hammer lifting mechanism (2). The automatic dropping mechanism (3) consists of an upper worktable (11), a lower worktable (12), and an electromagnet (13); The upper worktable (11) and the lower worktable (12) are both located inside the machine body (1). The upper worktable (11) is located above the lower worktable (12). The electromagnet (13) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the lower worktable (12). The electromagnet (13) is located between the upper worktable (11) and the lower worktable (12). The lower worktable (12) is electromagnetically connected to the upper worktable (11) through the electromagnet (13). The lower worktable (12) has a standard weight carrier plate (14) inside. The weight of the lower worktable (12) can be changed by adding or removing weights on the weight carrier plate (14).

2. The dynamic impact energy testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine body (1) consists of four frame columns (4), an upper fixed plate (5), a lower fixed plate (6), and a corridor (7). The frame columns (4), the upper fixed plate (5), and the lower fixed plate (6) together form the portal frame structure of the machine body (1). The lower fixed plate (6) is fixedly installed on the ground. Four vertically arranged frame columns (4) are fixedly installed on the upper surface of the lower fixed plate (6). The end of the frame column (4) away from the lower fixed plate (6) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the upper fixed plate (5). The upper surface of the lower fixed plate (6) is also provided with a base for installing anchor rods. A manned platform (15) is horizontally arranged in the machine body (1) between the upper fixed plate (5) and the upper worktable (11). The corridor (7) is located diagonally behind the frame columns (4) and is connected to the ground and the manned platform (15) by a spiral step set inside the corridor (7). A protective net is set around the corridor (7).

3. The dynamic impact energy testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drop hammer lifting mechanism (2) consists of a winch (8), a pulley block (9) and a wire rope (10). The winch (8) is fixedly installed on the ground next to the machine body (1). A servo motor is installed inside the winch (8). The pulley block (9) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the upper fixed plate (5) of the machine body (1). One end of the wire rope (10) is connected to the winch (8). The other end of the wire rope (10) passes through the pulley block (9) and then passes through the manned platform (15) and is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the upper worktable (11) of the automatic drop hammer mechanism (3) through a universal joint.

4. The dynamic impact energy testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame column (4) of the machine body (1) is made of high-strength alloy steel. The impact surface of the lower worktable (12) of the automatic drop hammer mechanism (3) is inlaid with a high-hardness wear-resistant alloy block. The electromagnet (13) is made of soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability and low remanence.

5. The dynamic impact energy testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: An intelligent control box (16) is installed on the ground outside the machine body (1). A PLC control unit is installed inside the intelligent control box (16). The intelligent control box (16) is electrically connected to the servo motor of the winch (8) and the electromagnet (13) of the automatic dropping mechanism (3) of the drop hammer through a power line. A display screen (17) and function buttons (18) are installed on the outer surface of the intelligent control box (16). The display screen (17) and function buttons (18) are connected to the PLC control unit via signals.

6. The dynamic impact energy testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A non-contact laser rangefinder is provided on the bottom of the lower worktable (12) of the automatic drop hammer mechanism (3), and the non-contact laser rangefinder is connected to the PLC control unit of the intelligent control box (16).

7. A dynamic impact energy testing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The PLC control unit of the intelligent control box (16) automatically calculates the dynamic impact energy E. Based on the principle of free fall and the law of conservation of energy, it calculates the downward potential energy of the lower worktable (12) that is equal to the impact kinetic energy. The formula for calculating the dynamic impact energy E is: Where m is the mass of the lower worktable (12), g is the gravitational acceleration, h1 is the distance between the bottom plate of the lower worktable (12) and the base plane of the base before the impact begins, and h2 is the distance between the bottom plate of the lower worktable (12) and the base plane of the base after the impact is completed.

8. A method of using a dynamic impact energy testing machine, applicable to the dynamic impact energy testing machine described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The method of use includes the following steps: S1. Preparations for the test; S2. Using the drop hammer lifting mechanism (2), the drop hammer automatic falling mechanism (3) is raised to the predetermined impact height h1, and the height h1 is recorded. S3. The electromagnet (13) controlling the automatic dropping mechanism (3) releases the hammer, allowing it to fall freely and impact the anchor bolt specimen. S4. After the impact is completed, measure and record the distance h2 between the bottom plate of the workbench (12) and the base plane of the base. S5. Using the formula The dynamic impact energy absorbed by the anchor bolt was calculated.

9. The method of using a dynamic impact energy testing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: Specifically, S1 is: S11. Preset the test parameters on the display screen (17) on the intelligent control box (16); S12. Install anchor bolt specimens on the base of the lower fixing plate (6); S13. According to the test requirements, configure the corresponding mass weights on the weight carrier plate (14) of the lower workbench (12).

10. The method of using a dynamic impact energy testing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: After S5 is completed, the lower workbench (12) is reset and the previous impact test steps are repeated to test the performance degradation of the anchor rod under cumulative impact.

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