Integrated device for measuring expansive deformation-expansive force-shear strength of expansive soil
By designing an integrated device to measure the expansion deformation, expansion force, and shear strength of expansive soil, the problem of inaccurate measurement of these parameters in existing technologies is solved, enabling a true reflection of the mechanical properties of expansive soil and reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511717422.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies cannot simultaneously and accurately measure the swelling deformation, swelling force, and shear strength of expansive soil, resulting in inaccurate measurement results and high costs. They cannot reflect the true mechanical properties of expansive soil and cannot obtain the radial swelling force of expansive soil.
An integrated device was designed, including a frame assembly, a force application assembly, a water bath assembly, a shear box assembly, and a monitoring assembly. It can measure the expansion deformation, expansion force, and shear strength on the same expansive soil sample, obtain axial and radial expansion forces, and reduce the cost of samples and equipment.
It enables integrated measurement of the expansion deformation, expansion force, and shear strength of expansive soil, providing accurate data support, reducing costs, and truly reflecting the mechanical properties of expansive soil.
Smart Images
Figure CN121253802A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of geotechnical mechanics test, and particularly relates to a device for measuring swelling deformation, swelling force and shear strength of swelling soil. BACKGROUND
[0002] Swelling deformation, swelling force and shear strength are important engineering properties of swelling soil. Currently, swelling deformation, swelling force and shear strength of swelling soil are measured separately in swelling apparatus, consolidation apparatus and direct shear test equipment, i.e. swelling apparatus, consolidation apparatus and direct shear test equipment need to measure three independent samples respectively.
[0003] However, natural disasters caused by swelling soil are mostly caused by the decrease of shear strength after swelling soil absorbs water, that is, shear failure of swelling soil in the real state occurs in the state of swelling deformation and swelling force. If swelling deformation, swelling force and shear strength are measured in three independent devices, there are unavoidable slight differences between different swelling soil samples, even if the test conditions are exactly the same, the swelling deformation and swelling force of different swelling soil samples also have slight differences, and the shear strength also has differences. The swelling deformation, swelling force and shear strength data obtained in the difference state are difficult to truly reflect the mechanical properties of swelling soil, and the differences of swelling soil samples themselves not only cause inaccurate test results, but also increase the cost of samples, equipment and time.
[0004] In addition, the swelling potential of swelling soil can be converted into swelling deformation and swelling force, but the existing swelling force test for swelling soil can only measure the axial swelling force of swelling soil without deformation, while in actual engineering, swelling soil can produce certain swelling deformation, for example, the flexible protection of swelling soil slope allows the soil body of swelling soil to produce certain deformation, therefore, it is also very important to measure the swelling force of swelling soil after a certain deformation.
[0005] In addition, swelling soil has anisotropy, and the axial swelling force of swelling soil is different from the radial swelling force, but the existing swelling force measuring device for swelling soil can only obtain the axial swelling force of swelling soil, and cannot obtain the radial swelling force of swelling soil, thereby restricting the in-depth study of the mechanical properties of swelling soil.
[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device capable of directly measuring the shear strength of the same sample after swelling deformation or swelling force measurement. SUMMARY
[0007] In view of the problems in the prior art, the application provides an integrated device for measuring expansion deformation-expansion force-shear strength of expansive soil, which can directly measure shear strength of the same expansive soil sample after expansion deformation or expansion force measurement, can obtain axial expansion force and radial expansion force after a certain expansion deformation of the expansive soil sample, provides accurate data support for deep research on expansion force anisotropy of the expansive soil, greatly reduces the investment of sample, equipment and time cost, and can more truly reflect the mechanical properties of the expansive soil in nature.
[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the application adopts the following technical scheme: an integrated device for measuring expansion deformation-expansion force-shear strength of expansive soil, comprising a frame assembly, a force applying assembly, a water bath assembly, a shear box assembly and a monitoring assembly; the force applying assembly is arranged on the frame assembly; the water bath assembly is arranged in the frame assembly; the shear box assembly is arranged in the water bath assembly; and the monitoring assembly is arranged on the frame assembly and the shear box assembly.
[0009] The frame assembly comprises a base bottom plate, support columns and a support top plate; the base bottom plate is horizontally fixedly arranged; the support columns are vertically fixedly arranged at four corner points on the upper surface of the base bottom plate; and the support top plate is horizontally fixedly arranged on the top of the support columns.
[0010] The water bath assembly comprises a water tank and a water-permeable stone bottom plate; the water tank adopts an open structure; a water tank translation friction-reducing roller row is arranged between the lower surface of the tank bottom plate of the water tank and the base bottom plate; and the water-permeable stone bottom plate is horizontally arranged on the upper surface of the tank bottom plate of the water tank, and clean water is filled in the water tank.
[0011] A lock is arranged between the water tank translation friction-reducing roller row and the base bottom plate.
[0012] The shear box assembly comprises a lower shear box and an upper shear box; both the lower shear box and the upper shear box adopt an open structure without a bottom, and an expansive soil sample is filled in the lower shear box and the upper shear box; a shear box clamping limiting groove is arranged on the upper surface of the water-permeable stone bottom plate, and the lower end of the lower shear box is fixedly inserted into the shear box clamping limiting groove; and the upper shear box is arranged directly above the lower shear box.
[0013] A plurality of shear box fastening bolts are vertically arranged between the upper shear box and the lower shear box.
[0014] The force applying assembly comprises a servo electric cylinder, an electric cylinder support, a hydraulic servo actuator, a force transmission cover plate, a water permeable stone partition plate and a cover plate translation friction reduction roller row; the electric cylinder support is vertically fixed on the upper surface of the base bottom plate; the servo electric cylinder is horizontally fixed on the electric cylinder support, and the power output rod of the servo electric cylinder is in abutting contact with the outer surface of the side plate of the water tank; the hydraulic servo actuator is vertically fixed on the support top plate and the piston rod faces downward; the force transmission cover plate is horizontally placed above the swelling soil sample; the water permeable stone partition plate is horizontally arranged between the force transmission cover plate and the swelling soil sample; and the cover plate translation friction reduction roller row is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the piston rod of the hydraulic servo actuator.
[0015] An auxiliary mounting lifting ring is arranged on the upper surface of the force transmission cover plate.
[0016] Filter paper is arranged between the upper surface of the water permeable stone bottom plate and the swelling soil sample and between the lower surface of the water permeable stone partition plate and the swelling soil sample.
[0017] The monitoring assembly comprises a laser displacement sensor, an axial force sensor, a radial force sensor, a shear strength force ring and a force ring support; the laser displacement sensor is vertically fixed on the lower surface of the support top plate, and the laser measuring head of the laser displacement sensor is opposite to the upper surface of the force transmission cover plate; the number of the laser displacement sensors is at least one, and when the laser displacement sensors are multiple, the multiple laser displacement sensors are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the hydraulic servo actuator; the axial force sensor is fixedly arranged between the piston rod of the hydraulic servo actuator and the cover plate translation friction reduction roller row; the radial force sensor is arranged on the inner surface of the box body of the upper shear box and the lower shear box; the force ring support is vertically fixed on the upper surface of the base bottom plate; and the shear strength force ring is horizontally arranged, one end of the shear strength force ring is fixedly connected with the force ring support, and the other end of the shear strength force ring is in abutting contact with the outer surface of the box body of the lower shear box.
[0018] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: The integrated device for measuring swelling deformation-expansion force-shear strength of swelling soil can directly measure the shear strength of the same swelling soil sample after the swelling deformation or expansion force measurement, can obtain the axial expansion force and the radial expansion force after the swelling soil sample produces a certain swelling deformation, provides accurate data support for deep research on the expansion force anisotropy of the swelling soil, greatly reduces the investment of sample, equipment and time cost, and can more truly reflect the mechanical properties of the swelling soil in nature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 The figure is a structural schematic view of the integrated device for measuring swelling deformation-expansion force-shear strength of swelling soil. In the figure, 1 - base plate, 2 - support column, 3 - support top plate, 4 - water tank, 5 - water stone bottom plate, 6 - water tank translation friction-reducing roller, 7 - lock, 8 - lower shear box, 9 - upper shear box, 10 - shear box clamping limiting groove, 11 - shear box fastening bolt, 12 - servo electric cylinder, 13 - electric cylinder support, 14 - hydraulic servo actuator, 15 - force transmission cover plate, 16 - water stone partition, 17 - cover plate translation friction-reducing roller, 18 - auxiliary installation lifting ring, 19 - laser displacement sensor, 20 - axial force sensor, 21 - radial force sensor, 22 - shear strength force ring, 23 - force ring support, 24 - clean water, 25 - expansive soil sample. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0021] As Figure 1 shown, an integrated device for measuring the swelling deformation-expansion force-shear strength of expansive soil includes a frame assembly, a force application assembly, a water bath assembly, a shear box assembly, and a monitoring assembly; the force application assembly is arranged on the frame assembly; the water bath assembly is arranged in the frame assembly; the shear box assembly is arranged in the water bath assembly; and the monitoring assembly is arranged on the frame assembly and the shear box assembly.
[0022] The frame assembly includes a base plate 1, a support column 2, and a support top plate 3; the base plate 1 is horizontally fixedly arranged; the support column 2 is vertically fixedly arranged at four corner points on the upper surface of the base plate 1; and the support top plate 3 is horizontally fixedly arranged on the top of the support column 2.
[0023] The water bath assembly includes a water tank 4 and a water stone bottom plate 5; the water tank 4 adopts an open structure, and a water tank translation friction-reducing roller 6 is arranged between the lower surface of the tank bottom plate of the water tank 4 and the base plate 1; and the water stone bottom plate 5 is horizontally arranged on the upper surface of the tank bottom plate of the water tank 4, and clean water 24 is filled in the water tank 4.
[0024] A lock 7 is arranged between the water tank translation friction-reducing roller 6 and the base plate 1.
[0025] The shear box assembly includes a lower shear box 8 and an upper shear box 9; both the lower shear box 8 and the upper shear box 9 adopt an open structure without a bottom, and an expansive soil sample 25 is filled in the lower shear box 8 and the upper shear box 9; a shear box clamping limiting groove 10 is arranged on the upper surface of the water stone bottom plate 5, and the lower end of the lower shear box 8 is fixedly inserted into the shear box clamping limiting groove 10; and the upper shear box 9 is arranged directly above the lower shear box 8.
[0026] A plurality of shear box fastening bolts 11 are vertically arranged between the upper shear box 9 and the lower shear box 8.
[0027] The force applying assembly comprises a servo electric cylinder 12, an electric cylinder support 13, a hydraulic servo actuator 14, a force transmission cover plate 15, a water permeable stone partition plate 16 and a cover plate translation friction reduction roller row 17; the electric cylinder support 13 is vertically fixed on the upper surface of the base bottom plate 1; the servo electric cylinder 12 is horizontally fixed on the electric cylinder support 13, and the power output rod of the servo electric cylinder 12 is in top-contact with the outer surface of the side plate of the water tank 4; the hydraulic servo actuator 14 is vertically fixed on the support top plate 3 with the piston rod downward; the force transmission cover plate 15 is horizontally placed above the swelling soil sample 25; the water permeable stone partition plate 16 is horizontally arranged between the force transmission cover plate 15 and the swelling soil sample 25; and the cover plate translation friction reduction roller row 17 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the piston rod of the hydraulic servo actuator 14.
[0028] An auxiliary installation lifting ring 18 is arranged on the upper surface of the force transmission cover plate 15.
[0029] Filter paper is arranged between the upper surface of the water permeable stone bottom plate 5 and the swelling soil sample 25 and between the lower surface of the water permeable stone partition plate 16 and the swelling soil sample 25.
[0030] The monitoring assembly comprises a laser displacement sensor 19, an axial force sensor 20, a radial force sensor 21, a shear strength force ring 22 and a force ring support 23; the laser displacement sensor 19 is vertically fixed on the lower surface of the support top plate 3, and the laser measuring head of the laser displacement sensor 19 is opposite to the upper surface of the force transmission cover plate 15; the number of the laser displacement sensor 19 is at least one, and when there are multiple laser displacement sensors 19, the multiple laser displacement sensors 19 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the hydraulic servo actuator 14; the axial force sensor 20 is fixedly arranged between the piston rod of the hydraulic servo actuator 14 and the cover plate translation friction reduction roller row 17; the radial force sensor 21 is arranged on the inner surface of the box body of the upper shear box 9 and the lower shear box 8; the force ring support 23 is vertically fixed on the upper surface of the base bottom plate 1; and the shear strength force ring 22 is horizontally arranged, one end of the shear strength force ring 22 is fixedly connected with the force ring support 23, and the other end of the shear strength force ring 22 is in top-contact with the outer surface of the box body of the lower shear box 8.
[0031] The use process of the present application is described below in combination with the drawings: First, a layer of filter paper is laid on the upper surface of the water permeable stone bottom plate 5 inside the lower shear box 8, then the swelling soil sample 25 is filled above the laid lower layer of filter paper, then a layer of filter paper is laid on the upper surface of the filled swelling soil sample 25, then the water permeable stone partition plate 16 is placed above the upper layer of filter paper, and finally the force transmission cover plate 15 is placed above the water permeable stone partition plate 16.
[0032] When the swelling deformation of the swelling soil sample 25 needs to be measured, the piston rod of the hydraulic servo actuator 14 is first controlled to extend downward until the cover plate translation friction-reducing roller row 17 is in contact with the upper surface of the force transmission cover plate 15. Then, the computer controls the hydraulic servo actuator 14 to keep the contact stress of the cover plate translation friction-reducing roller row 17 and the force transmission cover plate 15 at 1 kPa. Then, the laser displacement sensor 19 is started, and the initial reading of the laser displacement sensor 19 is zeroed. Then, clean water 24 is poured into the water tank 4, and the clean water 24 passes through the water-permeable stone bottom plate 5 into the swelling soil sample 25. After the swelling soil sample 25 absorbs water, it begins to swell. As the swelling soil sample 25 swells, it lifts the water-permeable stone partition plate 16 and the force transmission cover plate 15 upward. The upward displacement of the force transmission cover plate 15 is the swelling deformation of the swelling soil sample 25, which is directly measured by the laser displacement sensor 19. At the same time, the computer synchronously draws a curve of the swelling deformation of the swelling soil sample 25 versus time. When the swelling deformation of the swelling soil sample 25 reaches a maximum value and no longer changes, it indicates that the swelling deformation process of the swelling soil sample 25 is complete, and the swelling deformation measurement process of the swelling soil sample 25 is completed at the same time.
[0033] When the axial-radial swelling force of the swelling soil sample 25 needs to be measured, the piston rod of the hydraulic servo actuator 14 is first controlled to extend downward until the cover plate translation friction-reducing roller row 17 is in contact with the upper surface of the force transmission cover plate 15. Then, the computer controls the hydraulic servo actuator 14 to keep the initial contact stress of the cover plate translation friction-reducing roller row 17 and the force transmission cover plate 15 at 1 kPa. Then, the axial position of the piston rod of the hydraulic servo actuator 14 is locked, and the height positions of the force transmission cover plate 15 and the water-permeable stone partition plate 16 are synchronously locked. Then, the axial force sensor 20 and the radial force sensor 21 are started, and the initial readings of the axial force sensor 20 and the radial force sensor 21 are zeroed. Then, clean water 24 is poured into the water tank 4, and the clean water 24 passes through the water-permeable stone bottom plate 5 into the swelling soil sample 25. After the swelling soil sample 25 absorbs water, it begins to swell. The axial swelling force generated during the swelling process of the swelling soil sample 25 is transmitted to the axial force sensor 20 through the water-permeable stone partition plate 16, the force transmission cover plate 15, and the cover plate translation friction-reducing roller row 17 in sequence. The radial swelling force generated during the swelling process of the swelling soil sample 25 directly acts on the radial force sensor 21. At the same time, the computer synchronously draws a curve of the axial-radial swelling force versus time. When the axial-radial swelling force of the swelling soil sample 25 reaches a maximum value and no longer changes, it indicates that the swelling process of the swelling soil sample 25 is complete, and the axial-radial swelling force measurement process of the swelling soil sample 25 is completed at the same time.
[0034] When the axial-radial swelling force measurement of the swelling soil sample 25 after a certain deformation is needed to be carried out, the piston rod of the hydraulic servo actuator 14 is first controlled to extend downward until the cover plate translation friction-reducing roller row 17 is in contact with the upper surface of the force transmission cover plate 15, then the hydraulic servo actuator 14 is controlled by the computer, and the initial contact stress of the cover plate translation friction-reducing roller row 17 and the force transmission cover plate 15 is 1 kPa, then the laser displacement sensor 19, the axial force sensor 20 and the radial force sensor 21 are started, and the initial readings of the laser displacement sensor 19, the axial force sensor 20 and the radial force sensor 21 are zeroed, then the clean water 24 is poured into the water tank 4, which will pass through the water-permeable stone bottom plate 5 into the swelling soil sample 25, and the swelling soil sample 25 will start to swell after absorbing water, and with the swelling of the swelling soil sample 25, the water-permeable stone partition plate 16 and the force transmission cover plate 15 will be lifted upward, and at the same time, the computer controls the hydraulic servo actuator 14 to keep the contact stress of the cover plate translation friction-reducing roller row 17 and the force transmission cover plate 15 at 1 kPa, until the swelling deformation of the swelling soil sample 25 reaches the corresponding set value, the axial position of the piston rod of the hydraulic servo actuator 14 is immediately locked, and the height position of the force transmission cover plate 15 and the water-permeable stone partition plate 16 is synchronously locked, and with the continuous swelling of the swelling soil sample 25, the axial swelling force generated during the swelling process of the swelling soil sample 25 will be transmitted to the axial force sensor 20 through the water-permeable stone partition plate 16, the force transmission cover plate 15 and the cover plate translation friction-reducing roller row 17 in turn, and the radial swelling force generated during the swelling process of the swelling soil sample 25 will directly act on the radial force sensor 21, and at the same time, the axial-radial swelling force-time curve is synchronously drawn in the computer, until the axial-radial swelling force of the swelling soil sample 25 reaches the maximum value and no longer changes, indicating that the swelling process of the swelling soil sample 25 is completed, and at this time, the axial-radial swelling force measurement process of the swelling soil sample 25 after a certain deformation is synchronously completed.
[0035] When the swelling deformation measurement or axial-radial swelling force measurement of the swelling soil sample 25 is completed, the computer continues to control the hydraulic servo actuator 14, and the hydraulic servo actuator 14 outputs the set axial vertical load, which is sequentially transmitted to the swelling soil sample 25 through the cover plate translation friction-reducing roller row 17, the force transmission cover plate 15 and the water-permeable stone partition plate 16, until the swelling soil sample 25 reaches the required consolidation time under the axial vertical load, then the shear strength force ring 22 is started, and the initial reading of the shear strength force ring 22 is zeroed, then the lock 7 is opened, the movement freedom of the water tank translation friction-reducing roller row 6 is restored, at the same time the shear box fastening bolt 11 is removed, the relative displacement freedom of the lower shear box 8 and the upper shear box 9 is restored, finally the servo electric cylinder 12 is started, and the lower shear box 8 is applied with a pushing force until the swelling soil sample 25 is sheared and destroyed, at the same time the shear strength data of the swelling soil sample 25 when the shearing and destruction occurs is recorded in the computer, at this time the shear strength measurement process of the swelling soil sample 25 is completed synchronously.
[0036] The scheme in the embodiment is not used to limit the protection scope of the present application, and any equivalent implementation or change made without departing from the present application is included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. An integrated device for measuring the expansion deformation, expansion force, and shear strength of expansive soil, characterized in that: It includes a frame assembly, a force application assembly, a water bath assembly, a shear box assembly, and a monitoring assembly; the force application assembly is disposed on the frame assembly; the water bath assembly is disposed inside the frame assembly; the shear box assembly is disposed inside the water bath assembly; and the monitoring assembly is disposed on the frame assembly and the shear box assembly.
2. The integrated device for measuring the expansion deformation, expansion force, and shear strength of expansive soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame assembly includes a base plate, supporting columns, and a supporting top plate; the base plate is horizontally fixed; the supporting columns are vertically fixed at the four corner points on the upper surface of the base plate; and the supporting top plate is horizontally fixed at the top of the supporting columns.
3. The integrated device for measuring the expansion deformation, expansion force, and shear strength of expansive soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water bath assembly includes a water tank and a permeable stone base plate; the water tank adopts an open structure, and a water tank translation friction-reducing roller is provided between the lower surface of the tank body base plate and the base plate; the permeable stone base plate is horizontally set on the upper surface of the tank body base plate, and clean water is filled into the water tank.
4. The integrated device for measuring the expansion deformation, expansion force, and shear strength of expansive soil according to claim 3, characterized in that: A locking device is installed between the water tank translation friction-reducing roller and the base plate.
5. The integrated device for measuring the swelling deformation, swelling force, and shear strength of expansive soil according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shear box assembly includes a lower shear box and an upper shear box. Both the lower and upper shear boxes have a bottomless open structure, and the expansive soil sample is filled in the lower and upper shear boxes. A shear box locking and limiting groove is provided on the upper surface of the permeable stone base plate, and the lower end of the lower shear box is fixedly inserted into the shear box locking and limiting groove. The upper shear box is located directly above the lower shear box.
6. The integrated device for measuring the swelling deformation, swelling force, and shear strength of expansive soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: Several shear box fastening bolts are vertically arranged between the upper shear box and the lower shear box.
7. The integrated device for measuring the swelling deformation, swelling force, and shear strength of expansive soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: The force-applying components include a servo electric cylinder, an electric cylinder support, a hydraulic servo actuator, a force-transmitting cover plate, a permeable stone partition, and a cover plate translation friction-reducing roller assembly. The electric cylinder support is vertically fixed to the upper surface of the base plate. The servo electric cylinder is horizontally fixed to the electric cylinder support, with the power output rod of the servo electric cylinder abutting against the outer surface of the side plate of the water tank. The hydraulic servo actuator is vertically fixed to the top support plate with the piston rod facing downwards. The force-transmitting cover plate is horizontally placed above the expansive soil sample. The permeable stone partition is horizontally positioned between the force-transmitting cover plate and the expansive soil sample. The cover plate translation friction-reducing roller assembly is horizontally positioned at the bottom of the piston rod of the hydraulic servo actuator.
8. The integrated device for measuring the expansion deformation, expansion force, and shear strength of expansive soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: An auxiliary installation lifting ring is provided on the upper surface of the force transmission cover plate.
9. An integrated device for measuring the expansion deformation, expansion force, and shear strength of expansive soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: Filter paper is placed between the upper surface of the permeable stone base plate and the expansive soil sample, and between the lower surface of the permeable stone partition plate and the expansive soil sample.
10. An integrated device for measuring the expansion deformation, expansion force, and shear strength of expansive soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: The monitoring components include a laser displacement sensor, an axial force sensor, a radial force sensor, a shear strength measuring ring, and a measuring ring support. The laser displacement sensor is vertically fixed to the lower surface of the supporting top plate, with its laser measuring head facing the upper surface of the force transmission cover plate. There is at least one laser displacement sensor; when multiple laser displacement sensors are used, they are evenly distributed along the circumference of the hydraulic servo actuator. The axial force sensor is fixedly installed between the piston rod of the hydraulic servo actuator and the cover plate translation friction-reducing rollers. The radial force sensor is installed on the inner surface of the upper and lower shear boxes. The force measuring ring support is vertically fixed to the upper surface of the base plate; the shear strength measuring ring is horizontally set, with one end of the shear strength measuring ring fixedly connected to the force measuring ring support, and the other end of the shear strength measuring ring abutting against the outer surface of the lower shear box.