High-fiber daily ration suitable for efficient feeding of Meishan fattening pigs and application of high-fiber daily ration

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-fiber daily ration suitable for efficient feeding of Meishan fattening pigs and application of the high-fiber daily ration. The TDF level of the high-fiber daily ration is 20.27%. The high-fiber daily ration has the beneficial effects that the economic benefit of Meishan pig breeding can be improved, and the use of corn and soybean meal feed raw materials is reduced in the preparation of the daily ration, so that the feed cost is reduced to a certain extent; the dependence on energy feed can be reduced to a certain extent; the utilization rate of fibrous raw material resources such as wheat bran is improved to a certain extent. An important reference is provided for reasonably and efficiently utilizing fibrous feed resources in Meishan fattening pig breeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal nutrition, specifically to a high-fiber feed suitable for efficient feeding of Meishan fattening pigs.

[0002] Diets and their application. Background Technology

[0003] my country is the world's largest producer and consumer of pork. Due to a shortage of arable land, my country also relies on corn and soybeans...

[0004] With limited production of grain meal, my country imports tens of millions of tons of corn, soybeans, and other grain crops annually. Therefore, the rational and effective utilization of abundant unconventional roughage sources is a key to alleviating this problem.

[0005] my country is rich in unconventional feed resources (such as defatted rice bran and wheat bran) and they have high nutritional value. Widespread application of these unconventional feed resources in livestock and poultry feed production could alleviate the current shortage of domestic feed resources.

[0006] The situation of resource shortage, and the total cost of feed will be further reduced.

[0007] Historically, local Chinese breeds have generally developed a tolerance to roughage due to their long-term reliance on roughage. A comparative study of pasture-raised Tibetan pigs, stall-raised Tibetan pigs, and Duroc-Landrace-Large White crossbred pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet with 10% crude fiber content demonstrated that Tibetan pigs possess excellent roughage tolerance. Feeding fattening Huai pigs different fiber-rich diets (5.5%, 7%, 8.5%, and 10%) revealed that high-fiber diets had no significant impact on the slaughter traits, blood biochemical indicators, and other characteristics of Huai pigs. Furthermore, previous research on the roughage tolerance of the Su-Huai pig breed in my country found that feeding different levels of defatted rice bran to replace corn in the diet did not significantly affect the growth performance, intestinal development, or apparent NDF digestibility of Su-Huai pigs after increasing dietary fiber levels, indicating that breeds containing local pig bloodlines also possess excellent roughage tolerance. The Meishan pig is one of the most representative and world-renowned local pig breeds in the Taihu Lake basin of China. Comparing the digestibility of high-fiber diets in Meishan pigs and Large White pigs under the same feeding conditions, it was found that Meishan pigs had stronger feed digestibility than Large White pigs when fed diets high in insoluble fiber. Using Meishan pigs and Large White pigs of the same age as experimental animals, they were fed a basal diet and a high-fiber diet with 51.8% bran replacing the basal diet. It was found that the apparent digestibility of all fiber substances (crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) in Meishan pigs fed the high-fiber diet was significantly higher than that in Large White pigs. Currently, the tolerance of Meishan fattening pigs to high-fiber diets is still unclear. Therefore, this invention uses Meishan pigs as experimental animals to systematically evaluate the dietary fiber levels that Meishan pigs can tolerate by feeding them diets with different fiber levels and measuring the growth rate and apparent fiber digestibility under different fiber levels, in order to formulate a high-fiber diet suitable for the efficient feeding of Meishan pigs. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-fiber diet suitable for the efficient feeding of Meishan pig fattening pigs, and to provide an important reference for the rational and efficient utilization of fibrous feed resources in Meishan pig fattening pig farming.

[0009] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] A high-fiber diet suitable for efficient feeding of Meishan pigs, wherein the total dietary fiber level of the high-fiber diet is 16.59-24.48%; preferably 20.27%.

[0011] The high-fiber diet is preferably prepared by adding bran or pure cellulose with different fiber levels to the basal diet to adjust the total dietary fiber level. Soybean oil and / or soybean meal are added during preparation to ensure that the crude protein, energy, amino acid, calcium and phosphorus levels of the four diets meet the nutritional requirements of Meishan pigs.

[0012] Preferably, the nutritional level of the high-fiber diet meets the following requirements:

[0013] Crude protein 17.74%,

[0014] Crude fat content: 4.02%.

[0015] Calcium 0.49%,

[0016] Total phosphorus 0.51%,

[0017] 0.23% of phosphorus is available.

[0018] Lysine 1.10%,

[0019] Methionine + Cystine 0.55%,

[0020] The metabolizable energy of pigs is 12.37%.

[0021] Crude fiber 4.62%,

[0022] Neutral detergent fiber content: 14.97%

[0023] Acid detergent fiber 4.53%,

[0024] Hemicellulose 10.44%,

[0025] Insoluble fiber 19.28%,

[0026] Soluble fiber 0.98%,

[0027] Total fiber content: 20.27%.

[0028] The high-fiber diet described in this invention is used to reduce the feeding cost of Meishan fattening pigs without affecting their growth rate.

[0029] The application of the high-fiber diet described in this invention in the preparation of feed for fattening pigs in Meishan.

[0030] The Meishan fattening pigs mentioned in this invention refer to pigs from the Meishan pig breed used in the fattening stage. Fattening pigs are piglets that, after weaning, have undergone a period of feeding to increase their weight and deposit fat, reaching a suitable slaughter weight.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0032] To estimate the tolerable total dietary fiber (TDF) level for Meishan fattening pigs under the premise of continuously increasing dietary fiber levels without affecting pig growth rate, this invention establishes different dietary fiber gradients and conducts feeding trials. Pig growth rate and apparent TDF digestibility are measured to estimate the dietary fiber level tolerated by Meishan fattening pigs. Meishan fattening pigs of similar body weight are randomly divided into a control group and three treatment groups, with seven replicates in each group. A fully automated production performance testing system is used, with one pig per replicate. During the feeding trials, the daily body weight of each pig is recorded using the fully automated feeding system, and the growth rate of pigs in different fiber substitution groups is compared with that of the control group. After the trial period, the apparent fiber digestibility of pigs in different fiber substitution groups is measured and compared, ultimately obtaining a high-fiber diet suitable for efficient feeding of Meishan pigs. The high-fiber diet of this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. High-fiber diets maximize the proportion of low-cost bran in the diet without affecting the growth rate of Meishan fattening pigs, while reducing the use of corn and soybean meal feed ingredients, thus greatly improving the economic benefits of Meishan fattening pig farming.

[0034] 2. It can reduce dependence on energy feed to some extent.

[0035] 3. It has improved the utilization rate of fibrous raw material resources such as wheat bran to a certain extent. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 shows the line graphs of the growth performance of the four groups of Meishan fattening pigs during the experimental period.

[0037] A represents Average daily feed intake (ADFI); B represents Average daily gain (ADG); and C represents Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR).

[0038] Figure 2 shows the line graphs of apparent digestibility of various nutrients in the four groups of Meishan fattening pigs during the experimental period.

[0039] A represents the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP); B represents the apparent digestibility of crude fat (EE); C represents the apparent digestibility of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF); D represents the apparent digestibility of soluble dietary fiber (SDF); and E represents the apparent digestibility of total fiber (TDF).

[0040] Figure 3 shows the line graphs of apparent digestibility of various nutrients in the four groups of Meishan fattening pigs during the experimental period.

[0041] A represents apparent digestibility of CP; B represents apparent digestibility of EE; C represents apparent digestibility of IDF; D represents apparent digestibility of SDF; E represents apparent digestibility of TDF. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Without departing from the present invention...

[0043] Any modifications or substitutions made to the methods, steps, or conditions of this invention, in accordance with their spirit and essence, shall be deemed as such.

[0044] Scope of the invention.

[0045] Example 1:

[0046] 1. Laboratory animals

[0047] This study used 28 Meishan fattening castrated boars (initial weight 67.08±1.53 kg) as experimental animals, which were randomly divided into four treatment groups: basal diet group (CON), 7% wheat bran replacement basal diet group (WB-7), 10.5% wheat bran replacement basal diet group (WB-10.5), and 14% wheat bran replacement basal diet group (WB-14). Each group had 7 replicates. The animals were fed using a fully automated production performance testing system, with 1 pig per replicate.

[0048] 2. Experimental diets with different fiber gradients

[0049] When preparing experimental diets with different fiber gradients, 0%, 7%, 10.5%, and 14% wheat bran were added to the basal diets, respectively, resulting in TDF levels of 16.59%, 17.75%, 20.27%, and 24.48% for the four groups. Soybean oil and soybean meal were added during preparation to ensure that the levels of crude protein, energy, amino acids, calcium, and phosphorus in the five diets were basically consistent or similar (Table 1).

[0050] Table 1. Dietary composition and nutrient levels of the control and treatment groups

[0051]

[0052] Note: 1 Provided per kilogram of premix: vitamin A 320,000 IU, vitamin D3 80,000 IU, vitamin E 1200 mg, vitamin B1 80 mg, vitamin B2 130 mg, nicotinic acid 1300 mg, pantothenic acid 640 mg, biotin 10 mg, iron 5600 mg, copper 800 mg, zinc 1600 mg, manganese 2000 mg. 2In the nutritional levels, calcium, phosphorus, lysine, methionine + cysteine, and porcine metabolizable energy are calculated values, while all other indicators are measured values.

[0053] Example 2:

[0054] 1. Fecal sample collection and processing

[0055] At the end of the experiment, fecal samples were collected from 28 Meishan fattening pigs. For every 200g of fecal sample, 15mL of 10% sulfuric acid was added and mixed evenly in a self-sealing bag, and the air was removed. The samples were then stored in a -20℃ refrigerator for testing.

[0056] 2. Determination of apparent digestibility of TDF

[0057] The contents of IDF and soluble fiber SDF in feed and fecal samples were determined by enzyme-weight method. TDF content was equal to the sum of IDF and SDF. The apparent digestibility of TDF in pigs was calculated using hydrochloric acid-insoluble ash as an endogenous indicator. The results showed that with the increase of dietary fiber level, the apparent digestibility of both IDF and TDF in Meishan fattening pigs decreased significantly (P<0.01) (Table 2).

[0058] Table 2. Results of fiber digestibility in Meishan fattening pigs.

[0059]

[0060] 3. Measurement of various growth performance characteristics of Meishan fattening pigs

[0061] The average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily feed consumption (ADG), and average daily weight (FCR) were calculated based on real-time daily intake and weight data for each pig recorded by the OTSS (feed intake and weight data from day 0 to day 28 of the trial period).

[0062] Table 3. Growth performance results of Meishan fattening pigs

[0063]

[0064] 4. Determination of apparent digestibility of CP and EE in Meishan fattening pigs

[0065] Simultaneously, the apparent digestibility of dietary fiber (CP) and dietary energy (EE) in pigs was measured to analyze the digestibility of their nutritional levels. The results showed that with increasing dietary fiber levels, the apparent digestibility of CP and EE in Meishan fattening pigs significantly decreased (P<0.01) (Table 4).

[0066] Table 4. Growth performance results of Meishan fattening pigs

[0067]

[0068] 4. Calculation of apparent digestibility of feed

[0069] The formula for calculating apparent feed digestibility is: Apparent feed digestibility = Apparent feed digestibility × Average daily feed intake. With increasing dietary fiber levels, the apparent digestibility of IDF, SDF, and TDF in Meishan pigs increased significantly (linear, P < 0.01), while the apparent digestibility of CP and EE showed no significant change.

[0070] Table 5. Calculation results of apparent digestibility of feed

[0071]

[0072] 5. Results

[0073] Although the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of Meishan fattening pigs increased with increasing dietary fiber levels (linear, P<0.05), the apparent digestibility (ADG) and adsorption factor (ADFI) of Meishan fattening pigs were not affected by dietary fiber levels, directly reflecting the strong tolerance of Meishan fattening pigs to high-fiber diets. When the bran replacement level reached 10.5%, the apparent digestibility of CP, IDF, and TDF in Meishan fattening pigs was not significantly different from that in the control group. With increasing dietary fiber levels, the apparent digestibility of IDF, SDF, and TDF in Meishan pigs increased significantly (linear, P<0.01), indicating that the increase in dietary fiber levels had almost no effect on the digestibility of CP and EE in Meishan pigs, and that the digestibility of fiber components such as IDF, SDF, and TDF increased. Considering both growth performance and apparent feed digestibility results, under the conditions of this experiment, Meishan pigs were able to tolerate a high-fiber diet with 10.5% bran replacement in the basal diet well. When the bran replacement level in the basal diet reached 14%, the apparent digestibility of the diet decreased in Meishan pigs. Therefore, replacing 10.5% of the basal diet with fiber in the diet of Meishan fattening pigs can save feeding costs without affecting growth performance.

Claims

1. A high fiber daily ration suitable for high efficiency feeding of Meishan fattening pigs, characterized in that, The total dietary fiber level of the high-fiber diet is 16.59-24.48%.

2. The high fiber diet of claim 1, wherein, The total dietary fiber level of the high-fiber diet is 20.27%.

3. The high-fiber diet of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The high-fiber diet regulates the total dietary fiber level by adding bran or pure cellulose with different fiber levels in the basic diet, and the levels of crude protein, energy, amino acid, calcium and phosphorus in the diet meet the nutritional requirements of Meishan pigs by adding soybean oil or soybean meal during preparation.

4. The high fiber diet of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The nutritional level of the high-fiber diet meets the following requirements: crude protein 17.74%, crude fat 4.02%, calcium 0.49%, total phosphorus 0.51%, available phosphorus 0.23%, lysine 1.10%, egg + cystine 0.55%, metabolizable energy 12.37%, crude fiber 4.62%, neutral detergent fiber 14.97%, acid detergent fiber 4.53%, semi-fiber 10.44%, insoluble fiber 19.28%, soluble fiber 0.98%, total fiber 20.27%.

5. The application of the high-fiber diet of any one of claims 1-4 in reducing the feeding cost of Meishan growing pigs without affecting the growth rate of Meishan growing pigs.

6. The application of the high-fiber diet of any one of claims 1-4 in preparing Meishan growing pig feed.

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