Greening nursery stock culture medium

Abstract

The invention relates to a greening seedling culture medium. The greening seedling culture medium is prepared by the following steps: classifying landscaping wastes; grass clippings, leaves, withered flowers, potted plants and branches with the diameter smaller than or equal to 3 cm are divided into garden waste with the low lignification degree; the garden waste with high lignification degree of branches, bamboo leaves and palm leaves with the particle size larger than or equal to 3 cm and smaller than or equal to 15 cm is divided into the garden waste with the high lignification degree, wherein the lignification degree of the branches, the bamboo leaves and the palm leaves is high. According to uneven fermentation caused by difference of lignification degrees of the landscaping waste, through classification treatment, the low-lignification waste is directly composted, and the high-lignification waste is carbonized, so that the fermentation problem is solved, and a new resource value is created.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cultivation substrate, in particular to a kind of greening nursery cultivation substrate. BACKGROUND

[0002] Garden waste, this term covers all kinds of plant residues produced in the process of natural decay or artificial pruning, such as dead branches and leaves pruned by staff, large palm leaves, and grass clippings left after lawn mowing, etc. Currently, the mainstream approach for the resource utilization of these garden wastes is to adopt composting treatment. Through scientific composting process, these wastes are converted into compost products rich in nutrients, which can then be processed into cultivation substrates or organic fertilizer products and applied again in the agricultural and forestry industries, thereby realizing effective recycling and reuse of resources.

[0003] In the cultivation substrate of garden greening nursery, the main raw materials currently relied on include imported coconut coir, domestic grass charcoal, engineering waste soil, mushroom residue, etc. Although these materials meet the needs of nursery cultivation to some extent, their acquisition and utilization also have certain limitations. In particular, imported coconut coir is relatively high in cost and greatly affected by international supply chain fluctuations; while the exploitation of domestic grass charcoal and other resources may cause damage to the ecological environment, and the resource regeneration speed is relatively slow. In addition, the performance and sustainability of these traditional substrates also face certain challenges, such as uneven nutrient release, unstable physical structure, etc., which affect the growth quality and efficiency of nursery. Therefore, finding more economical, environmentally friendly, and superior performance alternative materials for cultivation substrate has become a technical problem urgently to be solved in the current field of landscape greening.

[0004] In the composting process of garden green waste, due to the diversity of green waste, there are significant differences in lignin and cellulose content. When these wastes are uniformly crushed and then subjected to composting fermentation, different parts of green tree branches will exhibit different fermentation rates. In particular, tree trunks with a diameter exceeding 5 cm have a relatively long fermentation period after crushing due to their high degree of lignification and rich cellulose content. In contrast, leaves, grass clippings, and tree branches less than 3 cm have a relatively short fermentation period due to their low degree of lignification. Therefore, mixing garden green wastes with different degrees of lignification together for fermentation often results in low overall composting efficiency, making it difficult to achieve rapid and effective conversion of resources.

[0005] In addition, traditional substrate materials such as peat and grass charcoal are non-renewable resources, and their exploitation and utilization not only put pressure on the environment, but also have limited resource reserves. At the same time, imported coconut coir, as another commonly used substrate material, has a relatively large price fluctuation affected by sea transportation costs and supply conditions in the producing area, and is generally high in price. These factors increase the cost of garden greening nursery cultivation and limit the sustainable use of substrate materials.

[0006] Therefore, exploring a new way of resource utilization of landscaping tree branches, such as through composting fermentation, high-temperature carbonization and other technical means, while adding fermented food industry filter mud to improve the nutrients in the substrate, finally producing a substrate product that is both economical and environmentally friendly, and suitable for the growth of landscaping seedlings, has important significance for promoting the sustainable development of the landscaping industry. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a landscaping seedling cultivation substrate to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0008] The technical problems solved by the present application adopt the following technical solutions: The present application provides a landscaping seedling cultivation substrate, which is made by the following steps: Step 1: Classification and treatment of landscaping waste; Grass clippings, leaves, wilted flowers, potted plants and tree branches with a diameter of ≤3cm are classified as landscaping waste with low lignification degree; Tree branches with a particle size of ≥3cm and ≤15cm, bamboo, and palm leaves with high lignification degree and rich cellulose content are classified as landscaping waste with high lignification degree; Step 2: Composting treatment of landscaping waste with low lignification degree; Step 3: High-temperature carbonization treatment of landscaping waste with high lignification degree; Step 4: Composting treatment of food industry filter mud (one of tea dregs, sugar mill filter mud, and fruit and vegetable processing mud); Step 5: Preparation of seedling cultivation substrate.

[0009] Preferably, the specific operation method for composting treatment of landscaping waste with low lignification degree is as follows: (1) Pulverization: use a WD3600 pulverizer from Henan Shangqiu Weidong Machinery Co., Ltd. to pulverize the landscaping waste with low lignification degree to a particle size of ≤1cm; (2) Composting pretreatment: add urea 1~1.5kg / m³ and compound fermentation strains produced by Jinan Kangyuan Oasis Biotechnology Co., Ltd., mainly including Bacillus and Aspergillus, 1~1.5kg / m³ to the pulverized landscaping waste, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composting raw materials to 25~30, the moisture content to 55%~65%, and the pH value to 5.5~7.5, and mix thoroughly; (3) Start-up treatment: ferment the treated raw materials in a strip cutting mode, with a pile width of 2~5 meters and a height of 2~3 meters; (4) composting: initial 2-3 days of turning, 5-7 days of turning in the middle, 10-15 days of turning in the later period, the temperature is controlled at 65℃ during composting, and the moisture content is controlled at 55%-65%, the maturity criterion: composting period 30-50 days, after complete composting, the compost product moisture content ≤40%, organic matter ≥35%, pH 6.5-8.0, seed germination index ≥85%; (5) screening: screening the composted compost raw materials, the particle size ≥10mm is subjected to secondary fermentation, and the particle size ≤10mm is used as the raw material for producing garden nursery cultivation substrate.

[0010] Preferably, the specific operation method of high-temperature carbonization treatment of the high-wood-content garden waste is: (1) crushing: using a hammer crusher in the United States, branches with a diameter ≥50mm are crushed to a particle size of 10-25mm; (2) moisture drying: drying the moisture to below 10% by a dryer; (3) high-temperature carbonization: when the temperature of the high-temperature carbonization furnace reaches 500-800℃, the crushed material is subjected to high-temperature carbonization to obtain carbonized raw material with a particle size of 5-20mm, and the raw material after carbonization has stable properties and can improve the spatial structure of the substrate.

[0011] Preferably, the specific operation method of composting treatment of food industry filter mud (one of tea dregs, sugar mill filter mud, and fruit and vegetable processing mud) is: (1) inoculation of bacterial agent: adding a composite bacterial agent containing bacillus, yeast, and actinomycetes, 1-1.5 kg / m³; (2) pile starting and fermentation: after mixing evenly, placing in a fermentation tank, controlling the temperature at 65℃, and maintaining the moisture content at 55-65%; (3) turning management: turning once every 2-3 days in the early stage, once every 5-7 days in the middle stage, and once every 10-15 days in the later stage; (4) maturity standard: after fermentation for 30-35 days, entering the aging stage, until the product moisture content ≤35%, organic matter ≥30%, pH 6.0-6.5, and seed germination index ≥70% to be mature.

[0012] Preferably, the preparation method of the nursery cultivation substrate is: (1) raw material selection and mixing: selecting compost fermentation raw materials with a particle size ≤10mm, carbonized raw materials with a particle size of 10-25mm, fermentation materials after fermentation with a particle size ≤5mm, and engineering waste soil with a particle size ≤10mm, and mixing and preparing according to the volume ratio of 35%-50%, 30%-50%, 15%-30%, and 5%-20%; (2) pH value adjustment and sampling inspection: after preparation, 5-10 kg of citric acid or wood vinegar is added per unit cubic to adjust the pH value, so that the pH value reaches 5.5-7.5; (3) Aging: naturally aged for 7-10 days; (4) Sampling inspection of products: ensure that it meets the requirements of Guangzhou City Landscape Planting Soil 4.2.1.1 of Guangzhou City Landscape Planting Soil 4.2.1.1.

[0013] Preferably, 4-6% of the auxiliary additive is further added to the nursery culture medium; The preparation method of the auxiliary additive is as follows: 2-4 parts of silicon carbide and 1-3 parts of nano-cellulose are added to 5-8 parts of sodium lignosulfonate solution and stirred uniformly to obtain a modifier; Titanium dioxide is immersed in a sodium silicate solution with a total amount of 3-5 times that of titanium dioxide and stirred uniformly to obtain a titanium dioxide agent; 3-5 parts of kaolin, 2-3 parts of the titanium dioxide agent and 3-4 parts of humic acid sodium are added to 5-8 parts of sodium citrate solution, followed by the addition of 2-3 parts of the modifier, stirring treatment, and then filtration and drying to obtain the auxiliary additive.

[0014] The auxiliary additive is prepared by mixing the specific kaolin and titanium dioxide agent of the application, and adding the modifier and other raw materials, so that the auxiliary additive optimizes the pH value, EC value, bulk density, organic matter and total porosity of the product in the system, and improves the plant performance effect of the product.

[0015] Preferably, the mass fraction of the sodium lignosulfonate solution is 10-15%, and the mass fraction of the sodium citrate solution is 8-12%.

[0016] Preferably, the stirring speed of the stirring treatment is 350-400 r / min, and the stirring time is 2 h.

[0017] Preferably, the mass fraction of the sodium silicate solution is 5-8%.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects: The present application aims at the problems of low fermentation efficiency caused by different lignification degrees of garden greening waste in the composting process, and the problems of non-renewable and high cost of traditional substrate materials, and the problems of burden on urban space and ecological system caused by improper treatment of engineering waste soil in urban construction, and the problem of effective utilization of fermentation material, and the present application proposes a comprehensive technical innovation scheme, the core of the present application is that the fermentation period is effectively shortened and the nutrient utilization rate is improved by fine classification and treatment of garden greening waste with different lignification degrees, and the originally difficult-to-treat engineering waste soil is converted into usable substrate raw material through a specific process, and the resource is maximized in recycling by reasonably integrating the fermentation material. Specifically, the present application aims to solve the following technical problems: The uneven fermentation caused by the difference in lignification degree of garden greening waste: through classification and treatment, the low-lignification waste is directly composted, and the high-lignification waste is treated by carbonization, which not only solves the fermentation problem, but also creates new resource value; the limited and high-cost traditional substrate material resources: using engineering waste soil and fermentation material as supplementary raw materials for substrate production, through scientific proportioning and mixing, the production cost is reduced, and the resource channel is widened; the problem of engineering waste soil treatment and its influence on urban environment: the engineering waste soil is crushed to meet the requirements of substrate production, which not only solves the problem of waste soil storage, but also realizes the resource utilization and reduces the pressure on the urban ecological system; comprehensive treatment and resource utilization of urban solid waste: the present application considers the characteristics of garden greening waste, engineering waste soil and fermentation material and other different urban solid wastes, and produces a cultivation substrate suitable for the climate and growth needs of seedlings in South China through scientific proportioning and innovative technology, which provides a new path for the comprehensive treatment of urban solid waste; in summary, the present application accurately classifies and treats urban solid waste, not only solves the technical problems in the composting process of garden greening waste, but also realizes the effective utilization of engineering waste soil and fermentation material, and produces an environmentally friendly and economically valuable garden seedling cultivation substrate, which provides an innovative solution for promoting the green and sustainable development of the landscaping industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely in combination with specific embodiments, obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] A green seedling cultivation substrate according to the present embodiment is prepared by the following steps: Step one: classification and treatment of garden greening waste; Grass clippings, leaves, wilted flowers, potted plants, and branches with a diameter of ≤3 cm are classified as garden waste with low lignification; Branches, bamboo, and leafy trees of the palm family with a particle size of ≥3 cm and ≤15 cm, which have high lignification and rich cellulose content, are classified as garden waste with high lignification; Step two: composting of garden waste with low lignification; Step three: high-temperature carbonization treatment of garden waste with high lignification; Step four: composting of food industry filter mud (one of tea dregs, sugar factory filter mud, and fruit and vegetable processing mud); Step five: preparation of nursery cultivation substrate.

[0021] The specific operation method for composting of garden waste with low lignification in this embodiment is as follows: (1) Crushing: using a WD3600 crusher from Henan Shangqiu Weidong Machinery Co., Ltd., the garden waste with low lignification is crushed to a particle size of ≤1 cm; (2) Composting pretreatment: urea 1~1.5 kg / m³ and compound fermentation bacteria mainly containing Bacillus and Aspergillus produced by Jinan Kangyuan Oasis Biotechnology Co., Ltd. are added to the crushed garden waste, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost raw materials is adjusted to 25~30, the moisture content is adjusted to 55%~65%, the pH value is adjusted to 5.5~7.5, and the mixture is thoroughly stirred; (3) Heap starting treatment: the treated raw materials are fermented in a strip cutting manner, with a heap width of 2~5 meters and a height of 2~3 meters; (4) Composting: the compost is turned over once every 2~3 days in the early stage, once every 5~7 days in the middle stage, and once every 10~15 days in the later stage, the temperature is controlled at 65℃ during composting, and the moisture content is controlled at 55%~65%, the composting period is 30~50 days, after complete composting, the compost product has a moisture content of ≤40%, an organic matter content of ≥35%, a pH value of 6.5~8.0, and a seed germination index of ≥85%; (5) Screening: the composted compost raw materials are screened, the particle size of ≥10 mm is subjected to secondary fermentation, and the particle size of ≤10 mm is used as raw material for producing garden nursery cultivation substrate.

[0022] The specific operation method for high-temperature carbonization treatment of garden waste with high lignification in this embodiment is as follows: (1) Crushing: using a WD3600 crusher from Henan Shangqiu Weidong Machinery Co., Ltd., the garden waste with low lignification is crushed to a particle size of ≤1 cm; (2) Water drying: the moisture content is dried to below 10% by a drying machine; (3) High-temperature carbonization: when the temperature of the high-temperature carbonization furnace reaches 500-800℃, the crushed material is subjected to high-temperature carbonization to obtain carbonized raw materials of 5-20 mm. The carbonized raw materials have stable properties and can improve the spatial structure of the matrix.

[0023] The specific operation method of the food industry filter mud (one of tea dregs, sugar mill filter mud, and fruit and vegetable processing mud) composting treatment in this embodiment is as follows: (1) Inoculation of bacterial agent: add 1-1.5 kg / m³ of a composite bacterial agent containing bacillus, yeast, and actinomycetes; (2) Pile-up and fermentation: after mixing evenly, place in a fermentation tank, control the temperature at 65℃, and maintain the moisture content at 55-65%; (3) Management of turning over the pile: turn over the pile every 2-3 days in the early stage, every 5-7 days in the middle stage, and every 10-15 days in the later stage; (4) Standard of composting maturity: after 30-35 days of fermentation, enter the aging stage, and the product is considered mature when the moisture content is ≤35%, the organic matter is ≥30%, the pH is 6.0-6.5, and the seed germination index is ≥70%.

[0024] The preparation method of the seedling cultivation substrate in this embodiment is as follows: (1) Selection and mixing of raw materials: select composting fermentation raw materials with a particle size ≤10 mm, carbonized raw materials with a particle size of 10-25 mm, fermentation materials after fermentation with a particle size ≤5 mm, and engineering waste soil with a particle size ≤10 mm, and mix and prepare them according to a volume ratio of 35%-50%, 30%-50%, 15%-30%, and 5%-20%; (2) pH adjustment and sampling inspection: after preparation, add 5-10 kg of citric acid or wood vinegar per cubic unit to adjust the pH value, so that the pH value is between 5.5 and 7.5; (3) Aging: naturally age for 7-10 days; (4) Sampling inspection of products: ensure that the product meets the requirements of Guangzhou Garden Planting Soil 4.2.1.1 of the local standard DB4401T 36-2019.

[0025] The seedling cultivation substrate in this embodiment also contains 4-6% of an auxiliary additive; The preparation method of the auxiliary additive is as follows: Add 2-4 parts of silicon carbide and 1-3 parts of nano-cellulose to 5-8 parts of sodium lignosulfonate solution and stir evenly to obtain a modifier; Immerse titanium dioxide in a sodium silicate solution with a total amount of 3-5 times that of the titanium dioxide, stir evenly to obtain a titanium dioxide agent; add 3-5 parts of kaolin, 2-3 parts of the titanium dioxide agent, and 3-4 parts of humic acid sodium to 5-8 parts of sodium citrate solution, then add 2-3 parts of the modifier, stir, and then filter and dry to obtain the auxiliary additive.

[0026] The mass fraction of the sodium lignosulfonate solution of the embodiment is 10-15%; the mass fraction of the sodium citrate solution is 8-12%.

[0027] The stirring speed of the stirring treatment of the embodiment is 350-400 r / min, and the stirring time is 2 h.

[0028] The mass fraction of the sodium silicate solution of the embodiment is 5-8%.

[0029] Embodiment 1. A green seedling cultivation substrate of the embodiment is prepared by the following steps: Step 1: classification and treatment of landscape greening waste; Grass clippings, leaves, withered flowers, potted plants, and tree branches with a diameter of ≤3 cm are classified as landscape waste with low lignification degree; Tree branches, bamboo, and palm leaves with a particle size of ≥3 cm and ≤15 cm, which are rich in cellulose and have a high lignification degree, are classified as landscape waste with high lignification degree; Step 2: composting treatment of landscape waste with low lignification degree; Step 3: high-temperature carbonization treatment of landscape waste with high lignification degree; Step 4: composting treatment of food industry filter mud (one of tea dregs, sugar factory filter mud, and fruit and vegetable processing mud); Step 5: preparation of a seedling cultivation substrate.

[0030] The specific operation method for composting treatment of landscape waste with low lignification degree of the embodiment is as follows: (1) crushing: using a WD3600 crusher of Henan Shangqiu Weidong Machinery Co., Ltd., the landscape waste with low lignification degree is crushed to a particle size of ≤1 cm; (2) composting pretreatment: adding urea 1 kg / m³ and compound fermentation strains produced by Jinan Kangyuan Oasis Biotechnology Co., Ltd., mainly including Bacillus and Aspergillus, 1 kg / m³ to the crushed landscape waste, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composting raw materials to 25, the moisture content to 55%, and the pH value to 5.5, and fully stirring them uniformly; (3) pile starting treatment: the treated raw materials are fermented in a strip cutting mode, with a pile width of 2 meters and a pile height of 2 meters; (4) composting: turning over once every 2 days in the early stage, once every 5 days in the middle stage, and once every 10 days in the later stage, controlling the temperature at 65°C and the moisture content at 55% during composting, and the composting period is 30 days, after complete composting, the compost product has a moisture content of ≤40%, an organic matter content of ≥35%, a pH value of 6.5, and a seed germination index of ≥85%; (5) Screening: the composted raw material is screened, and the particle size of ≥10 mm is subjected to secondary fermentation, and the particle size of ≤10 mm is used as raw material for producing garden seedling cultivation substrate.

[0031] The specific operation method of the high-temperature carbonization treatment of the garden waste with high lignification degree in the embodiment is as follows: (1) Crushing: using a hammer crusher in the United States, branches with a diameter of ≥50 mm are crushed to a particle size of 10 mm; (2) Moisture drying: the moisture is dried to below 10% by a dryer; (3) High-temperature carbonization: when the temperature of the high-temperature carbonization furnace reaches 500℃, the crushed material is subjected to high-temperature carbonization to obtain carbonized raw material with a particle size of 5 mm. The raw material after carbonization has stable properties and can improve the spatial structure of the substrate.

[0032] The specific operation method of the composting treatment of the food industry filter mud (one of tea dregs, sugar mill filter mud, and fruit and vegetable processing mud) in the embodiment is as follows: (1) Inoculation of bacterial agent: adding a composite bacterial agent containing bacillus, yeast, and actinomycetes, 1-kg / m³; (2) Pile starting and fermentation: after mixing evenly, placing in a fermentation tank, controlling the temperature to 65℃, and keeping the moisture content to 55%; (3) Pile turning management: turning the pile every 2 days in the early stage, every 5 days in the middle stage, and every 10 days in the later stage; (4) Composting standard: after 30 days of fermentation, entering the aging stage, until the product has a moisture content of ≤35%, an organic matter content of ≥30%, a pH of 6.0, and a seed germination index of ≥70%.

[0033] The preparation method of the seedling cultivation substrate in the embodiment is as follows: (1) Raw material selection and mixing: selecting composting fermentation raw material with a particle size of ≤10 mm, carbonized raw material with a particle size of 10-25 mm, fermentation material after fermentation with a particle size of ≤5 mm, and engineering waste soil with a particle size of ≤10 mm, and mixing and preparing according to a volume ratio of 35%, 40%, 15%, and 5%; (2) pH value adjustment and sampling inspection: after preparation, adding 5 kg of citric acid or wood vinegar per unit cubic meter for pH value adjustment, so that the pH value reaches between 5.5; (3) Aging: naturally aging for 7 days; (4) Sampling inspection of products: ensuring that the requirements of Guangzhou Garden Planting Soil 4.2.1.1 in the local standard DB4401T 36-2019 are met.

[0034] 5% of an auxiliary additive is further added to the seedling cultivation substrate in the embodiment. The preparation method of the auxiliary additive is as follows: 2 parts of silicon carbide and 1 part of nanocellulose are added into 5 parts of sodium lignosulfonate solution and stirred uniformly to obtain a modifier; Titanium dioxide is immersed into sodium silicate solution with 3 times of the total amount of titanium dioxide and stirred uniformly to obtain a titanium dioxide agent; 3 parts of kaolin, 2 parts of the titanium dioxide agent and 3 parts of humic acid sodium are added into 5 parts of sodium citrate solution, followed by adding 2 parts of the modifier, stirring, and then filtering and drying to obtain the auxiliary additive.

[0035] The mass fraction of the sodium lignosulfonate solution in the embodiment is 10%; and the mass fraction of the sodium citrate solution is 8%.

[0036] The stirring speed of the stirring treatment in the embodiment is 350 r / min, and the stirring time is 2 h.

[0037] The mass fraction of the sodium silicate solution in the embodiment is 5%.

[0038] Embodiment 2. A green seedling cultivation substrate is prepared by the following steps in the embodiment. Step 1: classification and treatment of landscape greening waste; Grass clippings, leaves, withered flowers, potted plants and tree branches with a diameter of ≤3 cm are classified as landscape waste with low lignification degree; Tree branches, bamboo and palm leaves with a particle size of ≥3 cm and ≤15 cm are classified as landscape waste with high lignification degree and rich in cellulose; Step 2: composting treatment of landscape waste with low lignification degree; Step 3: high-temperature carbonization treatment of landscape waste with high lignification degree; Step 4: composting treatment of food industry filter mud (one of tea dregs, sugar factory filter mud and fruit and vegetable processing mud); Step 5: preparation of seedling cultivation substrate.

[0039] The specific operation method for composting treatment of landscape waste with low lignification degree in the embodiment is as follows: (1) crushing: a WD3600 crusher from Henan Shangqiu Weidong Machinery Co., Ltd. is used to crush the landscape waste with low lignification degree to a particle size of ≤1 cm; (2) composting pretreatment: urea 1.5 kg / m³ and compound fermentation strains produced by Jinan Kangyuan Oasis Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and mainly composed of Bacillus and Aspergillus 1.5 kg / m³ are added into the crushed landscape waste, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composting raw materials is adjusted to 30, the moisture content is adjusted to 65%, the pH value is adjusted to 7.5, and the mixture is fully stirred and uniformly mixed; (3) pile starting treatment: the treated raw materials are fermented in a strip cutting mode, the pile width is 5 meters, and the pile height is 3 meters. (4) composting: initial 3 days of turning, 7 days of turning in the middle period, 15 days of turning in the later period, temperature control at 65℃ during composting, and control of water content at 65%, maturity criterion: composting period 50 days, after complete composting, compost product water content ≤40%, organic matter ≥35%, pH value 8.0, seed germination index ≥85%; (5) screening: screening of the composted compost raw material, particle size ≥10mm for secondary fermentation, particle size ≤10mm as raw material for production of garden nursery cultivation substrate.

[0040] The specific operation method of high-temperature carbonization treatment of the garden waste with high degree of lignification in the embodiment is as follows: (1) crushing: using a hammer crusher in the United States, for example, to crush tree branches with a diameter ≥50mm to a particle size of 10-25mm; (2) moisture drying: drying the moisture to below 10% by a dryer; (3) high-temperature carbonization: when the temperature of the high-temperature carbonization furnace reaches 800℃, the crushed material is subjected to high-temperature carbonization to obtain 20mm carbonized raw material, and the raw material after carbonization has stable properties and can improve the spatial structure of the substrate.

[0041] The specific operation method of composting treatment of the food industry filter mud (one of tea dregs, sugar mill filter mud, and fruit and vegetable processing mud) in the embodiment is as follows: (1) inoculation of bacterial agent: adding a composite bacterial agent containing bacillus, yeast, and actinomycetes at 1.5 kg / m³; (2) pile starting and fermentation: after mixing evenly, placing in a fermentation tank, controlling the temperature at 65℃, and maintaining the water content at 65%; (3) turning management: turning once every 3 days in the early stage, once every 7 days in the middle period, and once every 15 days in the later period; (4) maturity standard: after fermentation for 35 days, entering the aging stage, and when the product water content is ≤35%, the organic matter is ≥30%, the pH value is 6.5, and the seed germination index is ≥70%, it is considered to be mature.

[0042] The preparation method of the nursery cultivation substrate in the embodiment is as follows: (1) selection and mixing of raw materials: selecting compost fermentation raw material with a particle size ≤10mm, carbonized raw material with a particle size of 25mm, fermentation material after fermentation with a particle size ≤5mm, and engineering waste soil with a particle size ≤10mm, and mixing and preparing according to a volume ratio of 35%, 35%, 20%, and 5%; (2) pH value adjustment and sampling inspection: after preparation, adding 5-10kg of citric acid or wood vinegar per unit cubic meter for pH value adjustment, so that the pH value reaches between 7.5; (3) aging: naturally aging for 8 days; (4) Random inspection of products: ensure compliance with the requirements of Guangzhou City Landscape Planting Soil 4.2.1.1 in DB4401T 36-2019.

[0043] In the seedling cultivation substrate of the embodiment, 5% of an auxiliary additive is further added; The preparation method of the auxiliary additive is as follows: 4 parts of silicon carbide and 3 parts of nanocellulose are added into 8 parts of sodium lignosulfonate solution and stirred uniformly to obtain a modifier; Titanium dioxide is immersed in a sodium silicate solution with a total amount of 5 times that of titanium dioxide and stirred uniformly to obtain a titanium dioxide agent; 5 parts of kaolin, 3 parts of the titanium dioxide agent, and 4 parts of humic acid sodium are added into 8 parts of sodium citrate solution, followed by the addition of 3 parts of the modifier, stirring treatment, and then filtration and drying to obtain the auxiliary additive.

[0044] The mass fraction of the sodium lignosulfonate solution in the embodiment is 15%; and the mass fraction of the sodium citrate solution is 12%.

[0045] The stirring speed of the stirring treatment in the embodiment is 400 r / min, and the stirring time is 2 h.

[0046] The mass fraction of the sodium silicate solution in the embodiment is 8%.

[0047] Embodiment 3. A greening seedling cultivation substrate is prepared by the following steps in the embodiment: Step 1: Classification and treatment of landscape greening waste; Grass clippings, leaves, wilted flowers, potted plants, and tree branches with a diameter of ≤3 cm are classified as landscape waste with low lignification degree; Tree branches, bamboo, and palm leaves with a particle size of ≥3 cm and ≤15 cm are classified as landscape waste with high lignification degree and rich in cellulose content; Step 2: Composting treatment of landscape waste with low lignification degree; Step 3: High-temperature carbonization treatment of landscape waste with high lignification degree; Step 4: Composting treatment of food industry filter mud (one of tea residue, sugar mill filter mud, and fruit and vegetable processing mud residue); Step 5: Preparation of seedling cultivation substrate.

[0048] The specific operation method for the composting treatment of landscape waste with low lignification degree in the embodiment is as follows: (1) Crushing: using a WD3600 crusher from Henan Shangqiu Weidong Machinery Co., Ltd., the landscape waste with low lignification degree is crushed to a particle size of ≤1 cm; (2) compost pretreatment: add urea 1.25 kg / m3 and the compound fermentation strain produced by Jinan Kangyuan Oasis Biotechnology Co., Ltd. mainly containing Bacillus and Aspergillus 1.25 kg / m3 to the crushed garden waste, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost raw material to 27, the moisture content to 60%, and the pH value to 6.0, and fully stir them uniformly; (3) pile starting treatment: the treated raw material is fermented in a strip cutting mode, the pile width is 3.5 meters, and the height is 2.5 meters; (4) composting: turn over once every 3 days in the early stage, once every 6 days in the middle stage, and once every 12 days in the later stage, the temperature is controlled at 65℃ during composting, and the moisture content is controlled at 60%, the composting period is 40 days, after complete composting, the compost product has a moisture content of ≤40%, an organic matter content of ≥35%, a pH value of 7.0, and a seed germination index of ≥85%; (5) screening: screen the composted compost raw material, the particle size ≥10mm is subjected to secondary fermentation, and the particle size ≤10mm is used as the raw material for producing garden nursery culture substrate.

[0049] The specific operation method of high-temperature carbonization treatment of the garden waste with high woodification degree in this embodiment is as follows: (1) crushing: use a hammer mill such as that of the United States to crush the branches with a diameter ≥50mm to a particle size of 10-25mm; (2) moisture drying: dry the moisture to below 10% by using a dryer; (3) high-temperature carbonization: when the temperature of the high-temperature carbonization furnace reaches 650℃, the crushed material is subjected to high-temperature carbonization to obtain 10mm of carbonized raw material, and the raw material after carbonization has stable properties and can improve the space structure of the substrate.

[0050] The specific operation method of composting treatment of the food industry filter mud (one of tea dregs, sugar mill filter mud, and fruit and vegetable processing mud) in this embodiment is as follows: (1) inoculation of bacterial agent: add compound bacterial agent containing Bacillus, yeast, and actinomycetes 1.25 kg / m3; (2) pile starting and fermentation: after mixing uniformly, place in a fermentation tank, control the temperature at 65℃, and maintain the moisture content at 60%; (3) turning management: turn over once every 3 days in the early stage, once every 6 days in the middle stage, and once every 10-15 days in the later stage; (4) composting standard: after fermentation for 32 days, enter the aging stage, and when the product has a moisture content of ≤35%, an organic matter content of ≥30%, a pH value of 6.2, and a seed germination index of ≥70%, it is considered to be composted.

[0051] The preparation method of the nursery culture substrate in this embodiment is as follows: (1) Raw material selection and mixing: Selecting compost fermentation raw materials with a particle size of ≤10 mm, carbonized raw materials with a particle size of 20 mm, fermented materials after fermentation with a particle size of ≤5 mm, and engineering waste soil with a particle size of ≤10 mm, and mixing and preparing them according to a volume ratio of 35%, 35%, 15%, and 10%; (2) pH value adjustment and sampling inspection: After preparation, 7.5 kg of citric acid or wood vinegar is added per unit volume to adjust the pH value, so that the pH value reaches between 6.0; (3) Aging: naturally aging for 8 days; (4) Sampling inspection of the product: ensuring that it meets the requirements of Guangzhou Municipal Garden Planting Soil 4.2.1.1 of the local standard DB4401T 36-2019.

[0052] In the seedling cultivation substrate of the embodiment, 5% of an auxiliary additive is also added; The preparation method of the auxiliary additive is as follows: 3 parts of silicon carbide and 2 parts of nanocellulose are added to 6.5 parts of a sodium lignosulfonate solution and stirred uniformly to obtain a modifier; Titanium dioxide is immersed in a sodium silicate solution with a total amount of 4 times that of the titanium dioxide, and stirred uniformly to obtain a titanium dioxide agent; 4 parts of kaolin, 2.5 parts of the titanium dioxide agent, 3.5 parts of humic acid sodium, and 6.5 parts of a sodium citrate solution are added, followed by the addition of 2.5 parts of the modifier, stirring, and then filtration and drying to obtain the auxiliary additive.

[0053] The mass fraction of the sodium lignosulfonate solution in the embodiment is 12.5%; and the mass fraction of the sodium citrate solution is 10%.

[0054] The stirring speed of the stirring treatment in the embodiment is 370 r / min, and the stirring time is 2 h.

[0055] The mass fraction of the sodium silicate solution in the embodiment is 6.5%.

[0056] According to the requirements of Guangzhou Municipal Garden Planting Soil 4.2.1.1 of the local standard DB4401T 36-2019, the pH value, EC value, bulk density, organic matter, and total porosity of the embodiment are detected, and the specific detection data are as follows:

[0057] Planting test Test site: the production base of Guangzhou Lvfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Test material: Impatiens walleriana Test method: 200 Impatiens walleriana seedlings are selected, and 50 seedlings are planted in each treatment. After 35 days of planting, the Impatiens walleriana reaches the standard for leaving the nursery, and the plant height, crown width, number of lateral branches, plant dry weight, and plant fresh weight of the Impatiens walleriana in different treatments are measured.

[0058] Test data:

[0059] Test conclusion: Example 3 exhibits good matrix physicochemical properties, rich in organic matter and nutrients, effectively promoting plant growth. Specifically, the plant height of ground cover grass increases, the crown width expands, and the dry matter accumulation amount significantly improves. This formula has a significant promoting effect on the growth of impatiens, and its various growth trait indicators exceed other treatment combinations, especially the growth promotion effect on impatiens.

[0060] Comparative example 1. Unlike example 3, no auxiliary additive is added.

[0061] Comparative example 2. Unlike example 3, no titanium dioxide agent is added in the preparation of the auxiliary additive.

[0062] Comparative example 3. Unlike example 3, no modifier is added in the preparation of the auxiliary additive.

[0063] Comparative example 4. Unlike example 3, no silicon carbide or nano-cellulose is added in the modifier.

[0064] Product performance test of comparative examples 1-4, the test results are as follows

[0065] Specific test plant performance:

[0066] From examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4, the product of the present application can exhibit good matrix physicochemical properties, rich in organic matter and nutrients, effectively promoting plant growth, specifically, the plant height of ground cover grass increases, the crown width expands, and the dry matter accumulation amount significantly improves. This formula has a significant promoting effect on the growth of impatiens, and its various growth trait indicators exceed other treatment combinations. Compared with the control group, the growth promotion effect on impatiens is particularly obvious. The present application directly composts the waste with low lignification degree by pre-classifying the landscaping waste, fully utilizes the advantage of rapid fermentation, greatly improves the overall fermentation efficiency. At the same time, the waste with high lignification degree is crushed to an appropriate particle size and high-temperature carbonized, which is converted into a stable matrix raw material. This not only shortens the processing period of high-lignification waste, but also significantly enhances the porosity of the matrix, providing favorable conditions for the healthy growth of the roots of the landscaping seedlings.

[0067] The raw materials of the compost, the carbonized raw materials, the engineering waste soil and the fermentation materials are scientifically proportioned and mixed, and a cultivation substrate specially suitable for the climate characteristics of South China and the growth demand of seedlings is successfully developed, the pertinence and effectiveness of the substrate are significantly improved, and the growth of the seedlings is promoted.

[0068] And the performance of the product is deteriorated to different degrees, only the product raw material of the application is used, the performance of the product is the most significant.

[0069] It is apparent to those skilled in the art that the application is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, and that the application can be implemented in other particular forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the application. The embodiments should therefore be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

[0070] Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment exhibits every characteristic or exhibits the characteristics in the same manner. The description herein of any particular embodiment is purported to be illustrative only and not restrictive. It is therefore contemplated that the application will include all techniques, alternatives, and equivalents falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A cultivation substrate for green seedlings, characterized in that, The cultivation substrate is prepared by the following steps: Step 1: Classification and disposal of landscaping waste; Grass clippings, leaves, withered flowers, potted plants, and branches with a diameter of ≤3cm are classified as garden waste with low lignification. Garden waste with a particle size ≥3cm and ≤15cm, including branches, bamboo, and palm leaves, is classified as highly lignified garden waste with a high degree of cellulose content. Step 2: Composting of garden waste with low lignification levels; Step 3: High-temperature carbonization treatment of garden waste with a high degree of lignification; Step 4: Composting of food industry filter mud (one of the following: herbal tea residue, sugar factory filter mud, or fruit and vegetable processing mud); Step 5: Prepare the seedling cultivation substrate.

2. The greening seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operational method for composting garden waste with low lignification is as follows: (1) Crushing: Use a WD3600 crusher, such as that from Weidong Machinery Co., Ltd. in Shangqiu City, Henan Province, to crush garden waste with low lignification to a particle size ≤1cm; (2) Composting pretreatment: Add 1~1.5 kg / m³ of urea and 1~1.5 kg / m³ of compound fermentation strains mainly composed of Bacillus and Aspergillus produced by Jinan Kangyuan Oasis Biotechnology Co., Ltd. to the crushed garden waste. 3 Adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composting raw materials to 25-30, the moisture content to 55%-65%, and the pH value to 5.5-7.5, and mix them thoroughly. (3) Pile processing: The processed raw materials are fermented in strip-cutting manner, with a pile width of 2-5 meters and a height of 2-3 meters; (4) Composting: Turn the compost pile every 2-3 days in the initial stage, every 5-7 days in the middle stage, and every 10-15 days in the later stage. During the composting period, the temperature should be controlled at 65℃ and the moisture content should be controlled at 55%-65%. Determination of maturity: The composting cycle is 30-50 days. After full maturity, the moisture content of the compost product should be ≤40%, the organic matter should be ≥35%, the pH value should be 6.5-8.0, and the seed germination index should be ≥85%. (5) Screening: Screen the decomposed compost raw materials. Those with a particle size ≥10mm are fermented again, and those with a particle size ≤10mm are used as raw materials for producing garden seedling cultivation substrate.

3. The greening seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operation method for high-temperature carbonization treatment of highly lignified garden waste is as follows: (1) Crushing: Use a crusher such as the American Whampoa crusher to crush branches with a diameter ≥ 50 mm to a particle size of 10~25 mm; (2) Moisture drying: The moisture content is dried to below 10% using a dryer; (3) High-temperature carbonization: When the temperature of the high-temperature carbonization furnace reaches 500~800℃, the crushed material is carbonized at high temperature to obtain carbonized raw materials of 5~20mm. The carbonized raw materials have stable properties and can improve the spatial structure of the matrix.

4. The greening seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operational methods for composting food industry filter mud, herbal tea residue, sugar factory filter mud, and fruit and vegetable processing mud are as follows: Inoculation agent: Add compound inoculum containing Bacillus, yeast, and actinomycetes, 1-1.5 kg / m³ 3 ; (2) Pile building and fermentation: After mixing evenly, place in a fermentation tank, control the temperature at 65℃, and maintain the moisture content at 55-65%; (3) Turning management: Turn the pile every 2-3 days in the early stage, every 5-7 days in the middle stage, and every 10-15 days in the later stage; (4) Standard for composting: After 30-35 days of fermentation, the product enters the aging stage. It is considered fully composted when the product moisture content is ≤35%, organic matter is ≥30%, pH is 6.0-6.5, and seed germination index is ≥70%.

5. The greening seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the seedling cultivation substrate is as follows: (1) Raw material selection and mixing: Select composting fermentation raw materials with a particle size ≤10mm, carbonization raw materials with a particle size 10~25mm, fermented fermentation material with a particle size ≤5mm and engineering waste soil with a particle size ≤10mm, and mix them according to the volume ratio of 35%~50%, 30%~50%, 15%~30% and 5%~20% to prepare the mixture. (2) pH adjustment and sampling inspection: After preparation, add 5-10 kg of citric acid or vinaigrette per cubic meter to adjust the pH value to between 5.5 and 7.

5. (3) Aging: Natural aging for 7-10 days; (4) Sample inspection of products: ensure that they meet the requirements of the local standard DB4401T 36-2019 Guangzhou Garden Planting Soil 4.2.1.

1.

6. The greening seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that, The seedling cultivation substrate also contains 4-6% additives; The preparation method of the excipient is as follows: Add 2-4 parts silicon carbide and 1-3 parts nanocellulose to 5-8 parts sodium lignosulfonate solution and stir evenly to obtain the modifier; Titanium dioxide is immersed in a sodium silicate solution of 3-5 times its total weight and stirred until homogeneous to obtain titanium dioxide agent; 3-5 parts of kaolin, 2-3 parts of titanium dioxide agent, and 3-4 parts of sodium humate are added to a sodium citrate solution of 5-8 parts, followed by 2-3 parts of modifier, stirred, filtered and dried to obtain additive.

7. The greening seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sodium lignosulfonate solution has a mass fraction of 10-15%; the sodium citrate solution has a mass fraction of 8-12%.

8. The greening seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that, The stirring speed for the stirring process is 350-400 r / min, and the stirring time is 2 h.

9. A greening seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sodium silicate solution has a mass fraction of 5-8%.

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