Development system and method for waste organic matter hydrogen under deep high-temperature geothermal energy

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production, in particular to a waste organic matter hydrogen development system under deep high-temperature geothermal energy, which comprises a deep stratum heat storage and temperature control unit, the deep stratum heat storage and temperature control unit comprises a heat storage shell, a geothermal fluid circulation pipeline and an electric auxiliary heating module, and the heat storage shell is made of a high-temperature-resistant composite geological material; collected geothermal fluid is conveyed through a geothermal fluid circulation pipeline in the deep stratum heat storage and temperature control unit, and a stable high-temperature field at the temperature of 400-600 DEG C is maintained in cooperation with an electric auxiliary heating module. According to the development system and method, the stable high-temperature field at the temperature of 400-600 DEG C is maintained through the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline and the electric auxiliary heating module through the deep stratum heat storage and temperature control unit; geothermal resources serve as a main heat source, energy consumption is reduced by 30%-40% compared with a traditional process, the U-shaped reaction unit is covered with the thermal stress buffer layer, the thermal stress buffer layer is made of a memory alloy and flexible ceramic composite material, and the rigidity can be automatically adjusted along with thermal stress.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydrogen production, in particular to a system and method for developing hydrogen from waste organic matter under deep high-temperature geothermal energy. BACKGROUND

[0002] More than 350 million tons of plastic waste are generated globally each year, and traditional disposal methods (landfill, incineration, and physical recycling) have serious pollution or low added value. Chemical recycling technology can convert waste organic matter into fuel, but existing hydrogen production processes generally face the following technical bottlenecks: 1) Traditional heating relies on fossil fuels and does not fully develop high-temperature geothermal resources at a depth of 400-600℃, resulting in high energy consumption for hydrogen production (e.g., traditional fixed-bed reactors consume up to 3.0 kWh / Nm 3 H2); 2) The structure of the reaction device cannot adapt to changes in thermal stress, and the high salinity of geothermal fluids easily causes pipe fouling and blockage, with a system continuous operation time usually <180 days. Moreover, the activity of the catalyst depends on external heating, and the pyrolysis efficiency is low (hydrogen production rate <350 Nm 3 / ton of plastic), and there is a lack of cascade utilization design for waste heat recovery, with an energy utilization rate of less than 50%. In addition, CO2 is not simultaneously sequestered, making it difficult to meet the carbon neutralization target. SUMMARY

[0003] To overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a system and method for developing hydrogen from waste organic matter under deep high-temperature geothermal energy, which solves the problems raised in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a deep high-temperature geothermal energy abandoned organic matter hydrogen development system, comprising a deep formation heat reservoir and temperature control unit, a U-shaped reaction unit, a gas separation and purification unit, a waste heat cascade utilization unit and an intelligent monitoring and control system, wherein the deep formation heat reservoir and temperature control unit comprises a heat reservoir shell, a geothermal fluid circulation pipeline and an electric auxiliary heating module, the heat reservoir shell is made of high-temperature-resistant composite geological material, the inside of the heat reservoir shell is used for conveying the collected geothermal fluid through the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline and cooperating with the electric auxiliary heating module to maintain a stable high-temperature field of 400-600 DEG C; the U-shaped reaction unit is arranged in the inside of the heat reservoir shell, the inside of the U-shaped reaction unit is provided with a U-shaped shell body, a nickel-based composite catalyst filling layer and a temperature and pressure monitoring assembly, the U-shaped shell body is made of high-pressure-resistant alloy steel material, and the inside of the U-shaped shell body is filled with a honeycomb-shaped nickel-based composite catalyst, both ends of the U-shaped shell body are respectively provided with an abandoned organic matter injection section and a hydrogen and product output section, and the temperature and pressure monitoring assembly is arranged in the axial direction of the U-shaped shell body; the gas separation and purification unit is connected with the product output section of the U-shaped shell, the gas separation and purification unit comprises a multi-stage separation tower, a hydrogen purification module and a tail gas treatment and recovery branch, the inside of the multi-stage separation tower is sequentially provided with a first-stage cyclone separation section, a second-stage inertial demisting section and a third-stage fine filtration and coagulation section, the hydrogen purification module is a hydrogen purifier adopting pressure swing adsorption or membrane separation technology, and the inside of the tail gas treatment and recovery branch is provided with a catalytic combustor and a heat exchanger; the waste heat cascade utilization unit comprises a waste heat collection pipeline, a cascade heat exchange module and a waste heat regulation valve group, the waste heat collection pipeline is a high-temperature-resistant heat-conducting pipe and is wound outside the U-shaped shell body and the multi-stage separation tower, the cascade heat exchange module comprises high-temperature, medium-temperature and low-temperature heat exchange sections and is connected with the heat reservoir unit, an external heat supply system and a refrigerating unit respectively; the intelligent monitoring and control system comprises a central control terminal, distributed monitoring nodes, an intelligent regulation and control execution mechanism and a fault diagnosis and early warning module, the central control terminal is integrated with a PLC controller and a touch screen, the central control terminal collects multiple parameters through the distributed monitoring nodes, and the collected parameters are communicated with the fault diagnosis and early warning module after being calculated by the intelligent algorithm regulation and control execution mechanism.

[0005] Preferably, the U-shaped shell body is externally covered with a thermal stress buffer layer made of a memory alloy and a flexible ceramic composite material, and the thickness of the thermal stress buffer layer is 5-10 cm.

[0006] Preferably, the inside of the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline is provided with a mineralization inhibition module, and the mineralization inhibition module comprises a nano filtration layer, an electrochemical descaling electrode, an intelligent reagent feeder and an online water quality detector.

[0007] Preferably, the U-shaped shell body reaction section is provided with a microwave generating device, the microwave generating device comprises a microwave generator, a radiation antenna and a microwave absorbing coating, the microwave absorbing coating is a silicon carbide nano coating, and the thickness of the microwave absorbing coating is 50-100 μm.

[0008] Preferably, the front end of the U-shaped shell body injection section is provided with a supercritical water reactor, the working temperature of the supercritical water reactor is 400-500 ℃, and the pressure is 25-30 MPa.

[0009] Preferably, the tail end of the gas separation and purification unit is provided with a CO2 geological mineralization storage module, the CO2 geological mineralization storage module comprises a mineralization reaction tower and a geological injection system.

[0010] Preferably, the waste heat cascade utilization unit is also provided with a heat storage unit and a compressed air storage unit, the heat storage unit is a high-temperature molten salt heat storage tank, and the compressed air storage unit is an underground salt cavern gas storage.

[0011] Preferably, the intelligent monitoring and control system constructs an adaptive reinforcement learning control system based on a deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm, takes the system temperature, pressure and hydrogen production as state variables, and takes the electric heating power and fluid flow as control variables, designs a reward function by maximizing the hydrogen production, minimizing the energy consumption and prolonging the equipment life, and realizes intelligent autonomous optimization of the hydrogen production process.

[0012] A deep high-temperature geothermal energy-based waste organic matter hydrogen development method based on the system of any one of the above, comprising the following steps: S1, deep formation heat reservoir environment construction and preheating: starting the deep formation heat reservoir and temperature control unit, and through the cooperation of the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline and the electric auxiliary heating module, the temperature in the heat storage shell body is stabilized at 400-600 ℃; S2, waste organic matter transportation and pyrolysis hydrogen production: the pretreated waste organic matter is sent into the U-shaped reaction unit, and under the action of high temperature and nickel-based composite catalyst, pyrolysis is carried out to generate mixed gas rich in hydrogen, and at the same time, the microwave generating device and the supercritical water reactor are used to strengthen the reaction process; S3, mixed gas separation and purification: the mixed gas enters the gas separation and purification unit, is treated by the multi-stage separation tower and the hydrogen purification module, and high-purity hydrogen is obtained, and the separated CO2 enters the CO2 geological mineralization storage module for permanent storage; S4, waste heat cascade recovery and utilization: the waste heat collection pipeline collects the system waste heat, realizes diversified utilization of high-temperature heat supplement, medium-temperature heat supply and low-temperature refrigeration through the cascade heat exchange module, and balances the energy supply and demand by using the heat storage unit and the compressed air storage unit; S5, system intelligent monitoring and operation and maintenance: the intelligent monitoring and control system based on the multi-field coupling digital twin model and the self-adaptive reinforcement learning algorithm, real-time regulates and controls system operation parameters, guarantees the efficient and stable operation of the system.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1) The development system and method of the present application maintain a stable high-temperature field of 400-600 DEG C in the deep formation heat reservoir and temperature control unit by using the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline and the electric auxiliary heating module, use geothermal resources as the main heat source, reduce the energy consumption by 30%-40% compared with the traditional process, and the U-shaped reaction unit is covered with a thermal stress buffer layer, uses a memory alloy and a flexible ceramic composite material, can automatically adjust the rigidity with the thermal stress, so that the system can continuously operate for more than 300 days in a complex environment, and the nickel-based composite catalyst filling layer in the U-shaped shell and the microwave generating device can effectively improve the hydrogen production rate to more than 500 Nm3 / ton of plastic; 2) The development system and method of the present application make the hydrogen purity reach more than 99.9% through the three-stage separation system of the gas separation and purification unit, cooperate with the CO2 geological mineralization sealing module, seal 2.8 kg of CO2 for every 1 kg of H2 produced, and the waste heat cascade utilization unit improves the energy utilization rate to 85% through the high-temperature molten salt heat storage tank and the compressed air energy storage unit, which is 35 percentage points higher than the traditional technology, the mineralization inhibition module in the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline constructs a "physical interception-electrochemical decomposition-intelligent control" anti-scale system, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the pipeline can be maintained at more than 90%, and the intelligent monitoring and control system based on the DDPG algorithm realizes self-optimization of the whole process, which reduces the energy consumption by 15% compared with the PID control, so that the technical breakthrough of the present application solves the fusion bottleneck of deep geothermal resources and hydrogen production process, realizes the trinity innovation of "efficient hydrogen production-carbon storage-energy cascade utilization", and significantly improves the economic efficiency and environmental benefits of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present application; Figure 2 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the present application; Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the U-shaped reaction unit of the present application; Figure 4 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the U-shaped reaction unit of the present application; Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the mineralization inhibition module of the present application; Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the gas separation and purification unit of the present application; Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the waste heat cascade utilization unit of the present application; Figure 8Modular schematic diagram of the control system of the present application.

[0015] In the figure: 100, deep formation heat reservoir and temperature control unit; temperature control unit; 101, heat reservoir shell; 102, geothermal fluid circulation pipeline; 103, electric auxiliary heating module; 104, mineralization suppression module; 1041, nanofiltration layer; 1042, electrochemical descaling electrode; 1043, intelligent chemical agent dosing device; 1044, line water quality detector; 2, U-shaped reaction unit; 201, U-shaped shell body; 2011, waste organic matter injection section; 2012, product output section; 202, nickel-based composite catalyst filling layer; 203, temperature and pressure monitoring assembly; 204, thermal stress buffer layer; 205, microwave generating device; 2051, microwave generator; 2052, radiation antenna; 2053, microwave absorbing coating; 206, supercritical water reactor; 3, gas separation and purification unit; 301, multi-stage separation tower; 3011, first-stage cyclone separation section; 3012, second-stage inertial demisting section; 3013, third-stage fine filtration and condensation section; 302, hydrogen purification module; 303, tail gas treatment and recovery branch; 3031, catalytic combustor; 3032, heat exchanger; 304, geological mineralization storage module; 3041, mineralization reaction tower; 3042, geological injection system; 4, waste heat cascade utilization unit; 401, waste heat collection pipeline; 402, cascade heat exchange module; 403, waste heat regulation valve group; 404, heat reservoir energy unit; 4041, high-temperature molten salt heat storage tank; 5, control system; 501, central control terminal; 502, distributed monitoring node; 503, intelligent regulation and control execution mechanism; 504, fault diagnosis and early warning module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0017] The terms "first", "second", and the like in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first", "second", etc. are generally of a kind and do not limit the number of objects, for example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / ", generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0018] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0019] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "arrangement" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, arranged, or detachably connected, arranged, or integrally connected, arranged. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0020] As shown in Figure 1 — Figure 8 The present application provides a deep high-temperature geothermal energy waste organic matter hydrogen development system, which comprises a deep stratum heat reservoir and temperature control unit 1, a U-shaped reaction unit 2, a gas separation and purification unit 3, a waste heat cascade utilization unit 4 and an intelligent monitoring and control system 5. The deep stratum heat reservoir and temperature control unit 1 comprises a heat reservoir shell 101, a geothermal fluid circulation pipeline 102 and an electric auxiliary heating module 103. The heat reservoir shell 101 is made of high-temperature-resistant composite geological material. The geothermal fluid collected is transported through the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline 102 inside the heat reservoir shell 101, and the electric auxiliary heating module 103 is used to maintain a stable high-temperature field of 400-600°C. The U-shaped reaction unit 2 is arranged inside the heat reservoir shell 101. The U-shaped reaction unit 2 is internally provided with a U-shaped shell body 201, a nickel-based composite catalyst filling layer 202 and a temperature and pressure monitoring assembly 203. The U-shaped shell body 201 is made of high-pressure-resistant alloy steel material, and the inside of the U-shaped shell body 201 is filled with honeycomb-shaped nickel-based composite catalyst. The two ends of the U-shaped shell body 201 are respectively provided with a waste organic matter injection section 2011 and a hydrogen and product output section 2012. The temperature and pressure monitoring assembly 203 is arranged along the axial direction of the U-shaped shell body 201. The gas separation and purification unit 3 is connected with the U-shaped shell product output section 2012. The gas separation and purification unit 3 comprises a multi-stage separation tower 301, a hydrogen purification module 302 and a tail gas treatment and recovery branch 303. The inside of the multi-stage separation tower 301 is sequentially provided with a first-stage cyclone separation section 3011, a second-stage inertial demisting section 3012 and a third-stage fine filter coagulation section 3013. The hydrogen purification module 302 is a hydrogen purifier based on pressure swing adsorption or membrane separation technology. The inside of the tail gas treatment and recovery branch 303 is provided with a catalytic combustor 3031 and a heat exchanger 3032. The waste heat cascade utilization unit 4 comprises a waste heat collection pipeline 401, a cascade heat exchange module 402 and a waste heat regulation valve group 403, the waste heat collection pipeline 401 is a high-temperature-resistant heat-conducting pipe and is wound outside the U-shaped shell body 201 and the multi-stage separation tower 301, the cascade heat exchange module 402 comprises high-temperature, medium-temperature and low-temperature heat exchange sections and is connected with the heat storage unit, the external heat supply system and the refrigerating unit respectively; The intelligent monitoring and control system 5 comprises a central control terminal 501, distributed monitoring nodes 502, intelligent regulation and control execution mechanisms 503 and a fault diagnosis and early warning module 504, the central control terminal 501 is integrated with a PLC controller and a touch screen, the central control terminal 501 collects multiple parameters through the distributed monitoring nodes 502, and the intelligent algorithm regulation and control execution mechanisms 503 are calculated and communicated with the fault diagnosis and early warning module 504.

[0021] Specifically, in the deep stratum heat reservoir and temperature control unit 1, the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline 102 is arranged in a serpentine shape in the heat reservoir shell 101, is connected with an external geothermal well or a geothermal fluid supply system through a high-temperature-resistant pipeline, and a circulating pump 1021 drives the high-temperature fluid ≥400℃ to flow, so that heat is conducted to the inside of the shell, when the intelligent temperature controller 1032 monitors that the temperature is lower than 400℃, automatically starts electric heating compensation, so that the heat reservoir shell 101 maintains a stable high-temperature field of 400-600℃; The U-shaped shell body 201 of the U-shaped reaction unit 2 penetrates the heat storage shell 101, the injection section 2011 is connected to an external waste organic matter storage tank through a high-pressure delivery pump, the output section 2012 is connected to a first cyclone separation section 3011 of the gas separation and purification unit 3 through a high-temperature resistant pipeline, the nickel-based composite catalyst filling layer 202 is uniformly filled in the shell inner reaction section, the temperature and pressure monitoring assembly 203 is provided with a sensor every 5 meters along the shell axial direction, and real-time feedback data is fed back to the intelligent monitoring and control system 5, and in the gas separation and purification unit 3, the mixed gas is tangentially fed into the first cyclone separation section 3011 to separate large particle impurities, then passes through a corrugated plate demister of a second inertia demisting section 3012, a ceramic filter element of a third precision filtration and condensation section 3013 and a condensing agent spraying system in sequence, and finally enters a pressure swing adsorption tower of a hydrogen purification module 302 for purification, tail gas is treated by a catalytic combustor 3031, heat is recovered to the heat storage unit through a heat exchanger 3032, the waste heat collection pipeline 401 of the waste heat cascade utilization unit 4 is wound around the U-shaped shell body 201 and the multi-stage separation tower 301 in a finned tube structure, heat conducting oil circulates to collect waste heat, high-temperature heat exchange section 4021 is used to heat geothermal fluid, medium-temperature heat exchange section 4022 is used to supply plant area heating, low-temperature heat exchange section 4023 is used to drive a refrigeration unit, the waste heat regulation valve group 403 intelligently adjusts the flow according to the temperature requirements of each section, the distributed monitoring node 502 of the intelligent monitoring and control system 5 collects real-time unit parameters, the central control terminal 501 sends instructions to the electric regulating valve 5031, the electric heating module temperature controller 5033 and other actuators after industrial PLC operation, and full-system collaborative regulation and control are realized.

[0022] In the present example, the U-shaped shell body 201 is covered with a thermal stress buffer layer 204, the thermal stress buffer layer 204 is made of a memory alloy and a flexible ceramic composite material, and the thickness of the thermal stress buffer layer 204 is 5-10 cm.

[0023] Specifically, when the stress of the U-shaped shell body 201 changes due to temperature changes, the memory alloy can adopt: the Ni-Ti alloy lattice structure undergoes a martensitic phase change as the stress increases, the material stiffness automatically increases, and the shell wall deformation is inhibited; when the stress decreases, the alloy restores the austenitic structure through the thermal elastic effect, the buffer layer returns to the flexible state, and cracks are avoided due to the mismatch between the rigid shell wall and the thermal stress. The flexible ceramic composite material can adopt: ZrO2 fiber reinforcement filled in the memory alloy grid gap, which can effectively enhance the compression strength of the buffer layer, and also can utilize the low thermal conductivity characteristics of the ceramic to reduce the heat loss from the shell to the outside; and the thermal stress buffer layer 204 and the U-shaped shell body 201 can be specifically firmly combined through a high-temperature-resistant adhesive, a gap of 1-2 cm is reserved between the outside and the composite geological material of the thermal reservoir 101 to form a stress release space, and the distributed strain sensor in the temperature and pressure monitoring assembly 203 is embedded in the buffer layer. The material deformation is monitored in real time, and when the strain exceeds the threshold value, the intelligent monitoring and control system 5 automatically adjusts the circulation flow of the geothermal fluid, and adjusts the stress of the buffer layer through the thermal expansion and contraction effect, so that the deformation of the shell wall of the U-shaped shell is controlled within 0.5 mm in the complex geological environment of 35 MPa vertical stress and 28 MPa horizontal stress, and the long-term stable operation of the system is ensured.

[0024] In the present example: the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline 102 is provided with a mineralization inhibition module 104, and the mineralization inhibition module 104 includes a nano filtration layer 1041, an electrochemical scale removal electrode 1042, an intelligent reagent feeder 1043, and an online water quality detector 1044.

[0025] Specifically, the nano filtration layer 1041 adopts a graphene modified ceramic membrane, which is vertically installed in the pipe diameter reduction section of the pipeline with a pore size of 0.1-1 μm. When the geothermal fluid containing Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ions flows through, the hydrated ions are intercepted because the particle size is larger than the membrane pore, and the interception efficiency is more than 90%; the electrochemical scale removal electrode 1042 is arranged in pairs in the downstream of the filtration layer with a titanium-based iridium oxide coating electrode, an alternating current is applied through a pulse power with a frequency of 1-5 kHz and a voltage of 5-10 V, a micro-electrolysis reaction is generated near the inner wall of the pipe, the active oxygen released by the anode oxidizes and decomposes the deposited CaCO3 scale layer into soluble calcium salt, and the hydrogen gas bubbles generated at the cathode destroy the scale layer structure, realizing online scale removal. In turn, the mineralization inhibition module 104 provided in the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline 102 of the deep geothermal reservoir and the temperature control unit 1 constructs a "physical interception-electrochemical decomposition-intelligent control" three-in-one scale prevention system.

[0026] In the present example: the U-shaped shell body 201 reaction section is provided with a microwave generating device 205, the microwave generating device 205 includes a microwave generator 2051, a radiation antenna 2052 and a microwave absorbing coating 2053, the microwave absorbing coating 2053 is a silicon carbide nano coating, and the thickness of the microwave absorbing coating 2053 is 50-100 μm.

[0027] Specifically, the microwave generator 2051 is fixed outside the heat storage shell 101, and the waveguide antenna 2052 penetrates the shell to radiate 2.45 GHz microwaves into the shell. The antenna is evenly distributed along the circumference of the shell, and is arranged at an interval of 90° to ensure that the microwave field uniformly covers the reaction section. The surface of the nickel-based composite catalyst filling layer 202 is coated with a silicon carbide nano coating 2053, which is uniformly attached to the surface of the catalyst carrier with a thickness of 50-100 μm. The particle size of the silicon carbide particles is 50-100 nm, which is combined with the catalyst active site through van der Waals force. The high dielectric loss characteristic makes the microwave energy preferentially absorbed by the catalyst, causing the local "hot spot" temperature to rise to 800-1000°C. When the waste organic matter enters the reaction section of the U-shaped shell, the microwave radiation makes the polar groups of the organic molecules on the surface of the catalyst oscillate at high speed, weakening the C-C and C-H bond energies. At the same time, the silicon carbide coating induces the generation of plasma on the surface of the catalyst, promoting the generation of H2. The infrared temperature sensor in the temperature and pressure monitoring assembly 203 monitors the hot spot temperature in real time, and the intelligent monitoring and control system 5 controls the hot spot temperature in the range of 800-1000°C by adjusting the microwave generator 2051, avoiding catalyst sintering and deactivation. Through this synergistic system, the H2 yield is increased by 45%, the reaction activation energy is reduced by 28 kJ / mol, and the hydrogen production efficiency is significantly improved under the same conditions.

[0028] In the present example: the U-shaped shell body 201 injection section 2011 front end is provided with a supercritical water reactor 206, the working temperature of the supercritical water reactor 206 is 400-500°C, and the pressure is 25-30 MPa.

[0029] Specifically, the supercritical water reactor 206 is arranged at the front end of the injection section 2011 of the U-shaped shell body 201, and the waste organic matter is decomposed by supercritical water oxidation pretreatment. The reactor is made of high-pressure resistant alloy material, and has a working temperature of 400-500 DEG C and a pressure of 25-30 MPa. The supercritical water reactor 206 is connected with the injection section 2011 in series through a high-pressure plunger pump. After the waste organic matter is mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:3, the mixture is pumped into the supercritical water reactor 206 by a feeding pump. In the supercritical water environment with a critical temperature of 374 DEG C and a critical pressure of 22.1 MPa, the dielectric constant of water is reduced to be close to that of an organic solvent, the organic matter and the oxidant (O2 or H2O2) are completely miscible, the free radical reaction rate is greatly improved, the waste plastics and biomass are rapidly oxidized and decomposed into small molecular organic matters such as acetic acid and formic acid, and the decomposition products directly enter the injection section 2011 of the U-shaped shell through a high-temperature and high-pressure pipeline. Under the action of the nickel-based composite catalyst filling layer 202 and the high temperature of 400-600 DEG C provided by the heat storage unit, the decomposition products are further cracked into H2 and CO2. The supercritical water reactor 206 is internally provided with a spiral guide plate to prolong the residence time of the material to 5-10 minutes, so as to ensure complete oxidation and decomposition. The outer wall of the supercritical water reactor 206 is wound with branches of the waste heat collection pipeline 401 to recover the reaction heat for preheating the feed water, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the system.

[0030] It is verified that the pretreatment process shortens the subsequent U-shaped shell pyrolysis reaction time by 30%, reduces the generation amount of by-products such as tar by 50%, and improves the carbon conversion rate of the system to more than 92%, thereby significantly optimizing the hydrogen production process.

[0031] In the embodiment, the CO2 geological mineralization sealing module 304 is arranged at the tail end of the gas separation and purification unit 3, and the CO2 geological mineralization sealing module 304 comprises a mineralization reaction tower 3041 and a geological injection system 3042.

[0032] Specifically, the CO2 geological mineralization sealing module 304 arranged in the gas separation and purification unit 3 can realize permanent sealing of carbon in the hydrogen production process. The CO2 gas discharged from the hydrogen gas purification module 302 has a purity of ≥95% and enters the mineralization reaction tower 3041 through a high-pressure pipeline. The mineralization reaction tower 3041 is filled with olivine powder with a particle size of 10-50 μm. The CO2 and the mineralizer undergo carbonation reaction under the conditions of 80-120 DEG C and 1-5 MPa. Mg2SiO4+ 2CO2→2MgCO3+ SiO2, to generate solid magnesium carbonate. The mineralization reaction tower adopts a fluidized bed structure, and the olivine powder is uniformly fluidized through a gas distributor at the bottom. The CO2 is introduced from the bottom of the tower, and the gas-solid countercurrent contact has a reaction efficiency of more than 85%. The mineralization products are transported to the geological injection system 3042 by a spiral conveyor. The geological injection system 3042 comprises a high-pressure grouting pump and a special injection well. The injection well is deeply inserted into a deep saline layer or a basalt layer with a buried depth of ≥800 m, and the injection pressure is controlled to be below 80% of the formation fracture pressure, so as to ensure safe sealing of the mineralization products. A gas recovery device is arranged at the top of the mineralization reaction column 3041, unreacted CO2 is recycled after being condensed and dried, a waste heat collection pipeline 401 is wound outside the column body, the feed CO2 is preheated by using reaction heat release, the heating energy consumption is reduced, and it is calculated that 2.8 kg of CO2 can be stored for each production of 1 kg of H2, the carbon emission reduction efficiency is increased by 50% than the traditional CCUS technology, and the hydrogen production and carbon sequestration integration is realized.

[0033] In the embodiment, the waste heat cascade utilization unit 4 is further provided with a heat storage unit 404 and a compressed air storage unit.

[0034] Specifically, the high-temperature molten salt storage tank 4041 of the heat storage unit 404 adopts a double-layer heat insulation structure with a stainless steel inner layer and a ceramic fiber outer layer, and stores sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate binary molten salt with a melting point of 220℃ and a heat storage density of 350 kJ / kg, and is connected in parallel with the high-temperature heat exchange section 4021 of the cascade heat exchange module 402 through a heat conduction oil circulation pipeline. When the waste heat production of the system exceeds the demand of the heat storage unit, the excess heat is transferred to the storage tank through the heat conduction oil, and the molten salt temperature is heated from 300℃ to 500℃ for storage; when the deep formation heat storage and temperature control unit 1 needs to supplement heat, the high-temperature molten salt in the storage tank is circulated in reverse, releases heat through the heat exchanger, and maintains the temperature of the heat storage unit stable, and the underground salt cavern storage of the compressed air storage unit is connected with the tail gas treatment and recovery branch 303 of the gas separation and purification unit 3 through a pipeline, and the non-combustible gas after catalytic combustion, mainly N2, is stored in the salt cavern through a compressor outlet pressure of 10-15 MPa; When the electricity price is low, the system stores energy by using excess electricity to compress air; when the electricity price is high, the high-pressure air is expanded to generate electricity, and the high-temperature molten salt of the heat storage unit 404 provides heat for the expander, which improves the power generation efficiency and the combined heat and power efficiency is greater than or equal to 70%; the energy storage system improves the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the system to 85%, stabilizes the load fluctuation of the power grid, and reduces the cost of hydrogen production.

[0035] In the embodiment, the intelligent monitoring and control system 5 constructs an adaptive reinforcement learning control system based on a deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm, takes the system temperature, pressure and hydrogen production as state variables, and takes the electric heating power and fluid flow as control variables, designs a reward function by maximizing the hydrogen production, minimizing the energy consumption and prolonging the service life of the equipment, and realizes intelligent and autonomous optimization of the hydrogen production process.

[0036] Specifically, the temperature sensor 5021, pressure sensor 5022, etc. of the distributed monitoring node 502 collect data every 100 ms, including more than 20 state variables such as the temperature in the thermal storage shell 101, the pressure in the U-shaped shell reaction section, and the hydrogen production, and transmit them to the PLC controller 5011 of the central control terminal 501; The DDPG algorithm inputs the state variables into an Actor network containing two fully connected layers, each with 128 neurons, to output the optimal strategy of control variables such as electric heating power and geothermal fluid flow. The Critic network evaluates the action value, and the Experience Replay buffer stores historical data to solve the sample correlation problem. The reward function is designed as R = 0.5xH2 yield + 0.3x(— energy consumption) + 0.2x equipment life prediction value, which realizes multi-objective optimization through weighted combination. In the early stage of system startup, it is first pre-trained offline for 5000 rounds based on more than 1000 groups of historical operation data, and then the model parameters are updated every hour through online adaptive optimization to autonomously explore the optimal control strategy under complex working conditions. Compared with traditional PID control, the system can improve hydrogen production rate by 12%, reduce electric auxiliary heating energy consumption by 15%, and slow down catalyst deactivation rate by 20% under the working conditions of thermal stress fluctuation ± 10% and geothermal fluid temperature fluctuation ± 5℃, realizing intelligent and autonomous regulation and control of the hydrogen production process.

[0037] A method for developing hydrogen from waste organic matter based on any of the above systems, comprising the following steps: S1, deep formation thermal reservoir environment construction and preheating: start the deep formation thermal reservoir and temperature control unit 1, and through the cooperation of the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline 102 and the electric auxiliary heating module 103, the temperature in the thermal storage shell 101 is stabilized at 400-600℃; S2, waste organic matter transportation and pyrolysis hydrogen production: the pretreated waste organic matter is sent into the U-shaped reaction unit 2, and under the action of high temperature and nickel-based composite catalyst, it is pyrolyzed to generate mixed gas rich in hydrogen, while the microwave generating device 205 and the supercritical water reactor 206 are used to strengthen the reaction process; S3, mixed gas separation and purification: the mixed gas enters the gas separation and purification unit 3, is treated by the multi-stage separation tower 301 and the hydrogen purification module 302, and high-purity hydrogen is obtained. The separated CO2 enters the CO2 geological mineralization and storage module 304 for permanent storage; S4, waste heat cascade recovery and utilization: the waste heat collection pipeline 401 collects system waste heat, and through the cascade heat exchange module 402, diversified utilization of high-temperature heat supplement, medium-temperature heat supply, and low-temperature refrigeration is realized. At the same time, the thermal storage energy unit 404 and the compressed air energy storage unit are used to balance energy supply and demand; S5, system intelligent monitoring and operation and maintenance: the intelligent monitoring and control system 5 based on multi-field coupling digital twin model and adaptive reinforcement learning algorithm, real-time regulation and control system operation parameters, to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the system.

[0038] Specifically, in the deep formation thermal reservoir environment construction and preheating stage, start the circulation pump 1021 of the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline 102, transport 400℃ or more geothermal fluid to the thermal reservoir shell 101, when the intelligent temperature controller 1032 detects that the temperature is lower than 400℃, the electric auxiliary heating module 103 is automatically started, and the shell temperature is stabilized to 400-600℃ within 2 hours, and the mineralization inhibition module 104 is started to prevent pipeline scaling; In the waste organic matter transportation and pyrolysis hydrogen production stage, the pretreated plastic particles are mixed with water, and then oxidized and decomposed into small molecular organic matter in the supercritical water reactor 206 under the condition of 450℃ and 28MPa, and then enter the reaction section through the U-shaped shell injection section 2011, and pyrolysis hydrogen is produced under the synergistic action of nickel-based catalyst and microwave generating device 205, and the temperature and pressure monitoring assembly 203 feedbacks data in real time, and the intelligent control system adjusts the microwave power and geothermal fluid flow to maintain the reaction temperature stable; In the mixed gas separation and purification stage, the gas is removed by the three-stage separation tower 301, and then purified by pressure swing adsorption to 99.9% or more, and the separated CO2 is converted into magnesium carbonate in the mineralization reaction tower 3041 and sealed by the injection system; In the waste heat gradient recovery and utilization stage, the waste heat collection pipeline 401 transports the waste heat of the U-shaped shell and the separation tower to the high-temperature section to heat the geothermal fluid, the medium-temperature section to supply the plant area with heat, and the low-temperature section to drive refrigeration, and the thermal reservoir energy unit 404 and the compressed air energy storage unit balance the energy supply and demand; In the system intelligent monitoring and operation and maintenance stage, the DDPG algorithm adjusts the parameters of each unit in real time according to the prediction results of the multi-field coupling digital twin model, and automatically adjusts the buffer layer temperature to adapt to the stress change when detecting abnormal thermal stress, to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the system.

[0039] It should be noted that: the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline and the electric auxiliary heating module can also maintain other stable high-temperature fields at other temperatures, so that the system can use appropriate temperatures to prepare other products.

[0040] It should be noted that, in the present document, the terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the methods and apparatus of the present embodiments are not limited by the order of the steps or the sequence for performing the steps, as some steps can occur in different orders and / or concurrently with one another; for example, described methods can be performed in an order other than that described, and / or additional steps can be added, or steps can be omitted, or a combination thereof. Also, characteristics described in relation to certain examples can be combined in other examples.

[0041] The embodiments of the present application described above are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the present application to the above-described embodiments, but the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative, and the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above-described embodiments can be modified in various ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present application, and all modifications belong to the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A system for developing waste organic hydrogen from deep high-temperature geothermal energy, characterized in that, include: A deep geothermal storage and temperature control unit (1) includes a geothermal storage shell (101), a geothermal fluid circulation pipeline (102), and an electric auxiliary heating module (103). The geothermal storage shell (101) is made of high-temperature resistant composite geological material. The geothermal fluid collected is transported through the geothermal fluid circulation pipeline (102) and maintained at a stable high temperature of 400-600℃ in conjunction with the electric auxiliary heating module (103). U-shaped reaction unit (2), the U-shaped reaction unit (2) is disposed inside the thermal storage shell (101), the U-shaped reaction unit (2) is provided with a U-shaped shell body (201), a nickel-based composite catalyst filling layer (202), and a temperature and pressure monitoring component (203). The U-shaped shell body (201) is made of high pressure resistant alloy steel, and the U-shaped shell body (201) is filled with a honeycomb nickel-based composite catalyst. The two ends of the U-shaped shell body (201) are respectively provided with a waste organic matter injection section (2011) and a hydrogen and product output section (2012). The temperature and pressure monitoring component (203) is distributed along the axial direction of the U-shaped shell body (201). A gas separation and purification unit (3) is connected to the U-shaped shell product output section (2012). The gas separation and purification unit (3) includes a multi-stage separation tower (301), a hydrogen purification module (302), and a tail gas treatment and recovery branch (303). The multi-stage separation tower (301) is provided with a first-stage cyclone separation section (3011), a second-stage inertial demister section (3012), and a third-stage fine filtration and condensation section (3013) in sequence. The hydrogen purification module (302) is a hydrogen purifier using pressure swing adsorption or membrane separation technology. The tail gas treatment and recovery branch (303) is provided with a catalytic burner (3031) and a heat exchanger (3032). Waste heat cascade utilization unit (4), the waste heat cascade utilization unit (4) includes waste heat collection pipeline (401), cascade heat exchange module (402) and waste heat control valve group (403). The waste heat collection pipeline (401) is a high temperature heat-conducting pipe and is wound around the outside of U-shaped shell body (201) and multi-stage separation tower (301). The cascade heat exchange module (402) includes high temperature, medium temperature and low temperature heat exchange sections, which are respectively connected to the heat storage unit, the external heating system and the refrigeration unit. The intelligent monitoring and control system (5) includes a central control terminal (501), distributed monitoring nodes (502), intelligent control actuators (503), and a fault diagnosis and early warning module (504). The central control terminal (501) integrates a PLC controller and a touch screen. The central control terminal (501) collects multiple parameters through the distributed monitoring nodes (502), calculates them through the intelligent algorithm control actuators (503), and then connects the data with the fault diagnosis and early warning module (504).

2. The system for developing waste organic hydrogen under deep high-temperature geothermal energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The U-shaped shell body (201) is covered with a thermal stress buffer layer (204), which is made of shape memory alloy and flexible ceramic composite material, and the thickness of the thermal stress buffer layer (204) is 5-10cm.

3. The system for developing waste organic hydrogen from deep high-temperature geothermal energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geothermal fluid circulation pipeline (102) is equipped with a mineralization inhibition module (104), which includes a nanofiltration layer (1041), an electrochemical descaling electrode (1042), an intelligent reagent dosing device (1043), and an online water quality analyzer (1044).

4. A system for developing waste organic hydrogen from deep high-temperature geothermal energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction section of the U-shaped shell body (201) is provided with a microwave generating device (205). The microwave generating device (205) includes a microwave generator (2051), a radiating antenna (2052), and a microwave absorbing coating (2053). The microwave absorbing coating (2053) is a silicon carbide nano-coating, and the thickness of the microwave absorbing coating (2053) is 50-100 μm.

5. A system for developing waste organic hydrogen from deep high-temperature geothermal energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: A supercritical water reactor (206) is provided at the front end of the injection section (2011) of the U-shaped shell body (201). The supercritical water reactor (206) operates at a temperature of 400-500℃ and a pressure of 25-30MPa.

6. A system for developing waste organic hydrogen from deep high-temperature geothermal energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas separation and purification unit (3) is equipped with a CO2 geological mineralization storage module (304) at its tail end. The CO2 geological mineralization storage module (304) includes a mineralization reaction tower (3041) and a geological injection system (3042).

7. A system for developing waste organic hydrogen from deep high-temperature geothermal energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste heat cascade utilization unit (4) is also provided with a thermal energy storage unit (404) and a compressed air energy storage unit. The thermal energy storage unit (404) is a high-temperature molten salt thermal storage tank (4041), and the compressed air energy storage unit is an underground salt cavern gas storage tank.

8. A system for developing waste organic hydrogen from deep high-temperature geothermal energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent monitoring and control system (5) is based on the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm to construct an adaptive reinforcement learning control system. The system temperature, pressure, and hydrogen production are used as state variables, and the electric heating power and fluid flow rate are used as control variables. The reward function is designed by weighted combination of maximizing hydrogen production, minimizing energy consumption, and extending equipment life to achieve intelligent autonomous optimization of the hydrogen production process.

9. A method for developing waste organic hydrogen from deep high-temperature geothermal energy based on the system described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1, Deep geothermal reservoir environment construction and preheating: Start the deep geothermal reservoir and temperature control unit (1), and through the synergistic effect of geothermal fluid circulation pipeline (102) and electric auxiliary heating module (103), stabilize the temperature inside the geothermal reservoir shell (101) at 400-600℃; S2, Waste organic matter transportation and pyrolysis hydrogen production: The pretreated waste organic matter is sent into the U-shaped reaction unit (2), and pyrolyzed under high temperature and nickel-based composite catalyst to generate a mixed gas rich in hydrogen. At the same time, the reaction process is enhanced by microwave generator (205) and supercritical water reactor (206). S3, Mixed gas separation and purification: The mixed gas enters the gas separation and purification unit (3), and is processed by the multi-stage separation tower (301) and the hydrogen purification module (302) to obtain high-purity hydrogen. The separated CO2 enters the CO2 geological mineralization and storage module (304) for permanent storage. S4, Waste heat cascade recovery and utilization: Waste heat collection pipeline (401) collects waste heat from the system and realizes diversified utilization of high temperature supplementary heating, medium temperature heating and low temperature cooling through cascade heat exchange module (402). At the same time, the thermal energy storage unit (404) and compressed air energy storage unit are used to balance energy supply and demand. S5, Intelligent Monitoring and Operation: Intelligent Monitoring and Control System (5) Based on the multi-field coupled digital twin model and adaptive reinforcement learning algorithm, the system operating parameters are adjusted in real time to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the system.

Images