Intelligent operation and maintenance method and system for rail transit communication machine room based on digital twinning

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent operation and maintenance method and system for a rail transit communication machine room based on digital twinning, and belongs to the technical field of digital twinning and three-dimensional visualization of a rail transit system. An intelligent operation and maintenance server side in the system comprises a data acquisition module, a three-dimensional modeling module, a digital twinning engine module and a database module; the intelligent operation and maintenance client comprises a dynamic loading scheduling module, a real-time data binding module and a visual interaction module; according to the system, a lightweight Web3D engine is adopted to dynamically load and render a three-dimensional model of a communication machine room as required, and real-time sensing, data synchronization, fault warning and remote operation and maintenance of the operation state of communication equipment are realized in combination with a digital twinning technology. According to the method, the functions of hierarchical loading of a multi-level model, alarm driving state rendering, operation and maintenance closed-loop management and the like can be realized. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of light model weight, quick response, easiness in deployment, high expandability and the like, and is widely applicable to communication infrastructure operation and maintenance scenes in the field of rail transit.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of based on digital twin rail traffic communication room intelligent operation and maintenance method and system, belong to rail transit system digital twin and three-dimensional visualization technical field, specifically related to fusion digital twin and light Web3D communication room intelligent visual operation and maintenance method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The reliability requirement of urban rail transit communication system is extremely high. With the expansion of line network, the number and types of equipment in the communication room increase rapidly, and the coupling between subsystems deepens, which poses unprecedented challenges to the real-time, refinement and intelligence of operation and maintenance management.

[0003] Currently, the operation and maintenance mode in this field mainly goes through the following stages, but all have significant limitations: 1. Traditional two-dimensional operation and maintenance mode: Most current operation and maintenance systems are still based on two-dimensional plane, presenting in the form of device list, topology graph, static cabinet diagram, etc. For example, the Chinese patent application "Network device monitoring method and system" with publication number CN109474479A demonstrates a typical two-dimensional monitoring scheme, which collects data through SNMP protocol and displays device status in a two-dimensional interface. The fundamental defect of this method is that the information is not intuitive, and it is difficult for operation and maintenance personnel to quickly correspond the abstract alarm data with the specific equipment, board card and even port in the physical space of the room, resulting in low fault location efficiency, especially in emergency situations, valuable disposal time is wasted in information conversion and searching.

[0004] 2. Primary three-dimensional visualization mode: To overcome the shortcomings of two-dimensional systems, some advanced systems begin to introduce three-dimensional modeling technology, trying to build a virtual scene of the room. However, this implementation scheme generally has key technical shortcomings; Model redundancy and loading performance bottleneck: Direct use of high-precision industrial models without optimization results in bloated model files, slow loading in web browsers, and serious constraints on system usability and promotion value. In the context of large-scale rail transit with multiple rooms, this problem is particularly prominent.

[0005] Data and model are isolated from each other: Three-dimensional models are often used only as static scene displays, lacking deep binding and driving mechanisms with real-time operation and maintenance data (status, performance, alarms). Models and data are in a state of mutual independence, without dynamic correlation mapping relationship, unable to build a data-driven digital twin, greatly reducing the application value of three-dimensional scenes.

[0006] Weak interaction capability: Interaction is mostly limited to basic scene rotation and zooming, unable to seamlessly drill down from macro room to micro port, and lacking alarm automatic positioning and visual interactive control capabilities based on real-time data.

[0007] In summary, the prior art either stays in the abstract non-spatial dimension or, although introducing three-dimensional visualization, is trapped in the barriers of performance, data and interaction, failing to form a set of "digital twin" operation and maintenance systems capable of carrying real-time data, supporting fine interaction and being suitable for lightweight deployment of Web. Therefore, developing a system and method capable of integrating lightweight Web3D technology and digital twin concept, realizing holographic mapping, real-time synchronization of state and intelligent operation and maintenance interaction of communication machine rooms from the whole to the port level equipment has become a technical problem to be solved in the field. SUMMARY

[0008] In view of the problems of model redundancy and loading performance bottleneck, data and model isolation, and weak interaction ability in the prior art, the present application constructs a rail traffic communication machine room intelligent operation and maintenance method and system based on digital twin. The core technical solution is: by constructing a lightweight, hierarchical three-dimensional model of the communication machine room, and relying on the digital twin engine to realize the dynamic mapping and interaction of the physical system and the virtual model, combining with the real-time driving of the equipment running state three-dimensional display, a visual operation and maintenance platform with rapid response, state linkage and data driving is constructed. The system uses a lightweight Web3D engine to dynamically load and render the three-dimensional model on demand, integrates data acquisition, three-dimensional modeling, dynamic loading scheduling, digital twin engine, database, real-time data binding and visual interaction modules, and realizes real-time perception, data synchronization, fault alarm and remote operation and maintenance of the communication equipment running state. The system has functions such as multi-level model hierarchical loading, alarm-driven state rendering and operation and maintenance closed-loop management, compared with the prior art, has the advantages of lightweight model, rapid response, easy deployment and strong scalability, and is widely applicable to the operation and maintenance scene of communication infrastructure in the field of rail transit.

[0009] The technical scheme adopted by the present application is: a rail traffic communication machine room intelligent operation and maintenance method based on digital twin, realized based on an intelligent operation and maintenance server and an intelligent operation and maintenance client, the intelligent operation and maintenance server includes a data acquisition module, a three-dimensional modeling module, a digital twin engine module and a database module, the intelligent operation and maintenance client includes a dynamic loading scheduling module, a real-time data binding module and a visual interaction module; the specific steps are as follows: Step one, the visual interaction module of the intelligent operation and maintenance client, according to the user accessing the system URL through the browser, starting the visual interaction module, requesting the basic data of site information, machine room information and external communication subsystem equipment information from the database module of the intelligent operation and maintenance server, and handing over the basic data to the dynamic loading scheduling module of the intelligent operation and maintenance client, the dynamic loading scheduling module requests the required model resources from the three-dimensional modeling module of the intelligent operation and maintenance server according to the initial view angle of the user, and the dynamic loading scheduling module obtains the corresponding model resources and hands them over to the visual interaction module for 3D rendering; Step two, the data acquisition module uses the Internet of Things gateway to continuously collect multi-source heterogeneous data of external communication subsystem equipment, and sends the parsed data to the digital twin engine module through COBRA, SNMP, Modbus, HTTP multiple protocol interfaces. The digital twin engine module maps the received external communication subsystem equipment data to the corresponding three-dimensional model of the virtual world according to the preset rules, updates the current state of the digital twin, and stores the historical data in the database module. Step three, the digital twin engine module sends real-time data to the real-time data binding module of the intelligent operation and maintenance client through WebSocket communication. After the real-time data binding module receives and parses the data packet, it locates the corresponding model object in the rendered three-dimensional scene according to the device, subrack, slot, and port identifiers, and drives the state update, information mounting, and alarm positioning of the three-dimensional model. Step four, the visualization interaction module captures user interaction with the three-dimensional scene, generates instructions, and sends them to the digital twin engine module through API requests. The module verifies and processes the instructions. For query requests, it directly returns relevant information, and for control commands, it issues control instructions to the communication subsystem equipment through the data acquisition module. After the communication subsystem equipment performs the operation, its state change is captured by the data acquisition module again, and the updated real-time data of the digital twin is sent to the intelligent operation and maintenance client real-time data binding module for 3D rendering and display on the interface. Step five, the three-dimensional modeling module creates, optimizes, and hierarchically organizes three-dimensional models, and stores the generated lightweight model files on the intelligent operation and maintenance server for download by the dynamic loading and scheduling module of the intelligent operation and maintenance client.

[0010] The three-dimensional modeling module uses GLB / GLTF 2.0 format for three-dimensional model resource format, combined with Draco compression format and supporting LOD switching, and is divided into six levels of structure: room, cabinet, equipment, subrack, board, and port. According to the distance between the model and the camera, different precision models are switched to optimize loading performance.

[0011] The core of the digital twin engine module is a hierarchical and extensible unified twin data model, which adopts an object-oriented design idea, defines a device base class containing general attributes, and the device base class includes a unique identifier, a physical asset identifier, a name, a type, a model ID, a state, a parent device ID, location information, and business attributes. Based on the device base class, a machine room, a cabinet, a device, a subrack, a slot, and a port specific twin class are derived, and each twin class extends its own attribute set. The machine room twin extends environmental monitoring attributes. The cabinet twin extends power and space attributes. The device twin extends computing resource attributes. The slot twin extends card state attributes. The port twin extends network attributes. The unified twin data model maintains a complete containment hierarchical tree from the machine room to the port through the parentId and children list.

[0012] The dynamic loading scheduling module continuously monitors three trigger conditions: (1) User operation, including clicking and dragging; (2) View range change, including camera movement, rotation, and zoom; (3) State change, including alarm triggering and device state updating; When any condition is triggered, the system first determines whether it is a user operation. If so, it enters the corresponding decision branch to identify the resource target to be loaded. If not, the system further determines whether it is triggered due to a view range change. If so, it enters the corresponding decision branch to identify the resource target to be loaded. If not, the system further determines whether it is triggered due to a state change. If so, it enters the corresponding decision branch to identify the resource target to be loaded. If not, it ends the current process. When any of the above conditions is triggered, the system enters a decision branch to determine the specific trigger type and identify the resource target to be loaded: (1) If the region division is triggered: the system identifies and determines the specific physical or logical region pointed to by the user's current operation, i.e., a specific machine room or cabinet. If the region division is not triggered, the hierarchical structure is determined; (2) If the hierarchical structure is triggered: the system analyzes the tree-like hierarchical structure of the scene and determines the target level, i.e., the user performs a focusing operation from the "machine room" level to the "cabinet" level, to the "device" level, to the "subrack" level, to the "slot" level, and to the "port" level. If the hierarchical structure is not triggered, the view cone is determined; (3) If the view cone is triggered: the system performs collision detection between the camera's view cone and the bounding box of the three-dimensional model in the scene to accurately determine the current visible region range. If the view cone is not triggered, the interactive behavior is determined. (4) If the interaction behavior is triggered: the system determines the specific interaction behavior and its associated object, i.e. the device model that is clicked and its detailed information panel. If the interaction behavior is not triggered, the process is ended. After determining the target resource, the system synchronously performs two operations: (1) Load resources: according to the judgment result, request and load the model resources in the determined area, target level, view cone range or associated with the interaction behavior from the intelligent operation and maintenance server; (2) Unload resources: at the same time, the system will identify and actively unload the model resources that are no longer needed: i. Models in other areas than the current area; ii. Redundant models that are not in the target level; iii. Models outside the current view cone range; iv. Models unrelated to the current interaction behavior; After completing the loading and unloading of this round of resources, the system instructs the Web3D rendering engine to perform scene rendering and present the latest model to the user.

[0013] The visualization interaction module includes 3D rendering and human-computer interaction parts, wherein the 3D rendering realizes a dynamic on-demand rendering method, 3D rendering is performed when the rendering rule is met, otherwise the rendering cycle is stopped, the on-demand rendering rule includes after the model is successfully loaded, mouse single-click, double-click, right-click event, window change, element size change, view angle switching, scene clearing, and using smooth animation effect; the human-computer interaction part realizes user mouse left button click dragging, moving, zooming, double-click opening door, and mouse right button closing door operation.

[0014] A rail traffic signal machine room intelligent operation and maintenance system based on digital twinning, the system is composed of an intelligent operation and maintenance client and an intelligent operation and maintenance server, a plurality of intelligent operation and maintenance clients are connected with the intelligent operation and maintenance server through a network cable through a switch, and communication is performed between the two through WebSocket and HTTP.

[0015] The beneficial technical effects of the present application are: 1. High-performance Web-based three-dimensional visualization is achieved, which fundamentally overcomes the loading and rendering bottleneck. By using glb / Draco compression format and combining multi-level LOD (level of detail) technology, the model volume is reduced by more than 70% on average. The dynamic loading scheduling module loads resources on demand according to the view angle and interaction behavior, so that the first screen loading time of a large-scale machine room scene is controlled within 3 seconds, and a smooth interaction frame rate (≥30fps) is maintained on mainstream browsers, solving the core pain points of model volume redundancy and low loading efficiency in primary three-dimensional models.

[0016] 2. Deep, real-time fusion of data and 3D models has been achieved, realizing a leap from "visible" to "knowable and manageable." By establishing a WebSocket real-time data channel and a precise identifier mapping mechanism, this system precisely binds device status (e.g., online / offline), performance indicators (e.g., CPU utilization, port traffic), and alarm information to specific devices, subracks, boards, and even ports in the virtual scene at the pixel level. Status update latency is less than 1 second, faulty devices are highlighted with a flashing red light, and the system automatically switches perspectives for location, completely changing the problem of data and spatial location being disconnected in traditional 2D or static 3D systems, improving fault location efficiency by over 80%.

[0017] 3. A panoramic, multi-dimensional monitoring view from logical topology to physical space has been constructed. This invention not only displays the physical layout of the data center, but also overlays the logical topology of communication links onto a three-dimensional space, achieving unified monitoring in both logical and physical dimensions. Maintenance personnel can intuitively see which specific cabinets, devices, and ports a service link passes through. When a link alarm occurs, all relevant physical devices can be quickly located in three-dimensional space, enabling cross-system correlation analysis and greatly improving the ability to troubleshoot complex problems.

[0018] 4. The system possesses high flexibility and scalability. Its modular design (such as separate client and server components and an independent digital twin engine) and region- and hierarchy-based dynamic loading rules enable smooth expansion to adapt to new lines, data centers, or equipment types. This loosely coupled architecture reduces the cost of later maintenance and upgrades, and its scalability is several times higher than that of traditional tightly coupled monolithic systems, demonstrating promising engineering application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 The system architecture diagram for implementing this invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the dynamic loading process of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the binding and twin synchronization of device status data in the external communication subsystem of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: like Figure 1As shown, the system architecture diagram for implementing the present application, a rail transit communication room intelligent operation and maintenance system based on digital twinning, the system is composed of two parts of intelligent operation and maintenance client and intelligent operation and maintenance server, a plurality of intelligent operation and maintenance clients are connected through network cable via switch with the intelligent operation and maintenance server, and communication is carried out between the two through WebSocket and HTTP. Each intelligent operation and maintenance client includes a real-time data binding module, a visual interaction module and a dynamic loading scheduling module; the intelligent operation and maintenance server includes a digital twinning engine module, a three-dimensional modeling module, a data acquisition module and a database module.

[0021] In embodiment 1, the intelligent operation and maintenance client is deployed in the rail transit subway line control center and the station workroom, and the intelligent operation and maintenance server is deployed in the control center communication room. The external communication subsystem equipment includes a network security system, a transmission system, a special wireless system, a passenger information system, a video monitoring system, a clock system, a broadcast system, a special power supply system, a special telephone system and a public telephone system.

[0022] The specific implementation method steps are as follows: I. The visual interaction module, according to the user accessing the system URL through the browser, starts the visual interaction module, which requests the site information, the communication room information, the external communication subsystem equipment information and other basic data from the intelligent operation and maintenance server database module. The basic data is handed over to the dynamic loading scheduling module, which requests the required model resources from the intelligent operation and maintenance server according to the user's initial perspective, and the dynamic loading scheduling module obtains the corresponding model resources and hands them over to the visual interaction module for 3D rendering.

[0023] II. The data acquisition module uses the Internet of Things gateway to continuously collect multi-source heterogeneous data of the communication subsystem equipment, and sends the parsed data to the digital twinning engine module through COBRA, SNMP, Modbus, HTTP and other protocol interfaces. The digital twinning engine module maps the received physical device data one by one with the corresponding three-dimensional model in the virtual world according to the preset rules, updates the current state of the digital twinning body, and at the same time stores the historical data into the database module. The core of the digital twinning engine module is a hierarchical and extensible unified twinning body data model. The model adopts the object-oriented design idea, defines a device base class containing general attributes, all specific device types (communication room, equipment cabinet, device, subrack, slot, port) inherit from this base class and have extended attributes, and the device base class refers to Table 1 unified metadata model (device base class); Table 1 unified metadata model (device base class)

[0024] Based on this base class, the machine room, cabinet, equipment, subrack, slot, and port specific twin classes are derived. The machine room twin class is shown in Table 2, the cabinet twin class is shown in Table 3, the equipment twin class is shown in Table 4, the subrack twin class is shown in Table 5, the slot twin class is shown in Table 6, and the port twin class is shown in Table 7. Each class extends its own set of attributes. For example, the machine room twin extends environmental monitoring attributes (temperature and humidity); the cabinet twin extends power and space attributes (U number and power consumption); the equipment twin extends computing resource attributes (CPU and memory utilization); the slot twin extends board status attributes; and the port twin extends network attributes (status, traffic, and optical power). The unified twin data model maintains a complete containment hierarchy tree from the machine room to the port through the parentId and children lists, ensuring accurate digital mapping of physical space and logical relationships. This design not only completely describes the static attributes of the equipment, but also provides a structured data foundation for real-time data-driven visualization, topology analysis, and intelligent operation and maintenance decisions through dynamic attributes. For example, the transmission system equipment scenario of the external communication subsystem is described as follows: Machine Room: Line1_Core_Room; Cabinet: Cabinet A-12, 42U high; Equipment: One optical transport network backbone device installed at the 15-20U position of the cabinet; Subrack: The 3rd subrack of the device; Slot: The 5th slot of the subrack; Port: The 1st optical port Port-1 (10G) on the slot board; The instance data of each level of twin is shown in Tables 2-7.

[0025] Table 2: Machine Room Twin

[0026] Table 3: Cabinet Twin

[0027] Table 4: Equipment Twin

[0028] Table 5: Subrack Twin

[0029] Table 6: Slot Twin

[0030] Table 7: Port Twin

[0031] 3. The digital twin engine module sends real-time data to the real-time data binding module of the intelligent operation and maintenance client via WebSocket communication. After receiving the data, the real-time data binding module parses the data packet and locates the corresponding model object in the rendered 3D scene according to the device, subrack, slot and port identifiers in it, and drives its status update, information attachment and alarm location. (1) Status update: Normal devices are displayed in green, and faulty devices are displayed in red; (2) Information mounting: Display a real-time performance parameter panel next to the equipment model; (3) Alarm location: Automatically switch the viewpoint to the device that triggered the alarm to achieve rapid location.

[0032] Fourth, the visualization interaction module captures the user's interaction with the 3D scene, generates instructions, and sends the instructions to the digital twin engine module of the intelligent operation and maintenance server via API requests. This module verifies and processes the instructions. For query requests, it directly returns relevant information; for control commands, it sends control instructions to the communication subsystem devices through the data acquisition module. After the subsystem devices execute the operation, their state changes are recaptured by the data acquisition module and sent back to the digital twin engine module to send the data to the real-time data binding module of the intelligent operation and maintenance client for 3D rendering and display on the interface.

[0033] The 5.3D modeling module creates, optimizes, and hierarchically organizes 3D models, storing the generated lightweight model files on the intelligent operation and maintenance server for download by the dynamic loading and scheduling module of the intelligent operation and maintenance client. The 3D model resource format adopts GLB / GLTF 2.0, combined with Draco compression and supports LOD switching. It is divided into a six-level structure: room, rack, equipment, subrack, board, and port. Different model resolutions are switched based on the distance between the model and the camera to optimize loading performance.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown: Dynamic loading flowchart; a. Process initiation and trigger determination; The dynamic loading and scheduling module continuously monitors three main triggering conditions: (1) User operations, including clicking and dragging; (2) Changes in the field of view, including camera movement, rotation, and zoom; (3) Status changes occur, including alarm triggering and device status updates; When any condition is triggered, the system first determines whether it is a user operation; if so, it enters the corresponding decision branch to identify the target resource to be loaded; if not, the system will further determine whether it is triggered by the change of the perspective range; if so, it enters the corresponding decision branch to identify the target resource to be loaded; if not, the system will further determine whether it is caused by the state change; if so, it enters the corresponding decision branch to identify the target resource to be loaded; if not, the process ends.

[0035] b. Rule judgment and target area identification; When any of the above conditions is triggered, the system will enter a decision branch to determine the specific trigger type and identify the target resource to be loaded accordingly: (1) If the area division is triggered: the system identifies and determines the specific physical or logical area (a specific machine room or cabinet) pointed to by the current user operation; if the area division is not triggered, the hierarchical structure judgment is performed; (2) If the hierarchical structure is triggered: the system analyzes the tree-like hierarchical structure of the scene and determines the target level, i.e., the user drills down from the "machine room" level -> "cabinet" level -> "equipment" level -> "subrack" level -> "slot" level -> "port" level; if the hierarchical structure is not triggered, the view cone judgment is performed; (3) If the view cone judgment is triggered: the system calculates based on the camera's view cone and performs collision detection with the bounding box of the three-dimensional model in the scene to accurately determine the current visible area range; if the view cone judgment is not triggered, the interactive behavior judgment is performed; (4) If the interactive behavior is triggered: the system determines the specific interactive behavior (clicking on the device) and its associated object, i.e., the device model being clicked and its detailed information panel; if the interactive behavior is not triggered, the process ends.

[0036] c. Parallel processing of resource loading and unloading; After determining the target resource, the system will simultaneously perform two operations: (1) Load resources: according to the judgment result, request and load the model resources in the determined area, target level, view cone range, or associated with the interactive behavior from the intelligent operation and maintenance server; (2) Unload resources: at the same time, the system will identify and actively unload the model resources that are no longer needed: i. Models of other areas not in the current area; ii. Redundant models of non-target levels; iii. Models outside the current view cone range; iv. Models unrelated to the current interactive behavior; (3) Final rendering: After the completion of this round of resource loading and unloading, the system instructs the Web3D rendering engine to perform scene rendering, presenting the latest and most necessary models to the user, and the process ends.

[0037] As Figure 3 shown: external communication subsystem device state data binding and twin synchronization diagram; a. After the process starts, first determine and obtain the way of external communication subsystem device state data. The system follows a decision logic: Method one: receive external communication subsystem device active reporting. If the system receives real-time state data initiated by the physical device, this data stream is used, and if this condition is not met, active acquisition is performed at a set time interval; Method two: active acquisition at a set time interval. If active reporting is not triggered, the system will act as a client and initiate a query to the external communication subsystem device according to the pre-set time strategy (e.g. every 5 seconds) to actively pull the latest state data. If this condition is not met, the process ends.

[0038] b. After successfully obtaining the external communication subsystem device state data, the system performs data and model binding operations. Regardless of the way the data is obtained, it will be sent to the digital twin engine. The engine finds the corresponding digital twin model in the virtual scene according to the device unique identifier (device, subrack, slot, port information) carried in the data packet.

[0039] c. After binding, the system performs state change judgment. The engine compares the newly received external communication subsystem device state data with the current state recorded by the twin model to determine whether the running state, performance indicators, or alarm information of the external communication subsystem device have changed.

[0040] d. According to the change judgment result, different synchronization strategies are executed: (1) If the data has changed: the system will drive and update the corresponding visual attributes or data panels in the digital twin model according to the changed content. The model color of the faulty external communication subsystem device will change to red and flash, and its latest CPU utilization will be updated in the information panel. This achieves precise and real-time synchronization of physical world changes to virtual space; (2) If the data has not changed: the system maintains the current display state of the digital twin model without any update operation, thereby saving computing resources.

[0041] e. The process ends and waits for the next data acquisition and synchronization cycle.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent operation and maintenance of rail transit communication equipment rooms based on digital twins, characterized in that: This system is based on an intelligent operation and maintenance (O&M) server and an intelligent O&M client. The intelligent O&M server includes a data acquisition module, a 3D modeling module, a digital twin engine module, and a database module. The intelligent O&M client includes a dynamic loading and scheduling module, a real-time data binding module, and a visualization and interaction module. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: The intelligent operation and maintenance client's visualization interaction module starts when the user accesses the system URL through a browser. The visualization interaction module requests basic data such as site information, data center information, and external communication subsystem equipment information from the intelligent operation and maintenance server's database module. The basic data is then handed over to the intelligent operation and maintenance client's dynamic loading and scheduling module. Based on the user's initial perspective, the dynamic loading and scheduling module requests the required model resources from the intelligent operation and maintenance server's 3D modeling module. After obtaining the corresponding model resources, the dynamic loading and scheduling module hands them over to the visualization interaction module for 3D rendering. Step 2: The data acquisition module uses an IoT gateway to continuously collect multi-source heterogeneous data from external communication subsystem devices. After parsing the collected data through multiple protocol interfaces such as COBRA, SNMP, Modbus, and HTTP, it sends the data to the digital twin engine module. The digital twin engine module maps the received data from the external communication subsystem devices to the corresponding 3D model in the virtual world according to preset rules, updates the current state of the digital twin, and stores historical data in the database module. Step 3: The digital twin engine module sends real-time data to the real-time data binding module of the intelligent operation and maintenance client via WebSocket communication. After receiving the real-time data and parsing the data packet, the real-time data binding module locates the corresponding model object in the rendered 3D scene according to the device, subrack, slot, and port identifiers in the data, and drives the status update, information mounting, and alarm location of the 3D model. Step 4: The visualization interaction module captures the user's interaction with the 3D scene, generates instructions, and sends the instructions to the digital twin engine module via API requests. This module verifies and processes the instructions. For query requests, it directly returns relevant information. For control commands, it sends control instructions to the communication subsystem device through the data acquisition module. After the communication subsystem device executes the operation, its state changes are recaptured by the data acquisition module and re-enter the digital twin engine module to send the updated real-time data of the digital twin to the real-time data binding module of the intelligent operation and maintenance client for 3D rendering and display on the interface. Step 5: The 3D modeling module creates, optimizes, and hierarchically organizes the 3D model, and stores the generated lightweight model file on the intelligent operation and maintenance server for download by the dynamic loading and scheduling module of the intelligent operation and maintenance client.

2. The intelligent operation and maintenance method for rail transit communication equipment rooms based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 3D modeling module uses GLB / GLTF 2.0 format for its 3D model resources, combined with Draco compression format and supporting LOD switching. It is divided into a six-level structure: room, cabinet, equipment, subrack, board, and port. Based on the distance between the model and the camera, it switches between models of different precision to optimize loading performance.

3. The intelligent operation and maintenance method for rail transit communication equipment rooms based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core of the digital twin engine module lies in a hierarchical, scalable, unified twin data model. This model adopts an object-oriented design approach, defining a device base class containing common attributes. This base class includes a unique identifier, physical asset identifier, name, type, model ID, status, parent device ID, location information, and business attributes. Based on this base class, specific twin classes for data centers, cabinets, devices, subracks, slots, and ports are derived. Each twin class extends its unique set of attributes; the data center twin extends environmental monitoring attributes; the cabinet twin extends power and space attributes; the device twin extends computing resource attributes; the slot twin extends board status attributes; and the port twin extends network attributes. The unified twin data model maintains a complete containment hierarchy tree from the data center to the port through the parentId and children list.

4. The intelligent operation and maintenance method for rail transit communication equipment rooms based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic loading and scheduling module continuously monitors three triggering conditions: (1) User operations, including clicking and dragging; (2) Changes in the field of view, including camera movement, rotation, and zoom; (3) Status changes occur, including alarm triggering and device status updates; When any condition is triggered, the system first determines whether it is a user operation; if so, it enters the corresponding decision branch to identify the resource target to be loaded; if not, the system will further determine whether it is triggered by a change in the field of view; if so, it enters the corresponding decision branch to identify the resource target to be loaded; if not, the system will further determine whether it is triggered by a change in state; if so, it enters the corresponding decision branch to identify the resource target to be loaded; if not, the current process ends. When any of the above conditions is triggered, the system will enter a decision branch to determine the specific trigger type and identify the resource target that needs to be loaded accordingly: (1) If the area division is triggered: the system identifies and determines the specific physical or logical area to which the user's current operation is directed, i.e. a specific computer room or cabinet. If the area division is not triggered, the hierarchical structure is judged. (2) If the hierarchical structure is triggered: the system analyzes the tree-like hierarchical structure of the scene and determines the target level, that is, the user initiates the focusing operation from the "computer room" level → "rack" level → "equipment" level → "subrack" level → "slot" level → "port" level, from the upper level to the lower level in sequence until the target level is located. If the hierarchical structure is not triggered, the view frustum judgment is performed. (3) If the view frustum judgment is triggered: the system calculates based on the view frustum of the camera and performs collision detection with the bounding box of the 3D model in the scene to accurately determine the current visible area. If the view frustum judgment is not triggered, the interactive behavior judgment is performed. (4) If triggered by an interactive behavior: the system determines the specific interactive behavior and its associated object, namely the clicked device model and its detailed information panel. If the interactive behavior is not triggered, the process ends. After the target resource is identified, the system will perform two operations simultaneously: (1) Loading resources: Based on the judgment result, request and load model resources from the determined area, target level, view frustum or related to the interactive behavior from the intelligent operation and maintenance server; (2) Unload resources: At the same time, the system will identify and actively unload model resources that are no longer needed: i. Models in other regions not currently in use; ii. Redundant models at non-target levels; iii. Models located outside the current view frustum; iv. Models unrelated to the current interaction behavior; After completing the loading and unloading of resources in this round, the system instructs the Web3D rendering engine to execute scene rendering and present the latest model to the user.

5. The intelligent operation and maintenance method for rail transit communication equipment rooms based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visualization interaction module includes 3D rendering and human-computer interaction components. The 3D rendering implements an on-demand dynamic loading rendering method. 3D rendering is performed when the rendering rules are met; otherwise, the rendering loop stops. On-demand rendering rules include successful model loading, mouse click, double click, right-click events, window changes, element size changes, switching perspectives, clearing the scene, and using smooth animation effects. The human-computer interaction component allows users to perform operations such as left-click dragging, moving, scaling, double-clicking to open a door, and right-clicking to close a door.

6. A smart operation and maintenance system for rail transit communication equipment rooms based on digital twins, characterized in that: The system consists of two parts: an intelligent operation and maintenance client and an intelligent operation and maintenance server. Several intelligent operation and maintenance clients are connected to the intelligent operation and maintenance server via network cables and switches, and the two communicate with each other through WebSocket and HTTP.

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