Patch mutual-coupling-removing antenna based on full-wave-band resonator

Abstract

The invention discloses a patch mutual-coupling-removing antenna based on a full-wave-band resonator. The patch mutual-coupling-removing antenna comprises two upper-layer metal patches, a middle-layer metal patch, two layers of dielectric substrates, a bottom-layer metal grounding surface and two metal probes. The two upper-layer metal patches are of rectangular structures with the same size and are arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate side by side left and right; the middle-layer metal patch is positioned between the two layers of dielectric substrates; the bottom-layer metal ground plane is located on the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric substrate, and the two metal probes are connected with the middle-layer metal patch; wherein the middle-layer metal patch forms a strip-shaped resonator. A constant-amplitude and anti-phase electric field exists between the upper-layer metal patch and the middle-layer band-shaped resonator, and the position of a feed port is regulated and controlled to enable the feed port to fall at a weak field region, so that port decoupling can be realized. And meanwhile, the band-shaped resonator only prolongs the propagation path in the vertical direction, so that the beam width of the antenna can be expanded without adding an additional parasitic unit, and the directional diagram of the antenna is not influenced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a wireless communication device, in particular to a patch decoupling antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] Patch antennas are widely used in microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands due to their simple structure, small planar size, and mature manufacturing process. When multiple patch antennas form a multi-element patch antenna array, the channel capacity and signal transmission reliability can be improved, which is beneficial to efficient use of spectrum resources. At the same time, the spacing between patch antenna elements determines the overall size of the multi-element patch antenna array, and a closely arranged multi-element patch antenna array is conducive to the miniaturization of wireless devices. However, the mutual coupling between antenna elements usually worsens as the element spacing decreases, leading to deterioration of the radiation performance of the antenna array and the system channel capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a closely arranged decoupling patch antenna.

[0003] Existing patch antenna decoupling techniques mostly correspond to an element spacing of 0.1λ0-0.3λ0, λ0 being the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency. When the element spacing is further reduced to a close arrangement (<0.05λ0), the decoupling function fails, the size is too large to be placed, and other reasons cannot be realized. There are three methods that can be applied to closely arranged patch antenna decoupling. The first method is to add a coplanar electromagnetic bandgap periodic structure around the patch antenna element or to add a metasurface periodic structure on the upper layer. The second method is to load a lumped parameter inductor element across the patch antenna elements. The third method is to combine an additional decoupling network in the feed network.

[0004] The above three methods not only require additional antenna parasitic structures, elements or networks, but also complicate the structure of the antenna. Moreover, these methods mostly increase additional propagation paths, which will affect the antenna pattern to some extent. Generally, when an antenna forms an array, its beam width will generally be narrowed, and if it is necessary to widen the beam width, additional parasitic elements are generally needed, which will further increase the size and complexity of the antenna. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to solve the above problems in the prior art and provides a patch decoupling antenna based on a whole waveguide resonator, which has a simple structure, a wide beam, and a closely arranged patch decoupling antenna.

[0006] Technical solution: A patch decoupling antenna based on a whole wave strip resonator, comprising two upper layer metal patches, a middle layer metal patch, two layers of dielectric substrates, a bottom layer metal ground plane and two metal probes; the two upper layer metal patches are rectangular structures with the same size, arranged side by side on the upper surface of the upper layer dielectric substrate; the middle layer metal patch is located between the two layers of dielectric substrates; the bottom layer metal ground plane is located on the lower surface of the lower layer dielectric substrate, and the inner conductors of the two metal probes are connected with the middle layer metal patch in sequence after passing through the bottom layer metal ground plane and the lower layer dielectric substrate; wherein the middle layer metal patch constitutes a strip resonator.

[0007] Further, the length of the upper layer metal patch is between 0.29λ0~0.30λ0, and the width is between 0.25λ0~0.26λ0, wherein λ0 is the air wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.

[0008] Further, the length of the middle layer metal patch is between 0.39λ0~0.40λ0, and the width is between 0.02λ0~0.03λ0.

[0009] Further, the distance between the two metal probes forming the feeding port is between 0.19λ0~0.20λ0.

[0010] Further, when the antenna is working, a complete wavelength is generated on the middle layer metal patch, and there is a place with equal amplitude and opposite phase between the upper layer metal patch and the strip resonator, the distance between the two upper layer metal patches and the position of the feeding port are adjusted to make the receiving port located in the weak field region generated by the equal amplitude and opposite phase electric field, thereby realizing port decoupling.

[0011] Beneficial effect: The existing patch antenna decoupling technology mostly needs to increase additional propagation paths for decoupling, which will cause the pattern to deviate, and if you want to increase the beam width, you must increase the parasitic elements, and it is very complex to meet both requirements. The key point of the present application is that there is a place with equal amplitude and opposite phase between the upper layer metal patch and the middle layer strip resonator, and the position of the feeding port is adjusted to fall in the weak field region to realize port decoupling. At the same time, because the strip resonator only extends the vertical propagation path, it is not necessary to increase additional parasitic elements to widen the beam width of the antenna and will not affect the antenna pattern. Finally, a patch decoupling antenna based on a whole wave strip resonator with simple structure, wide beam, no influence on the pattern and no additional loss is realized.

[0012] Specifically, the selected strip resonator is a metal strip with a length of three-quarters of the electrical wavelength. This strip can excite a complete cycle of electric field. On the half side of the corresponding receiving port, there is a half cycle of electric field on the strip resonator, and the upper metal patch is only excited to generate an upward electric field. Therefore, there must be a point on the upper metal patch and the strip resonator that is equal in amplitude and opposite in phase to the other. By adjusting the spacing of the upper metal patch and the position of the feed port, the receiving port is located in the weak field region generated by the mutual cancellation of these two points after they coincide, thus achieving port decoupling.

[0013] The structure of first exciting the strip resonator at the feed port and then simultaneously coupling the two upper metal patches does not increase the propagation path in the horizontal plane, so it will not cause unnecessary interference to the antenna pattern. At the same time, because the propagation path in the vertical plane is extended, the beamwidth of the antenna can be effectively widened. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the upper metal patch distribution structure of the patch decoupling antenna in an embodiment. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the intermediate layer metal patch of the patch decoupling antenna in the embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the patch decoupling antenna in an embodiment. Figure 4 The following are the S-parameter simulation results for the patch decoupling antenna in the example embodiment; Figure 5 The simulation results of the gain and efficiency of the patch decoupling antenna in the example are shown. Figure 6 The simulation results show the radiation pattern of the patch decoupling antenna in the example. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The invention will now be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a patch decoupling antenna based on a full-wave strip resonator consists of two upper metal patches 3, a middle metal patch 2, two dielectric substrates, a bottom metal ground plane 5, and two metal probes 6.

[0017] Two upper metal patches 3 are rectangular structures of the same size, arranged side by side on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 41; the middle metal patch 2 is located between the two dielectric substrates; the bottom metal ground plane 5 is located on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 42, and the inner conductors of the two metal probes 6 pass through the bottom metal ground plane 5 and the lower dielectric substrate 42 in sequence before connecting to the middle metal patch 2. The antenna structure is symmetrical about the vertical plane.

[0018] The length of the upper metal patch 3 is between 0.29λ0 and 0.30λ0, which corresponds to approximately 0.75λ. g Where λ0 is the air wavelength corresponding to the center frequency, λ g The wavelength corresponds to the center frequency; the width is between 0.25λ0 and 0.26λ0, and the distance between the two patches is between 0.02λ0 and 0.03λ0.

[0019] The length of the intermediate metal patch 2 is between 0.39λ0 and 0.40λ0, and the width is between 0.02λ0 and 0.03λ0.

[0020] The distance between the two metal probes 6 forming the power supply ports 1 is between 0.19λ0 and 0.20λ0.

[0021] In the above structure, the middle metal patch 2 constitutes a strip resonator, which corresponds to the upper metal patch 3, which serves as the signal radiation unit, above and is connected to the metal probe 6 below. It is the core conduction and resonance carrier for the signal to be coupled from the feed port to the upper radiation patch.

[0022] For this antenna structure, when the antenna is operating, one feed port 1 serves as the signal input port, and the other feed port 1 serves as the signal receiving port. The signal is fed into the intermediate metal patch 2 through the metal probe 6 and then coupled to the upper metal patch 3 for radiation. The upper metal patch 3 at the receiving port generates an upward electric field through the intermediate metal patch 2. The length of the intermediate metal patch 2 is approximately 0.75λ. g A complete wavelength can be generated on the patch. An electric field is generated from the inside out and from top to bottom on the half of the middle metal patch 2 corresponding to the receiving port. Therefore, there is a turning point in the electric field from upward to downward on the middle metal patch 2. Extending outward from this point, there is a downward electric field with the same amplitude and opposite phase to the upward electric field on the upper metal patch 3. The downward and upward electric fields cancel each other out, creating a small weak field region. By moving the position of the feed port so that the receiving port is exactly in this weak field region, port decoupling can be achieved naturally. When using a strip resonator, compared with the traditional feeding method, the vertical propagation path is extended rather than the horizontal propagation path is increased. Therefore, the structure proposed in this invention can not only widen the beamwidth but also does not significantly affect the antenna pattern.

[0023] by Figure 3 The cross-section shown is a reference plane, with the symmetrical point along the X-axis in the figure taken as the midpoint. "From inside to outside" refers to extending from the antenna midpoint towards the positive X-axis; "upward" refers to the positive Z-axis direction; and "downward" refers to the negative Z-axis direction. The "turning point from upward to downward" means that the generated electric field is in the positive Z-axis direction near the midpoint, and gradually changes direction towards the negative Z-axis direction as it extends towards the positive X-axis.

[0024] In the present application, it is most important to match the distance between the two upper metal patches 3 and the position of the feed port 1. Whether the receiving port can accurately fall in the weak field region after mutual cancellation directly affects the existence of the decoupling effect. The width of the middle layer metal patch 2 cannot be too wide. If it is too wide, it will cause the strip resonator to become a sheet resonator, affecting the shape of the electric field generated, thereby affecting the final decoupling effect. The length of the upper layer metal patch 3 mainly affects the matching, and at the same time can affect the position of the resonant point and the mutual coupling zero point to different degrees. In the later stage, the frequency position of the resonant point and the mutual coupling zero point can be adjusted within the acceptable range of matching to make them coincide.

[0025] The medium substrate used in the present embodiment is RO4003C, and the thickness is 0.01λ0. The simulation results of the matching of the patch decoupling antenna of the present embodiment are shown in Figure 4 , the simulation results of the antenna efficiency and gain are shown in Figure 5 , and the radiation pattern is shown in Figure 6 . The present embodiment works at 3.5GHz, the 10dB matching bandwidth is 0.5%, the maximum operating gain is 6.35dBi, the beam width is 116.1 degrees, and the highest isolation is -38dB.

[0026] Compared with the existing patch antenna decoupling technology, the patch decoupling antenna based on the whole strip resonator proposed in the present application can avoid the influence of the horizontal plane on the antenna pattern caused by the increase of the propagation path in the traditional method, and can widen the beam without increasing additional structures. It has the advantages of simple structure, wide beam, no influence on the pattern, and no additional loss.

[0027] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A patch detuned antenna based on a full-wave strip resonator, characterized in that, The antenna comprises two upper metal patches (3), a middle metal patch (2), two dielectric substrates, a bottom metal ground plane (5) and two metal probes (6); The two upper metal patches (3) are rectangular structures with the same size and are arranged side by side on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate (41); The middle metal patch (2) is located between the two dielectric substrates; the bottom metal ground plane (5) is located on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate (42), and the inner conductors of the two metal probes (6) are connected to the middle metal patch (2) after passing through the bottom metal ground plane (5) and the lower dielectric substrate (42) in sequence; wherein the middle metal patch (2) constitutes a stripline resonator.

2. The patch detnnterogation antenna of claim 1, wherein The length of the upper metal patch (3) is between 0.29λ0 and 0.30λ0, and the width is between 0.25λ0 and 0.26λ0, wherein λ0 is the air wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.

3. The patch demutual antenna of claim 2, wherein, The length of the middle metal patch (2) is between 0.39λ0 and 0.40λ0, and the width is between 0.02λ0 and 0.03λ0.

4. The patch demutual antenna of claim 3, wherein, The distance between the two metal probes (6) forming the feeding port (1) is between 0.19λ0 and 0.20λ0.

5. The patch demutual antenna according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, When the antenna is working, a complete wavelength is generated on the middle metal patch (2), and there is a place of equal-amplitude and opposite-phase electric field between the upper metal patch (3) and the stripline resonator. By adjusting the distance between the two upper metal patches (3) and the position of the feeding port (1), the receiving port is located in the weak field region generated after the equal-amplitude and opposite-phase electric fields cancel each other out, thereby realizing port decoupling.

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