Monochamus alternatus adult artificial feed as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biological feed processing and application, and discloses an artificial feed for monochamus alternatus adult beetles as well as a preparation method and application of the artificial feed. The artificial feed provided by the invention can ensure that the adult monochamus alternatus hope has longer survival time and higher survival rate under the condition of not using a large number of fresh pine branches; meanwhile, by adding the female moth powder and the goose egg yolk powder, lecithin and other components can be introduced, the sexual maturity time of the adult monochamus alternatus can be remarkably shortened, the egg laying amount of the adult monochamus alternatus can be increased, and the breeding efficiency of the adult monochamus alternatus can be remarkably improved; in addition, the components in the artificial feed are reasonably matched, and the problem of feed hardening caused by addition of high wood chips is effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biological feed processing and application technology, specifically to an artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The pine sawyer beetle, also known as the pine sawyer longhorn beetle or pine sawyer, belongs to the genus *Spodoptera* of the subfamily Cerambycinae in the family Cerambycidae of the order Coleoptera. As a trunk-boring pest of pine trees, the pine sawyer beetle can cause pine trees to die when its population density is high. Not only do the pine sawyer beetle itself damage pine trees by boring its larvae into them, but the adults can also carry and spread pine wilt nematodes, causing large numbers of pine trees to wilt and die. Currently, pine wilt nematode disease, primarily vectored by the pine sawyer beetle and transmitted by insects, has become one of the most serious forest pests and diseases.

[0003] Pine wilt disease affects a wide area, kills many pine trees, and directly or indirectly causes substantial economic losses and severe ecological damage. Therefore, controlling the rapid spread of pine wilt disease and preventing its enormous losses is an urgent task for protecting the ecological security of pine forests and ensuring forestry production. Pine wilt nematodes cannot spread autonomously; their natural dispersal relies on vector insects. The pine sawyer beetle is the primary vector for pine wilt nematodes; once it emerges from its larvae, it can readily spread the nematode. Therefore, revealing the behavioral patterns and underlying mechanisms by which the pine sawyer beetle carries and transmits pine wilt nematodes is crucial for blocking the spread of pine wilt disease.

[0004] The pine sawyer beetle typically reproduces only one to two generations per year in the wild, which is insufficient for practical research needs. Only artificial rearing can provide test specimens of all developmental stages of the pine sawyer beetle regardless of season, weather, or time, thus meeting the requirements of actual research. Before reaching sexual maturity, the pine sawyer beetle usually feeds on the tender branches of pine trees to supplement its nutrition. Supplementing its nutrition effectively enhances its reproductive capacity and lifespan, while also shortening the time to sexual maturity.

[0005] The current method of rearing adult pine sawyer beetles mainly involves collecting large quantities of fresh pine branches for feeding. However, adult pine sawyer beetles only consume a small portion of the bark from these branches, discarding the rest. Furthermore, pine branches easily dry out, causing the beetles to stop feeding. Therefore, in indoor rearing of pine sawyer beetles, the inability to guarantee a large supply of fresh pine branches often leads to problems such as short survival time, low survival rate, and low egg production among adult beetles. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides an artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles, its preparation method and application, to solve the problems of short survival time, low survival rate and low egg production caused by insufficient supply of fresh pine branches when raising pine sawyer beetles indoors.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles, which, by weight percentage, comprises the following components:

[0008] 5%–7% of pine bark powder, 10%–13% of pine twig powder, 3%–5% of goose egg yolk powder, 1%–2% of female moth powder, 6%–9% of wheat germ, 2%–4% of sucrose, 0.5%–1% of choline chloride, 0.5%–1% of ascorbic acid, 4%–5% of agar, and 53%–68% of water.

[0009] In one alternative embodiment, the artificial feed comprises, by weight percentage, the following components:

[0010] 5% pine bark powder, 10% pine twig powder, 3% goose egg yolk powder, 1% female moth powder, 6% wheat germ, 2% sucrose, 0.5% choline chloride, 0.5% ascorbic acid, 4% agar, and 68% water.

[0011] In another alternative embodiment, the artificial feed comprises the following components, expressed as a weight percentage:

[0012] The ingredients are: 6% pine bark powder, 11.5% pine twig powder, 4% goose egg yolk powder, 1.5% female moth powder, 7.5% wheat germ, 3% sucrose, 0.75% choline chloride, 0.75% ascorbic acid, 4.5% agar, and 60.5% water.

[0013] In another alternative embodiment, the artificial feed comprises the following components, expressed as a weight percentage:

[0014] 7% pine bark powder, 13% pine twig powder, 5% goose egg yolk powder, 2% female moth powder, 9% wheat germ, 4% sucrose, 1% choline chloride, 1% ascorbic acid, 5% agar, and 53% water.

[0015] In one optional embodiment, the pine bark powder is a dried powder of the bark of a pine tree trunk with a diameter of not less than 5 cm.

[0016] The particle size of the pine bark powder is 50-100 mesh.

[0017] The trunk of the pine tree can be either the main trunk or a branch of the pine tree, as long as its diameter meets the requirements, it can be used to prepare the above-mentioned pine bark powder.

[0018] In one optional embodiment, the preparation process of the pine bark powder includes:

[0019] Take the bark of Pinus tabuliformis and dry it at a temperature of 70-80℃ to obtain dried Pinus tabuliformis bark;

[0020] The dried pine bark is crushed and the crushed product with a particle size of 50-100 mesh is collected.

[0021] In one optional embodiment, the pine twig powder is a dried powder of 1-2 year old pine twigs.

[0022] The particle size of the pine twig powder is 50-100 mesh.

[0023] In one optional embodiment, the preparation process of the pine twig powder includes:

[0024] Take tender branches of Pinus tabuliformis, remove the leaves, and dry them at a temperature of 70-80℃ to obtain dried tender branches of Pinus tabuliformis.

[0025] The dried pine twigs are crushed and the crushed product with a particle size of 50-100 mesh is collected.

[0026] In one alternative embodiment, the female moth powder is a dried powder of adult female tussah silkworms;

[0027] The particle size of the female moth powder is 150-300 mesh.

[0028] In one optional embodiment, the preparation process of the female moth powder includes:

[0029] Take female adult tussah silkworms, remove their wings and break them up to obtain the broken product of female moths;

[0030] Take the broken product of the female moth, add water and wash it to obtain the washed product;

[0031] The washing product is dried at a temperature of 50-70°C to obtain a dried product;

[0032] The dried product is pulverized and the pulverized product with a particle size of 150-300 mesh is collected.

[0033] In one optional embodiment, the preparation process of the goose egg yolk powder includes:

[0034] Take cooked goose egg yolks, freeze-dry them, crush them, and collect the crushed products with a particle size of 100-200 mesh.

[0035] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned artificial feed, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Mix water and agar, and completely dissolve the agar to obtain the first material;

[0037] Wheat germ, sucrose, choline chloride and ascorbic acid are mixed and added to the first material, stirred and heated to boiling to obtain the second material.

[0038] Mix sterilized pine bark powder, sterilized pine twig powder, goose egg yolk powder, and female moth powder, and add them to the second material that has been cooled to 50-60°C. Stir well and cool to room temperature for later use.

[0039] Thirdly, this application provides the application of the aforementioned artificial feed in the rearing of adult pine sawyer beetles.

[0040] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0041] The artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles provided by this invention includes pine bark powder, pine twig powder, goose egg yolk powder, female moth powder, wheat germ, sucrose, choline chloride, ascorbic acid, agar, and water. Among them, pine twig powder is the main component for supplementing the nutrition of adult pine sawyer beetles, pine bark powder is the main component that pine sawyer beetles consume during the egg-laying process, goose egg yolk powder and female moth powder are rich in lecithin, which is an important component for promoting the development of the reproductive system of pine sawyer beetles, and germ, sucrose, choline chloride, and ascorbic acid are used to supplement the vitamins and nutrients required for the development of adult pine sawyer beetles, and agar can ensure the water retention rate and humidity of the feed.

[0042] Therefore, the artificial feed provided by this invention can ensure that pine sawyer beetle adults have a longer survival time and a higher survival rate without the need for a large amount of fresh pine branches. At the same time, the addition of female moth powder and goose egg yolk powder can introduce components such as lecithin, which can significantly shorten the sexual maturity time of pine sawyer beetle adults and increase their egg production, thus significantly improving their reproductive efficiency. In addition, the components in this artificial feed are reasonably matched, effectively avoiding the problem of feed hardening caused by the addition of high sawdust.

[0043] Specifically, the artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles provided by this invention can advance the sexual maturity time of female pine sawyer beetles by at least 4 days, increase the number of eggs laid by females by about 2 times, achieve a survival rate of over 93% for adult pine sawyer beetles, and extend their survival time by about 20-24 days. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following embodiments are provided to better understand the present invention and are not limited to the preferred embodiments described. They do not constitute a limitation on the content and scope of protection of the present invention. Any product that is the same as or similar to the present invention, derived by any person under the guidance of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with other prior art, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] For experiments not specifically described in the examples, the procedures or conditions should be followed according to the conventional experimental procedures described in the literature in this field. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional reagent products.

[0046] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0047] The pine bark powder used in this embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following method:

[0048] Collect branches or trunks of Pinus tabuliformis with a diameter >5cm and remove the bark; place the removed bark in an oven at 70-80℃ and dry for 12 hours; put the dried bark into a 50-100 mesh ultrafine crusher for crushing, collect the crushed product in a self-sealing bag and store it in a dry and clean place to obtain Pinus tabuliformis bark powder.

[0049] The pine twig powder used in this embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following method:

[0050] Collect 1-2 year old tender branches of Pinus tabuliformis and remove the leaves; dry the tender branches in an oven at 70-80℃ for 12 hours; put the dried tender branches into a 50-100 mesh ultrafine crusher for crushing, and collect the crushed product in a self-sealing bag and store it in a dry and clean place to obtain 1-2 year old tender branch powder.

[0051] The goose egg yolk powder used in this embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following method:

[0052] After boiling the goose eggs, remove the yolks and freeze-dry them in a freeze dryer for 24 hours. Put the freeze-dried goose egg yolks into a mixer and crush them. Pass the crushed product through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain goose egg yolk powder, which is then collected for later use.

[0053] The female moth powder used in this embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following method:

[0054] Select mature female tussah silkworms, cut off their wings, crush them with a crusher, add twice the volume of purified water, remove impurities from the water surface, pour off most of the water, put the sediment into a 60℃ oven to dry for 48 hours, collect the solids, crush them and filter them through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain female moth powder.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] The formula for the artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles in this embodiment is as follows (by weight percentage): 5% pine bark powder, 10% powder of 1-2 year old pine twigs, 3% goose egg yolk powder, 1% female moth powder, 6% wheat germ, 2% sucrose, 0.5% choline chloride, 0.5% ascorbic acid, 4% agar, and 68% water.

[0057] Artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles in this embodiment was prepared according to the following method:

[0058] (1) Weigh each component raw material using a 0.01 g balance;

[0059] (2) Place the pine bark powder and the 1-2 year old pine tender branch powder into high temperature resistant sterilization bags, seal them tightly, and then put the sterilization bags into a high pressure sterilizer and sterilize them at 121℃ for 15 minutes. Take out the sterilization bags and let them cool and dry at room temperature to obtain sterilized pine bark powder and sterilized 1-2 year old pine tender branch powder.

[0060] (3) Add distilled water and agar to a flat-bottomed pan, then place the pan on an induction cooker and boil for 1-2 minutes to completely dissolve the agar and obtain the first material;

[0061] (4) Mix wheat germ, sucrose, choline chloride and ascorbic acid and stir evenly. Then add the evenly stirred mixture to the first material above and continue stirring. Heat to boiling for 2-3 minutes to obtain the second material.

[0062] (5) When the second material above has cooled to 55°C, stir the sterilized pine bark powder, the sterilized 1-2 year old pine twig powder, the goose egg yolk powder and the female moth powder evenly, and add them to the second material above and continue stirring for 1-2 minutes. After stirring evenly, pour it into a sterilized petri dish 1-2 cm high and let it cool naturally. Store it at 0-4°C to obtain the artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles in this embodiment.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] The artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles in this embodiment was prepared according to the method of Example 1. The difference is that the formula of the artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles in this embodiment is as follows (by weight percentage): 6% pine bark powder, 11.5% pine tender branch powder (1-2 years old), 4% goose egg yolk powder, 1.5% female moth powder, 7.5% wheat germ, 3% sucrose, 0.75% choline chloride, 0.75% ascorbic acid, 4.5% agar, and 60.5% water.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] The artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles in this embodiment was prepared according to the method of Example 1. The difference is that the formula of the artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles in this embodiment is as follows: by weight percentage, 7% pine bark powder, 13% pine twig powder (1-2 years old), 5% goose egg yolk powder, 2% female moth powder, 9% wheat germ, 4% sucrose, 1% choline chloride, 1% ascorbic acid, 5% agar, and 53% water.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] Artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles was prepared according to the method in Example 1, except that goose egg yolk powder was not added in this comparative example.

[0069] Comparative Example 2

[0070] Artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles was prepared according to the method in Example 1, except that no female moth powder was added in this comparative example.

[0071] Experimental Example 1

[0072] Three hundred pairs (half male and half female) of adult pine sawyer beetles that had not eaten for three days after emergence were divided into six groups of 50 pairs each, numbered S101-S103 and D101-D103. After distinguishing males from females, each adult beetle in each group was individually reared in a rearing box until sexual maturity. Groups S101-S103 were reared using the artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles prepared in Examples 1-3, groups D101 and D102 were reared using the artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively, and group D103 was reared using 1-2 year old pine shoots.

[0073] After reaching sexual maturity, each group of pine sawyer beetles was placed in the same rearing cage with one male and one female. They were then reared in an environment with a temperature of 25-30℃ and a humidity of 50-80%. The survival rate (the percentage of female adults surviving for more than 30 days after emergence) and survival time were recorded. Oviposition wood was placed in the rearing cage, and the wood was replaced every 10 days. The number of eggs laid was recorded, and the results are shown in Table 1. Specifically, groups S101-S103 were reared using the artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles prepared in Examples 1-3, combined with an appropriate amount of 1-2 year old pine twigs. The adult pine sawyer beetles in groups D101 and D102 were reared using the artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively, combined with an appropriate amount of 1-2 year old pine twigs. The adult pine sawyer beetles in group D103 were reared using only 1-2 year old pine twigs.

[0074] Table 1. Statistical results of survival rate, survival time and oviposition of adult pine sawyer beetles in each group. Group number feed Survival rate / % Survival time / d Egg production per egg S101 Example 1 92 a 61.00±2.28 a 90.20±3.03 a S102 Example 2 96 a 66.40±2.40 a 96.86±5.54 a S103 Example 3 94 a 65.62±2.53 a 104.00±5.96 a D101 Comparative Example 1 88 a 60.70±2.07 a 42.88±2.48 b D102 Comparative Example 2 90 a 58.68±2.54 a 41.40±2.66 b D103 1-2 year old tender branches of Pinus tabuliformis 68 b 41.84±2.07 b 42.88±2.48 b

[0075] Note: Lowercase letters after survival rate data indicate differences at the α=0.05 level as determined by the chi-square test; lowercase letters after survival time and egg production data indicate differences at the α=0.05 level as determined by the Tukey test in one-way ANOVA.

[0076] Experimental Example 2

[0077] Three hundred female *Pinus tabuliformis* adults that had not eaten for three days after emergence were divided into six groups of 50 each, numbered S201-S203 and D201-D203. Each female was individually reared in a rearing box. Groups S201-S203 were reared using the artificial feed prepared in Examples 1-3, groups D201 and D202 were reared using the artificial feed prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively, and group D203 was reared using 1-2 year old *Pinus tabuliformis* twigs. Starting from the 7th day after rearing began, five females were dissected daily to observe ovarian development and to determine the sexual maturity time of the females (based on the earliest appearance of mature eggs in the ovary). The results are shown in Table 2.

[0078] Table 2. Statistical results of sexual maturity time of female pine sawyer beetles in each group. Group number feed Sexual maturity time / d S201 Example 1 13 S202 Example 2 13 S203 Example 3 12 D201 Comparative Example 1 18 D202 Comparative Example 2 17 D203 1-2 year old tender branches of Pinus tabuliformis 17

[0079] As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2:

[0080] (1) Regarding the survival rate of female insects, the survival rates of the three experimental groups (S101-S103) using different artificial feed formulations were 92%, 96%, and 94%, respectively, all maintaining a high level. Among them, the survival rate of group S102 was the highest, reaching 96%, showing the best adult survival effect; groups S101 and S103 also exceeded 90%, indicating that the three artificial feed formulations could effectively meet the physiological needs of adults and ensure a high survival rate of individuals. In contrast, the survival rates of the comparative groups D101 and D102 were 88% and 90%, respectively. Although slightly lower than the experimental groups, they were still significantly higher than the D103 group (68%), which was only fed with natural pine tender branches. This indicates that the comparative formulation, which lacked key components (such as goose egg yolk powder or female moth powder), could still maintain the survival of adults to a certain extent, but its nutritional level was insufficient to achieve the best effect of the artificial feed in the experimental groups. Of particular note is the fact that the survival rate of group D103 was only 68%, far lower than any other artificial feed group. This indicates that using only 1-2 year old pine shoots as feed indoors may result in insufficient adult feed due to the shoots' tendency to dry and deteriorate, making them unsuitable for adult feeding. Consequently, the adult feed is insufficient to meet their survival needs, leading to a significant increase in adult mortality. The results show that the artificial feed provided by this invention can effectively improve the survival rate of female adult pine sawyer beetles, significantly reduce early mortality, and enhance the stability of the insect breeding process.

[0081] (2) Regarding the survival time of female insects, the experimental groups also showed a significant advantage. The average survival times of S101-S103 were 61.00±2.28 d, 66.40±2.40 d, and 65.62±2.53 d, respectively, with S102 group having the longest survival time at 66.40 days. The survival time of all experimental groups was significantly longer than that of the control groups D102 (58.68±2.54 d) and D103 (41.84±2.07 d). Although the survival time of the control group D101 (60.70±2.07 d) was slightly closer to that of S101 group, it was still shorter than that of the three experimental feed groups. In particular, D103, which was fed only with natural tender branches, had the lowest survival time (41.84 d). Overall, the artificial feed formula significantly prolonged the survival period of adults, laying the foundation for increasing egg production and reproductive success rate. This indicates that the artificial feed provided by the present invention has a significant advantage in extending the lifespan of female insects, enabling them to undergo a more complete sexual maturation process, thereby providing a longer effective time window for subsequent reproductive activities.

[0082] (3) In terms of egg production, the experimental group of female insects showed a more significant advantage. The average egg production of S101-S103 was 90.20±3.03, 96.86±5.54, and 104.00±5.96, respectively, with S103 group having the highest production, more than twice that of the control group. The egg production of D101 and D102 was only 42.88±2.48 and 41.40±2.66, respectively, while D103 had the same data as D101, at only 42.88±2.48, which was significantly lower than that of the experimental group. Statistical analysis results showed that the experimental group was significantly better than the control group, indicating that the artificial feed can effectively promote the development of female insect ovaries and improve their egg production capacity. It is worth noting that the artificial feed (S103) prepared in Example 3, due to its higher proportion of pine twig powder, goose egg yolk powder, and female moth powder, significantly increased egg production, indicating that its nutritional combination is most suitable for the reproductive needs of adult insects. This result demonstrates that the artificial feed provided by this invention can significantly enhance the reproductive potential of female insects, increasing their egg production by more than double compared to traditional methods, and thus significantly promoting efficient breeding.

[0083] (4) Regarding the time to sexual maturity, the experimental group females matured significantly faster than the control group. The sexual maturity time for S201-S203 was 12-13 days, while the control group (D201-D203) required 17-18 days. In particular, the S203 group had the shortest sexual maturity time, requiring only 12 days, indicating that its formula was most effective in promoting rapid ovarian development. The control group, lacking key nutrients (such as goose egg yolk powder or female moth powder) or relying solely on natural tender branches, had longer sexual maturity times, indicating that these missing components significantly promoted the sexual maturity of females. This result demonstrates that the artificial feed provided by this invention can significantly accelerate the females' entry into the reproductive state, shorten the breeding cycle, and improve overall breeding efficiency.

[0084] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An artificial feed for adult pine sawyer beetles, characterized in that, The artificial feed comprises the following components by weight percentage: 5%–7% of pine bark powder, 10%–13% of pine twig powder, 3%–5% of goose egg yolk powder, 1%–2% of female moth powder, 6%–9% of wheat germ, 2%–4% of sucrose, 0.5%–1% of choline chloride, 0.5%–1% of ascorbic acid, 4%–5% of agar, and 53%–68% of water.

2. The artificial feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pine bark powder is a dried powder made from the bark of a pine tree trunk with a diameter of not less than 5 cm. The particle size of the pine bark powder is 50-100 mesh.

3. The artificial feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation process of the pine bark powder includes: Take the bark of Pinus tabuliformis and dry it at a temperature of 70-80℃ to obtain dried Pinus tabuliformis bark; The dried pine bark is crushed and the crushed product with a particle size of 50-100 mesh is collected.

4. The artificial feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pine twig powder is a dried powder made from 1-2 year old pine twigs. The particle size of the pine twig powder is 50-100 mesh.

5. The artificial feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation process of the pine twig powder includes: Take tender branches of Pinus tabuliformis, remove the leaves, and dry them at a temperature of 70-80℃ to obtain dried tender branches of Pinus tabuliformis. The dried pine twigs are crushed and the crushed product with a particle size of 50-100 mesh is collected.

6. The artificial feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The female moth powder is the dried powder of adult female tussah silkworms; The particle size of the female moth powder is 150-300 mesh.

7. The artificial feed according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preparation process of the female moth powder includes: Take female adult tussah silkworms, remove their wings and break them up to obtain the broken product of female moths; Take the broken product of the female moth, add water and wash it to obtain the washed product; The washing product is dried at a temperature of 50-70°C to obtain a dried product; The dried product is pulverized and the pulverized product with a particle size of 150-300 mesh is collected.

8. The artificial feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation process of the goose egg yolk powder includes: Take cooked goose egg yolks, freeze-dry them, crush them, and collect the crushed products with a particle size of 100-200 mesh.

9. The method for preparing artificial feed according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Mix water and agar until the agar is completely dissolved to obtain the first material; Wheat germ, sucrose, choline chloride and ascorbic acid are mixed and added to the first material, stirred and heated to boiling to obtain the second material. Mix sterilized pine bark powder, sterilized pine twig powder, goose egg yolk powder, and female moth powder, and add them to the second material that has been cooled to 50-60°C. Stir well and cool to room temperature for later use.

10. The use of the artificial feed according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in the rearing of adult pine sawyer beetles.