Manufacturing method of high-protein cattle feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a manufacturing method of a high-protein cattle feed, and solves the problems of high cost and unbalanced amino acid spectrum caused by excessive dependence on a single protein source in the prior art. A manufacturing method of a high-protein cattle feed comprises the following steps: selecting at least one of soybean meal, fish meal and corn protein powder as a high-protein raw material, mixing the high-protein raw material with an energy source, a vitamin premix, a mineral premix and a moisture regulator, controlling the moisture to be 10-20%, inoculating lactic acid bacteria or saccharomycetes at the temperature of 30-40 DEG C and the pH value of 5.5-7.0, and fermenting for 24-72 hours to obtain the high-protein cattle feed. Granulating with the aperture of 3-6mm, forming under the pressure of 10-20MPa, and finally drying for 1-3 hours at the temperature of 50-70 DEG C until the water content is lower than 10%. Through scientific compounding of multi-element high-protein raw materials, the amino acid composition is effectively optimized, the raw material cost is reduced, and the protein utilization efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed processing technology, and in particular to a method for manufacturing high-protein cattle feed. Background Technology

[0002] Cattle feed manufacturing refers to the process of scientifically proportioning energy raw materials, protein sources, minerals, vitamins, and functional additives according to the nutritional needs of cattle at different growth stages (such as calves, fattening cattle, and lactating cattle), and processing them through processes such as mixing, conditioning, pelleting, or fermentation into palatable, easily digestible, and nutritionally balanced feed products. Protein, as a core nutrient for the construction of bovine tissues, milk synthesis, and the maintenance of immune function, directly determines the feeding effect of the feed due to its content and quality. Therefore, developing a method for manufacturing high-protein, highly digestible, stable, and safe cattle feed has become crucial for improving breeding efficiency, reducing feeding costs, and promoting the development of green animal husbandry.

[0003] Existing cattle feed manufacturing methods generally suffer from the following prominent problems: First, over-reliance on a single protein source (such as soybean meal or fishmeal) is not only costly but also makes it difficult to form an ideal amino acid profile due to the lack of diverse complementary sources. Second, the high-temperature and high-pressure granulation process is commonly used in the processing, which, while improving pellet hardness, easily leads to protein denaturation and loss of essential amino acids such as lysine, reducing its bioavailability. Third, the fermentation process is imperfect, with limited types of probiotics, insufficient addition, or crude control of fermentation conditions (such as temperature, pH, and time), which cannot effectively degrade anti-nutritional factors such as soybean antigenic protein and phytic acid, and also makes it difficult to fully hydrolyze large protein molecules into small peptides and free amino acids, thus limiting the efficient absorption of protein by cattle, especially calves whose rumen function is not yet fully developed.

[0004] Therefore, to address the shortcomings of existing technologies, we urgently need a method for manufacturing high-protein cattle feed to solve this problem. This novel manufacturing method should combine the scientific blending of multiple protein sources, a mild and efficient fermentation process, and precise heat treatment control to ensure high protein content while improving protein digestibility and bioactivity. Simultaneously, it should consider palatability, storage stability, and environmental friendliness, effectively reducing the content of anti-nutritional factors and harmful substance residues, improving feed utilization efficiency and economic benefits of livestock farming, and better meeting the production needs of modern beef and dairy cattle farming for high-quality, safe, and green high-protein feed, thus providing strong support for the high-quality development of animal husbandry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for manufacturing high-protein cattle feed, which solves the problem of excessive reliance on a single protein source in the prior art, which is not only costly, but also difficult to form an ideal amino acid profile due to the lack of multiple complementary sources.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for manufacturing high-protein cattle feed includes: First, selecting high-protein raw materials as the base components, wherein the high-protein raw materials include at least one of soybean meal, fish meal, and corn gluten meal, wherein the protein content of soybean meal is not less than 40%, the protein content of fish meal is not less than 50%, and the protein content of corn gluten meal is not less than 60%; Second, mixing the selected high-protein raw materials with auxiliary components, wherein the auxiliary components include an energy source, a vitamin premix, a mineral premix, and a moisture regulator, wherein the energy source is corn or wheat bran, the vitamin premix contains vitamins A, D, and E, the mineral premix contains calcium, phosphorus, and zinc, and the moisture regulator is water or glycerin, and the mixing process is controlled. The total moisture content is between 10% and 20%. Then, the mixed material is fermented under conditions including a temperature of 30-40℃ and a pH of 5.5-7.0, inoculated with probiotic strains, at least one of lactic acid bacteria or yeast, for 24-72 hours to promote protein decomposition and improve digestibility. Next, the fermented material is granulated using a granulator with a pore size of 3-6 mm and a granulation pressure of 10-20 MPa to form uniform particles. Finally, the particles are dried at 50-70℃ for 1-3 hours until the moisture content drops below 10%, yielding the high-protein cattle feed product.

[0007] Preferably, the high-protein raw materials are formulated as follows by weight percentage: soybean meal 30%-50%, fish meal 10%-20%, corn gluten meal 5%-15%, and also include other plant protein sources, namely at least one of peanut meal or rapeseed meal, accounting for 5%-10%, to ensure that the total protein content is not less than 35%; simultaneously, the auxiliary components are formulated as follows by weight percentage: energy source 20%-30%, vitamin premix 0.5%-1%, mineral premix 1%-2%, and moisture regulator as the balance; in the mixing step, a mechanical stirrer is used at a speed of 50- The mixture is stirred at 100 rpm for 10-30 minutes to ensure that the components are fully dispersed and combined. During fermentation, the inoculation amount of the probiotic strain is 0.1%-0.5% of the total weight of the material. The pH value and temperature are monitored regularly during fermentation. The pH is maintained by adding a buffer such as sodium bicarbonate. After fermentation, the number of live probiotics in the material is not less than 1×10^8 CFU / g. In the granulation step, a binder such as starch or lignin sulfonate is added at a rate of 1%-3% of the total weight of the material. The drying step uses a fluidized bed dryer or a drum dryer, with the air velocity controlled at 1-3 m / s.

[0008] Preferably, the fermentation process further includes the use of a compound probiotic strain, which consists of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of 1:1:0.5. During fermentation, sterile air is introduced at a flow rate of 0.1-0.5 cubic meters per minute. The fermentation container is a stainless steel fermentation tank with a volume of 1-10 cubic meters, equipped with a stirring device at a speed of 20-50 rpm. The fermentation time is preferably 48 hours, during which time samples are taken periodically to test the degree of protein decomposition, ensuring that the decomposition rate is not less than 15% by measuring the amino acid content. After fermentation, the material is cooled to room temperature (20-25°C). Before fermentation, the high-protein raw material is pretreated, including crushing to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm and sterilizing by steam treatment at 80-90°C for 10-20 minutes.

[0009] Preferably, the granulation process further includes adding functional additives before granulation. These functional additives include at least one of enzyme preparations, antioxidants, and flavorings. The enzyme preparation is protease or cellulase, added at 0.05%-0.1% of the total material weight; the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline or BHT, added at 0.01%-0.05%; the flavoring is vanilla extract or milk flavoring, added at 0.1%-0.5%. The granulator is a ring die granulator or a flat die granulator with a circular or elliptical die shape. The material temperature is controlled at 60-80℃ during granulation. After granulation, the particles are sieved with a screen aperture of 2-5 mm to remove fine powder and excessively large particles, ensuring a particle uniformity of over 90%. A coating agent, either vegetable oil or silica gel, is sprayed onto the particle surface at 0.5%-1% of the particle weight.

[0010] Preferably, the drying process employs a segmented drying method. The first stage of drying is carried out at 50-60℃ for 30-60 minutes, reducing the moisture content from 20% to 15%. The second stage of drying is carried out at 60-70℃ for 30-60 minutes, reducing the moisture content from 15% to below 10%. The drying equipment is a belt dryer or a vacuum dryer. During the drying process, the color and hardness of the particles are monitored to ensure that no cracking or discoloration occurs. After drying, the particles are cooled to room temperature (20-25℃) and then packaged in moisture-proof bags using a packaging machine. The packaging material is polyethylene or aluminum foil composite film. In addition, the manufacturing process includes a quality inspection step, which includes testing for protein content, moisture content, microbial indicators, and particle hardness. The protein content is determined by the Kjeldahl method to ensure it is not less than 35%, the moisture content is determined by the oven drying method to ensure it is not more than 10%, the microbial indicators require a total colony count of less than 1×10^4 CFU / g, and the particle hardness is determined by a hardness tester to ensure it is within the range of 5-10 kgf.

[0011] Preferably, the high-protein raw material also includes animal by-products, which are at least one of blood meal or feather meal, with a protein content of not less than 60%, and are added at 5%-10% of the total raw material weight. Simultaneously, in the mixing step, a buffer such as calcium carbonate or calcium dihydrogen phosphate is added at 0.5%-1% to adjust the pH value of the material and prevent clumping. In the fermentation process, an alternating anaerobic and aerobic fermentation mode is adopted, first anaerobic fermentation for 12-24 hours, then aerobic fermentation for 12-24 hours, achieved by controlling the aeration valve to simulate a natural digestive environment and improve the biological value of the protein. In the granulation step, the particle size is adjusted according to the age of the cattle; the particle diameter for fattening cattle is 4-6 mm, and for dairy cattle it is 3-5 mm, to optimize feed intake efficiency. After the drying step, ultraviolet sterilization is performed, with an irradiation intensity of 10-20 milliwatts per square centimeter for 5-10 minutes.

[0012] Preferably, the method further includes the application and evaluation steps of the finished feed product, wherein the prepared high-protein cattle feed is used for feeding trials on fattening cattle or dairy cattle for a feeding cycle of 30-90 days, with a daily feed intake of 2%-3% of body weight, and the cattle's weight gain, milk production, feed conversion rate and health status are monitored; compared with conventional feed, the feed produced by this method increases the average daily weight gain of cattle by 10%-15%, increases milk production by 5%-10%, increases feed conversion rate by 8%-12%, and reduces the rate of diarrhea in cattle by 5%-10%; in addition, the finished feed product is subjected to economic analysis, including raw material costs, energy consumption and output benefits, and the results show that the manufacturing cost of this method is 5%-10% lower than that of the traditional method, and the production efficiency is increased by 15%-20%.

[0013] This invention offers the following advantages: By combining various high-protein raw materials such as soybean meal, fish meal, and corn gluten meal, it achieves complementarity between plant-based and animal-based proteins, optimizes the ratio of essential amino acids, and enhances the overall nutritional value of the protein; addressing the problem of protein denaturation and lysine loss caused by high-temperature and high-pressure granulation, this invention introduces mild fermentation before granulation and controls the granulation pressure (10–20 MPa) and subsequently uses low-temperature drying at 50–70°C, effectively avoiding the damage to heat-sensitive amino acids caused by traditional high-heat processes and significantly preserving the biological activity of the protein; addressing the issue of "fermentation process..." Addressing the issues of "imperfect fermentation process, limited probiotic activity, and ineffective degradation of anti-nutritional factors," this invention explicitly defines the fermentation temperature (30–40℃), pH range (5.5–7.0), bacterial strain type (lactic acid bacteria / yeast), and fermentation time (24–72 hours) (step 3). This constructs a microenvironment conducive to the proliferation of probiotics and the secretion of proteases, thereby efficiently decomposing anti-nutritional factors such as soybean antigen protein and phytic acid, and converting some large protein molecules into small peptides and amino acids that are more easily absorbed by cattle (especially calves with underdeveloped rumen function), significantly improving digestibility. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the feed manufacturing method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Example

[0017] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of a method for manufacturing high-protein cattle feed includes: First, selecting high-protein raw materials as the base components, wherein the high-protein raw materials include at least one of soybean meal, fish meal, and corn gluten meal, wherein the protein content of soybean meal is not less than 40%, the protein content of fish meal is not less than 50%, and the protein content of corn gluten meal is not less than 60%; Second, mixing the selected high-protein raw materials with auxiliary components, wherein the auxiliary components include an energy source, a vitamin premix, a mineral premix, and a moisture regulator, wherein the energy source is corn or wheat bran, the vitamin premix contains vitamins A, D, and E, the mineral premix contains calcium, phosphorus, and zinc, and the moisture regulator is water or glycerin. During mixing, the total moisture content is controlled between 10% and 20%. Then, the mixed material is fermented under conditions including a temperature of 30-40℃ and a pH of 5.5-7.0, inoculation with probiotic strains (at least one of lactic acid bacteria or yeast), and a fermentation time of 24-72 hours to promote protein decomposition and improve digestibility. Next, the fermented material is granulated using a granulator with a pore size of 3-6 mm and a granulation pressure of 10-20 MPa to form uniform particles. Finally, the particles are dried at a temperature of 50-70℃ for 1-3 hours until the moisture content drops below 10%, yielding the high-protein cattle feed product.

[0018] First, soybean meal with a protein content of 45% and corn gluten meal with a protein content of 60% were selected as high-protein raw materials, and the proportions by weight were as follows: soybean meal 40%, corn gluten meal 10%, other ingredients including corn as an energy source 25%, vitamin premix (containing vitamins A, D, and E) 0.8%, mineral premix (containing calcium, phosphorus, and zinc) 1.5%, and moisture conditioner (water) as the balance. During mixing, a mechanical stirrer was used at 80 rpm for 20 minutes to ensure a total moisture content of 15%. Next, fermentation was carried out: the mixture was placed in a stainless steel fermentation tank and inoculated with a compound probiotic strain of lactic acid bacteria and yeast (weight ratio 1:1) at a rate of 0.3% of the total material weight. The temperature was controlled at 35℃ and the pH value at 6.0. Fermentation lasted for 48 hours, with regular stirring and pH monitoring during the process. After fermentation, the viable probiotic count reached 1.2 × 10^8 CFU / g. Next, granulation: starch (2% of the total material weight) was added as a binder, and granulation was performed using a ring die granulator at a pressure of 15 MPa, producing particles with a diameter of 4 mm. After granulation, unqualified particles were removed by sieving. Finally, drying: a staged drying process was used, with the first stage at 55°C for 40 minutes and the second stage at 65°C for 40 minutes, reducing the moisture content to 9%. The product was then cooled to room temperature and packaged. The feed obtained in this embodiment has a protein content of 38%. After feeding fattening cattle for 30 days, the average daily weight gain increased by 12%, the feed conversion rate increased by 10%, and the cattle maintained good health.

[0019] The workflow of a high-protein cattle feed manufacturing method of the present invention is as follows: First, based on the nutritional needs of the target cattle herd (such as calves, fattening cattle, or lactating cattle), high-protein raw materials are selected as the basic components (corresponding to step 1 of the technical solution). The high-protein raw materials include at least one of soybean meal, fish meal, and corn gluten meal, and their protein content is strictly limited—soybean meal not less than 40%, fish meal not less than 50%, and corn gluten meal not less than 60%—to ensure the high protein quality of the raw materials themselves. Second, the above-mentioned high-protein raw materials are thoroughly mixed with auxiliary components (corresponding to step 2). The auxiliary components include energy sources (corn or wheat bran), vitamin premix (containing vitamins A, D, and E), mineral premix (containing calcium, phosphorus, and zinc), and moisture regulators (water or glycerin). During the mixing process, the total moisture content is precisely controlled between 10% and 20% to provide suitable moisture for subsequent fermentation. The material is then subjected to directional fermentation (corresponding to step 3) in a controlled environment of 30–40°C and pH 5.5–7.0. Probiotic strains (at least one of lactic acid bacteria or yeast) are inoculated and fermented for 24–72 hours. This utilizes the metabolic activity of the microorganisms to degrade anti-nutritional factors and promote the hydrolysis of macromolecular proteins into small peptides and free amino acids. Next, the fermented material is fed into a pelletizer for forming (corresponding to step 4). Granulation is performed using a die with a pore size of 3–6 mm and a pressure of 10–20 MPa to form dense, uniformly sized particles, avoiding excessive thermal stress that could damage the protein structure. Finally, the wet particles are subjected to low-temperature drying (corresponding to step 5) at 50–70°C for 1–3 hours, reducing the moisture content of the final product to below 10%, resulting in a high-protein cattle feed product with good stability and easy storage and transportation. Example

[0020] Please see Figure 1As shown in this embodiment, a method for manufacturing high-protein cattle feed includes the following high-protein raw materials in the following weight percentages: soybean meal 30%-50%, fish meal 10%-20%, corn gluten meal 5%-15%, and other plant protein sources, namely at least one of peanut meal or rapeseed meal, accounting for 5%-10%, to ensure that the total protein content is not less than 35%; simultaneously, the auxiliary components in the following weight percentages are: energy source 20%-30%, vitamin premix 0.5%-1%, mineral premix 1%-2%, and moisture regulator as the remainder; in the mixing step... In the first step, a mechanical stirrer is used to uniformly mix the materials at a speed of 50-100 rpm for 10-30 minutes to ensure that the components are fully dispersed and combined. During fermentation, the inoculation amount of probiotic strains is 0.1%-0.5% of the total weight of the material. pH and temperature are monitored regularly during fermentation, and a buffer such as sodium bicarbonate is added to maintain pH stability. After fermentation, the viable probiotic count in the material is not less than 1×10^8 CFU / g. In the granulation step, a binder such as starch or lignin sulfonate is added at a rate of 1%-3% of the total weight of the material. The drying step uses a fluidized bed dryer or a drum dryer. The wind speed should be controlled at 1-3 m / s. Specifically, the high-protein raw materials should be formulated with soybean meal, fish meal, and corn gluten meal in a weight percentage ratio of 30%-50%, 10%-20%, and 5%-15%, respectively, supplemented with 5%-10% peanut meal or rapeseed meal. Auxiliary ingredients should include 20%-30% energy source, 0.5%-1% vitamin premix, 1%-2% mineral premix, and a moisture regulator to make up the remainder. During mixing, mechanical stirring at 50-100 rpm for 10-30 minutes should be used. The probiotic inoculation amount should be 0.1%-0.5%. Fermentation process should be monitored, and pH should be maintained with sodium bicarbonate. Granulation should include 1%-3% starch or lignin. Sulfonate binder; drying is carried out using a fluidized bed or drum dryer (air velocity 1-3 m / s). This setup ensures a total protein content of at least 35%, achieving scientific complementarity between various plant and animal protein sources and optimizing amino acid balance. Precise control of mixing parameters guarantees uniform dispersion of components, providing a stable substrate for subsequent fermentation. Limited probiotic inoculation and pH control mechanisms enhance fermentation stability and repeatability. The introduction of the binder strengthens the pellets, while specific drying equipment and air velocity control prevent nutrient loss due to localized overheating, thus improving formulation accuracy, process controllability, and the physical stability of the finished product.

[0021] The fermentation process also includes the use of a compound probiotic strain, which consists of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of 1:1:0.5. During fermentation, sterile air is introduced at a rate of 0.1-0.5 cubic meters per minute. The fermentation container is a stainless steel fermentation tank with a volume of 1-10 cubic meters, equipped with a stirring device at a speed of 20-50 rpm. The fermentation time is preferably 48 hours, during which time samples are periodically taken to test the degree of protein decomposition, ensuring a decomposition rate of no less than 15% by measuring amino acid content. After fermentation, the material undergoes cooling to room temperature (20-25°C). Before fermentation, the high-protein raw material is pretreated, including crushing to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm and sterilizing by steam treatment at 80-90°C for 10-20 minutes. Specifically, the compound probiotic strain consists of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of 1:1:0.5; the fermentation tank is a 1-10 cubic meter stainless steel fermentation tank. The steel tank is equipped with a stirring device at 20-50 rpm; sterile air is introduced at a rate of 0.1-0.5 cubic meters per minute; fermentation lasts for 48 hours with regular monitoring of amino acid content to ensure a decomposition rate of ≥15%; raw material pretreatment includes crushing to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm and steam sterilization at 80-90℃ for 10-20 minutes; cooling to 20-25℃ after fermentation. This system utilizes the synergistic effect of multiple microorganisms to enhance protein hydrolysis and the degradation of anti-nutritional factors. Bacillus subtilis secretes alkaline protease, which compensates for the enzyme limitations of lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The combination of aeration and stirring achieves uniform mass transfer during aerobic fermentation, improving metabolic efficiency; raw material pre-crushing increases the specific surface area, while steam sterilization eliminates interference from other microorganisms, ensuring probiotic-dominated fermentation; the 48-hour fermentation cycle and dynamic monitoring of amino acids ensure sufficient and controllable protein decomposition; and the cooling step prevents excessive degradation due to residual heat. This system significantly improves protein digestibility, reduces antigenicity and phytic acid content, and enhances the stability of the fermentation process and product consistency.

[0022] The granulation process further includes adding functional additives before granulation. These functional additives include at least one of enzyme preparations, antioxidants, and flavorings. The enzyme preparation is protease or cellulase, added at 0.05%-0.1% of the total material weight; the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline or BHT, added at 0.01%-0.05%; the flavoring is vanilla extract or milk flavoring, added at 0.1%-0.5%. The granulator is a ring die granulator or a flat die granulator with a circular or elliptical die shape. The material temperature is controlled at 60-80℃ during granulation. After granulation, the particles are sieved with a screen aperture of 2-5 mm to remove fine powder and excessively large particles, ensuring a particle uniformity of over 90%. A coating agent, either vegetable oil or silica gel, is sprayed onto the particle surface at 0.5%-1% of the particle weight. Specifically, this is achieved by adding 0.05%-1% of the product before granulation. The formula includes 0.1% protease or cellulase, 0.01%-0.05% ethoxyquinoline or BHT antioxidant, and 0.1%-0.5% vanilla extract or milk flavoring. A ring or flat die granulator with round or elliptical die holes is used, and the material temperature is controlled at 60-80℃. After granulation, the pellets are sieved through a 2-5 mm screen to ensure a uniformity of ≥90%. A 0.5%-1% vegetable oil or silica gel coating is applied to the surface. The enzyme preparation continues to catalyze the decomposition of residual large-molecule proteins or fibers in the hot and humid granulation environment, further improving digestibility. The antioxidant effectively inhibits fat oxidation and extends shelf life. The flavoring improves palatability, especially suitable for cattle in stress periods. Temperature-controlled granulation avoids high-temperature damage to active ingredients. Sieving removes substandard pellets to ensure feeding consistency. The coating layer is both moisture-proof and slow-releases flavor substances, achieving the effects of improving feed palatability, antioxidant stability, pellet uniformity, and in vivo digestibility.

[0023] This embodiment describes a method for manufacturing high-protein cattle feed using fishmeal and plant protein as the main raw materials. First, fishmeal and peanut meal with a protein content of 55% are selected as high-protein raw materials, with the following weight percentages: fishmeal 15%, peanut meal 10%, soybean meal 30%, corn 20%, vitamin premix 0.6%, mineral premix 1.2%, and moisture regulator (glycerol) as the remainder. In the mixing step, a high-speed mixer is used at 100 rpm for 15 minutes, and the total moisture content is controlled at 12%. Fermentation treatment: A compound probiotic (lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and Bacillus subtilis in a 1:1:0.5 ratio) is used with an inoculum of 0.4%. Sterile air is introduced into the fermentation tank (airflow rate 0.3 cubic meters / minute), and the temperature is controlled at 38℃ and pH at 6.5. Fermentation lasts for 36 hours, and the amino acid decomposition rate reaches 18% after fermentation. Granulation: Protease (0.08%) and vanilla extract (0.3%) were added as an enzyme preparation and granulated using a flat die granulator at a pressure of 18 MPa to achieve a particle diameter of 5 mm. Drying: The feed was dried at 60°C for 2 hours using a vacuum dryer until the moisture content dropped to 8%, then sterilized with ultraviolet light for 5 minutes and packaged. In this example, the feed protein content was 40%, and when used to feed dairy cows for 60 days, milk production increased by 8%, feed waste decreased by 15%, and milk quality was improved. Example

[0024] Please see Figure 1As shown in this embodiment, a method for manufacturing high-protein cattle feed includes a segmented drying process. The first stage of drying is carried out at 50-60°C for 30-60 minutes, reducing the moisture content from 20% to 15%. The second stage of drying is carried out at 60-70°C for 30-60 minutes, reducing the moisture content from 15% to below 10%. The drying equipment is a belt dryer or a vacuum dryer. During the drying process, the color and hardness of the particles are monitored to ensure that no cracking or discoloration occurs. After drying, the particles are cooled to room temperature (20-25°C) and then packaged in moisture-proof bags using a packaging machine. The packaging material is polyethylene or aluminum foil composite film. In addition, the manufacturing process includes a quality inspection step, and the inspection items include protein content, moisture content, microbial indicators, and particle hardness. Protein content is determined by the Kjeldahl method, ensuring it is not less than 35%; moisture content is determined by the oven drying method, ensuring it is not more than 10%; the total bacterial count is required to be less than 1×10^4 CFU / g; and particle hardness is determined by a hardness tester, ensuring it is within the range of 5-10 kgf. Specifically, the drying process involves two stages: the first stage is drying at 50-60℃ for 30-60 minutes to reduce the moisture content from 20% to 15%; the second stage is drying at 60-70℃ for another 30-60 minutes to reduce it to <10%; a belt dryer or vacuum dryer is used, and color and hardness are monitored to prevent cracking and discoloration; after drying, the product is cooled to 20-25℃; and it is packaged with a moisture-proof polyethylene or aluminum foil composite film. Simultaneously, Kjeldahl determination of protein ≥35%, oven drying of moisture ≤10%, and total bacterial count <1×10^4 CFU / g are performed. 4 With settings including CFU / gram and a hardness tester measuring particle hardness of 5-10 kgf, segmented low-temperature drying avoids Maillard reactions or protein denaturation caused by single-stage high temperatures, while effectively controlling the moisture gradient to prevent particle cracking; online monitoring ensures the integrity of appearance and structure; cooling prevents residual heat from causing moisture regain; high-barrier packaging materials block the intrusion of external moisture; and full-process quality testing ensures that the product meets nutritional, safety, and physical performance standards, achieving a balance of nutrient retention, intact appearance, storage stability, and quality traceability.

[0025] The high-protein raw material also includes animal by-products, namely at least one of blood meal or feather meal, with a protein content of not less than 60%, added at 5%-10% of the total raw material weight. Simultaneously, in the mixing step, a buffer such as calcium carbonate or calcium dihydrogen phosphate is added at 0.5%-1% to adjust the pH value of the material and prevent clumping. In the fermentation process, an alternating anaerobic and aerobic fermentation mode is adopted, first anaerobic fermentation for 12-24 hours, then aerobic fermentation for 12-24 hours, achieved by controlling the aeration valve to simulate a natural digestive environment and improve the biological value of the protein. In the granulation step, the particle size is adjusted according to the age of the cattle; the particle diameter for fattening cattle is 4-6 mm, and for dairy cattle it is 3-5 mm, to optimize feed intake efficiency. After the drying step, ultraviolet sterilization is performed, with an irradiation intensity of 10-20 mW / cm² for 5-10 minutes. Specifically, this is achieved by adding 5%-10% blood meal to the high-protein raw material. The feed should be powder or feather meal (protein ≥ 60%); 0.5%-1% calcium carbonate or calcium dihydrogen phosphate buffer should be added during mixing; fermentation should follow an alternating pattern of anaerobic fermentation for 12-24 hours followed by aerobic fermentation for 12-24 hours, switched via a venting valve; granulation particle diameter should be adjusted according to cattle age: 4-6 mm for fattening cattle and 3-5 mm for dairy cattle; after drying, the feed should be irradiated with 10-20 mW / cm² UV light for 5-10 minutes to supplement high-lysine or high-cysteine ​​protein from animal by-products, compensating for the lack of plant protein; the buffer should both adjust the pH of the mixture to facilitate fermentation initiation and prevent powder clumping; the alternating anaerobic-aerobic process simulates the rumen-small intestine digestive environment, promoting the phased effects of different bacterial communities and improving protein bioavailability; differentiated particle sizes should match the different feeding habits and chewing abilities of different cattle to reduce waste; UV sterilization further reduces the surface microbial load, achieving the effects of expanding protein source diversity, optimizing digestive simulation pathways, improving feeding efficiency, and enhancing the hygiene and safety level of the final product.

[0026] The method also includes the application and evaluation of the finished feed product. The high-protein cattle feed produced is used in feeding trials on fattening or dairy cattle for a period of 30-90 days. The daily feed intake is 2%-3% of body weight, and the cattle's weight gain, milk production, feed conversion ratio, and health status are monitored. Compared with conventional feed, the feed produced by this method increases the average daily weight gain of cattle by 10%-15%, milk production by 5%-10%, feed conversion ratio by 8%-12%, and reduces the diarrhea rate by 5%-10%. Furthermore, the finished feed product undergoes an economic analysis, including raw material costs, energy consumption, and output benefits. The results show that the manufacturing cost of this method is 5%-10% lower than that of traditional methods, and the production efficiency is increased by 15%-20%. Specifically, by (using the finished product for 30-90 days...) A 0-day feeding trial was conducted, with a daily feed intake of 2%-3% of body weight. Weight gain, milk production, feed conversion ratio, and health status were monitored. Economic efficiency was assessed by comparing the results with conventional feed, and raw material costs, energy consumption, and output benefits were calculated. The actual effectiveness of the technical solution was verified in a real-world farming scenario. Data showed a 10%-15% increase in average daily weight gain, a 5%-10% increase in milk production, an 8%-12% improvement in feed conversion ratio, and a 5%-10% decrease in diarrhea rate, demonstrating its nutritional effectiveness and animal health promotion effects. Economic analysis showed a 5%-10% reduction in manufacturing costs and a 15%-20% increase in production efficiency, stemming from optimized raw material formulation, energy consumption control, and process integration. This achieved the goals of technology implementation verification, quantified production benefits, and demonstrated that the method outperforms traditional processes in both farming performance and economic benefits.

[0027] This embodiment describes a method for manufacturing high-protein cattle feed containing animal by-products. First, blood meal and feather meal are selected as high-protein raw materials, with the following weight percentages: blood meal 8%, feather meal 7%, soybean meal 35%, corn gluten meal 10%, corn 25%, vitamin premix 0.7%, mineral premix 1.3%, and water as the remainder. During mixing, calcium carbonate (0.8%) is added as a buffer, and the mixture is stirred at 70 rpm for 25 minutes, resulting in a total moisture content of 18%. Fermentation treatment: An alternating anaerobic and aerobic mode is adopted, first anaerobic fermentation for 18 hours, then aerobic fermentation for 18 hours. Probiotics (lactic acid bacteria and yeast) are inoculated at an inoculum size of 0.2%, the temperature is controlled at 32℃, the pH value is 5.8, and the viable probiotic count after fermentation is 1×10^8 CFU / g. Granulation: Antioxidant BHT (0.03%) and coating agent vegetable oil (0.7%) are added. Granulation is performed using a ring die granulator at a pressure of 12 MPa. The particle diameter is adjusted according to the type of cattle (5 mm for fattening cattle, 4 mm for dairy cattle). Drying: A belt dryer is used for staged drying. The first stage is at 50°C for 50 minutes, and the second stage is at 70°C for 30 minutes, reducing the moisture content to 9%. The feed is then cooled and packaged. In this example, the feed protein content is 42%. Feeding trials showed a 15% increase in average daily weight gain, an 8% reduction in diarrhea rate, and a 7% lower production cost compared to traditional methods.

[0028] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a high-protein cattle feed, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: First, select high-protein raw materials as the base ingredients, including at least one of soybean meal, fish meal and corn gluten meal, wherein the protein content of soybean meal is not less than 40%, the protein content of fish meal is not less than 50%, and the protein content of corn gluten meal is not less than 60%; second, mix the selected high-protein raw materials with auxiliary ingredients, including energy sources, vitamin premix, mineral premix and moisture regulator, wherein the energy source is corn or wheat bran, the vitamin premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E, the mineral premix contains calcium, phosphorus and zinc, and the moisture regulator is water or glycerol, and the total moisture content is controlled between 10%-20% during mixing; then, the mixed material is subjected to fermentation treatment, including inoculating probiotic strains in an environment with a temperature of 30-40℃ and a pH value of 5.5-7.0, the probiotic strains being at least one of lactic acid bacteria or yeast, and the fermentation time being 24-72 hours to promote protein decomposition and improve digestibility; then, the fermented material is subjected to granulation treatment, the granulator aperture being 3-6 mm and the granulation pressure being 10-20 MPa to form uniform particles; finally, the particles are subjected to drying treatment, the drying temperature being 50-70℃ and the drying time being 1-3 hours until the moisture content is reduced to below 10%, obtaining high-protein cattle feed products.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the high-protein cattle feed is manufactured by the steps of: The ratio of the high-protein raw materials is as follows in terms of weight percentage: soybean meal accounts for 30%-50%, fish meal accounts for 10%-20%, corn gluten meal accounts for 5%-15%, and other plant protein sources, at least one of peanut meal or rapeseed meal, account for 5%-10% to ensure that the total protein content is not less than 35%; meanwhile, the ratio of the auxiliary ingredients is as follows in terms of weight percentage: energy sources account for 20%-30%, vitamin premix accounts for 0.5%-1%, mineral premix accounts for 1%-2%, and moisture regulator accounts for the balance; in the mixing step, a mechanical stirrer is used for uniform mixing at a speed of 50-100 revolutions per minute for 10-30 minutes to ensure that the ingredients are fully dispersed and combined; in the fermentation treatment, the inoculation amount of the probiotic strains is 0.1%-0.5% of the total weight of the material, and the pH value and temperature are regularly monitored during the fermentation process, the pH value is stabilized by adding a buffer such as sodium bicarbonate, and the number of live probiotic bacteria in the material after fermentation is not less than 1×10^8 CFU / gram; in the granulation step, an adhesive such as starch or lignosulfonate is also added, and the addition amount is 1%-3% of the total weight of the material; and in the drying step, a fluidized bed dryer or a drum dryer is used, and the air speed is controlled at 1-3 meters per second. ​ 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the high-protein cattle feed is manufactured by the steps of: The fermentation process further comprises using a complex probiotic bacterial strain consisting of lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of 1:1:0.5, and sterile air is introduced during the fermentation process at a flow rate of 0.1-0.5 cubic meters per minute; the fermentation vessel is a stainless steel fermentation tank with a volume of 1-10 cubic meters, and a stirring device is provided in the tank with a stirring speed of 20-50 revolutions per minute; the fermentation time is preferably 48 hours, during which the degree of protein decomposition is periodically detected by sampling and measuring the amino acid content to ensure that the decomposition rate is not less than 15%; after the fermentation is completed, the material is further subjected to cooling treatment to room temperature of 20-25°C; before the fermentation, the high-protein raw material is pretreated, including crushing to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm and sterilizing at 80-90°C for 10-20 minutes by steam treatment. ​ 4. The method for manufacturing high-protein cattle feed according to claim 3, characterized in that, The granulation process further comprises adding functional additives before granulation, the functional additives including at least one of enzyme preparations, antioxidants and flavoring agents, wherein the enzyme preparations are protease or cellulase, and the addition amount is 0.05%-0.1% of the total weight of the material; the antioxidants are ethoxyquin or BHT, and the addition amount is 0.01%-0.05%; the flavoring agents are vanillin or milk flavor, and the addition amount is 0.1%-0.5%; the granulator uses a ring die granulator or a flat die granulator, and the die hole shape is circular or elliptical; the material temperature is controlled at 60-80°C during the granulation process; after granulation, the granules are further subjected to screening treatment, the screen mesh size is 2-5 mm, and small powders and oversized granules are removed to ensure that the uniformity of the granules is more than 90%; the surface of the granules is sprayed with a coating agent, the coating agent is vegetable oil or silica gel, and the spraying amount is 0.5%-1% of the weight of the granules.

5. The method for manufacturing high-protein cattle feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drying process adopts a stepwise drying method, the first-stage drying is carried out at 50-60°C for 30-60 minutes to reduce the moisture content from 20% to 15%, and the second-stage drying is carried out at 60-70°C for 30-60 minutes to reduce the moisture content to below 10%; the drying equipment is a belt dryer or a vacuum dryer; the color and hardness of the granules are monitored during the drying process to ensure that no cracks or discoloration occurs; after drying, the granules are further subjected to cooling treatment to room temperature of 20-25°C, and are packaged in moisture-proof bags by a packaging machine, and the packaging material is polyethylene or aluminum foil composite film; in addition, a quality detection step is included in the manufacturing process, and the detection items include protein content, moisture content, microbial indicators and granule hardness, wherein the protein content is determined by the Kjeldahl method to ensure that it is not less than 35%, the moisture content is determined by the oven method to ensure that it is not more than 10%, the total bacterial colony count is required to be less than 1×10^4 CFU / gram, and the granule hardness is determined by a hardness tester to ensure that it is in the range of 5-10 kilograms.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the protein content of the feed is at least 30%. The high-protein raw material also includes animal by-products, which are at least one of blood meal or feather meal, with a protein content of not less than 60%, and an added amount of 5%-10% of the total raw material weight; at the same time, a buffering agent such as calcium carbonate or calcium dihydrogen phosphate is added in the mixing step, with an added amount of 0.5%-1%, to adjust the pH value of the material and prevent caking; in the fermentation treatment, an anaerobic and aerobic alternating fermentation mode is adopted, with anaerobic fermentation for 12-24 hours, followed by aerobic fermentation for 12-24 hours, which is achieved by controlling the air valve, to simulate the natural digestive environment and improve the biological potency of the protein; in the granulation step, the particle size is adjusted according to the age of the cattle, with a particle diameter of 4-6 mm for fattening cattle and a particle diameter of 3-5 mm for dairy cattle, to optimize the feeding efficiency; after the drying step, ultraviolet sterilization treatment is also performed, with an irradiation intensity of 10-20 mW / cm2 and a time of 5-10 minutes.

7. The method for manufacturing high-protein cattle feed according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method also includes the application and evaluation steps of the finished feed, in which the high-protein cattle feed prepared is used for feeding experiments, with the test cattle being fattening cattle or dairy cattle, a feeding period of 30-90 days, a daily feeding amount of 2%-3% of the body weight, and monitoring of the body weight gain, milk yield, feed conversion rate and health status of the cattle.

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