Full-polarization birefringence interference hyperspectral imaging device and method based on Savart cutter

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-polarization birefringence interference hyperspectral imaging device and method based on a Savart cutter. The device comprises a front imaging objective lens, a diaphragm, a collimator objective lens, a polarization modulation system based on ferroelectric liquid crystal, a birefringence shearing system, a rear imaging objective lens and a detector which are sequentially arranged in the direction of an optical path. The method comprises the following steps: incident light enters the polarization modulation system based on the ferroelectric liquid crystal in the form of a collimated light beam after passing through the front imaging objective lens, the diaphragm and the collimator objective lens; the light beam subjected to polarization modulation enters a birefringence shearing system; transverse shearing is generated through the birefringence shearing system; the double beams after transverse shearing are incident to a rear imaging objective lens and are imaged on a target surface of a detector to form a polarization interference image; and processing the polarization interference light intensity information obtained on the target surface of the detector to obtain spectral information and full polarization information of each point of the target. Spectral information and full polarization information can be obtained at the same time, polarization state information can be obtained with high precision, and broadband adaptability is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of optical target detection, and particularly relates to a full-polarization birefringence interference hyperspectral imaging device and method based on a Savart shearing device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The interference type hyperspectral polarization imaging method refers to a technology for acquiring four groups of Stokes vector images of a target varying with wavelengths based on interference spectrum splitting technology and polarization modulation technology; a data hypercube of the measured target can be simultaneously obtained, and the data hypercube contains two-dimensional spatial information and spectral information of each point of the target, and polarization information at each detection spectral segment. The technology can greatly improve the amount of information obtained by optical detection, and the spectral polarization image obtained by the technology can provide more abundant information than intensity images or spectral images. Therefore, the technology is widely applied to fields of astronomical observation, biomedical diagnosis, atmospheric detection, earth environment monitoring, target detection and identification and the like.

[0003] The shearing beam splitter is a core component of the hyperspectral imaging system, and determines the use characteristics and many parameter indexes of the instrument. According to different principles, typical interference type hyperspectral imaging technologies at present include: an interference spectrum imaging technology based on a modified Sagnac and an interference spectrum imaging technology based on a birefringent crystal. At present, a Sagnac interference scheme using ferroelectric liquid crystal technology (such as patent CN201610065626.X) has been adopted, but the Sagnac interference scheme has a core defect. Although the Sagnac scheme uses the high-speed modulation capability of the ferroelectric liquid crystal, due to the polarization sensitivity of the coating of the beam splitter and the reflector, when the polarized light emitted by the FLC enters the beam splitter, the two beams (clockwise and counterclockwise) will be affected by the different splitting ratios of the coating of the beam splitter and the reflector to s-polarized light and p-polarized light, resulting in imbalance of intensity and polarization state. When the two beams interfere, the interference contrast is reduced, which seriously affects the accuracy of spectral reconstruction, and causes amplitude errors of the final polarization image (affecting the measurement of the polarization state) and spectral information distortion (spectral peak position shift).

[0004] Therefore, a full-polarization interference hyperspectral imaging device with high-precision polarization state information acquisition and wide-band adaptability needs to be proposed. SUMMARY

[0005] The application aims at the problems in the prior art, and provides a full-polarization birefringence interference hyperspectral imaging device and method based on a Savart shearing device with high-precision polarization state information acquisition and wide-band adaptability. The two beams of the Savart beam splitter are both transmitted light, and the polarization fidelity is very high. The Savart shearing device and the ferroelectric liquid crystal are combined to realize simultaneous detection of high-resolution spectrum and polarization of the target.

[0006] The technical solution for achieving the object of the present application is: on the one hand, a full-polarization birefringent interference hyperspectral imaging device based on a Savart sheeter is provided, which comprises, in sequence along the light path, a front imaging objective, a diaphragm, a collimating objective, a polarization modulation system, a birefringent sheeter, a rear imaging objective, and a detector.

[0007] The light from each point of the target is imaged by the front imaging objective, then passes through the diaphragm and the collimating objective to exit as a parallel light beam, the parallel light beam is polarization-modulated by the polarization modulation system, then enters the birefringent sheeter to generate two linearly polarized light beams with the same vibration direction, and is imaged on the detector by the rear imaging objective.

[0008] Further, the imaging surface of the front imaging objective coincides with the front focal surface of the collimating objective, and the diaphragm is located on the imaging surface of the front imaging objective.

[0009] Further, the polarization modulation system is used to collect polarization light in different directions and convert them into 45° linearly polarized light, and comprises, in sequence along the light path, a first ferroelectric liquid crystal, a first phase retarder, a second ferroelectric liquid crystal, a second phase retarder, and a linear polarizer, the fast axis of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal, the first phase retarder, the second ferroelectric liquid crystal, and the second phase retarder, and the light transmission axis of the linear polarizer are all located in a plane perpendicular to the light path; the fast axis angle of each ferroelectric liquid crystal can be switched between 0° and 45° under the control of voltage, thereby modulating the incident light of the polarization modulation system in multiple fast axis angle combination states.

[0010] Further, when the polarization modulation system performs one step of interference scanning, the fast axis angle of each ferroelectric liquid crystal changes twice, i.e. 0° and 45°, that is, the incident light is modulated in four fast axis angle combination states at each step of interference scanning.

[0011] Further, the direction perpendicular to the light path and in the same plane as the light path is taken as the X axis, and the direction perpendicular to the light path is taken as the Y axis, and 0° and 45° refer to the included angle between the fast axis or the light transmission axis and the X axis.

[0012] Further, the birefringent sheeter comprises, in sequence along the light path, a first Glan-Taylor prism, a first Savart plate, a second Savart plate, and a second Glan-Taylor prism, the light transmission axes of the first Glan-Taylor prism (5.1) and the second Glan-Taylor prism (5.4) are both located in a plane perpendicular to the light path; the optical axes of the first Savart plate (5.2) and the second Savart plate (5.3) are perpendicular to each other and each forms a 45° angle with the system optical axis.

[0013] Further, the light ray enters the first Glan-Taylor prism and the polarization direction becomes a linearly polarized light beam consistent with the direction of the optical axis of the first Glan-Taylor prism. The linearly polarized light beam is divided into o light and e light linearly polarized light beams by the first Savart plate, wherein the o light propagates along the original incident direction, and the e light continues to propagate after being deflected. After passing through the second Savart plate, the original o light becomes e light, and the original e light becomes o light. The exiting light is two linearly polarized light beams with transverse shear parallel to the original incident light propagation direction and perpendicular to each other in vibration direction. The two linearly polarized light beams become two linearly polarized light beams with the same vibration direction after passing through the second Glan-Taylor prism.

[0014] In another aspect, a full-polarization birefringence interferometric hyperspectral imaging method is provided, the method comprising:

[0015] Step 1, initialize the angle of the fast axis of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal and the second ferroelectric liquid crystal, image the light from each point of the detection target by the pre-imaging objective lens, and then pass through the diaphragm and the collimating objective lens to exit a parallel light beam;

[0016] Step 2, adjust the angle of the fast axis of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.1) and the second ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.3) in the polarization modulation system (4) to switch between 0° and 45°, polarization modulate the parallel light beam, collect four polarization lights with different polarization directions, and convert them into 45° linearly polarized light;

[0017] Step 3, the linearly polarized light emitted by the polarization modulation system (4) is transversely sheared into two linearly polarized light beams with parallel and consistent vibration direction by the birefringence shearing system (5);

[0018] Step 4, image the two linearly polarized light beams on the detector (7) located at the focal plane of the post-imaging objective lens (6), and the two light beams interfere and form an interference image at this point;

[0019] Step 5, the device scans the detection target in an overall scanning manner, and at each push scanning step distance Δx, steps 1 to 4 are repeatedly executed, thereby obtaining four groups of interference image sequences corresponding to different fast axis angle combinations;

[0020] Step 6, for each pixel position in each group of interference image sequences, sequentially extract the image data at the same position of each frame of image to obtain a complete interference signal data, and perform spectral recovery processing on the interference signal data to obtain the spectral information of the pixel position, thereby obtaining four groups of spectral information;

[0021] Step 7, obtain the spectral information of each Stokes component at the pixel position from the four groups of spectral information, thereby obtaining the spectral information and full-polarization information of each point of the target.

[0022] Further, the push scanning step distance Δx in step 5 corresponds to one pixel size of the detector.

[0023] Further, the method further comprises resetting the fast axis angle of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal and the second ferroelectric liquid crystal when the push scanning step distance is Δx during the execution.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0025] (1) The present application can simultaneously acquire spectral information and full polarization information, and has the advantages of high-precision polarization state information acquisition and wide-band adaptability.

[0026] (2) High-precision polarization state information acquisition solves the problem of distortion of spectral information and polarization information caused by polarization sensitivity of the beam splitter and the reflector coating.

[0027] (3) Wide-band adaptability: in the wide-band range from ultraviolet to near-infrared, the shear amount of the birefringent crystal has low wavelength dependence, is not affected by the coating of the beam splitting surface, and the contrast of the interference fringes remains more stable.

[0028] (4) The device has compact structure, small size and simple optical path, and the Savart prism can realize transverse shear interference with only two birefringent crystals, so the optical path structure is simple and easy to integrate into a compact system.

[0029] (5) The device is easy to assemble and debug, and calibration is completed at the factory, so only simple optical axis alignment is required, greatly reducing the use threshold.

[0030] (6) The device has high stability, wide application environment, fixed crystal interference optical path, no moving parts, vibration resistance, high and low temperature resistance, and is suitable for harsh environments such as aerospace and military.

[0031] The present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of the full-polarization birefringent interference hyperspectral imaging device based on the Savart shear in one embodiment.

[0033] Figure 2 It is an external driving voltage signal of the ferroelectric liquid crystal in one embodiment, wherein (a) in Figure 2 is the external driving voltage signal of FLC1, (b) in Figure 2 is the fast axis rotation angle of FLC1, (c) in Figure 2 is the external driving voltage signal of FLC2, and (d) in Figure 2 is the fast axis rotation angle of FLC2.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the imaging optical path structure of the birefringent shear system in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not used to limit the present application.

[0036] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present application involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement condition, etc. between components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0037] In addition, if the embodiments of the present application involve descriptions of "first", "second", etc., the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for description purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited by "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that a person of ordinary skill in the art can realize it, and when the combination of technical solutions contradicts each other or cannot be realized, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present application.

[0038] In one embodiment, in combination Figure 1 , a Savart sheeter-based full-polarization birefringent interference hyperspectral imaging device is provided, which comprises, in sequence along the optical path direction, a front imaging objective 1, an aperture 2, a collimating objective 3, a polarization modulation system 4, a birefringent sheeter 5, a rear imaging objective 6, and a detector 7.

[0039] The light from each point of the target is imaged by the front imaging objective 1, then passes through the aperture 2 and the collimating objective 3 to exit as a parallel light beam, the parallel light beam is polarization-modulated by the polarization modulation system 4, then enters the birefringent sheeter 5 to generate two linearly polarized light beams with the same vibration direction, and is imaged on the detector 7 by the rear imaging objective 6.

[0040] Here, all optical elements are coaxial and isometric with respect to the base, i.e., coaxial and isometric with respect to the optical platform or instrument base.

[0041] Here, the aperture 2 limits the image surface shape and size of the front imaging objective 1 to eliminate stray light.

[0042] Preferably, in some embodiments, the imaging surface of the front imaging objective 1 coincides with the front focal surface of the collimating objective 3, and the aperture 2 is located on the imaging surface of the front imaging objective 1.

[0043] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the polarization modulation system 4 is used to collect polarized light with four different polarization directions and convert them into 45° linearly polarized light. It includes a first ferroelectric liquid crystal 4.1, a first phase retardation plate 4.2, a second ferroelectric liquid crystal 4.3, a second phase retardation plate 4.4, and a linear polarizer 4.5 arranged sequentially along the optical path. The fast axis of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal 4.1, the first phase retardation plate 4.2, the second ferroelectric liquid crystal 4.3, and the second phase retardation plate 4.4, as well as the transmission axis of the linear polarizer 4.5, are all located in a plane perpendicular to the optical path. Under the control of voltage, the fast axis angle of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal 4.1 and the second ferroelectric liquid crystal 4.3 can switch between 0° and 45°, thereby modulating the incident light of the polarization modulation system 4 under various combinations of fast axis angles.

[0044] Preferably, in some embodiments, when the polarization modulation system 4 performs each interference scan, the fast axis angle of each ferroelectric liquid crystal changes twice, to 0° and 45° respectively, that is, the incident light is modulated by four combinations of fast axis angles during each interference scan.

[0045] Preferably, in some embodiments, the direction perpendicular to the light path and located in the same plane as the light path is called the X-axis, the direction located in the plane perpendicular to the light path and perpendicular to the light path is called the Y-axis, and 0° and 45° refer to the angle between the fast axis or the light transmission axis and the X-axis.

[0046] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the birefringent shearing system 5 includes a first Glan Taylor prism 5.1, a first Savart plate 5.2, a second Savart plate 5.3, and a second Glan Taylor prism 5.4 arranged sequentially along the optical path. The transmission axes of the first Glan Taylor prism (5.1) and the second Glan Taylor prism (5.4) are both located in a plane perpendicular to the optical path. The optical axes of the first Savart plate (5.2) and the second Savart plate (5.3) are perpendicular to each other and each forms a 45° angle with the optical axis of the system.

[0047] After the light enters the first Glan Taylor prism 5.1, its polarization direction becomes a linearly polarized beam aligned with the optical axis of the first Glan Taylor prism 5.1. This linearly polarized beam is then split into two linearly polarized beams, o-beam and e-beam, after passing through the first Savart plate 5.2. The o-beam propagates along the original incident direction, while the e-beam continues to propagate after being deflected. After passing through the second Savart plate 5.3, the original o-beam becomes the e-beam, and the original e-beam becomes the o-beam. The outgoing light consists of two linearly polarized beams with mutually perpendicular vibration directions, parallel to the original incident light propagation direction, and with a transverse shear. After passing through the second Glan Taylor prism 5.4, these two linearly polarized beams become two linearly polarized beams with completely identical vibration directions.

[0048] In one embodiment, a fully polarized birefringent interferometric hyperspectral imaging method is provided, the method comprising:

[0049] Step 1: Initialize the angle of the fast axis of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal 4.1 and the second ferroelectric liquid crystal 4.3. The front imaging objective lens 1 images the light from each point of the detection target, and then the light beams are emitted after passing through the aperture 2 and the collimating objective lens 3 in sequence.

[0050] Step 2: Adjust the angles of the fast axes of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.1) and the second ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.3) in the polarization modulation system (4) to switch between 0° and 45°, perform polarization modulation on the parallel beam, collect polarized light in four different polarization directions, and convert it into 45° linearly polarized light;

[0051] Step 3, combined Figure 3 The birefringence shearing system (5) shears the linearly polarized light emitted from the polarization modulation system (4) into two parallel beams of linearly polarized light with the same vibration direction.

[0052] Step 4: The two linearly polarized beams are imaged onto the detector (7) located on its focal plane by the rear imaging objective (6), where the two beams interfere and form an interference image;

[0053] Step 5: The device performs a sweep scan on the target in an overall scanning manner (translating or rotating the fully polarized birefringent interferometric hyperspectral imaging device based on the Savart shearer). Within each sweep step distance Δx, steps 1 to 4 are repeated to obtain four sets of interferometric image sequences corresponding to different fast axis angle combinations.

[0054] Step 6: For each pixel position in each set of interference image sequences, extract the image data at the same position in each frame of the image to obtain a complete interference signal data. Perform spectral restoration processing on the interference signal data to obtain the spectral information of the pixel position, thereby obtaining four sets of spectral information.

[0055] Step 7: Obtain the spectral information of the pixel location on each Stokes component from the four sets of spectral information, thereby obtaining the spectral information and full polarization information of each point of the target.

[0056] Preferably, in some embodiments, the push-broom step distance Δx in step 5 corresponds to one pixel size of the detector.

[0057] Preferably, in some embodiments, the method further includes, during execution: when the push-broom step distance is Δx, resetting the fast axis angle of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal 4.1 and the second ferroelectric liquid crystal 4.3.

[0058] Here, the pushbroom process is as follows: The platform movement and ferroelectric liquid crystal modulation are strictly synchronized. Each pushbroom step distance Δx corresponds to one pixel size of the detector. During the Δx movement, a complete modulation cycle of four polarization states must be completed. The specific steps are divided into two parts: 1. When the platform is stationary, the ferroelectric liquid crystal sequentially switches between four polarization states, acquiring one frame of interference image in each state. The four frames constitute a complete polarization dataset. 2. When the platform moves Δx, the ferroelectric liquid crystal resets to prepare for the next cycle, and the optical system's field of view covers the new ground feature stripe.

[0059] Here, under the control of the input voltage, the fast axis angle change of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal 4.1 and the second ferroelectric liquid crystal 4.3 is limited to two states: 0° and 45°. The two ferroelectric liquid crystals combined produce four sets of fast axis angle changes. These four different combinations of external driving voltages can acquire four sets of polarization state information within the polarization modulation period. The external driving voltage signals controlling FLC1 and FLC2 are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the four driving voltage combinations are (10V, 10V), (10V, -10V), (-10V, -10V), and (-10V, 10V). Under the control of the external driving voltage, the fast axis rotation angle combinations of FLC1 and FLC2 are (0º, 0º), (0º, 45º), (45º, 45º), and (45º, 0º), respectively. The polarization measurement matrix of the system can be obtained accordingly. Then, combined with the interference signals of the four different polarization states, the spectral polarization composite information is demodulated.

[0060] In summary, the fully polarized birefringent interferometric hyperspectral imaging device based on the Savart shearer proposed in this invention solves the problem of spectral and polarization information distortion caused by the polarization sensitivity of the beam splitter. The Glan Taylor prism has a high extinction ratio and extremely strong suppression capability for non-target polarized light, outputting near-ideal linearly polarized light. This invention has wide-band adaptability; in the ultraviolet to near-infrared range, the shearing amount of the birefringent crystal has low wavelength dependence and is unaffected by the coating on the beam splitter surface, maintaining more stable contrast of the interference fringes. The device is compact, small in size, and has a simple optical path. Only two Savart prisms are needed to achieve transverse shearing interference, and the simple optical path structure makes it easy to integrate into a compact system. Assembly and debugging are simple; calibration is completed at the factory, requiring only simple alignment of the optical axis, significantly lowering the barrier to entry. It has high stability, wide applicability, a fixed crystal interference optical path with no moving parts, vibration resistance, and resistance to high and low temperatures, making it suitable for harsh environments such as aerospace and military applications.

[0061] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full polarimetric birefringent interferometric hyperspectral imaging device based on a Savart sheeter, characterized in that, The device comprises, in sequence along the light path, a front imaging objective (1), an aperture (2), a collimating objective (3), a polarization modulation system (4), a birefringent shearing system (5), a rear imaging objective (6) and a detector (7); Light from each point of the target is imaged by the front imaging objective (1), then passes through the aperture (2) and the collimating objective (3) to exit as a parallel light beam, which is then subjected to polarization modulation by the polarization modulation system (4) and enters the birefringent shearing system (5), where two linearly polarized light beams with the same vibration direction are generated, and then imaged on the detector (7) by the rear imaging objective (6).

2. The Savart sheeter based, full polarimetric birefringent interferometric hyperspectral imaging apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The imaging surface of the front imaging objective (1) coincides with the front focal surface of the collimating objective (3), and the aperture (2) is located on the imaging surface of the front imaging objective (1).

3. The Savart sheeter based, full polarimetric birefringent interferometric hyperspectral imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The polarization modulation system (4) is used for collecting polarized light in different directions, and comprises, in sequence along the light path, a first ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.1), a first phase retardation plate (4.2), a second ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.3), a second phase retardation plate (4.4) and a linear polarizer (4.5), the fast axis of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.1), the first phase retardation plate (4.2), the second ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.3) and the second phase retardation plate (4.4) and the light transmission axis of the linear polarizer (4.5) are all located in a plane perpendicular to the light path; the fast axis angle of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.1) and the second ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.3) can be switched between 0° and 45° under the control of voltage, thereby modulating the incident light of the polarization modulation system (4) in multiple fast axis angle combination states.

4. The Savart sheeter based, full polarimetric birefringent interferometric hyperspectral imaging apparatus of claim 3, wherein, When the polarization modulation system (4) performs one step of interference scanning, the fast axis angle of each ferroelectric liquid crystal changes twice, i.e. 0° and 45°, that is, the incident light is modulated in four fast axis angle combination states at each step of interference scanning.

5. The Savart sheeter based full polarizing birefringent interferometric hyperspectral imaging apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The direction perpendicular to the light path and in the same plane as the light path is taken as the X axis, the direction perpendicular to the light path is taken as the Y axis, and 0° and 45° refer to the included angle between the fast axis or the light transmission axis and the X axis.

6. The Savart sheeter based, full polarimetric birefringent interferometric hyperspectral imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The birefringent shearing system (5) comprises, in sequence along the light path, a first Glan-Taylor prism (5.1), a first Savart plate (5.2), a second Savart plate (5.3) and a second Glan-Taylor prism (5.4), the light transmission axes of the first Glan-Taylor prism (5.1) and the second Glan-Taylor prism (5.4) are both located in a plane perpendicular to the light path; the optical axes of the first Savart plate (5.2) and the second Savart plate (5.3) are perpendicular to each other and each forms a 45° angle with the system optical axis.

7. The Savart sheeter based full polarizing birefringent interferometric hyperspectral imaging apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, After the light enters the first Glan-Taylor prism (5.1), the polarization direction becomes a linearly polarized light which is consistent with the direction of the optical axis of the first Glan-Taylor prism (5.1). After the linearly polarized light passes through the first Savart plate (5.2), the linearly polarized light is divided into two linearly polarized lights of o light and e light, wherein the o light propagates along the original incident direction, and the e light propagates after being deflected. After the second Savart plate (5.3), the original o light becomes e light, and the original e light becomes o light. The exiting light is two linearly polarized lights which are perpendicular to each other in the vibration direction and parallel to the original incident light propagation direction with a transverse shear amount. After the two linearly polarized lights pass through the second Glan-Taylor prism (5.4), the two linearly polarized lights become two linearly polarized lights with the same vibration direction.

8. A method of full-polarimetric birefringence interferometric hyperspectral imaging based on the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The method comprises: Step 1, initializing the angle of the fast axis of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.1) and the second ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.3), and imaging the light from each point of the detection target by the front imaging objective lens (1), and then passing through the diaphragm (2) and the collimating objective lens (3) to emit parallel light beams; Step 2, adjusting the angle of the fast axis of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.1) and the second ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.3) in the polarization modulation system (4) to be switched between 0° and 45°, and performing polarization modulation on the parallel light beams, collecting polarization lights in four different polarization directions respectively, and converting the polarization lights into 45° linearly polarized light; Step 3, transversely shearing the linearly polarized light emitted by the polarization modulation system (4) into two linearly polarized lights which are parallel to each other and have the same vibration direction by the birefringent shearing system (5); Step 4, imaging the two linearly polarized lights on the detector (7) located at the focal plane of the rear imaging objective lens (6), and the two light beams interfere at this position to form an interference image; Step 5, the device performs push scanning on the detection target in an overall scanning manner, and in each push scanning step distance Δx, steps 1 to 4 are repeatedly executed, so as to obtain four groups of interference image sequences corresponding to different fast axis angle combinations; Step 6, for each pixel position in each group of interference image sequences, the image data at the same position of each frame of image is extracted in turn to obtain a complete interference signal data, and the interference signal data is subjected to spectral recovery processing to obtain the spectral information of the pixel position, and thus four groups of spectral information are obtained; Step 7, obtaining the spectral information of each Stokes component at the pixel position from the four groups of spectral information, so as to obtain the spectral information and full polarization information of each point of the target.

9. The full-polarization birefringent interferometric hyperspectral imaging method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The push scanning step distance Δx in step 5 corresponds to the size of one pixel of the detector.

10. The full-polarization birefringent interferometric hyperspectral imaging method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the execution process of the method, when the push scanning step distance is Δx, the fast axis angles of the first ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.1) and the second ferroelectric liquid crystal (4.3) are reset.

Images