Fattening pig feed and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding and animal nutrition, in particular to fattening pig feed and application thereof.The fattening pig feed is prepared from, by weight, 50 parts of corn flour, 19-21 parts of concentrated feed, 9-11 parts of wheat bran and 20 parts of wild buckwheat straw powder. According to the formula, the wild buckwheat straw is used as a functional fiber source, through scientific matching and synergistic effect with conventional energy raw materials, the micro-ecological structure of the intestinal tract of the fattening pig is effectively optimized, enrichment of beneficial microbial communities such as lactobacilli in the phylum firmicalis is promoted, and therefore the steady state of the intestinal tract can be maintained. Meanwhile, in the liver of the fattening pigs fed with the formula, expression of various genes related to extracellular matrix structures and tissue homeostasis is up-regulated, and support is provided for tissue structure maintenance and healthy growth. The method provides a feasible path for resource utilization of wild buckwheat straws, and has double benefits of breeding health promotion and agricultural byproduct value increase.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of animal husbandry and animal nutrition technology, specifically to a fattening pig feed and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In the current pig farming industry, the feeding costs of conventional feed ingredients (such as corn and soybean meal, which are energy and protein sources) continue to rise due to price fluctuations and supply constraints. A monolithic feed resource structure also easily leads to over-reliance on high-priced energy feeds, which is detrimental to the sustainable development of animal husbandry. At the same time, with the increasing demand for green and low-emission farming models, the development of alternative feed ingredients has become an important direction in this field.

[0003] Golden buckwheat ( Fagopyrum cymosum In traditional Chinese medicine, buckwheat is widely used primarily for its rhizomes, but its straw is typically treated as a low-value byproduct or even waste in agricultural production, failing to be effectively utilized. Current research lacks systematic studies on the application of buckwheat straw in fattening pig feed, particularly regarding its ability to improve gut microbiota, support host metabolism, and replace some conventional feed components as an energy source; there is currently no publicly available quantitative evidence.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to conduct feasibility verification of buckwheat straw in pig feed and explore its potential value in reducing feed costs, reducing agricultural waste emissions, and improving the health of fattening pigs through scientific feed formulation design. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention provides a fattening pig feed and its application.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A fattening pig feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts cornmeal, 19 to 21 parts concentrated feed, 9 to 11 parts wheat bran, and 20 parts buckwheat straw powder.

[0007] Preferably, the feed consists of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 50 parts cornmeal, 20 parts concentrated feed, 10 parts wheat bran, and 20 parts buckwheat straw powder.

[0008] Preferably, the specific steps include: The buckwheat straw is dried to reduce its moisture content to below 12%, and then crushed and sieved to obtain buckwheat straw powder.

[0009] The fattening pig feed is obtained by mixing cornmeal, concentrated feed, wheat bran and buckwheat straw powder according to the weight proportions.

[0010] Preferably, the particle size of the Fagopyrum dibotrys stalk powder is 2mm-5mm.

[0011] The application of the fattening pig feed in the preparation of a product for promoting the healthy growth of fattening pigs.

[0012] Preferably, the product promotes the healthy growth of fattening pigs by improving the intestinal microecological structure and regulating the gene expression characteristics related to tissue homeostasis.

[0013] Preferably, the improvement of the intestinal microecological structure is manifested as: specific enrichment of functional flora of Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus spp. ), cholesterol-lowering Eubacterium coprostanoligenes flora and / or butyrate-producing Lachnospiraceae flora.

[0014] Preferably, the regulation of the gene expression characteristics related to tissue homeostasis includes the increasing trend of the expression level of any one or a combination of LOX , DCN , DPT , NID2 and SPARCL1 genes in the body of the fattening pig.

[0015] A method for breeding fattening pigs, comprising the following steps: feeding fattening pigs with the fattening pig feed.

[0016] Preferably, the feeding is in a free-feeding mode, and the feeding period is 90-110 days.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: The present application provides a fattening pig feed, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn meal 50 parts, concentrated feed 19-21 parts, wheat bran 9-11 parts, and Fagopyrum dibotrys stalk powder 20 parts. Compared with the prior art, the present application realizes significant beneficial effects in multiple aspects by scientifically compounding the Fagopyrum dibotrys stalk powder with corn meal, concentrated feed and wheat bran in a specific ratio to form a feed combination with synergistic effect: the present application uses Fagopyrum dibotrys stalk powder as one of the core components to partially replace conventional energy raw materials such as corn, which not only effectively reduces the feed cost, but also realizes the resource-based high-value utilization of agricultural by-products, which is in line with the direction of green and sustainable breeding; the specific formula shows a consistent regulation trend in the intestinal microecology and host tissue level. By promoting the enrichment of functional flora such as Lactobacillus in the phylum Firmicutes, a flora structure more conducive to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is formed; at the same time, at the tissue level, a variety of genes related to the composition of extracellular matrix and tissue homeostasis (including LOX , DCN , DPT ,NID2 , SPARCL1 The expression levels of [various substances] showed an increasing trend in the livers of fattening pigs, reflecting the active characteristics of tissue structure maintenance processes. These multi-level changes exhibited synergistic directional changes, providing a physiological basis for the healthy growth and good production performance of fattening pigs. The formulation of this invention helps support health- and quality-oriented farming models, providing a feasible nutritional regulation pathway for obtaining high-quality pork products. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This figure shows the comparison results of the ACE index of intestinal flora in fattening pigs under different feed formulations according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This figure shows the comparison results of Shannon index of gut microbiota in fattening pigs under different feed formulations according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 The graph shows the linear discriminant analysis effect values ​​(LEfSe) of the gut microbiota in different treatment groups of this invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of gut microbiota based on Bray–Curtis distance in this invention; each point represents the differences in microbiota composition among different individuals, and the colors distinguish the experimental groups.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a heatmap of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the transcriptome sequencing results of liver tissue of fattening pigs under different feed formulations according to the present invention; the horizontal axis represents the sample group (C60R10, C60B10, C50B20), the vertical axis represents the significantly differentially expressed genes screened out, and the color gradient represents the gene expression level (red for upregulation, blue for downregulation). Detailed Implementation

[0024] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more comprehensive description is provided below, along with preferred embodiments. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the present invention.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0026] The "concentrated feed" of the present application is a commercially available commodity feed for growing pigs, which is purchased from Leshan Anyoushanwan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the model is "suckling pig concentrated feed Fuyu 2511". The concentrated feed is a base type material commonly used in the art.

[0027] The corn flour, wheat bran and rice bran used in the present application are purchased from Xichang Hope Feed Company.

[0028] The Fagopyrum dibotrys is planted by the Sichuan Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Agricultural Science Research Institute, and the straw is naturally dried for subsequent use.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present application are illustrated by specific examples as follows.

[0030] Example 1, a growing pig feed consists of the following raw materials by weight: 50 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of concentrated feed, 10 parts of wheat bran and 20 parts of Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder.

[0031] The preparation method of the growing pig feed is as follows: The Fagopyrum dibotrys straw is dried to reduce the water content to 12%, then crushed using a pulverizer and sieved to control the particle size to 3mm, to obtain Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder.

[0032] The corn flour, concentrated feed, wheat bran and Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder are mixed by weight to obtain the growing pig feed. It is recorded as C50B20 group growing pig feed.

[0033] Example 2, a growing pig feed consists of the following raw materials by weight: 50 parts of corn flour, 19 parts of concentrated feed, 9 parts of wheat bran and 20 parts of Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder.

[0034] The preparation method of the growing pig feed is as follows: The Fagopyrum dibotrys straw is dried to reduce the water content to 10%, then crushed using a pulverizer and sieved to control the particle size to 2mm, to obtain Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder.

[0035] The corn flour, concentrated feed, wheat bran and Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder are mixed by weight to obtain the growing pig feed.

[0036] Example 3, a growing pig feed consists of the following raw materials by weight: Corn flour 50 parts, concentrated feed 21 parts, wheat bran 11 parts and Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder 20 parts.

[0037] The preparation method of the fattening pig feed is as follows: The Fagopyrum dibotrys straw is dried to reduce the water content to 6%, and then crushed by a crusher and sieved to control the particle size to 5 mm to obtain Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder.

[0038] The corn flour, concentrated feed, wheat bran and Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder are mixed by weight parts to obtain the fattening pig feed.

[0039] Comparative Example 1, a fattening pig feed consists of the following raw materials by weight parts: Corn flour 60 parts, concentrated feed 20 parts, wheat bran 10 parts and Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder 10 parts.

[0040] The preparation method of the fattening pig feed is as follows: The Fagopyrum dibotrys straw is dried to reduce the water content to 12%, and then crushed by a crusher and sieved to control the particle size to 3 mm to obtain Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder.

[0041] The corn flour, concentrated feed, wheat bran and Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder are mixed by weight parts to obtain the fattening pig feed. It is recorded as C60B10 group fattening pig feed.

[0042] Comparative Example 2, a fattening pig feed consists of the following raw materials by weight parts: Corn flour 60 parts, concentrated feed 20 parts, wheat bran 10 parts, rice bran 10 parts and Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder 20 parts.

[0043] The preparation method of the fattening pig feed is as follows: The Fagopyrum dibotrys straw is dried to reduce the water content to 12%, and then crushed by a crusher and sieved to control the particle size to 3 mm to obtain Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder.

[0044] The corn flour, concentrated feed, wheat bran and Fagopyrum dibotrys straw powder are mixed by weight parts to obtain the fattening pig feed. It is recorded as C60R10 group fattening pig feed.

[0045] The formula is a basic diet, which is configured according to the Pig Feeding Standard (NY / T65-2004) and the standard of the National Research Council (NRC) (2012) for the standard control of the feed formula of the application.

[0046] Test Example 1, animal feeding and basic growth data Fifteen healthy fattening pigs were selected and randomly divided into three groups of five pigs each. Each group was fed one of the three feeds described in Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 and 2, with free access to feed. The feeding period was 100 days. The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0047] Table 1 Animal feeding and basal growth data The results showed that although the C50B20 group had a higher starting weight and limited room for weight gain, they still achieved continuous and stable growth, indicating that the formula helps maintain healthy homeostasis of physiological growth, rather than simply pursuing the speed of weight gain.

[0048] Experimental Example 2: Intestinal Microbiota Analysis 1. Experimental Methods After the conclusion of Experiment 1 above, fattening pigs were allowed free access to water and fasted for 12 hours. Colonic contents samples were collected at slaughter for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbial diversity was analyzed using QIIME2 software, with a significance level set at [value missing]. P <0.05.

[0049] 2. Results and Analysis (1) α-diversity analysis The ACE index showed significant differences in gut microbiota richness among the three groups (ANOVA). P =0.0039), with the C60R10 group having the highest value and the C50B20 group having the lowest value. Figure 1 As shown. No significant differences were observed in the Shannon index among the three groups (ANOVA, P =0.99), such as Figure 2 As shown, this indicates that the overall level of diversity is relatively stable.

[0050] It is worth noting that although the abundance of group C50B20 is slightly lower, its bacterial composition is more concentrated in the genus Lactobacillus ( Lactobacillus spp. ), butyric acid production Lachnospiraceae gut microbiota and cholesterol-lowering effects Eubacterium coprostanoligenes Key functional microbiota exhibit an optimization trend of "low abundance but high functional dominance," which is beneficial for stabilizing the intestinal environment and improving metabolism.

[0051] (2) Belongs to the horizontal differential flora LEfSe analysis showed that the C50B20 group was significantly enriched with typical probiotic flora, including Lactobacillus spp. ( Lactobacillus spp. ), cholesterol-lowering Eubacterium coprostanoligenes Microbial flora and butyric acid production Lachnospiraceae Microbial flora. For example... Figure 3 As shown.

[0052] The above results demonstrate that the formulation of the present invention can achieve functional remodeling of the gut microbiota by selectively promoting the core probiotic flora.

[0053] (3) Community structure analysis PCoA analysis based on Bray-Curtis distance showed that the C50B20 group samples were significantly separated from the two control groups (C60R10 and C60B10) on both PCo1 and PCo2, forming independent clusters, such as... Figure 4 As shown in the figure. This phenomenon reflects a significant difference in the microecological structure of the C50B20 group compared to the control group, further verifying the significant effect of the feed of the present invention in reshaping the intestinal flora structure.

[0054] in conclusion The results of α-diversity, differential bacterial count, and community structure analysis indicate that the C50B20 formulation can selectively enrich *Lactobacillus* spp. within the Firmicutes phylum. Lachnospiraceae microbial community and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes Functional probiotic flora can build a more stable and healthy gut microecological environment, providing a favorable microbial basis for host metabolic regulation and tissue construction.

[0055] Experimental Example 3: Host Proteomics Analysis (1) Experimental methods After the completion of Experiment 1 above, fattening pigs were allowed free access to water, fasted for 12 hours, and then slaughtered to collect their liver tissue.

[0056] After RNA extraction, library construction, and high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq), differential expression analysis was performed on the obtained transcriptome data (differential screening criteria: |log2FC|≥1, P _adj<0.05).

[0057] Simultaneously, by combining the results of proteomics functional annotation, enrichment analysis was performed on the biological pathways of upregulated genes to reveal the molecular mechanisms by which feed formulations affect host tissue construction and metabolic regulation.

[0058] (2) Results and Analysis The results are as follows Figure 5 As shown in the heatmap of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in liver tissue, the C50B20 group exhibited a significant upregulation trend in multiple genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and tissue stability. Among them, LOX (lysooxidase) DCN (Decorin) DPT (Dermatopontin) NID2 (Nidogen-2) and SPARCL1The key genes in C50B20 group all showed higher expression levels. These genes are known to be involved in collagen cross-linking, matrix structure maintenance, fiber connection and regulation of basement membrane related components respectively, and their common up-regulation trend suggests that C50B20 may promote the strengthening of ECM related structure or the tissue repair process. Compared with the control group, the gene expression pattern of the C50B20 group shows a change towards the function of ECM and tissue homeostasis. The above results are consistent with the optimization trend of the intestinal flora Figures 1-4 ) direction, suggesting that there may be a certain degree of synergy between intestinal microecological changes and host tissue gene expression.

[0059] Conclusion Combined Figures 1-4 microbiology results and Figure 5 liver gene expression characteristics, it can be seen that C50B20 feed shows a consistent regulation trend at the level of “intestinal microecology-host metabolism-tissue structure”. At the intestinal level, the C50B20 group is enriched in Lactobacillus in the Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes and other probiotic flora, showing a more beneficial flora structure for the production of short-chain fatty acids and the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis; at the host level, the liver differential expression gene heat map shows that the expression levels of various genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and tissue homeostasis (such as LOX , DCN , DPT , NID2 , SPARCL1 , etc.) are increased, reflecting the active trend of tissue structure maintenance and repair process. The above microbiological changes and host tissue gene expression characteristics are consistent in direction, suggesting that C50B20 feed may form a synergistic physiological interaction relationship through “microecological improvement-body metabolic response-tissue structure regulation” to support the healthy growth of the body.

[0060] It should be noted that the fattening pig feed prepared in Examples 2-3 is also used for animal feeding and basic growth experiments, intestinal flora analysis and host proteomics analysis, and the experimental results are similar to those of Example 1, so they are not described in detail.

[0061] In summary, the present application constructs C50B20 feed combination composed of F. davidiana Hance straw and energy raw materials, which shows a consistent optimization trend at the level of intestinal microecology and host tissue metabolism. This formula not only promotes the enrichment of functional flora such as Lactobacillus, showing a more beneficial microecological structure for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis; at the same time, LOX , DCN , DPT ,NID2 , SPARCL1 genes related to extracellular matrix showed up-regulation trend, reflecting the enhanced tendency of tissue structure maintenance and repair process. The above multi-level changes form a synergistic relationship in direction, suggesting that the formula of the application has the advantage of linkage regulation from intestinal microecology to tissue metabolism, providing support for the health and high-quality growth of fattening pigs.

[0062] On this basis, the pigs showed a healthy and stable growth momentum, indicating that the feed formula can effectively support the metabolic homeostasis of fattening pigs. The application simultaneously realizes the resource utilization of agricultural by-products, and has clear technical effects and application value.

[0063] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described, but as long as the combinations of the technical features do not exist contradictory, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

[0064] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation manners of the application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it should not be understood as a limitation on the scope of the patent. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A feed for finishing pigs, characterized in that The corn flour, the concentrated feed, the wheat bran and the Fagopyrum cymosum straw powder are mixed by weight parts to obtain the fattening pig feed.

2. The feeder pig feed of claim 1, wherein, The corn flour, the concentrated feed, the wheat bran and the Fagopyrum cymosum straw powder are mixed by weight parts to obtain the fattening pig feed.

3. The method of preparing a feed for a finishing pig according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, Specifically comprising the following steps: The Fagopyrum cymosum straw is dried to reduce the water content to below 12%, and then is crushed and sieved by a crusher to obtain the Fagopyrum cymosum straw powder; The corn flour, the concentrated feed, the wheat bran and the Fagopyrum cymosum straw powder are mixed by weight parts to obtain the fattening pig feed.

4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized by, The particle size of the Fagopyrum cymosum straw powder is 2mm-5mm.

5. The use of the fattening pig feed according to any one of claims 1-2 in the preparation of a product for promoting the healthy growth of fattening pigs.

6. Use according to claim 5, characterized in that, The product promotes the healthy growth of fattening pigs by improving the intestinal microecological structure and regulating the gene expression characteristics related to tissue homeostasis.

7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that, The improvement of the intestinal microecological structure is manifested in that: Specifically enriched are functional microbiota of the phylum Firmicutes, Lactobacillus genus Lactobacillus spp. Eubacterium coprostanoligenes , cholesterol-reducing Lachnospiraceae microbiota and / or butyrate-producing The regulation of the gene expression characteristics related to tissue homeostasis includes the regulation of the gene expression level of the genes related to tissue development and extracellular matrix in the body of the fattening pigs to be increased; microbiota.

8. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that, LOX The genes include any one or a combination of DCN , DPT , NID2 , SPARCL1 and The steps include: .

9. A method of growing and finishing pigs, characterized in that, The fattening pig is fed with the fattening pig feed according to claim 1 or 2. The feeding is in a free-feeding mode, and the feeding period is 90-110 days.

10. The method of finishing pigs for farming according to claim 9, characterized in that, ​

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