Interactive observation station mirror station measurement system and vertical shaft construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an interactive observation station mirror station measurement system and a vertical shaft construction method, and belongs to the technical field of engineering surveying, and the system comprises an inverted measurement unit which is installed in an inverted state, is configured to collect heading machine target data in real time in the inverted state, and builds an underground control point network composed of at least two control points; the upright measuring unit is installed in an upright state and is configured to set a station by observing the control point network and execute construction measurement based on the set station; the data processing and control module is in communication connection with the inverted measuring unit and is used for receiving and processing data acquired by the inverted measuring unit in real time and outputting a heading machine guiding instruction; and the two measuring units form an interactive and cooperative observation station and mirror station relationship. According to the invention, mutually independent measurement processes are successfully fused into an intelligent, real-time and high-precision organic whole, and an unprecedented comprehensive measurement solution is provided for construction of the ultra-deep vertical shaft full-face heading machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering surveying technology, and in particular to an interactive station-mirror station surveying system and a shaft construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of shaft construction, especially in the advanced technology of using full-face shaft tunneling machines for one-time shaft completion, achieving real-time, continuous, and high-precision guidance and control of the tunneling machine's attitude is the core technological bottleneck to ensure project quality, efficiency, and safety.

[0003] Currently, shaft construction surveying mainly relies on two types of technical solutions. The first type primarily uses traditional optical-mechanical methods, typically employing laser point projectors, plumb bobs, or zenith-nadir instruments to transmit planar coordinates and elevations. This type of solution has inherent technical drawbacks: First, the data acquisition process is entirely manual, failing to achieve automated real-time data feedback, resulting in delayed correction control response; second, measurement accuracy decreases exponentially with shaft depth, making it difficult to meet the millimeter-level control requirements of deep strata construction; third, it can only acquire planar coordinates and elevation data, unable to analyze key attitude parameters of the tunneling machine (such as pitch and roll angles), resulting in incomplete attitude modeling information.

[0004] The second type of technical solution attempts to upgrade measurements by introducing high-precision total stations. However, in the uniquely confined space of a shaft, the application of total stations faces multiple irreconcilable technical contradictions. Specifically, conventional upright total stations, limited by their physical structure and optical field of view, typically have a maximum downward angle of no more than 53°, which cannot cover the observation needs of the tunneling machine target at the bottom of the shaft. Although inverted installation can solve the line-of-sight problem, it introduces new systemic technical obstacles: First, the instrument itself lacks an adaptive leveling function in the inverted state, leading to instability of the measurement benchmark; second, the angle data logic generated by inverted observation is fundamentally different from that of the traditional measurement system, making it incompatible with the existing construction measurement process; third, and most importantly, the existing technical system has not yet established a collaborative working framework between the "upright benchmark unit" and the "inverted construction unit," specifically manifested in the lack of a data fusion algorithm under a unified coordinate system, making it impossible to achieve data mutual recognition and accuracy transfer between the two working modes; fourth, there is a lack of a dynamic compensation mechanism to eliminate the systemic errors caused by instrument attitude conversion; fifth, a measurement network topology with self-checking capabilities has not been formed, resulting in a lack of technical support for the reliability assessment of measurement results.

[0005] The essence of the aforementioned technical dilemma lies in the fact that existing solutions are always limited to the functional improvement of single devices, failing to reconstruct the vertical shaft measurement system architecture from a systems engineering perspective. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a completely new measurement system architecture and method that can fundamentally overcome the attitude limitations of measuring instruments in vertical shaft spaces, construct a comprehensive solution that can achieve real-time dynamic guidance, serve integrated construction measurement throughout the entire process, and ensure that all measurement data are under the same high-precision control system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an interactive station-based measurement system and a shaft construction method to solve the problem that existing technologies, due to limitations in the functional improvement of a single measuring instrument, cannot construct a unified high-precision measurement system from a systems engineering perspective that can overcome the spatial attitude limitations of shafts, achieve real-time dynamic guidance, and serve the integrated construction process.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] This application discloses an interactive stationary measurement system for shaft construction, comprising:

[0009] The equipment platform is fixed to the shaft wall;

[0010] An automatic leveling base is fixedly installed on the equipment platform;

[0011] The inverted measurement unit is installed in an inverted state via the automatic leveling base. It is configured to collect target data of the tunneling machine in real time in the inverted state and establish a network of downhole control points consisting of at least two control points.

[0012] An upright measuring unit is installed in an upright state via the automatic leveling base. It is configured to establish stations by observing the control point network and to perform construction surveys based on the established stations.

[0013] The data processing and control module is communicatively connected to the inverted measuring unit and is used to receive and process the data collected in real time by the inverted measuring unit and output the tunneling machine guidance command.

[0014] The upright measurement unit and the inverted measurement unit form an interactive and cooperative station-mirror relationship through the control point network and the data processing and control module.

[0015] Preferably, the automatic leveling base includes:

[0016] A measuring component is used to detect the tilt of the base relative to a horizontal reference in real time;

[0017] A control unit, communicatively connected to the measuring unit, is used to generate a compensation command based on the tilt amount;

[0018] A transmission component, connected to the control component, is used to move according to the compensation command until the tilt detected by the measuring component returns to zero.

[0019] Preferably, the leveling accuracy of the automatic leveling base is no greater than ±30 arcseconds.

[0020] Preferably, the real-time data output by the inverted measurement unit is converted by a built-in algorithm, wherein:

[0021] The vertical angle conversion logic is 180 degrees minus the observation value on the left side of the screen, or 540 degrees minus the observation value on the right side of the screen;

[0022] The horizontal angle conversion logic is 360 degrees minus the observed value.

[0023] Preferably, the inverted measurement unit and the upright measurement unit are configured such that when they operate under the same meteorological conditions, the same control benchmark, and the same observation procedures, their observation results jointly conform to the same level of engineering measurement control network specification accuracy index.

[0024] Preferably, the system also includes an observation platform fixed to the shaft wall and independent of the equipment platform, with a load-bearing capacity of not less than 500 kg, and equipped with a viewing hole and an accessory placement area.

[0025] Preferably, the equipment platform is designed to bear a load of no less than 150 kg and is fixedly connected to the shaft wall by support anchors.

[0026] Preferably, the inverted measuring unit, the upright measuring sheet, and the automatic leveling base are arranged concentrically and coaxially, with a maximum coaxial error of less than 1 mm.

[0027] A method for constructing a shaft using a system as described in any of the above claims includes the following steps:

[0028] The inverted measuring unit is used to collect target data of the tunneling machine in real time and establish control points inside the well;

[0029] Based on the data collected in real time by the inverted measuring unit, the real-time guidance and correction of the tunneling machine are realized through the data processing and control module;

[0030] Using the upright measuring unit and the control points established by the inverted measuring unit as the backsight reference, construction layout and cross-section measurement are carried out.

[0031] Preferably, the specific steps of the real-time guidance and correction are as follows:

[0032] Receive the tunneling machine target data collected by the inverted measurement unit;

[0033] Calculate the deviation between the current position of the tunneling machine and the design axis;

[0034] Based on the deviation, a directional cylinder control command is generated;

[0035] The control command is sent to the tunneling machine's steering system to perform correction.

[0036] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. By integrating an inverted modified total station with a high-precision automatic leveling base system, the fundamental problem of insufficient downward angle (usually no more than 53°) of conventional total stations in vertical shafts has been successfully solved. This system allows the measurement line of sight to cover the entire tunneling face vertically downwards without obstruction, enabling high-precision measurements in conditions where traditional methods are not feasible.

[0038] 2. By continuously observing the tunneling machine target using an inverted modified total station, and through real-time calculation and command generation by the data processing and control module, a closed-loop automatic guidance system was constructed. This allows the tunneling machine's heading deviation and attitude to be detected and corrected in milliseconds, completely changing the outdated situation where traditional laser projection and hammer-based methods could not collect data or correct deviations in real time, ensuring that the shaft was excavated strictly according to the design axis.

[0039] 3. A creative "interactive station-mirror-station" relationship integrates the inverted modified total station responsible for control benchmark transfer with the upright conventional total station responsible for specific construction surveying into a unified whole. Both operate based on a unified control network, ensuring that all measurement data, from real-time dynamic guidance to excavation cross-section measurement, steel pipe installation layout, and as-built surveying, are traceable to the same high-precision control benchmark. This solves the "data silo" problem caused by the coexistence of multiple measurement methods, forming a truly integrated solution. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device platform provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the interaction between a modified total station and a conventional total station provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the observation platform provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an interactive station mirror measurement system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a shaft construction method provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the technical solution of this application clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the claims and specification of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate. This is merely a way of distinguishing objects with the same attributes in the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of units is not necessarily limited to those units, but may include other units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] This embodiment provides an interactive measuring system for shaft construction, including an equipment platform, an automatic leveling base, an inverted measuring unit, an upright measuring unit, and a data processing and control module.

[0049] The equipment platform is fixed to the shaft wall.

[0050] Furthermore, the equipment platform is designed to bear a load of no less than 150 kg and is fixedly connected to the shaft wall through support anchor bolts.

[0051] In this embodiment, the equipment platform serves as the spatial reference generation and maintenance unit for the entire system. It is firmly connected to the shaft wall via support anchors. Depending on actual construction needs, the support anchors can be replaced with rigid components such as diagonal braces or tension braces. Simultaneously, the equipment platform is designed to bear a load of no less than 150 kg to ensure it can stably support the automatic leveling base, inverted measuring unit, and upright measuring unit. The overall structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0052] The automatic leveling base is fixedly installed on the equipment platform.

[0053] The core function of the automatic leveling base is to autonomously and proactively establish and continuously maintain a precise measurement reference surface, thereby providing an ultra-stable working reference for the upper measurement unit in the complex micro-environment of the shaft, such as construction vibration and equipment deformation, so as to fundamentally liberate the measurement unit from the dependence on traditional and cumbersome manual leveling operations.

[0054] In this embodiment, the ALP-05 automatic leveling base (hereinafter referred to as the ALP-05 base) is specifically selected as the core leveling unit of the system. The ALP-05 base is securely fixed to the equipment platform via the UNC5 / 8"-11 bolt hole in the center of its chassis or the flange in the middle. This rigid connection structure integrates the ALP-05 base and the equipment platform into a stable whole, providing an extremely stable mounting foundation not only for the upper measurement unit, especially the inverted measurement unit, but also helping to resist minor vibrations downhole, ensuring the initial stability and long-term maintenance capability of the measurement reference.

[0055] Furthermore, the automatic leveling base includes;

[0056] A measuring component is used to detect the tilt of the base relative to a horizontal reference in real time;

[0057] The control unit, which is in communication with the measuring unit, is used to generate compensation commands based on the tilt amount.

[0058] The transmission component, connected to the control component, is used to move according to compensation commands until the tilt detected by the measuring component returns to zero.

[0059] The realization of the automatic leveling base function relies on three core functional components integrated within it: a measuring component, a control component, and a transmission component. Together, they constitute a high-precision, closed-loop automatic leveling system.

[0060] The measuring component acts as a sentinel for sensing attitude deviations, its function being to detect the amount and direction of tilt of the base mounting plane relative to a true horizontal reference in real time and dynamically. It continuously monitors the real-time attitude of the base using a high-sensitivity sensor and converts the detected tilt data into an electrical signal output.

[0061] The control unit communicates with the measurement unit, forming the decision-making center of the system. Its function is to receive real-time tilt data from the measurement unit, process and analyze it through embedded logic algorithms, and generate accurate and directional compensation commands accordingly.

[0062] The transmission component is driven to connect with the control component. As the actuator of the system, its function is to receive compensation commands issued by the control component and perform precise micro-displacement mechanical movements according to the compensation commands, thereby actively adjusting the spatial attitude of the base bearing plane.

[0063] This automatic leveling base supports automatic operation mode. The ALP-05 base is powered by 10V~35V DC. Once the base is powered on, its control unit will control the entire system (measuring components and transmission components) to enter a continuous working state, compensating for the tilt of the base in real time.

[0064] Its working process is a continuously operating dynamic closed-loop control: measurement → decision → execution → feedback. Specifically, the measuring component detects the tilt amount in real time and feeds it back to the control component; the control component processes the data in real time and issues drive commands; the transmission component responds to the commands and makes precise adjustments, and the result of this movement is immediately sensed by the measuring component, forming a closed loop. This process repeats until the tilt amount detected by the measuring component is compensated to zero, so that the base can quickly reach and stabilize at a precise level at any time.

[0065] Through the coordinated work of these three functional components, the automatic leveling base can achieve fully automatic and high-precision active leveling under complex working conditions in shaft construction (such as equipment vibration, load changes and structural micro-deformation), completely freeing the measurement unit from the traditional tedious and inefficient manual leveling operation, and providing a reliable and stable working benchmark for the entire construction measurement system.

[0066] Furthermore, the leveling accuracy of the automatic leveling base is controlled within a range of no more than ±30 arcseconds. This high-precision specification ensures that the inverted or upright measuring unit supported by the automatic leveling base can operate on an extremely stable and precise reference surface, fundamentally eliminating systematic errors caused by the inclination of the reference surface, and laying a solid foundation for unifying all subsequent measurement data into the same high-precision control system.

[0067] In addition, the ALP-05 base's IP66 dustproof and waterproof rating and its operating temperature range of -20℃ to +50℃ enable it to adapt to downhole environments.

[0068] By adopting the ALP-05 automatic leveling base and fixing it to the equipment platform, this embodiment not only successfully solved the problem of automatic, high-precision, and continuous leveling of the inverted total station in the full-section construction of the vertical shaft VBE, but also provided the prerequisite for the installation design of the upright measurement unit, the inverted measurement unit and the base center being concentric and coaxial, fundamentally ensuring the benchmark uniformity and data accuracy of the integrated measurement system for vertical shaft construction.

[0069] The inverted measurement unit is installed in an inverted state via an automatic leveling base. It is configured to collect target data from the tunneling machine in real time in the inverted state and establish a network of downhole control points consisting of at least two control points.

[0070] The inverted measuring unit is a core component of the interactive total station system. It is fixedly installed on the equipment platform in an inverted state via an automatic leveling base. This unit is based on a conventional total station, but its measurement logic, data processing, and configuration methods have been specially designed and modified for the special working conditions of inverted installation in a shaft. This is to overcome the depression angle limitation of conventional total stations. In other words, the inverted measuring unit is essentially an inverted modified total station.

[0071] To achieve accurate measurements in its inverted state and establish a unified downhole control benchmark, the functional configuration and operating method of this unit are as follows:

[0072] 1. Dedicated configuration for measurement logic

[0073] This inverted measurement unit incorporates dedicated angle processing logic to perform real-time conversion of raw observations, ensuring that its display and output remain consistent with conventional upright measurement systems. Specifically, this logic includes:

[0074] Vertical angle correction: For the original vertical angle observation value obtained in the inverted state, when observing from the left side of the screen, the displayed vertical angle is 180° - the original observation value; when observing from the right side of the screen, the displayed vertical angle is 540° - the original observation value. This can be used to correct for differences in the reference plane caused by inverted installation.

[0075] Horizontal angle correction: The original horizontal angle observation value is transformed according to the rule of 360° minus the original observation value to maintain the directional uniformity of the measurement coordinate system.

[0076] 2. Methods for constructing downhole control point networks

[0077] One of the core functions of this inverted measuring unit is to establish and maintain a unified control benchmark that spans the entire depth of the shaft. The construction method specifically includes: First, the inverted measuring unit, mounted upside down on the equipment platform, is backsighted to the control point (the tunnel wall prism) with known coordinates at the shaft opening, completing the coordinate system transfer; then, the telescope is rotated, and the measuring beam is projected vertically downwards into the depths of the shaft, sequentially aiming at and observing multiple reflective targets pre-positioned on the shaft wall or underground tank platform, whose initial spatial coordinates are unknown; next, using the downward projection angle, the converted angle observation values, and the distance measurement results, combined with the known backsight point coordinates, the precise three-dimensional coordinates of each unknown reflective target point located in front of its measuring beam path are calculated in real time using the principle of spatial polar coordinate measurement; finally, these newly established control points underground are defined as underground control points, thus forming an underground control point network consisting of at least two underground foresight points, serving all subsequent construction measurements. The establishment and maintenance of this network ensures that all measurement data from top to bottom of the shaft are traceable to the same high-precision control system.

[0078] 3. System integration and real-time data acquisition function

[0079] Under the scheduling of the data processing and control module, the inverted measurement unit continuously and automatically observes the laser target installed on the tunneling machine to collect the three-dimensional coordinates and attitude data of the target in real time, providing a data source for the real-time dynamic correction of the tunneling machine.

[0080] Simultaneously, the downhole control points established by the inverted measurement unit are directly configured as the backsight references for the upright measurement unit. That is, the foresight points formed by the inverted modified total station are the backsight points of the upright conventional total station, thus forming an interactive station operation mode of "inverted station setup, upright backsight." Both roles are clearly defined and their functions are complementary, forming a self-verifying and mutually supportive measurement closed loop, jointly ensuring that all measurement data from guidance to lining is under the same high-precision control system.

[0081] The inverted measuring unit, through its unique installation method, dedicated calculation logic, and systematic functional configuration, successfully transforms the attitude limitations that traditional measuring instruments cannot overcome into system advantages. It is a key technology carrier for realizing full-section, integrated, and high-precision construction surveying of vertical shafts.

[0082] The upright measurement unit is installed in an upright state through an automatic leveling base and is configured to set up stations through the observation control point network and perform construction surveys based on the set stations.

[0083] In this embodiment, the upright measuring unit is a conventional total station. Simultaneously, the workflow of the upright measuring unit is precisely integrated with the reference established by the inverted measuring unit. Specifically, firstly, the upright measuring unit uses at least two downhole foresight points in the control point network established by the inverted measuring unit from top to bottom as its own backsight reference. It then precisely determines the three-dimensional coordinates and orientation of its measuring stations using the resection method, thereby incorporating them into a unified downhole control reference. Next, based on the established measuring stations and reference, the upright measuring unit performs a series of measurement operations during shaft construction, including but not limited to cross-sectional measurements of the excavation face and after support, precise layout and inspection of steel pipe installation, and final as-built shape measurement.

[0084] With the above configuration, as Figure 2 As shown, each "foresight point" constructed downhole by the inverted total station plays the role of a "backsight reference point" in the surveying task of the upright total station. Through this inheritance and transformation of "foresight" and "backsight", the upright conventional total station can seamlessly extend the unified downhole control reference and serve the specific construction links of the entire process, thus forming a complete closed loop from reference transfer to terminal execution.

[0085] Furthermore, the inverted measuring unit, the upright measuring sheet, and the automatic leveling base are arranged concentrically and coaxially, with a maximum coaxial error of less than 1 mm.

[0086] To ensure the uniqueness and accuracy of the spatial reference for the entire measurement system, this embodiment employs a sophisticated mechanical integration scheme: the inverted measurement unit, the automatic leveling base, and the upright measurement unit are arranged concentrically and coaxially. Specifically, the automatic leveling base is fixed to the equipment platform with screws; the inverted measurement unit is installed at the center of the base's bottom, and the upright measurement unit is fixed at the center of the base's top, with the rotation centers of all three strictly aligned along the vertical direction of the shaft. Actual measurements have verified that the maximum coaxial error of this structure is strictly controlled within 1 millimeter. This design completely eliminates systematic errors caused by misalignment between different measurement units at the physical level, providing a unified and stable spatial reference for all observation data.

[0087] Furthermore, the inverted and upright measurement units are configured such that when both operate under the same meteorological conditions, the same control benchmark, and the same observation procedures, their observation results jointly conform to the same level of engineering survey control network specification accuracy index.

[0088] The inverted and upright measuring units are configured collaboratively and defined as a unified observation system. To ensure seamless compatibility and consistency of data throughout the entire process from control transfer to construction layout, both are set to operate under the same meteorological conditions, based on the same control benchmark, and following the same observation procedures. In this collaborative working mode, the observation results of both units have been verified to jointly meet the same level of engineering surveying control network accuracy specifications. In this embodiment, this accuracy specification is the Class IV control network accuracy technical requirement.

[0089] In other words, regardless of whether the data comes from the upright or inverted measurement unit, it can be seamlessly integrated and processed within the same high-precision control system, forming an integrated solution with consistent accuracy and seamless connection from real-time dynamic guidance to final as-built measurement. This ensures that the final well completion quality is highly consistent with the design axis at the system level.

[0090] The data processing and control module is connected to the inverted measuring unit and is used to receive and process the data collected in real time by the inverted measuring unit and output the tunneling machine guidance command.

[0091] The data processing and control module, serving as the control center of the entire measurement system, establishes a reliable connection with the inverted measurement unit via a communication line supporting industrial communication protocols. Its operational logic and parameter configuration are centrally operated and controlled by a computer system located in the control room. This communication line not only enables physical signal transmission but also carries standard industrial protocols (such as Modbus RTU / PROFIBUS), ensuring real-time and reliable bidirectional data interaction.

[0092] The data processing and control module is primarily responsible for performing the following operations: First, it receives raw observation data from the tunneling machine target, which is collected in real time by the inverted measurement unit. Then, it processes the received data, including but not limited to coordinate calculation, deviation analysis, and accuracy assessment. It should be noted that this module is equipped with a dedicated navigation algorithm that can compare the calculated target coordinates with the design axis in real time to calculate the instantaneous heading deviation and attitude angle of the tunneling machine. Finally, based on the comparison and calculation results, it generates guidance commands for controlling the tunneling machine's heading cylinders. These commands are displayed on the human-machine interface in the control room in a combination of graphics and numbers and can be transmitted to the tunneling machine's control system via industrial bus or wireless network to drive it to perform real-time, dynamic correction actions.

[0093] Furthermore, the upright measurement unit and the inverted measurement unit form an interactive and collaborative station-mirror relationship through a control point network and a data processing and control module.

[0094] The upright and inverted measurement units do not work independently, but rather form an organic and interactive cooperative relationship between the station and the mirror station through the overall scheduling of the control point network and the data processing and control module.

[0095] Specifically, the control points established by the inverted surveying unit, acting as the benchmark establishment unit, are directly configured as the backsight benchmark points of the upright surveying unit. Conversely, the results obtained by the upright surveying unit in construction surveying can serve as verification and supplement to the accuracy of the control network established by the inverted surveying unit. The data processing and control module, as the system's control center, not only processes data but also coordinates the working logic of both. It ensures that the real-time guidance data collected by the inverted surveying unit and the construction layout data executed by the upright surveying unit both originate from and return to the same spatial benchmark, thus logically forming a self-verifying and mutually supportive measurement closed loop, achieving full-process integration from dynamic guidance to static measurement.

[0096] Furthermore, the system also includes an observation platform fixed to the shaft wall and independent of the equipment platform, with a load-bearing capacity of not less than 500 kg, and equipped with a viewing hole and an accessory placement area.

[0097] The observation platform is independent of the equipment platform and is fixed to the shaft wall. It is configured to have a load-bearing capacity of no less than 500 kg to provide a safe and stable operating space for observers and to meet the needs of placing measurement accessories such as batteries and communication modules (CPE).

[0098] The observation platform panel is equipped with a viewing hole, which is configured to ensure that the observation line of the upright or inverted measurement unit can pass through the platform directly to the downhole target without obstruction.

[0099] like Figure 3 As shown, the observation platform also has an accessory placement area, which is planned to safely and orderly place various auxiliary equipment, thereby maximizing the optimization of the limited working space downhole while ensuring functionality, and improving the human-machine efficiency and operational safety of the entire system.

[0100] The interactive station-mirror measurement system provided in this embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the independent measurement processes have been successfully integrated into an intelligent, real-time, and high-precision organic whole, providing an unprecedented comprehensive measurement solution for the construction of ultra-deep vertical shaft full-face tunnel boring machines, fundamentally ensuring the quality of well completion and construction efficiency.

[0101] Example 2

[0102] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a shaft construction method using the system described in Embodiment 1, including the following steps S110-S130.

[0103] S110. Real-time acquisition of tunneling machine target data using an inverted measuring unit, and establishment of control points inside the well;

[0104] The inverted measuring unit is used to collect target data of the tunneling machine in real time. At the same time, the known control points at the back sight wellhead are used to measure and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of at least two control points on the shaft wall or tank platform using the polar coordinate method, thereby establishing and dynamically transmitting a unified downhole control point network.

[0105] S120: Based on the data collected in real time by the inverted measuring unit, the real-time guidance and correction of the tunneling machine is realized through the data processing and control module;

[0106] The data processing and control module first receives real-time observation data of the tunneling machine target from the inverted measurement unit, then calculates the spatial deviation between the current position and attitude of the tunneling machine and the design axis, and then generates control commands for the steering cylinder based on the deviation. Finally, the control commands are sent to the tunneling machine steering system to drive the steering cylinder to move and complete real-time correction.

[0107] S130. Using the upright measuring unit and the control points established by the inverted measuring unit as the backsight reference, construction layout and cross-section measurement are carried out.

[0108] Using the upright measuring unit, the control point established by the inverted measuring unit in step S110 is used as the backsight reference for setting up the station. Based on the station, the entire process of measurement work, including construction layout, cross-section measurement and as-built inspection of the shaft, is carried out.

[0109] Through the above methods, the inverted measurement unit and the upright measurement unit form an interactive and collaborative relationship based on a unified control benchmark, jointly ensuring that all construction stages from dynamic guidance to static measurement are under the same high-precision control system, forming a complete integrated vertical shaft construction measurement solution.

[0110] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An interactive station-based measurement system, applied to vertical shaft construction, characterized in that, include: The equipment platform is fixed to the shaft wall; An automatic leveling base is fixedly installed on the equipment platform; The inverted measurement unit is installed in an inverted state via the automatic leveling base. It is configured to collect target data of the tunneling machine in real time in the inverted state and establish a network of downhole control points consisting of at least two control points. An upright measuring unit is installed in an upright state via the automatic leveling base. It is configured to establish stations by observing the control point network and to perform construction surveys based on the established stations. The data processing and control module is communicatively connected to the inverted measuring unit and is used to receive and process the data collected in real time by the inverted measuring unit and output the tunneling machine guidance command. The upright measurement unit and the inverted measurement unit form an interactive and cooperative station-mirror relationship through the control point network and the data processing and control module.

2. The interactive station observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic leveling base includes: A measuring component is used to detect the tilt of the base relative to a horizontal reference in real time; A control unit, communicatively connected to the measuring unit, is used to generate a compensation command based on the tilt amount; A transmission component, connected to the control component, is used to move according to the compensation command until the tilt detected by the measuring component returns to zero.

3. The interactive station observation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The leveling accuracy of the automatic leveling base is no greater than ±30 arcseconds.

4. The interactive station-mirror measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time data output by the inverted measurement unit is converted by a built-in algorithm, wherein: The vertical angle conversion logic is 180 degrees minus the observation value on the left side of the screen, or 540 degrees minus the observation value on the right side of the screen; The horizontal angle conversion logic is 360 degrees minus the observed value.

5. The interactive station observation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inverted measurement unit and the upright measurement unit are configured such that when they operate under the same meteorological conditions, the same control benchmark, and the same observation procedures, their observation results jointly conform to the same level of engineering measurement control network specification accuracy index.

6. The interactive stationary measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes an observation platform fixed to the shaft wall and independent of the equipment platform, with a load-bearing capacity of not less than 500 kg, and equipped with a viewing hole and an accessory placement area.

7. An interactive stationary measurement system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The equipment platform is designed to bear a load of no less than 150 kg and is fixedly connected to the shaft wall by support anchors.

8. The interactive station observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inverted measuring unit, the upright measuring sheet, and the automatic leveling base are arranged concentrically and coaxially, with a maximum coaxial error of less than 1 mm.

9. A method for constructing a vertical shaft using the system described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The inverted measuring unit is used to collect target data of the tunneling machine in real time and establish control points inside the well; Based on the data collected in real time by the inverted measuring unit, the real-time guidance and correction of the tunneling machine are realized through the data processing and control module; Using the upright measuring unit and the control points established by the inverted measuring unit as the backsight reference, construction layout and cross-section measurement are carried out.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The specific steps for real-time guidance and correction are as follows: Receive the tunneling machine target data collected by the inverted measurement unit; Calculate the deviation between the current position of the tunneling machine and the design axis; Based on the deviation, a directional cylinder control command is generated; The control command is sent to the tunneling machine's steering system to perform correction.

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