Efficient and compact heat exchanger core for liquid metal and supercritical CO2

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient and compact heat exchanger core for liquid metal and supercritical CO2, relates to the technical field of heat exchange, and solves the problems that a traditional heat exchanger in the prior art is large in size and insufficient in pressure bearing capacity. The heat exchanger comprises a plurality of heat exchange units, hot plates are arranged in the heat exchange units, and at least one cold plate is arranged below the hot plates. The invention provides an efficient and compact heat exchanger core body using liquid metal and supercritical carbon dioxide, the liquid metal comprises but is not limited to liquid lead bismuth, potassium, sodium, potassium-sodium alloy and gallium, through differentiated flow channel design and optimized arrangement, the heat transfer amount of unit volume is increased, the enhanced heat transfer requirement is met, meanwhile, the LBE flow resistance and the blocking risk are reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. The flow property and the heat transfer efficiency are both considered, and the application requirements of lead-cooled fast reactors and other liquid metal / supercritical fluid coupling heat exchange systems are met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of heat exchange, in particular to a heat exchanger core. BACKGROUND

[0002] The fourth generation nuclear reactor technology, especially the liquid metal cooled fast reactor, has become a development focus due to its high safety, economy and sustainability. Among them, the lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) uses lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) as the core coolant, has the advantages of neutron economy, chemical inertness safety, and high operating temperature; the supercritical carbon dioxide (supercritical CO2) Brayton cycle power generation system is an ideal energy conversion scheme matched with LFR due to its compact equipment, high thermal efficiency, and flexible regulation. Liquid metals include but are not limited to lead-bismuth eutectic, sodium, potassium, potassium-sodium alloy, gallium, etc.

[0003] The intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) is a key component connecting the LBE loop and the supercritical CO2 power cycle, and its performance directly determines the system efficiency and compactness. Currently, traditional shell-and-tube, plate, and spiral tube heat exchangers have obvious shortcomings in the LBE and supercritical CO2 heat exchange working condition with high temperature and high pressure, and large differences in physical properties: first, the heat transfer efficiency is low, which is difficult to meet the demand for enhanced heat transfer of supercritical CO2 in the pseudo-critical region; second, the pressure-bearing capacity is limited, which cannot adapt to the high-pressure environment of LFR operation; third, the volume is large, which does not meet the development trend of compact equipment; fourth, the corrosion resistance is poor, which is easily affected by long-term erosion and corrosion of LBE, shortening the service life.

[0004] Although the printed circuit board heat exchanger (PCHE) has the advantages of high temperature and high pressure resistance, compact structure, and flexible flow channel design, it is the preferred type of IHX, but existing PCHE research focuses on supercritical CO2 or gas side flow and heat transfer, and there is insufficient research on the conjugate heat transfer of liquid metal LBE and supercritical CO2 in PCHE. The flow channel design is not optimized for the heat exchange characteristics of LBE-supercritical CO2, and cannot simultaneously solve the problems of large flow resistance and easy blockage of LBE, and insufficient heat transfer area of supercritical CO2. The existing heat exchangers (including traditional types and conventional PCHE) have the defects of low heat transfer efficiency, large flow resistance and easy blockage of LBE, large volume, and poor adaptability in the LBE and supercritical CO2 heat exchange scene. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the above background art, the present application proposes a high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metal and supercritical CO2, which solves the problem of large volume and insufficient pressure-bearing capacity of the traditional heat exchanger in the prior art.

[0006] The technical scheme of the present application is implemented as follows: a high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metal and supercritical CO2, comprising a plurality of heat exchange units, wherein a hot plate is arranged in each heat exchange unit, and at least one cold plate is arranged below the hot plate.

[0007] Further preferably, the hot plate is provided with a liquid metal channel, and the cross section of the liquid metal channel is a cylindrical plate or a semi-cylindrical plate, with a cross section radius of 0.5-1mm and a hydraulic diameter of 1-2mm.

[0008] Further preferably, the cold plate is provided with a supercritical CO2 channel.

[0009] Further preferably, the supercritical CO2 channel has a height of 0.1-0.5mm.

[0010] Further preferably, the cross section of the supercritical CO2 channel is a narrow rectangle, with a width of 1-4mm and a hydraulic diameter of 0.2-1mm.

[0011] Further preferably, the cross section of the supercritical CO2 channel is a corrugated plate, with a corrugation period of 0.4-0.8mm, a vertical height of wave crest and wave trough of 0.1-0.3mm, and a hydraulic diameter of 0.2-1mm.

[0012] Further preferably, the supercritical CO2 channel has M rows and 2M columns, wherein M is greater than or equal to 1.

[0013] Further preferably, the supercritical CO2 channel has 2N rows and N columns, wherein N is greater than or equal to 1.

[0014] Further preferably, the hot plate and / or the cold plate is a corrosion-resistant stainless steel plate.

[0015] A heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger core, and the heat exchanger core is connected with inlet and outlet pipelines.

[0016] The present application has the following beneficial effects: the present application provides a high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core using liquid metal and supercritical carbon dioxide, wherein the liquid metal includes but is not limited to liquid lead bismuth, potassium, sodium, potassium-sodium alloy, and gallium; through differential flow channel design and optimized arrangement, the unit volume heat transfer amount is improved, the demand for heat transfer enhancement is met, the LBE flow resistance and the risk of blockage are reduced, the flow performance and the heat transfer efficiency are considered, and the application demand of lead-cooled fast reactor and other liquid metal / supercritical fluid coupled heat exchange systems is adapted.

[0017] 1. High heat transfer efficiency and flow performance: Taking lead-bismuth eutectic as an example, the liquid metal channel is an LBE circular channel. The low flow resistance advantage of the LBE circular channel effectively reduces the flow pressure drop and flow rate of high-density LBE, reduces the risk of blockage caused by flow channel corrosion, erosion and corrosion product particle deposition, and improves operation reliability. The narrow wave-shaped channel of supercritical CO2 has three advantages of "disturbance enhancement, area increment and low resistance optimization", and flexible design of four arrangement forms, which makes the heat transfer unit volume of the heat exchanger increase by 35%-50% compared with the traditional full same semicircular channel PCHE, and the flow resistance is controlled in a reasonable range, realizing the synergistic optimization of high efficient heat transfer and low resistance flow.

[0018] 2. Strong adaptability: Four channel arrangement forms can be flexibly selected according to actual working condition requirements. Taking LBE channel as an example, it can meet the scene with extremely high requirement for LBE flow resistance, and through the enhanced heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO2 narrow wave-shaped channel, it can adapt to the working condition with higher demand for heat transfer efficiency, and the adaptation range is increased by more than 20% compared with the traditional structure.

[0019] 3. Wide application range: The application is particularly suitable for the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) of lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR), and can also be popularized to other liquid metal / supercritical fluid coupled heat exchange energy systems, such as fusion reactor cladding, advanced solar thermal power generation system, etc. The narrow wave-shaped channel has high efficient anti-blocking characteristics, which can prolong the service life of the equipment, reduce the operation and maintenance cost, and has important engineering application value and social and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the following embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0021] Figure 1 Structure diagram of the present application Figure 1 Figure 2 Structure diagram of the present application Figure 2 Figure 3 Structure diagram of the present application Figure 3 Figure 4 Side view of the present application Figure 3 Figure 5 Structure diagram of the present application Figure 4 Figure 6 Structure diagram of the present application Figure 5 ​​​​​​ Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 6 ; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Side view; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 7 ; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 8 ; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 9 ; Figure 12 for Figure 11 Side view; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 10 ; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 10 one; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 10 two; Figure 16 for Figure 15 Side view.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Liquid metal channel; 2. Supercritical CO2 channel. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] like Figure 1As shown in Example 1, a high-efficiency, compact heat exchanger core for liquid metals and supercritical CO2 includes several heat exchange units. Each heat exchange unit contains a hot plate, and below the hot plate is at least one cold plate. The hot and cold plates are alternately stacked to form the heat exchange units. These alternating hot and cold plates are then welded into an integrated core using vacuum diffusion welding. Utilizing the high-temperature, high-pressure resistance and compact structure of PCHE (Polyhydrogen-Cooled Heat Exchanger), this solves the problems of large size and insufficient pressure resistance in traditional heat exchangers. The differentiated flow channel design and optimized arrangement of the stacked heat exchange units, based on demand, increases the heat transfer per unit volume and meets the requirements for enhanced heat transfer while reducing LBE (Liquid Metal-Cooled Flow) resistance and blockage risk. This balances flow performance and heat transfer efficiency, making it suitable for lead-cooled fast reactors and other liquid metal / supercritical fluid coupled heat exchange systems. It offers superior heat transfer efficiency and flow performance, strong adaptability, and a wide range of applications.

[0025] like Figures 1-16 As shown in Example 2, in a high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metal and supercritical CO2, a liquid metal channel 1 is provided within the hot plate. The cross-section of the liquid metal channel 1 is a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical plate with a cross-sectional radius of 0.5-1 mm and a hydraulic diameter of 1-2 mm. The low flow resistance of the LBE circular channel effectively reduces the flow pressure drop and flow velocity of the high-density LBE, reduces the risk of blockage caused by flow channel corrosion, erosion, and corrosion product particle deposition, and improves operational reliability.

[0026] In this embodiment, a supercritical CO2 channel 2 is provided within the cold plate, and the height of the supercritical CO2 channel 2 is 0.1 mm. The supercritical CO2 narrow corrugated channel, through its triple advantages of "enhanced disturbance, increased area, and optimized low resistance," combined with a flexible design of four arrangement forms, increases the heat transfer per unit volume of the heat exchanger by 35%-50% compared to the traditional uniform semi-circular channel PCHE, while simultaneously controlling the flow resistance within a reasonable range, achieving synergistic optimization of efficient heat transfer and low-resistance flow.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown in Example 3, a high-efficiency, compact heat exchanger core for liquid metal and supercritical CO2 is described. The supercritical CO2 channel 2 has a narrow rectangular cross-section with a width of 1-4 mm and a hydraulic diameter of 0.2-1 mm. The narrow rectangular channel provides a larger heat transfer area for the same cross-sectional area, while enhancing the flow disturbance of supercritical CO2, significantly improving the heat transfer coefficient, and meeting its enhanced heat transfer requirements in the quasi-critical region.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid metal channel, taking the LBE channel as an example, arranges one circular LBE hot channel and one narrow rectangular supercritical CO2 cold channel accordingly. The low resistance of the circular channel ensures the safe flow of LBE, while the large heat transfer area of ​​the narrow rectangular channel improves the heat transfer efficiency on the supercritical CO2 side, making it suitable for scenarios with extremely high requirements for LBE resistance control.

[0029] In another preferred embodiment, the liquid metal channel uses an LBE channel as an example, with one semi-circular LBE hot channel and one supercritical CO2 narrow rectangular cold channel arranged accordingly. The energy consumption of LBE flow is controlled through the reasonable cross-sectional design of the semi-circular channel, and combined with the ultra-large heat transfer area of ​​the narrow rectangular channel, efficient heat exchange is ensured within an acceptable resistance range, making it suitable for scenarios with basic requirements for heat transfer efficiency.

[0030] All other structures are the same as in Example 2.

[0031] like Figures 2-4 and Figures 6-8 As shown in Example 4, a high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metal and supercritical CO2 is provided. The supercritical CO2 channel 2 has a corrugated plate cross-section with a corrugation period of 0.4-0.8 mm, a vertical height of 0.1-0.3 mm for the crests and troughs, and a hydraulic diameter of 0.2-1 mm. Narrow corrugated channels possess three core advantages: First, enhanced disturbance: the corrugated structure breaks the boundary layer of supercritical CO2 flow, forming periodic vortices, significantly enhancing fluid disturbance and improving heat transfer efficiency in the quasi-critical region, with a 15%-25% increase in heat transfer coefficient compared to rectangular channels. Second, increased area: for the same cross-sectional area, corrugated channels increase the heat transfer surface area by 30%-40% due to the undulating sidewalls, further improving the heat transfer capacity per unit volume. Third, optimized anti-clogging: corrugated channels have no right-angle dead corners, reducing impurity deposition on the supercritical CO2 side and lowering the risk of clogging. At the same time, the flow resistance is only 5%-8% higher than that of rectangular channels, achieving a better balance between efficient heat transfer and low-resistance flow, fully meeting the enhanced heat transfer requirements of supercritical CO2 in the quasi-critical region.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid metal channel, taking the LBE channel as an example, arranges one circular LBE hot channel and one narrow corrugated cold channel for supercritical CO2 in a corresponding arrangement. The low resistance of the circular channel ensures safe LBE flow, while the "high disturbance and large area" advantages of the narrow corrugated channel significantly improve the heat transfer efficiency on the supercritical CO2 side. This approach is suitable for scenarios with extremely high requirements for LBE resistance control, while simultaneously ensuring efficient heat exchange of supercritical CO2.

[0033] In another preferred embodiment, the liquid metal channel uses an LBE channel as an example, with one semi-circular LBE hot channel and one supercritical CO2 narrow corrugated cold channel arranged accordingly. By controlling the LBE flow energy consumption through the reasonable cross-sectional design of the semi-circular channel, and combining it with the enhanced heat transfer capacity of the narrow corrugated channel, higher heat transfer efficiency is achieved within an acceptable resistance range. Compared to the traditional rectangular channel arrangement, the heat transfer per unit volume is increased by more than 20%, making it suitable for scenarios with basic requirements for heat transfer efficiency.

[0034] All other structures are the same as in Example 2.

[0035] like Figures 10-12 As shown in Example 5, a high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metal and supercritical CO2 is provided. The supercritical CO2 channel 2 is arranged in M ​​rows and M columns. The supercritical CO2 channel 2 can be a wavy cold channel, a rectangular cold channel, or a combination of wavy and rectangular cold channels. Specifically, when M is 1, in a preferred embodiment, the liquid metal channel is an LBE channel, with one LBE circular hot channel and two horizontally parallel supercritical CO2 narrow wavy cold channels arranged accordingly. The wavy direction of the supercritical CO2 narrow wavy cold channels can be radial or circumferential. The low resistance of the circular channel is used to adapt to the heat exchange requirements of the two cold channels (avoiding the resistance surge caused by LBE flow diversion). Through the "disturbance superposition and area superposition" effect of the two narrow wavy cold channels, the heat transfer per unit volume is further improved. Compared with a single cold channel arrangement, the heat exchange efficiency is improved by 40%-50%, which is suitable for scenarios that require both LBE flow stability and high heat transfer efficiency.

[0036] In another preferred embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, taking the LBE channel as an example, the liquid metal channel arranges one circular LBE hot channel and two horizontally parallel supercritical CO2 narrow rectangular cold channels. The low resistance of the circular channel is utilized to meet the heat exchange requirements of the two cold channels (avoiding a surge in resistance due to LBE flow diversion). The combined area of ​​the two cold channels further enhances the heat transfer per unit volume, making it suitable for scenarios requiring both LBE flow stability and high heat transfer efficiency.

[0037] All other structures are the same as in Example 4.

[0038] like Figures 14-16As shown in Example 6, a high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metal and supercritical CO2 is provided. The supercritical CO2 channel 2 is arranged in 2N rows and N columns. The supercritical CO2 channel 2 can be a corrugated cold channel, a rectangular cold channel, or a combination of corrugated and rectangular cold channels. When N is 1, in a preferred embodiment, the liquid metal channel is an LBE channel, with one semi-circular LBE hot channel and two vertically arranged parallel narrow corrugated supercritical CO2 cold channels. The corrugation direction of the narrow corrugated supercritical CO2 cold channels can be radial or circumferential. The optimized curvature of the semi-circular channel ensures stable LBE flow. Combined with the area advantage of the two narrow corrugated cold channels and the flow network distribution, the heat transfer per unit volume is significantly improved. Simultaneously, the anti-clogging characteristics of the corrugated structure enhance the long-term reliability of the system, making it suitable for scenarios requiring higher heat transfer efficiency and long-term stable operation.

[0039] In another preferred embodiment, such as Figure 15 As shown, taking the LBE channel as an example, the liquid metal channel arranges one semi-circular LBE hot channel and two vertically parallel supercritical CO2 narrow rectangular cold channels. The optimized curvature of the semi-circular channel ensures stable LBE flow, and the combined area of ​​the two cold channels and the distribution of the flow network significantly improves the heat transfer per unit volume, making it suitable for scenarios with higher heat transfer efficiency requirements.

[0040] All other structures are the same as in Example 4.

[0041] like Figures 1-16 As shown in Example 7, a high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metal and supercritical CO2 is described. The liquid metal channel is exemplified by an LBE channel, and the hot and cold plates are made of stainless steel resistant to LBE corrosion. A heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger core connected to inlet and outlet pipes. Plates are prepared using austenitic stainless steel or a higher-grade alloy material resistant to LBE corrosion. Through chemical etching, a liquid metal channel 1 with a hydraulic diameter of 1-2 mm is machined on the hot plate, and a supercritical CO2 channel 2 with a hydraulic diameter of 0.1-0.4 mm is machined on the cold plate. The shape of the liquid metal channel 1 is selected according to actual conditions and requirements. The etched hot and cold plates are alternately stacked and vacuum diffusion welded under high temperature and high pressure to form an integrated, robust core. Finally, the inlet and outlet pipes are encapsulated and connected to form a complete heat exchanger unit.

[0042] All other structures are the same as any one of Examples 1-6. like Figures 1-16As shown in Example 8, a high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metal and supercritical CO2 is provided. The core structure uses a printed circuit board heat exchanger (PCHE), in which hot plates and cold plates are stacked alternately to form a unit. The hot plates and cold plates are welded into an integrated core by vacuum diffusion welding. By utilizing the high temperature and high pressure resistance and compact structure of PCHE, the problems of large volume and insufficient pressure bearing capacity of traditional heat exchangers are solved.

[0043] To address the differences in physical properties between LBE and supercritical CO2 (LBE is high-density and easily deposited; supercritical CO2 requires enhanced heat transfer in the near-critical region), the channel shape and parameters are designed differently: Liquid metal channel 1: adopts a circular or semi-circular cross-section with a cross-sectional radius of 0.5-1mm and a hydraulic diameter controlled between 1-2mm. The circular channel utilizes the characteristics of "smooth inner wall and regular cross-section" to minimize flow resistance and reduce LBE pressure drop and deposition blockage; the semi-circular channel balances resistance and manufacturing feasibility by optimizing the cross-sectional curvature (resistance is slightly higher than that of a circular channel but still controllable), adapting to the LBE flow requirements in different scenarios.

[0044] Supercritical CO2 Channel 2: A narrow corrugated cross-section is uniformly adopted, with a thickness of 0.1 mm, a corrugation period of 0.4-0.8 mm, a vertical height of 0.2 mm for crests and troughs, and a hydraulic diameter between 0.1-0.2 mm. Compared to traditional narrow rectangular channels, the narrow corrugated channel has three core advantages: First, enhanced disturbance: the corrugated undulating structure breaks the supercritical CO2 flow boundary layer, forming periodic vortices, significantly enhancing fluid disturbance and strengthening heat transfer efficiency in the quasi-critical region, increasing the heat transfer coefficient by 15%-25% compared to rectangular channels; Second, increased area: for the same cross-sectional area, the corrugated channel increases the heat transfer surface area by 30%-40% due to the undulating sidewalls, further improving the heat transfer capacity per unit volume; Third, optimized anti-clogging: the corrugated channel has no right-angle dead corners, reducing impurity deposition on the supercritical CO2 side and lowering the risk of clogging. Simultaneously, the flow resistance only increases by 5%-8% compared to rectangular channels, achieving a better balance between efficient heat transfer and low-resistance flow, fully meeting the enhanced heat transfer requirements of supercritical CO2 in the quasi-critical region.

[0045] By designing the flow channel correspondence between the hot plate and the cold plate, four differentiated layout forms are formed to adapt to different working conditions: One-to-one (LBE circular channel): One LBE circular hot channel is arranged in correspondence with one supercritical CO2 narrow corrugated cold channel. The low resistance of the circular channel ensures safe LBE flow, while the "high disturbance and large area" advantage of the narrow corrugated channel significantly improves the heat transfer efficiency on the supercritical CO2 side. This is suitable for scenarios with extremely high requirements for LBE resistance control, while simultaneously ensuring efficient heat exchange of supercritical CO2.

[0046] One-to-one (LBE semi-circular channel): One LBE semi-circular hot channel is paired with one supercritical CO2 narrow corrugated cold channel. The optimized cross-sectional design of the semi-circular channel controls LBE flow energy consumption, while the narrow corrugated channel enhances heat transfer, achieving higher heat transfer efficiency within acceptable resistance ranges. Compared to traditional rectangular channel arrangements, the heat transfer per unit volume is increased by more than 20%, making it suitable for scenarios with basic requirements for heat transfer efficiency.

[0047] One-to-two (LBE circular channel, supercritical CO2 horizontal parallel): One LBE circular hot channel is arranged in conjunction with two horizontally parallel supercritical CO2 narrow corrugated cold channels. The corrugation direction of the supercritical CO2 narrow corrugated cold channels can be selected to be along the axial or radial direction of the LBE semi-circular hot channel, or a combination of both. Utilizing the low-resistance characteristics of the circular channel, it adapts to the heat exchange requirements of the two cold channels (avoiding a surge in resistance due to LBE flow diversion). Through the "disturbance superposition and area superposition" effect of the two narrow corrugated cold channels, the heat transfer per unit volume is further improved. Compared to a single cold channel arrangement, the heat exchange efficiency is increased by 40%-50%, suitable for scenarios requiring both LBE flow stability and high heat transfer efficiency.

[0048] One-to-two (LBE semi-circular channel, supercritical CO2 vertically parallel): One LBE semi-circular hot channel is arranged in correspondence with two vertically parallel supercritical CO2 narrow corrugated cold channels. The corrugation direction of the supercritical CO2 narrow corrugated cold channels can be selected to be along the axial or radial direction of the LBE semi-circular hot channel, or a combination of both. Optimized curvature of the semi-circular channels ensures stable LBE flow. Combined with the area advantage of the two narrow corrugated cold channels and the distribution of the flow network, the heat transfer per unit volume is significantly improved. Simultaneously, the anti-clogging characteristics of the corrugated structure enhance the long-term reliability of the system. This configuration is suitable for scenarios requiring higher heat transfer efficiency and long-term stable operation.

[0049] A method for fabricating a high-efficiency, compact heat exchanger core using lead-bismuth and supercritical carbon dioxide includes the following steps: Plates are prepared using austenitic stainless steel or higher-grade alloy materials resistant to LBE corrosion. Through chemical etching, liquid metal channels 1 (circular or semi-circular) with a cross-sectional radius of 0.5-1 mm and a hydraulic diameter controlled between 1-2 mm are machined on the hot plate. Supercritical CO2 narrow corrugated channels with a thickness of 0.1 mm, a corrugation period of 0.4-0.8 mm, a peak-to-trough vertical height of 0.2 mm, and a hydraulic diameter between 0.1-0.2 mm are machined on the cold plate. The etched hot and cold plates are alternately stacked and vacuum diffusion welded under high temperature and high pressure to form an integrated, robust core. Finally, the inlet and outlet pipes are encapsulated and connected to form a complete heat exchanger unit.

[0050] The channel layout can be flexibly selected according to actual operating conditions, meeting the requirements of scenarios with extremely high LBE flow resistance, and also adapting to operating conditions with higher heat transfer efficiency requirements due to the enhanced heat transfer characteristics of the supercritical CO2 narrow corrugated channels. The applicable range is more than 20% wider than that of traditional structures. It is particularly suitable for intermediate heat exchangers (IHX) in lead-cooled fast reactors (LFR), and can also be extended to other energy systems with liquid metal / supercritical fluid coupled heat exchange, such as fusion reactor blankets and advanced solar thermal power generation systems. Its highly efficient anti-clogging characteristics of the narrow corrugated channels can extend equipment lifespan and reduce operation and maintenance costs, demonstrating significant engineering application value and socio-economic benefits.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly efficient and compact heat exchanger core for liquid metals and supercritical CO2, characterized in that: It includes several heat exchange units, each containing a hot plate and at least one cold plate located below the hot plate.

2. The high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metals and supercritical CO2 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot plate is provided with a liquid metal channel (1), the cross-section of which is a cylindrical plate or a semi-cylindrical plate with a cross-sectional radius of 0.5-1mm and a hydraulic diameter of 1-2mm.

3. The high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metals and supercritical CO2 according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cold plate is equipped with a supercritical CO2 channel (2).

4. The high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metals and supercritical CO2 according to claim 3, characterized in that: The height of the supercritical CO2 channel (2) is 0.1-0.5 mm.

5. The high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metals and supercritical CO2 according to claim 4, characterized in that: The supercritical CO2 channel (2) has a rectangular cross-section with a width of 1-4 mm and a hydraulic diameter of 0.2-1 mm.

6. The high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metals and supercritical CO2 according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-section of the supercritical CO2 channel (2) is a corrugated plate with a ripple period of 0.4-0.8 mm, a vertical height of 0.1-0.3 mm for the crests and troughs, and a hydraulic diameter of 0.2-1 mm.

7. The high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metals and supercritical CO2 according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The supercritical CO2 channel (2) is arranged in M ​​rows and 2M columns, where M is greater than or equal to 1.

8. The high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metals and supercritical CO2 according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The supercritical CO2 channel (2) is arranged in 2N rows and N columns, where N is greater than or equal to 1.

9. The high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metals and supercritical CO2 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot plate and / or cold plate are made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel.

10. A heat exchanger, characterized in that: It includes a high-efficiency compact heat exchanger core for liquid metal and supercritical CO2 as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the heat exchanger core is connected to inlet and outlet pipelines.

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