Multi-cropping compound planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a multi-cropping compound planting method which is suitable for areas with abundant hydrothermal resources and aims at solving the problems that in the prior art, three-dimensional collaboration is lacked, green and fresh products are single, the straw utilization rate is low and scene compatibility is poor. According to the method, a vertical, transverse and vertical three-dimensional system is built with one year as a cycle and fresh corn as a frame, and a 420 cm standard planting unit is arranged: 360 cm wide naked barley is sown in autumn, and 60 cm wide naked barley is reserved for winter turning and spring cultivation; fresh corn and green soy beans / hyacinth beans are interplanted in the next spring, and the corn is wound to serve as a vine climbing support before being harvested; covering with naked barley straws in summer, and intercropping green soy beans and peanuts; sowing peas in late autumn and harvesting green pods. Straws are fully utilized in the whole process, and six types of fresh products are supplied all year round. According to the method, large-scale and scattered planting is considered, the farmland utilization rate and the farmer income are improved, the farmland biodiversity can be enhanced, the cultivated land fertility is improved, and the ecological agriculture requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically a method for multiple cropping and compound planting. Background Technology

[0002] With increasingly scarce arable land resources, rising demand for healthy diets among residents, and the growing need for ecological agricultural development, multi-cropping and intercropping have become an important technological direction for improving the efficiency of arable land and meeting market demands. However, existing multi-cropping technologies still have many shortcomings and are difficult to adapt to the needs of coordinated development of production and ecology.

[0003] Current multi-cropping techniques are mostly limited to the simple superposition of crop varieties, resulting in a singular and planar layout that fails to form a three-dimensional and efficient spatial resource allocation system. This is particularly true for climbing crops (such as broad beans), where the lack of effective support solutions often leads to lodging, tangled vines, and inefficient use of vertical space. The vertical dimension completely neglects the growth characteristics and support needs of climbing crops, failing to design specific growth supports or utilize existing crop straw or plant structure resources (such as corn) to create natural support structures. This results in problems such as lodging, tangled vines, and insufficient light and ventilation during the growth of climbing crops like broad beans, hindering the efficient use of vertical space in farmland. Furthermore, the lack of standardized planning for row and plant spacing in the horizontal direction, coupled with the failure to achieve complementary use of light, temperature, and water resources through crop plant structure control, further reduces the overall efficiency of the planting system. In addition, existing planting models have poor compatibility: they are either designed only for large-scale planting and rely on large agricultural machinery, making them unsuitable for scattered farmland or backyard planting scenarios; or they only meet the needs of small-scale scattered planting, lacking unified planting standards and systems, making it difficult to support the industrialization of high-quality agricultural products and unable to balance the dual needs of large-scale planting and scattered planting.

[0004] Furthermore, existing technologies primarily focus on increasing grain production or producing common cash crops, failing to develop specialized planting models centered around fresh produce. The variety of fresh produce is limited, typically including only one or two types, making it difficult to cover a wide range of high-quality fresh produce such as naked barley kernels, green corn ears, green soybean pods, tender lentils, green peanut pods, and green pea pods. This fails to meet residents' demand for diverse and seasonally continuous supply of healthy meals and also hinders efforts to improve planting returns and product market competitiveness.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a multi-cropping intercropping method that features the harvesting of fresh green products. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for multiple cropping and intercropping to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-cropping intercropping method, which uses a one-year planting cycle and constructs a three-dimensional coordinated multi-cropping system based on sweet corn, while achieving full utilization of straw throughout the entire process, specifically including the following steps: S1: Autumn sowing configuration: A planting combination unit is 420cm. Within the planting combination unit, naked barley is planted in a 360cm wide area, and the remaining 60cm wide area is reserved as a blank area. The reserved blank area is fully plowed into frozen soil in winter, with a plowing depth of 30-35cm. In the following spring, the reserved blank area is plowed and exposed to the sun in spring in conjunction with the application of organic fertilizer. S2: Intercropping in the following spring: When the soil temperature at a depth of 10cm stabilizes at 12℃, sow fresh corn in the reserved space, and at the same time sow edamame or broad beans next to each corn plant. S3: Summer intercropping: After the naked barley is harvested, all of its straw is left in the field, and edamame and peanuts are planted in an area with a width of 360cm. S4: Late autumn intercropping: After the summer crops are harvested, peas are sown in a 360cm wide area; the vertical dimension is achieved by using corn stalks to build a climbing crop support structure, the horizontal dimension is achieved by standardizing crop row spacing planning, and the vertical dimension is achieved by controlling crop plant type.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the sowing time of naked barley is from the end of October to the middle of November in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the harvesting time is from the end of April to the beginning of May of the following year, and the harvested object is the green grains of naked barley.

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, the sowing time for fresh corn is early April in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and sowing can be advanced by using plastic film covering to increase temperature; two rows of fresh corn are sown in the reserved space, with a row spacing of 30cm between the two rows of corn and a distance of 15cm between the corn and the edge of the naked barley planting area, and the two rows of corn are staggered, with a plant spacing of 20-25cm; early-maturing spring edamame varieties are selected for edamame, and they are planted in a continuous 3-hole sowing method, with 3-4 seeds sown per hole; disease-resistant and high-yielding varieties of broad beans are selected, and they are sown in 1-hole interval after 3 consecutive edamame holes, with 1-2 seeds sown per hole.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, 7-10 days before the harvest of fresh corn, the tops of adjacent corn plants are wrapped around each other at the same height. After wrapping, the height of the corn stalks on the ground is reduced by 20-40cm, and the structure formed by the wrapping serves as a support for the climbing vines of hyacinth beans. The harvest time for fresh corn is from late June to early July, and the harvested object is the green corn ears. The harvest time for edamame is in June, and the harvested object is the green edamame pods.

[0011] Preferably, in step S3, four rows of edamame and one row of peanuts are planted within a 360cm wide area. The distance between the two outer rows of edamame and the rows of fresh corn is 65cm, the distance between the two inner rows of edamame and the outer rows of edamame is 50cm, and the distance between the middle row of peanuts and the inner rows of edamame is 80cm. Naked barley straw is used to cover the spaces between the rows of edamame and peanuts. The harvest time for edamame and peanuts is from July to September, and the harvested items are green edamame pods and green peanut pods, respectively. After the edamame and peanuts are harvested, their straws are piled up in situ.

[0012] Preferably, in step S4, the peas are selected from high-quality early-maturing varieties, and the sowing time is in early September in the Yangtze River downstream area. There are 6 rows of sowing, and the row spacing between the pea sowing rows and the edamame planting rows is 25cm. The peas are harvested in November, and the harvested object is the green pea pods.

[0013] Preferably, the full utilization of straw includes: using naked barley straw to cover the spaces between soybean and peanut rows; using corn straw to form a climbing trellis through the twining of plants; and after the harvest of broad beans, crushing the corn straw, soybean straw, and peanut straw together and returning them to the field in situ.

[0014] Preferably, the fresh corn is a waxy corn or sweet corn variety; and the peanuts are varieties suitable for harvesting green pods.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This technology uses fresh corn as the core to construct a three-dimensional planting structure. In the vertical dimension, the top of the corn is wound around it at the same height 7-10 days before harvest. The resulting structure directly serves as a support for the climbing vines of hyacinth beans, solving the problem of climbing crops lacking support and easily lodging, while also fully utilizing the production value of corn stalks. In the horizontal dimension, a standardized planting unit of 420cm is used, with clearly defined spacing for naked barley (360cm width), corn (30cm row spacing), and edamame (65cm spacing from corn), avoiding competition for light and nutrients between crops. In the vertical dimension, the plant shape is controlled by reducing the height of the corn stalks by 20-40cm, optimizing field ventilation and light penetration. Simultaneously, the 420cm planting unit can flexibly adapt to the mechanized operations and unified management of large-scale farmland, contributing to the industrialization of fresh produce. It can also be applied to scattered backyard plots to meet the needs of family planting, completely solving the limitations of traditional techniques that struggle to balance large-scale and scattered planting, significantly improving the utilization rate of farmland space.

[0016] This technology is designed around a year-round fresh harvesting system with a continuous cropping schedule. Barley kernels are harvested from late April to May, soybean pods in June, corn ears from late June to July, peanut pods and lentil seeds from July to September, and pea pods in November, creating a continuous supply of six types of fresh produce. This design covers different types of healthy ingredients from the Poaceae and Leguminosae families, meeting residents' demand for diverse fresh food. Furthermore, because fresh produce generally has a higher market value than dried kernels, it can improve farmers' economic benefits per unit area, overcoming the limitations of traditional cropping methods that result in single-product farming and limited income.

[0017] This technology achieves full and efficient recycling of straw. After harvesting, naked barley straw is left in the field as mulch between rows of soybeans and peanuts to suppress weed growth and regulate surface temperature and humidity. Corn straw initially serves as a support for lentil vines, and after the lentils are harvested, it is pulverized and returned to the field along with the soybean and peanut straw. This process avoids air pollution from straw burning, replenishes soil organic matter through straw decomposition, enhances farmland biodiversity, gradually improves the physical properties of arable land, reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, meets the requirements of ecological and sustainable agricultural development, and solves the problem of the disconnect between ecological and production value in traditional straw disposal methods. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A planting diagram for autumn sowing; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of intercropping for the following spring. Figure 3 Diagram showing summer intercropping; Figure 4 A diagram illustrating intercropping in late autumn; Figure 5 This is a planting diagram for multi-cropping corn. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] This invention provides a multi-cropping intercropping method suitable for areas with abundant water and heat resources. It uses a one-year planting cycle and constructs a three-dimensional (vertical, horizontal, and vertical) multi-cropping system based on sweet corn, achieving full utilization of straw throughout the entire process. The method specifically includes the following steps: S1: Autumn sowing configuration: as follows Figure 1As shown, a planting unit is defined as 420cm. Within this unit, naked barley is planted in a 360cm wide area. The sowing time for naked barley is from late October to mid-November in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The remaining 60cm wide area is reserved as a blank space. The reserved blank space is then fully plowed into frozen soil in winter to a depth of 30-35cm. The following spring, the reserved blank space is plowed and exposed to the sun in conjunction with the application of organic fertilizer.

[0021] S2: Intercropping the following spring: such as Figure 2 As shown, when the soil temperature at a depth of 10cm stabilizes at 12℃, fresh corn, which is either waxy corn or sweet corn, is sown within the reserved space. The sowing time for fresh corn is early April in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and sowing can be advanced by using plastic film mulching to increase temperature; two rows of fresh corn are sown within the reserved space.

[0022] like Figure 5 As shown, the row spacing between the two rows of corn is 30cm, the distance between the corn and the edge of the naked barley planting area is 15cm, and the two rows of corn are staggered, with a plant spacing of 20-25cm.

[0023] Simultaneously, sow edamame or broad beans next to each corn plant. Select early-maturing spring edamame varieties and plant them in three consecutive holes, with 3-4 seeds per hole. Select disease-resistant and high-yielding broad bean varieties and plant them in one hole after three consecutive edamame holes, with 1-2 seeds per hole.

[0024] Seven to ten days before harvesting sweet corn, the tops of adjacent corn plants are wrapped around each other at the same height. After wrapping, the height of the corn stalks on the ground is reduced by 20 to 40 cm, and the structure formed by the wrapping serves as a support for the climbing vines of hyacinth beans. The harvest time for sweet corn is from late June to early July, and the target of harvesting is the green corn ears. The harvest time for edamame is in June, and the target of harvesting is the green edamame pods.

[0025] S3: Summer intercropping: such as Figure 3 As shown, after the naked barley is harvested, all of its straw is left in the field. The harvesting time for naked barley is from late April to early May of the following year, and the target of harvesting is the green grains of naked barley.

[0026] Four rows of edamame and one row of peanuts are planted within a 360cm wide area. The peanuts are of a variety suitable for harvesting green pods. The distance between the two outer rows of edamame and the rows of sweet corn is 65cm, the distance between the two inner rows of edamame and the outer rows of edamame is 50cm, and the distance between the middle row of peanuts and the inner rows of edamame is 80cm. Naked barley straw is used to cover the spaces between the rows of edamame and peanuts.

[0027] The harvesting time for edamame and peanuts is from July to September. The harvested items are green edamame pods and green peanut pods, respectively. After the harvest, the stalks of edamame and peanuts are piled up in situ.

[0028] The full utilization of straw includes: naked barley straw is used as mulch between rows of edamame and peanuts; corn straw forms a climbing support by twining around the plants; and after the harvest of broad beans, corn straw, edamame straw, and peanut straw are crushed and returned to the field in situ.

[0029] This process avoids air pollution caused by straw burning, replenishes soil organic matter through straw decomposition, enhances farmland biodiversity, gradually improves the physical properties of arable land, reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, meets the requirements of ecological and sustainable agricultural development, and solves the problem of the disconnect between ecological and production value in traditional straw disposal.

[0030] S4: Late autumn intercropping: such as Figure 4 As shown, after the summer crops are harvested, peas are sown in an area with a width of 360cm. High-quality early-maturing pea varieties are selected, and the sowing time is in early September in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There are 6 rows of peas, and the row spacing between the pea rows and the soybean rows is 25cm. The peas are harvested in November, and the harvested peas are green pods.

[0031] The above scheme achieves vertical dimension by using corn stalks to construct a support structure for climbing crops, horizontal dimension by standardizing crop row spacing planning, and vertical dimension by controlling crop plant type. The vertical dimension addresses the challenges of climbing crops like broad beans, such as lack of support leading to lodging and tangled vines, while also fully utilizing the production potential of corn stalks and preventing the waste of stalk resources. The horizontal dimension, through standardized spacing planning such as 360cm width for naked barley, 30cm row spacing for corn, and 65cm spacing between soybeans and corn, effectively avoids light shading and nutrient competition between crops. The 420cm standardized planting unit can flexibly adapt to the mechanized operations and unified management of large-scale farmland, and can also be applied to scattered backyard plots, balancing the industrialization of high-quality agricultural products with the needs of family planting, completely breaking the limitations of traditional planting models that struggle to balance scale and fragmentation. The vertical dimension, by reducing the height of corn stalks by 20-40cm, further optimizes vertical ventilation and light penetration in the field, reducing the growth inhibition of surrounding crops by taller crops and significantly improving the overall light energy utilization efficiency and space utilization rate of the entire planting system.

[0032] This model can produce 450 kg of naked barley kernels, 500 kg of green corn ears, 350 kg of green soybean pods, 250 kg of green lentil pods, 150 kg of tender peanut pods, and 350 kg of green pea pods per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), for a total annual harvest of 2050 kg. Based on the usual farmgate wholesale price, the output value per mu is 11,250 yuan. Compared to the conventional dryland "wheat (broad bean, rapeseed)-corn (soybean)" model, the economic yield per mu increases by 60%-100%, and the income per mu increases by 4-5 times.

[0033] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0034] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multiple cropping method of a compound planting, characterized by, A multi-crop planting system is constructed in a year planting cycle and with fresh corn as a framework, which is coordinated in three dimensions of vertical, horizontal and longitudinal, and all the straw is used, including the following steps: S1: autumn planting configuration: 420 cm is taken as a planting combination unit, in which 360 cm wide area is planted with naked barley and the remaining 60 cm wide area is taken as a reserved empty area; the reserved empty area is plowed to a depth of 30-35 cm in winter, and the reserved empty area is ploughed and sunned in spring combined with the application of organic fertilizer; S2: spring interplanting: when the temperature at a depth of 10 cm is stable at 12℃, fresh corn is sown in the reserved empty area, and hairy bean or flat bean is sown at the same time beside each corn; S3: summer intercropping: after the naked barley is harvested, the straw is left in the field, and hairy bean and peanut are planted in the 360 cm wide area; S4: late autumn intercropping: after the summer crops are harvested, peas are sown in the 360 cm wide area; the longitudinal dimension is achieved by using corn straw to build a climbing crop support structure, the horizontal dimension is achieved by standardizing the crop row spacing, and the vertical dimension is achieved by crop plant type regulation.

2. The multiple cropping method according to claim 1, wherein, In step S1, the sowing time of naked barley is from the end of October to the middle of November in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the harvesting time is from the end of April to the beginning of May of the next year, and the harvested object is naked barley green seed.

3. The multiple cropping method according to claim 1, wherein, In step S2, the sowing time of fresh corn is in the early spring in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the sowing time can be advanced by using mulching to increase the temperature; 2 rows of fresh corn are sown in the reserved empty area, the row spacing of the 2 rows of corn is 30 cm, the distance between the corn and the naked barley planting area is 15 cm, and the 2 rows of corn are staggered, and the corn plant spacing is 20-25 cm; early-maturing spring hairy bean varieties are selected, and 3-4 seeds are sown in each hole in a continuous 3-hole sowing manner; disease-resistant and high-yield flat bean varieties are selected, and 1-2 seeds are sown in each hole after a 3-hole hairy bean interval.

4. The multiple cropping method according to claim 3, wherein, In step S2, 7-10 days before the fresh corn is harvested, the top of the adjacent corn plant is wound in sequence at the same height, the standing height of the corn straw is reduced by 20-40 cm after winding, and the structure formed after winding is used as a climbing support for flat bean; the harvesting time of fresh corn is from the end of June to the beginning of July, and the harvested object is corn green ear; the harvesting time of hairy bean is in June, and the harvested object is hairy bean green pod.

5. The multiple cropping method according to claim 1, wherein In step S3, 4 rows of hairy beans and 1 row of peanuts are planted in the 360 cm wide area, in which the distance between the two side rows of hairy beans and the fresh corn planting row is 65 cm, the distance between the two inner rows of hairy beans and the side row of hairy beans is 50 cm, and the distance between the middle row of peanuts and the inner rows of hairy beans is 80 cm; the naked barley straw is covered between the rows of hairy beans and peanuts; the harvesting time of hairy beans and peanuts is from July to September, and the harvested objects are hairy bean green pods and peanut green pods respectively; after the harvesting of hairy beans and peanuts, their straw is placed in situ in piles.

6. The multiple cropping polyculture method of claim 1, wherein, In step S4, high-quality early-maturing pea varieties are selected, and the sowing time is in early October in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River along the river area, the sowing row number is 6, and the row spacing between the pea sowing row and the hairy bean planting row is 25 cm; the harvesting time of the peas is November, and the harvesting object is pea green pods.

7. The multiple cropping method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The straw full utilization includes that the naked barley straw is covered between the hairy bean and peanut rows, the corn straw is wound through the plant to form a climbing support, and the corn straw, the hairy bean straw and the peanut straw are crushed together in situ after the harvest of the Vicia faba L.

8. The multiple cropping polyculture method of claim 1, wherein, The fresh corn is a waxy corn or sweet corn variety; and the peanut is a variety suitable for harvesting green pods.

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