Laser vision and cantilever beam combined type fault slip real-time monitoring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser vision and cantilever beam combined type fault slippage real-time monitoring device, which comprises a laser vision monitoring subunit, a first upper sleeve, a first lower sleeve, a high-definition camera and a plurality of positioning laser heads, the coordinate measuring compass is arranged on the first lower sleeve and is provided with a plurality of annular scale marks corresponding to the plurality of positioning laser heads; the cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit comprises a second upper sleeve and a second lower sleeve which are embedded in the upper fault and the lower fault respectively, the fixed end of the cantilever beam is arranged in the second lower sleeve, the free end of the cantilever beam is provided with a connecting assembly, the connecting assembly is slidably connected to the second upper sleeve in an abutting mode, and a strain gauge is arranged in the area, close to the fixed end, of the cantilever beam; and the data processing unit is in signal connection with the high-definition camera and the strain gauges, so that all-directional real-time and accurate monitoring of fault slippage is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological fault slip monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a real-time fault slip monitoring device that combines laser vision and cantilever beam. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of petroleum engineering and geological engineering, real-time and accurate monitoring of fault slip is a core element in ensuring the safe and efficient operation of projects. During oil extraction, even minor slippage of formation faults can damage well casings, leading to decreased extraction efficiency and even safety accidents such as blowouts. In geological activities, fault slip is a significant precursor to major disasters such as earthquakes and landslides, and its monitoring data is irreplaceable for disaster early warning and decision-making. To reduce the risks posed by fault slip, researchers often build formation simulation experimental platforms to simulate the slippage process of formation faults under different working conditions, thereby studying the laws and impacts of fault slip.

[0003] Currently, existing fault slip monitoring technologies mostly employ single monitoring techniques, which have significant limitations and are difficult to meet the comprehensive monitoring needs in complex environments.

[0004] (1) The monitoring data has a single dimension and cannot fully reflect the slip state.

[0005] Most technical solutions lack the ability to capture the slip direction and angle in all aspects, and can only obtain slip data in a single dimension. For example, strain gauges or displacement sensors can measure the amount of slip, but their output is a scalar signal and cannot provide the slip direction and angle at all. While traditional optical monitoring solutions can identify the slip direction, their reliability is insufficient in complex environments. Multiple technical solutions cannot achieve data complementarity, thus failing to obtain information on the distance, direction and angle of fault slip, making it difficult to support a comprehensive and in-depth study of the fault slip mechanism.

[0006] (2) It is difficult to achieve high-precision monitoring of both large and small slip amounts.

[0007] Some sensors (such as micro-strain gauges) have extremely narrow ranges and can capture minute slips. Once the slip exceeds the elastic range, the monitoring will be interrupted due to the failure of the core components. On the other hand, some sensors (such as differential GPS) can capture large slips, but cannot accurately identify minute displacements.

[0008] Therefore, how to achieve comprehensive, real-time, and accurate monitoring of fault slip, while also taking into account high-precision monitoring of slip amounts of varying sizes, is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a real-time fault slip monitoring device that combines laser vision and cantilever beam. This device combines two modes: laser vision monitoring and cantilever beam strain monitoring. The data from the two modes are fused to achieve complementarity, enabling real-time and accurate monitoring of fault slip in all aspects. This significantly improves the reliability of the monitoring data and provides reliable data support for a comprehensive and in-depth study of the fault slip mechanism.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0011] A real-time fault slip monitoring device combining laser vision and cantilever beam includes a laser vision monitoring subunit, a cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit, and a data processing unit;

[0012] The laser vision monitoring subunit includes:

[0013] The first sleeve includes a first upper sleeve and a first lower sleeve arranged opposite to each other, for being buried in the upper fault and the lower fault respectively;

[0014] A high-definition camera and several positioning laser heads are both located on the upper cover plate of the first upper sleeve and facing the first lower sleeve, and the several positioning laser heads are arranged in a ring array with the high-definition camera as the center.

[0015] A coordinate measuring compass is provided on the lower cover plate of the first lower sleeve. The coordinate measuring compass is provided with several annular scale lines corresponding to several positioning laser heads. The high-definition camera is used to capture the light spot image formed by the positioning laser head on the coordinate measuring compass.

[0016] The cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit includes:

[0017] The second sleeve includes a second upper sleeve and a second lower sleeve arranged opposite to each other, for being buried in the upper fault and the lower fault respectively;

[0018] A cantilever beam has a fixed end located on the lower cover plate of the second lower sleeve and a connecting assembly at its free end. The connecting assembly is slidably abutted against the inner wall of the second upper sleeve. Strain gauges are provided in the area of ​​the cantilever beam near its fixed end to capture the deformation of the cantilever beam in real time.

[0019] The data processing unit is signal-connected to both the high-definition camera and the strain gauge. It is used to calculate a first set of slip data based on the light spot image and a second set of slip data based on the deformation signal of the strain gauge. Based on the first set of slip data and the second set of slip data, it outputs the monitoring results of fault slip.

[0020] Preferably, the data processing unit is used to perform fusion verification on the calculated first set of slip data and the second set of slip data, so as to output the monitoring result after removing outliers.

[0021] Preferably, the coordinate measuring compass is a multi-origin polar coordinate scale, and the plurality of annular scale lines are centered at different origins on the multi-origin polar coordinate scale, and the center of the annular scale line coincides with the center of the spot of the corresponding positioning laser head when no displacement occurs.

[0022] Preferably, the plurality of positioning laser heads emit light spots of different wavelengths and colors, and the plurality of annular scale lines have colors that match the light spots emitted by the corresponding positioning laser heads.

[0023] Preferably, the cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit includes at least two layers of cantilever beams arranged outward from the center of the second sleeve, and each layer of cantilever beams includes a plurality of cantilever beams distributed in a ring array.

[0024] Preferably, the lower cover plate of the second lower sleeve is provided with a base, the base having at least two steps, and a cantilever beam is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of each step.

[0025] Preferably, the connecting assembly includes a bolt and a washer, the bolt is disposed on the cantilever beam, and at least one washer is provided between the head of the bolt and the cantilever beam to keep the tail of the bolt in contact with the inner wall of the second upper sleeve.

[0026] Preferably, the upper end of the first upper sleeve is provided with a first wire interface for the cables of the high-definition camera and the plurality of positioning laser heads to pass through, and the first wire interface is provided with a waterproof sealing ring and / or waterproof sealant.

[0027] The upper end of the second upper sleeve is provided with a second wire interface for the cables of several strain gauges to pass through, and the second wire interface is provided with a waterproof sealing ring and / or waterproof sealant.

[0028] Preferably, the inner wall surfaces of the first upper sleeve and the first lower sleeve are provided with a paint layer to prevent laser reflection.

[0029] Preferably, the inner wall surfaces of the second upper sleeve and the second lower sleeve are smooth surfaces to remove burrs and protrusions.

[0030] This invention provides a real-time fault slip monitoring device combining laser vision and cantilever beam technology. Through the coordinated operation of a laser vision monitoring subunit and a cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit, it achieves high-precision, all-around real-time monitoring of fault slip. Its beneficial effects are as follows:

[0031] During the experimental monitoring process, the circular array positioning laser head of the laser vision monitoring subunit forms several light spots on the coordinate measuring compass. Several circular scale lines on the compass provide corresponding measurement references for these light spots. When fault slippage occurs, the first upper sleeve fixed to the upper fault moves synchronously with the fault, causing the positioning laser head on it to shift. This results in the light spots deviating from the reference scale lines on the compass. A high-definition camera captures images of the light spots formed on the coordinate measuring compass in real time and transmits them to the data processing unit. The unit can calculate the slippage distance not only through the relative offset between the light spots and the scale lines, but also determine the slippage direction through the direction of light spot movement, and calculate the slippage angle by analyzing the offset of light spots at different positions. Thus, the laser vision monitoring subunit achieves comprehensive monitoring of the fault slippage distance, direction, and angle.

[0032] At the same time, the second lower sleeve of the cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit is also fixed along with the lower fault, and the second upper sleeve moves synchronously with the upper fault. The free end of the cantilever beam is pushed to move through the connecting components, causing the cantilever beam to bend. The area of ​​the cantilever beam near its fixed end is a stress-sensitive area. Strain gauges are installed in this stress-sensitive area, which can accurately capture deformation signals and transmit them to the data processing unit to calculate the distance of fault slip.

[0033] Therefore, the data processing unit simultaneously receives and processes the monitoring data from the laser vision monitoring subunit and the cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit, and outputs a first set of slip data containing distance, direction, and angle, and a second set of slip data containing distance. The data processing unit (whether through automatic algorithms or manual interpretation) can fuse and verify the data from these two independent sources, remove outliers, and output reliable fault slip data, thereby achieving comprehensive, real-time, and accurate monitoring of fault slip, significantly improving the reliability of the monitoring data, and providing reliable data support for comprehensive and in-depth research on the mechanism of fault slip. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a real-time fault slip monitoring device combining laser vision and cantilever beam, provided by the present invention, embedded in a fault model.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the laser vision monitoring subunit provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the back of the upper cover plate of the first upper sleeve provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 A front view of the upper cover plate of the first upper sleeve provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the coordinate measuring compass provided by this invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the multi-layer cantilever beam and the base provided by the present invention.

[0042] Figure label:

[0043] 1-Laser vision monitoring subunit; 11-First upper sleeve; 12-First lower sleeve; 13-High-definition camera; 14-Positioning laser head; 15-Coordinate measuring compass; 16-U-groove; 17-Wire hole; 18-Dust cover;

[0044] 2-Cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit; 21-Second upper sleeve; 22-Second lower sleeve; 23-Cantilever beam; 231-Inner cantilever beam; 232-Outer cantilever beam; 24-Strain gauge; 25-Bolt; 26-Base; 27-Outlet hole;

[0045] 3-Cables;

[0046] 5-Fault model; 51-Upper fault; 52-Lower fault; 53-Fault location. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] The core of this invention is to provide a real-time fault slip monitoring device that combines laser vision and cantilever beam. This device combines two modes: laser vision monitoring and cantilever beam strain monitoring. The data from the two modes are fused to achieve complementarity, enabling real-time and accurate monitoring of fault slip in all aspects. This significantly improves the reliability of the monitoring data and provides reliable data support for a comprehensive and in-depth study of the fault slip mechanism.

[0049] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by "upper" and "lower" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the purpose of facilitating the description of this application and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0050] This application provides an embodiment of a real-time fault slip monitoring device that combines laser vision and cantilever beam, including a laser vision monitoring subunit 1, a cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit 2, and a data processing unit.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 2 Regarding the specific configuration of the laser vision monitoring subunit 1, it includes a first sleeve, a high-definition camera 13, several positioning laser heads 14, and a coordinate measuring compass 15.

[0052] The first sleeve consists of an upper sleeve 11 and a lower sleeve 12 arranged opposite to each other. Specifically, both the upper sleeve 11 and the lower sleeve 12 are cylindrical structures with one open end, and their open ends are connected together to form the first sleeve. During experimental measurement, the entire monitoring device of this application is embedded in the fault model 5. Specifically, the upper sleeve 11 is embedded in the upper fault 51, the lower sleeve 12 is embedded in the lower fault 52, and the connection point of the upper sleeve 11 and the lower sleeve 12 is located at the fault monitoring position 53, so as to directly reflect the fault slip state through their relative displacement. Figure 1 As shown. The two open ends of the first upper sleeve 11 and the first lower sleeve 12 are glued together, and the outside of the joint is coated with sealant to seal the entire first sleeve.

[0053] In one specific embodiment, the top of both the first upper cylinder and the first lower cylinder are provided with machined steps. The width and height of the steps need to be adapted to the thickness and edge structure of the first upper cover plate and the first lower cover plate to ensure that the cover plate can be accurately positioned when docking with the cylinder and that there is no relative sliding after bonding. This provides a stable reference for the subsequent installation of components such as the high-definition camera 13, the positioning laser head 14, and the coordinate measuring compass 15.

[0054] The first upper sleeve 11 includes a first upper cylinder body and a first upper cover plate. Both ends of the first upper cylinder body are open, and the first upper cover plate is fitted into one open end of the first upper cylinder body and sealed with sealant. Similarly, the first lower sleeve 12 includes a first lower cylinder body and a first lower cover plate. Both ends of the first lower cylinder body are open, and the first lower cover plate is fitted into one open end of the first lower cylinder body and sealed with sealant. Thus, both the first upper sleeve 11 and the first lower sleeve 12 are formed using an adhesive bonding process, which reduces the number of assembly parts and simplifies the assembly process.

[0055] The high-definition camera 13 is mounted on the upper cover plate of the first upper sleeve 11 and faces the first lower sleeve 12. Specifically, the high-definition camera 13 is fixed to the inner wall of the first upper cover plate with adhesive. As the core component for image acquisition, the high-definition camera 13 can be an industrial-grade high-definition wired remote camera with high resolution and high frame rate characteristics. It can clearly capture the details of the laser spot on the coordinate measuring compass 15, support remote wired data transmission, and acquire images in real time without on-site operation.

[0056] In one specific embodiment, the high-definition camera 13 is covered with a transparent dust cover 18. The dust cover 18 is made of a high light transmittance material and has an anti-fog and anti-scratch coating on the surface, which not only ensures the clarity of the image, but also isolates ground moisture and dust, protecting the lens from corrosion.

[0057] Several positioning laser heads 14 are fixed to the inner wall of the first upper cover plate with adhesive and arranged in a ring array with the high-definition camera 13 as the center, such as Figure 3 As shown, this system can capture fault slip data from multiple points. On one hand, it avoids the situation where a single positioning laser head 14 can only provide displacement information at one point and cannot determine the direction, thus enabling the monitoring of the slip direction. On the other hand, the trajectory and distance of the laser spot differ at different locations, allowing for precise calculation of the fault slip angle by analyzing the offset of the laser spot at different positions. Furthermore, the system matches several positioning laser heads 14 in a ring array with several ring-shaped scale lines on a coordinate measuring compass 15, calculating the slip distance and direction through the relative offset of the laser spot and the scale lines, thereby improving the comprehensiveness of the monitoring.

[0058] In one specific embodiment, the included angle between adjacent positioning laser heads 14 is equal, so that the laser spot is evenly distributed on the coordinate measuring compass 15, which can reduce the positioning error caused by spot offset or unevenness and improve the accuracy and range of measurement.

[0059] In one specific embodiment, the laser emission direction of the positioning laser head 14 is vertically downward, without any angular offset. On the one hand, this ensures that the movement of the laser spot on the compass directly reflects the actual movement of the first upper sleeve 11, avoiding measurement errors caused by tilting and improving the accuracy of fault slip measurement. On the other hand, with the laser pointing vertically downward, during assembly, it is easy for the several positioning laser heads 14 to correspond one-to-one with the several annular scale lines on the compass, ensuring that the subsequent laser spot offset can be accurately read directly on the compass, further improving the accuracy of fault slip measurement.

[0060] A coordinate measuring compass 15 is mounted on the lower cover plate of the first lower sleeve 12. The coordinate measuring compass 15 has several annular scale lines corresponding to several positioning laser heads 14. Specifically, the coordinate measuring compass 15 can be fixed to the inner wall of the first lower cover plate with adhesive. The several annular scale lines on the coordinate measuring compass 15 correspond to and match several positioning laser heads 14, thus providing a dedicated measurement reference for each positioning laser head 14. The high-definition camera 13 collects the light spot image on the coordinate measuring compass 15 in real time and transmits it to the processing unit. When the fault slips, the displacement vector of the light spot of each positioning laser head 14 relative to its dedicated annular scale line can be accurately identified. Only then can the slip distance, direction, and angle data be calculated, realizing all-round monitoring of fault slip.

[0061] In one specific embodiment, the coordinate measuring compass 15 is fixed to the inner wall of the first lower cover plate with adhesive, and the edges are coated with sealant for waterproofing to prevent moisture from seeping into the compass and causing the scale to become blurred.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 6 Regarding the specific setup of the cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit 2, it includes a second sleeve and a cantilever beam 23.

[0063] The second sleeve consists of a second upper sleeve 21 and a second lower sleeve 22 arranged opposite to each other. Specifically, both the second upper sleeve 21 and the second lower sleeve 22 are cylindrical structures with one open end, and their open ends are connected together to form the second sleeve. During the test measurement, the second upper sleeve 21 is embedded in the upper fault 51, and the second lower sleeve 22 is embedded in the lower fault 52. The connection point of the second upper sleeve 21 and the second lower sleeve 22 is located at the fault monitoring position 53, so as to directly reflect the fault slip state through their relative displacement. The two open ends of the second upper sleeve 21 and the second lower sleeve 22 are glued together, and the outside of the connection point is coated with sealant to seal the entire second sleeve.

[0064] In one specific embodiment, the top of both the second upper cylinder and the second lower cylinder are provided with machined steps. The width and height of the steps need to be adapted to the thickness and edge structure of the second upper cover plate and the second lower cover plate to ensure that the cover plate can be accurately positioned when docking with the cylinder and that there is no relative sliding after bonding, so as to provide a stable reference for the subsequent installation of the base 26 and the cantilever beam 23 and other components.

[0065] The second upper sleeve 21 includes a second upper cylinder body and a second upper cover plate. Both ends of the second upper cylinder body are open, and the second upper cover plate is fitted into the two open ends of the second upper cylinder body and sealed with sealant. Similarly, the second lower sleeve 22 includes a second lower cylinder body and a second lower cover plate. Both ends of the second lower cylinder body are open, and the second lower cover plate is fitted into the two open ends of the second lower cylinder body and sealed with sealant. Thus, both the second upper sleeve 21 and the second lower sleeve 22 are formed using an adhesive bonding process, which reduces the number of assembly parts and simplifies the assembly process.

[0066] In addition, in one specific embodiment, the first upper sleeve 11, the first lower sleeve 12, the second upper sleeve 21, and the second lower sleeve 22 are all made of high-strength metal. This material has excellent compressive strength and resistance to oil and gas corrosion, and can adapt to complex environments with high pressure, humidity, and oil and gas permeation. The upper and lower sleeves are hollow cylindrical structures, and their inner diameter must be adapted to the installation requirements of the internal laser vision monitoring subunit 1 and the cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit 2 to ensure that there is no spatial interference after the components are assembled, while reserving sufficient space for the deformation of the cantilever beam 23.

[0067] The cantilever beam 23, as the core component for strain sensing, is made of a metal with excellent elastic properties, possessing good deformation recovery and fatigue resistance. The fixed end of the cantilever beam 23 can be rigidly connected to the second lower cover plate of the second lower sleeve 22 via bolts 25 or welding. The free end of the cantilever beam 23 is equipped with a connecting assembly that slidably abuts against the inner wall of the second upper sleeve 21. This connecting assembly neither restricts the sliding freedom of the second upper sleeve 21 relative to the second lower sleeve 22, but also synchronously transmits deformation force when the second upper sleeve 21 slides, causing the cantilever beam 23 to undergo bending deformation as the second upper sleeve 21 displaces. Furthermore, the area of ​​the cantilever beam 23 near its fixed end is a stress-sensitive region, where deformation is most significant, and strain gauges 24 are attached. The strain gauges 24 can accurately capture the deformation signal of the cantilever beam 23, thereby accurately reflecting the relative displacement between the upper and lower sleeves.

[0068] Regarding the specific configuration of the data processing unit, it can employ, but is not limited to, a computer or industrial control computer, to receive data via wired or wireless means, process the data according to a preset algorithm, and output the final result. The cable 3 of the high-definition camera 13 passes through the upper end of the first upper sleeve 11 (i.e., the first upper cover plate) and connects to the data processing unit. The cable 3 of the strain gauge 24 passes through the upper end of the second upper sleeve 21 (i.e., the second upper cover plate) and connects to the data processing unit. The data processing unit can calculate a first set of slip data based on the light spot image, and calculate a second set of slip data based on the deformation signal of the strain gauge 24. Based on the first and second sets of slip data, it outputs the monitoring result of the fault slip. It should be added that several positioning laser heads 14 are connected to a power source. Specifically, the cable 3 of the positioning laser head 14 passes through the upper end of the first upper sleeve 11 (i.e., the first upper cover plate) and connects to a power source. The positioning laser head 14 emits a laser spot when powered on.

[0069] In the above embodiment, during the experimental monitoring process, when the fault slips, the first upper sleeve 11 and the second upper sleeve 21 move synchronously with the upper fault 51, while the first lower sleeve 12 and the second lower sleeve 22 remain fixed. In the laser vision monitoring subunit 1, the moving positioning laser head 14 causes the light spot on the coordinate measuring compass 15 to shift. The high-definition camera 13 captures the light spot image in real time and transmits it to the data processing unit. The image processing algorithm in the unit calculates the displacement vector of the slip, i.e., the distance and direction, by identifying the displacement of each light spot relative to its corresponding annular scale line. Then, by analyzing the offset of the light spot at different positions, the rotation angle is calculated, realizing all-round monitoring of the fault slip distance, direction and angle.

[0070] Meanwhile, in the cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit 2, the inner wall of the second upper sleeve 21 pushes the connecting assembly, causing the cantilever beam 23 to undergo bending deformation. The strain gauge 24 converts the deformation into an electrical signal and transmits it to the data processing unit. The unit calculates the slip distance value based on the preset strain gauge 24 calibration curve.

[0071] Ultimately, the data processing unit obtained two independent slip distance data sets and one direction and angle data set provided by the vision unit. Based on these two sets of data, the unit can output reliable fault slip data after removing outliers according to a preset fusion algorithm or through manual comparison by operators. This enables comprehensive, real-time, and accurate monitoring of fault slip, significantly improving the reliability of the monitoring data and providing reliable data support for a comprehensive and in-depth study of the fault slip mechanism.

[0072] Based on the above embodiments, as a further preferred embodiment, the data processing unit is used to perform fusion verification on the calculated first set of slip data and the second set of slip data, so as to output the monitoring results after removing outliers.

[0073] In the data processing unit, a preset data fusion algorithm can be used to compare the first sliding distance D1 from the laser vision unit and the second sliding distance D2 from the cantilever beam 23 strain unit. When |D1-D2| does not exceed a preset threshold, the distance data is considered reliable, and the sliding vector data containing distance, direction, and angle provided by the laser vision unit is output. When |D1-D2| exceeds the preset threshold, the distance data is considered unreliable, and the average value of D1 and D2 can be output, or the current data can be marked as unreliable. In this way, fully automated data processing can be achieved, improving the automation performance and reliability of the monitoring device, and making it suitable for unmanned monitoring scenarios.

[0074] Based on the above embodiments, as a further preferred option, please refer to... Figure 2 The high-definition camera 13 is located at the center of the upper cover plate of the first upper sleeve 11, and the coordinate measuring compass 15 is located on the lower cover plate of the first lower sleeve 12 with its normal coinciding with the optical axis of the high-definition camera 13.

[0075] Specifically, the high-definition camera 13 is fixed to the center of the inner wall of the first upper cover plate with adhesive, and the coordinate measuring compass 15 is fixed to the inner wall of the first lower cover plate with adhesive, with the center of the coordinate measuring compass 15 directly facing the high-definition camera 13. Thus, the normals of the high-definition camera 13 and the coordinate measuring compass 15 are respectively placed at the geometric centers of the first upper sleeve 11 and the second lower sleeve 22. During assembly, the optical axis of the high-definition camera 13 and the normal of the coordinate measuring compass 15 can be aligned as a positioning reference, allowing the laser spot of the annular array to be precisely projected onto the corresponding annular scale line, achieving precise positioning and assembly.

[0076] Based on the above embodiments, as a further preferred option, please refer to... Figure 5 The coordinate measuring compass 15 is a multi-origin polar coordinate scale, with several annular scale lines centered at different origins on the polar coordinate scale. The center of the annular scale line coincides with the center of the spot of the corresponding positioning laser head 14 when it has not moved.

[0077] Specifically, the multi-origin polar coordinate scale has multiple origins, the same number as the positioning laser heads 14. Several annular scale lines are centered on different origins on the multi-origin polar coordinate scale. During initial debugging, the initial spot center of each positioning laser head 14 is positioned exactly on the center of the corresponding annular scale line. Thus, the coordinate measuring compass 15 has a polar coordinate system centered on the initial spot position of each positioning laser head 14. When the fault slips, the displacement of each spot can be directly represented by polar coordinates, i.e., radial distance change and angular change, allowing for a more intuitive and efficient calculation of the slip vector.

[0078] Based on the above embodiments, as a further preferred embodiment, several positioning laser heads 14 emit light spots of different wavelengths and colors, and several annular scale lines have colors that match the light spots emitted by the corresponding positioning laser heads 14. Thus, by setting the annular scale lines to the same color as the corresponding light spots, during initial debugging, operators can intuitively and accurately match the positioning laser heads 14 with the annular scale lines by color, that is, adjust each colored light spot to the center of its corresponding colored annular scale line. During monitoring, calculations can be performed using algorithms or manual calculations only within the combination of the same-colored light spot and the annular scale line, improving calculation efficiency and accuracy.

[0079] Based on the above embodiments, as a further preferred option, please refer to... Figure 6 and 7 The cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit 2 includes at least two layers of cantilever beams arranged outward from the center of the second sleeve, and each layer of cantilever beams includes several cantilever beams 23 arranged in a ring array.

[0080] When a minor slip occurs in the fault, a single-layer cantilever beam (such as a cantilever beam with its free end closer to the fault location 53) deforms, which is captured by the high-sensitivity strain gauge 24, thus achieving precise detection of the minor slip. When a large slip occurs in the fault, the inner cantilever beam deforms, which is also captured by the high-sensitivity strain gauge 24, thus achieving precise detection of the large slip. In this way, the design of multiple cantilever beams can simultaneously achieve high-precision monitoring of both large and small slip amounts.

[0081] Based on the above embodiments, as a further preferred option, please refer to... Figure 7 The lower cover plate of the second lower sleeve 22 is provided with a base 26, which has at least two steps, and a cantilever beam is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of each step.

[0082] Taking a two-layer cantilever beam and two-layer steps as an example, the inner wall of the second lower cover plate of the second lower sleeve 22 is fixed with a base 26 by adhesive. The base 26 has two layers of steps. The fixed ends of several cantilever beams 23 of the inner layer cantilever beam 231 are fixed to the outer periphery of the upper step by fasteners (such as bolts or screws) or welded. The fixed ends of several cantilever beams 23 of the outer layer cantilever beam 232 are fixed to the outer periphery of the lower step by fasteners (such as bolts or screws) or welded. In this way, the inner and outer cantilever beams 232 are staggered in the horizontal direction, and the inner cantilever beam 231 is arranged higher than the outer cantilever beam 232 in the vertical direction. This arrangement, on the one hand, ensures that the cantilever beams of each layer are staggered, avoiding mutual interference due to bending deformation. On the other hand, when the slip is small, the free end of the outer cantilever beam 232 is closer to the fault location 53. The inner wall of the second upper sleeve 21 will first push the outer cantilever beam 232 to bend and deform through the connecting component. The outer cantilever beam 232 is responsible for the accurate monitoring of small slip. When the slip is large, as the second upper sleeve 21 continues to move, it will push the inner cantilever beam 231 to bend and deform through the connecting component. At this time, the outer cantilever beam stops working, and the inner cantilever beam is responsible for the accurate monitoring of large slip, thus realizing continuous and highly reliable strain monitoring of fault slip from small to large.

[0083] Based on the above embodiments, as a further preferred option, please refer to... Figure 6 Each layer of cantilever beams 23 is arranged in a circular array around the central axis of the second sleeve. In short, under initial assembly, each layer of cantilever beams is arranged around the central axis of the second sleeve, which ensures that the preload between each cantilever beam 23 and the inner wall of the second upper sleeve 21 is consistent, avoiding inconsistencies that could affect the accuracy of subsequent measurement results.

[0084] Based on the above embodiments, as a further preferred option, please refer to... Figure 6 The connecting assembly includes a bolt 25 and a washer. The bolt 25 is disposed on the cantilever beam 23, and at least one washer is provided between the head of the bolt 25 and the cantilever beam 23 to keep the tail of the bolt 25 in contact with the inner wall of the second upper sleeve 21.

[0085] Specifically, a threaded hole is provided at the free end of the cantilever beam 23, and a bolt 25 is screwed into the threaded hole. Several washers are placed between the head of the bolt 25 and the cantilever beam 23. By tightening or loosening the bolt 25, the tail of the bolt 25 contacts the inner wall of the second upper sleeve 21, thereby controlling the preload of the bolt 25 against the inner wall of the second upper sleeve 21, ensuring a firm connection, and allowing it to slide along the inner wall of the second upper sleeve 21, thus avoiding restriction on the movement of the second upper sleeve 21. It should be noted that, to overcome the limitation of the bolt 25 length, washers can be added or removed to ensure that the tail of the bolt 25 is tightly against the inner wall of the second upper sleeve 21.

[0086] Based on the above embodiments, as a further preferred embodiment, the upper end of the first upper sleeve 11 is provided with a first wire interface for the cables 3 of the high-definition camera 13 and several positioning laser heads 14 to pass through, and the first wire interface is provided with a waterproof sealing ring and / or waterproof sealant. Thus, the first upper cover plate of the first upper sleeve 11 is machined with the first wire interface, and a waterproof sealing ring is provided inside the first wire interface. After all the cables 3 inside the sleeve pass through the sealing ring, waterproof sealant is poured into the interface groove to form a double seal, protecting the internal electronic components. Simultaneously, the light spot image captured by the camera is uploaded to the data processing unit, and power is supplied to the high-definition camera 13.

[0087] Please refer to Figure 4 In one specific embodiment, the first upper cover plate has a U-shaped groove 16 and a plurality of wire holes 17 arranged around it. The cable 3 of the high-definition camera 13 passes through the U-shaped groove 16 to connect to the data processing unit for data transmission. The plurality of wire holes 17 correspond one-to-one with a plurality of positioning laser heads 14. The cable 3 of the positioning laser head 14 passes through the corresponding wire hole 17 to connect to the power supply for power transmission. Preferably, the edges of the U-shaped groove 16 and the wire holes 17 are rounded to prevent the outer sheath of the cable 3 from being scratched when it passes through, and to avoid signal interruption or short circuit caused by damage to the cable 3.

[0088] The upper end of the second upper sleeve 21 is provided with a second wire interface for the cables 3 of several strain gauges 24 to pass through, and the second wire interface is provided with a waterproof sealing ring and / or waterproof sealant. Thus, the second upper cover plate of the second upper sleeve 21 is machined with the second wire interface, and a waterproof sealing ring is provided inside the second wire interface. After all the cables 3 inside the sleeve pass through the sealing ring, waterproof sealant is poured into the interface groove to form a double seal to protect the internal electronic components, while uploading the deformation signal of the strain gauge 24 to the data processing unit.

[0089] Please refer to Figure 6 In one specific embodiment, the second upper cover plate has a cable outlet 27. All cables 3 of the strain gauges 24 pass through this cable outlet 27 to connect to the data processing unit for data transmission. Preferably, the edges of the cable outlet 27 are rounded to prevent scratches on the outer sheath of the cables 3 when they pass through, thus avoiding signal interruption or short circuits caused by cable damage.

[0090] Based on the above embodiments, as a further preferred embodiment, the inner wall surfaces of the first upper sleeve 11 and the first lower sleeve 12 are provided with an anti-laser reflection paint layer. This paint layer can suppress laser reflection on the inner wall of the sleeve, avoid ghosting and halos in the light spot image, and ensure image quality and measurement accuracy.

[0091] In one specific embodiment, the inner wall surfaces of the first upper sleeve 11 and the first lower sleeve 12 are treated with matte paint for anti-reflection. The paint can be high-temperature resistant matte epoxy resin paint. The inner wall of the sleeve is evenly covered by a high-pressure spraying process. The spraying thickness meets the requirements for reducing laser reflection. After spraying, the coating is left to cure to ensure that there are no drips or missed sprays on the inner wall. Of course, other types of paint can also be used, as long as they meet the requirements for anti-laser reflection.

[0092] In another specific embodiment, the inner wall surfaces of the first upper sleeve 11 and the first lower sleeve 12 are treated with anti-reflection by chemical corrosion. Specifically, acetic acid is applied to the inner metal surface of the upper sleeve, and sodium chloride is sprinkled to accelerate corrosion.

[0093] Based on the above embodiments, as a further preferred embodiment, the inner wall surfaces of the second upper sleeve 21 and the second lower sleeve 22 are smooth surfaces free of burrs and protrusions. This reduces the friction between the connecting assembly (i.e., bolt 25) and the inner wall of the second upper sleeve 21, thereby reducing the resistance during cantilever beam 23 deformation, ensuring smooth cantilever beam 23 deformation, and thus guaranteeing the accuracy of strain measurement data.

[0094] Based on the fault slip real-time monitoring device provided in the above embodiments, the specific steps for real-time fault slip monitoring are as follows:

[0095] Step S1: Prefabricate each component, process the first sleeve (including anti-reflective treatment on the inner wall) and the second sleeve according to the design parameters, process wire interfaces on the upper cover plates of both, set the base 26 on the lower cover plate of the second sleeve, make the coordinate measuring compass 15, and purchase high-definition remote camera, positioning laser head 14, strain gauge 24 and auxiliary sealing components (such as sealing ring and waterproof sealant).

[0096] Step S2: Assemble the cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit 2. After grinding the bonding surface of the cantilever beam 23, use strain adhesive to bond the strain gauge 24 to the stress-sensitive area, cover with a protective coating and cure. Fix one end of the cantilever beam 23 to the base 26 with bolts 25, and connect the other end to the bolt group 25. Use shims to tightly fit the inner wall of the first upper sleeve 11. Arrange the signal transmission line of the strain gauge 24 and pass it through the outlet hole 27 of the first upper cover plate.

[0097] Step S3: Assemble the high-definition camera 13 and the positioning laser head 14. Fix the high-definition camera 13 to the center of the first upper cover plate with glue, cover it with a transparent waterproof and dustproof cover 18 and seal it. Fix the positioning laser head 14 to the lower surface of the first upper cover plate in a circular array to ensure that the emission direction is vertically downward. Pass the camera cable 3 through the U-shaped groove 16 and the positioning laser head 14 cable 3 through the wire hole 17. Put a waterproof gasket at the interface and fill it with sealant.

[0098] Step S4: Assemble the coordinate measuring compass 15. Fix the coordinate measuring compass 15 to the upper surface of the first lower cover plate with glue. Align the center of the coordinate measuring compass 15 with the center of the first lower cover plate and apply sealant to the edges for waterproofing.

[0099] Step S5: Device debugging, including: laser positioning debugging (connecting the power supply to the positioning laser head 14, fine-tuning the position of the positioning laser head 14 so that the center of the light spot of each positioning laser head 14 coincides with the center of the corresponding color ring scale line of the coordinate measuring compass 15), high-definition camera 13 debugging (connecting to the computer, adjusting the focal length and exposure parameters to ensure that the image is clear and distortion-free), strain gauge 24 debugging (applying a known small displacement, comparing the output data of the strain gauge 24 with the theoretical calculation value, calibrating the sensor accuracy, and establishing a corresponding curve between the strain value and the slip amount).

[0100] Step S6: Assemble the first sleeve. Adhere the first upper cover plate to the top step of the first upper cylinder body to form the first upper sleeve 11. Adhere the first lower cover plate to the top step of the first lower cylinder body to form the first lower sleeve 12. After curing, perform a sealing test. Apply adhesive to the upper end face of the first lower sleeve 12. Connect the lower end face of the first upper sleeve 11 to the upper end face of the first lower sleeve 12 to ensure that the connection part is aligned with the fault position 53. Apply sealant to the outside. After curing, perform an overall sealing test.

[0101] Step S7: Device pre-embedding and monitoring. The device is pre-embedded near the predetermined fault location 53. The power is turned on, the high-definition camera 13 collects compass images in real time and transmits them to the data processing unit (such as a computer), and the strain gauge 24 collects deformation signals in real time and transmits them to the data processing unit.

[0102] Step S8: Data fusion processing. The data processing unit analyzes the image data, identifies the real-time coordinates of the laser spot, and calculates the slip distance, direction, and angle by comparing them with the initial reference coordinates. The data processing unit back-calculates the strain signal into slip amount based on the strain gauge 24 calibration curve, performs fusion verification on the two sets of data, removes outliers, and outputs the final parameters of the fault slip (including distance, direction, and angle).

[0103] It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0104] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0105] The above provides a detailed description of the laser vision and cantilever beam composite real-time fault slip monitoring device provided by the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser vision and cantilever beam composite fault slip real-time monitoring device, characterized in that, The laser vision monitoring subunit (1), the cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit (2) and the data processing unit are comprised. The laser vision monitoring subunit (1) comprises: The first sleeve comprises a first upper sleeve (11) and a first lower sleeve (12) arranged oppositely, and is used for being embedded in the upper fault (51) and the lower fault (52) respectively; The high-definition camera (13) and the plurality of positioning laser heads (14) are arranged on the upper cover plate of the first upper sleeve (11) and face the first lower sleeve (12), and the plurality of positioning laser heads (14) are arranged in a ring array around the high-definition camera (13) as the center. The coordinate measuring compass (15) is arranged on the lower cover plate of the first lower sleeve (12), and the coordinate measuring compass (15) is provided with a plurality of ring-shaped scale lines corresponding to the plurality of positioning laser heads (14); the high-definition camera (13) is used for collecting a light spot image formed by the positioning laser heads (14) on the coordinate measuring compass (15). The cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit (2) comprises: The second sleeve comprises a second upper sleeve (21) and a second lower sleeve (22) arranged oppositely, and is used for being embedded in the upper fault (51) and the lower fault (52) respectively; The cantilever beam (23) is arranged on the lower cover plate of the second lower sleeve (22) as a fixed end, and is provided with a connecting assembly at a free end; the connecting assembly is slidably abutted to the inner side wall of the second upper sleeve (21); and the cantilever beam (23) is provided with a strain gauge (24) adjacent to the fixed end, which is used for capturing the deformation of the cantilever beam (23) in real time. The data processing unit is signal connected with the high-definition camera (13) and the strain gauge (24), and is used for calculating a first group of slip data according to the light spot image, and calculating a second group of slip data according to the deformation signal of the strain gauge (24); and outputting a monitoring result of fault slip based on the first group of slip data and the second group of slip data. 2.The laser vision and cantilever beam composite fault slip real-time monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing unit is used for fusing and checking the first group of slip data and the second group of slip data, and outputting the monitoring result after removing abnormal values. 3.The laser vision and cantilever beam composite fault slip real-time monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coordinate measuring compass (15) is a multi-origin polar coordinate scale disc, and the plurality of ring-shaped scale lines take different origins on the multi-origin polar coordinate scale disc as centers; and the center of the ring-shaped scale line coincides with the light spot center of the corresponding positioning laser head (14) when there is no displacement. 4.The laser vision and cantilever beam composite fault slip real-time monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of positioning laser heads (14) respectively emit light spots with different wavelengths and colors; and the plurality of ring-shaped scale lines have colors matched with the light spots emitted by the corresponding positioning laser heads (14). 5.The laser vision and cantilever beam composite fault slip real-time monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cantilever beam strain monitoring subunit (2) comprises at least two layers of cantilever beams arranged in a direction from the center of the second sleeve outward; and each layer of cantilever beams comprises a plurality of cantilever beams (23) arranged in a ring array. 6.The laser vision and cantilever beam composite fault slip real-time monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lower cover plate of the second lower sleeve (22) is provided with a base (26), and the base (26) has at least two layers of steps; and the outer periphery of each layer of steps is fixedly connected with a layer of cantilever beams. 7.The laser vision and cantilever beam composite fault slip real-time monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting assembly comprises a bolt (25) and a gasket, the bolt (25) is arranged on the cantilever beam (23), and at least one gasket is arranged between the head of the bolt (25) and the cantilever beam (23) to keep the tail of the bolt (25) in contact with the inner side wall of the second upper sleeve (21). 8.The laser vision and cantilever beam composite fault slip real-time monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the first upper sleeve (11) is provided with a first wire interface for the cables (3) of the high-definition camera (13) and the plurality of positioning laser heads (14) to pass out, and the first wire interface is provided with a waterproof sealing ring and / or waterproof sealing glue; The upper end of the second upper sleeve (21) is provided with a second wire interface for the cables (3) of the plurality of strain gauges (24) to pass out, and the second wire interface is provided with a waterproof sealing ring and / or waterproof sealing glue. 9.The laser vision and cantilever beam composite fault slip real-time monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein, The inner wall surfaces of the first upper sleeve (11) and the first lower sleeve (12) are provided with a paint layer for preventing laser reflection. 10.The laser vision and cantilever beam composite fault slip real-time monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein, The inner wall surfaces of the second upper sleeve (21) and the second lower sleeve (22) are smooth surfaces with burrs and protrusions removed.

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