Energy conversion method and device based on centrifugal field gas radial pressure gradient

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy conversion method and device based on centrifugal field gas radial pressure gradient, and relates to the technical field of rotating fluid energy conversion, the device comprises a centrifugal power unit, a gas conveying power unit, a gas conveying expansion unit, an acting output unit, a gas backflow unit, a closed shell and an intelligent control unit. A centrifugal field is established in a closed shell, so that working gas forms radial pressure distribution with high outside and low inside, the gas is guided to do radial centripetal motion and generate adiabatic expansion under the action of initial power or heat energy, and internal energy and pressure energy of the gas are converted into kinetic energy to drive power generation; and the acting gas flows back outwards under the action of centrifugal force and exchanges heat with the outside to recover internal energy, so that a stable gas circulation energy conversion process is constructed, and continuous and efficient energy output is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rotating fluid energy conversion technology, and in particular to an energy conversion method and apparatus based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of energy utilization efficiency and the deepening research on novel energy conversion mechanisms, energy conversion technologies based on fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and the coupling effect of rotating fields have gradually become one of the important research directions in the fields of engineering thermophysics and energy power. Traditional energy conversion devices mostly rely on thermal cycles or compression-expansion processes with fixed structures to complete energy conversion, and their energy utilization forms are mainly concentrated in the linear conversion between combustion heat, pressure energy, or mechanical energy. However, in high-speed rotating systems, the radial pressure gradient, density distribution, and thermodynamic state changes exhibited by gases or fluids under the action of centrifugal fields have been proven to significantly affect the energy transfer path and conversion efficiency. How to systematically utilize the radial motion, pressure distribution, and heat exchange process of the working medium in a controlled centrifugal field, and construct a stable, controllable, and engineering-feasible energy conversion structure, has become one of the key technical problems that urgently need to be solved in this field.

[0003] While some progress has been made in centrifugal compression, rotating fluid control, and hydraulic energy recovery in current research and engineering applications, most technologies remain limited to optimizing the operational stability of rotating systems or the efficiency of single-form energy conversion. A complete energy conversion system with the radial pressure gradient of the gas in a centrifugal field as the core driving mechanism has not yet been formed. On the one hand, existing technologies generally focus on the control and protection of rotating equipment, without deeply exploring the radial thermodynamic evolution of the gas within the centrifugal field. On the other hand, existing energy conversion devices mostly rely on external pressure sources or fixed heat sources, making it difficult to construct a cyclical and adjustable energy conversion path within a closed structure. This results in significant deficiencies in energy recovery efficiency, structural compactness, and adaptability to multiple operating conditions.

[0004] CN100350158C discloses a system and method for detecting and controlling rotational stall in the diffuser region of a centrifugal compressor. This technology uses pressure sensors positioned downstream of the impeller or in the diffuser region to collect acoustic pressure signals and perform analog or digital processing to determine if rotational stall has occurred, and corrects the operating parameters of the centrifugal compressor when an abnormal state is detected. This approach primarily addresses the flow instability problems that may occur during the operation of high-speed rotating equipment, improving system safety and stability through monitoring and control. However, the core focus of this technology is on the diagnosis and control of the internal flow state of the compressor. Its use of the centrifugal field aims to avoid unstable operating conditions, but it does not involve the active utilization of the energy contained in the radial pressure gradient of the gas, nor does it construct an energy conversion path based on the centrifugal gas centripetal-centrifugal cycle. Therefore, it is difficult to apply to the construction of energy output devices.

[0005] CN113673133B proposes a rotary hydraulic converter, belonging to the field of hydraulic system energy-saving technology. This technology utilizes an energy conversion module, high-pressure oil port, low-pressure oil port, check valve, and accumulator, and adjusts the energy storage time and output pressure by changing the controllable inlet angle to match the load of the hydraulic system, thereby improving overall operating efficiency. This scheme has certain practical value in hydraulic energy recovery and regulation; however, its energy conversion object is mainly hydraulic oil, and the energy form is still limited to the conversion between hydraulic potential energy and mechanical energy, relying on the incompressible characteristics of the liquid medium. This technology does not consider the radial pressure gradient formed by the gas in a centrifugal field and the thermodynamic state changes caused by its radius variation, nor does it involve the energy conversion mechanism based on the adiabatic expansion and centripetal acceleration of the gas. Therefore, it has significant limitations in gas energy conversion and closed-loop structure.

[0006] In summary, existing centrifugal technologies mainly focus on the stability control of rotating equipment or energy recovery in hydraulic systems. However, they suffer from limitations such as failing to effectively utilize the radial pressure gradient of gas in a centrifugal field for energy conversion, difficulty in constructing a centripetal-centrifugal circulation path within a closed system, and a simplistic energy conversion mechanism. To address these shortcomings, this invention proposes an energy conversion method and device based on the radial pressure gradient of gas in a centrifugal field. By constructing a stable radial pressure distribution of gas in a controlled centrifugal field, the working gas undergoes adiabatic expansion and energy release during centrifugal motion. Heat compensation and cyclic recovery are achieved during centrifugal reflux, thus forming a continuously operating energy conversion system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the specification abstract and the title of the invention, to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract, and the title of the invention. Such simplifications or omissions shall not be used to limit the scope of the invention.

[0008] Given that existing technologies in centrifuge applications mainly focus on operational stability control or hydraulic energy recovery, failing to effectively utilize the energy contained in the radial pressure gradient of gas in the centrifugal field, and making it difficult to construct a cyclic energy conversion path that combines gas centripetal expansion and centrifugal reflux within a closed structure, resulting in limited energy utilization efficiency, complex system structure, and insufficient ability to recover low-grade energy, this invention is proposed.

[0009] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to construct a stable radial pressure gradient of gas in a controlled centrifugal field, guide the working gas to undergo adiabatic expansion and complete energy release during radial centripetal movement, and realize energy recovery and cycle reconstruction during centrifugal reflux, thereby forming an energy conversion method and device that is compact, can operate continuously, and can effectively improve the efficiency of gas energy utilization.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field, comprising, The centrifugal power unit 105 drives the closed shell 106 filled with working gas to rotate at a preset speed, establishing a radial pressure gradient in the gas reflux unit 104 and the gas delivery expansion unit 102, so that the working gas forms a non-thermal equilibrium distribution state under the action of centrifugal force; The intelligent control unit 107 adjusts the output power of the gas conveying power unit 101 to apply initial power or heat energy to the working gas located at the centroid of the closed shell 106, so that the working gas can obtain an initial velocity to overcome centrifugal force and enter the tapered pipe of the gas conveying expansion unit 102; The working gas is guided into the gas delivery and expansion unit 102 and moves radially towards the center. It utilizes the characteristic that the gas pressure decreases as the radius decreases to perform adiabatic expansion and acceleration, converting the internal energy and pressure energy of the working gas into kinetic energy, and impacting the power output unit 103 located at the proximal end to generate electrical energy. The low-pressure working gas, after being powered by the power output unit 103, is discharged into the gas return unit 104. Under the action of centrifugal force, it flows radially outward and exchanges heat with the external environment through the closed shell 106 to restore its internal energy. Finally, it returns to the gas transport power unit 101 to complete the cycle.

[0011] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide an energy conversion device based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field, comprising a gas conveying power unit 101, a gas conveying expansion unit 102, a work output unit 103, a gas recirculation unit 104, a centrifugal power unit 105, a sealed housing 106, and an intelligent control unit 107, wherein... The gas delivery power unit 101 is located at the distal end of the enclosed housing 106 and is used to deliver the working gas to the proximal end. It includes at least one of a low-pressure fan, a heat pump module, a thermoelectric heating module, or a waste heat recovery module. The gas conveying expansion unit 102 is a radially converging pipe, with its distal end connected to the gas conveying power unit 101 and its proximal end connected to the power output unit 103. The working gas moves centripetally and expands adiabatically within the gas conveying expansion unit 102. The power output unit 103, located at the outlet of the gas conveying and expansion unit 102, includes a turbine generator for converting the kinetic energy of the working gas into electrical energy and outputting it through a conductive slip ring. The gas return unit 104 is connected to the power output unit 103 and the gas transport power unit 101 to form a closed circulation channel, and the working gas naturally returns to the distal end in the gas return unit 104. The centrifugal power unit 105 is used to drive the closed shell 106 to rotate, so that the working gas forms a radial pressure gradient and a radial temperature gradient under the action of centrifugal force. The enclosed outer shell 106 is shaped like a rotating body, the shell is made of a heat-conducting material, and the interior is filled with working gas. The intelligent control unit 107 includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow controller, and a central processing unit, which is used to monitor the temperature, pressure, and gas flow parameters at key locations of each unit in real time, and dynamically adjust the output power of the gas delivery power unit 101 or the rotation speed of the centrifugal power unit 105.

[0012] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement any step of the above-described energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field.

[0013] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein: when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements any step of the above-described energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By establishing a strong centrifugal field to form a high-density pressure potential energy pool, a fundamental optimization of the energy conversion path is achieved: First, the centripetal motion of the working fluid is initiated with extremely low trigger energy consumption (only on the order of ten to one-thousandth of the output power); second, the potential energy is directly converted into kinetic energy through adiabatic expansion of the pressure gradient within the converging channel, and continuous buoyancy is obtained for propulsion; furthermore, the turbine efficiently generates electricity; finally, the working fluid achieves zero-power natural recirculation with the help of centrifugal force, and simultaneously absorbs low-grade heat energy from the environment to complete energy replenishment. This method avoids the limitations of compression power loss and Carnot temperature difference in traditional heat engines in principle, and constructs a highly efficient energy cycle system driven by environmental heat energy on a meter-scale. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a gas in a centrifugal field. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an energy conversion device based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field. Figure 3 This is a comparison of the efficiency curves of the present invention, based on the energy conversion method of radial pressure gradient of gas in a centrifugal field, and that of a conventional Carnot engine; Figure 4 The curves show the influence of temperature radial gradient coefficient, angular velocity, gas molecular weight, and inlet temperature on the ratio of expansion output work to driving input work in an energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of gas in a centrifugal field. Figure 5 The output and input curves of perfluorobutane and perfluoropropane as a function of angular velocity are shown for the energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of gas in a centrifugal field. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0017] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0019] Example 1 As mentioned in the background section, existing centrifugal technologies mainly focus on the stability control of rotating equipment or energy recovery in hydraulic systems. However, they suffer from limitations such as failing to effectively utilize the radial pressure gradient of gas in a centrifugal field for energy conversion, difficulty in constructing a centripetal-centrifugal gas circulation path within a closed system, and a simplistic energy conversion mechanism. To address these issues, this invention provides an energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of gas in a centrifugal field.

[0020] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a gas in a centrifugal field, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, an energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field includes: S1: The centrifugal power unit 105 drives the closed shell 106 filled with working gas to rotate at a preset speed, establishing a radial pressure gradient in the gas reflux unit 104 and the gas delivery expansion unit 102, so that the working gas forms a non-thermal equilibrium distribution state under the action of centrifugal force; S1.1: Start the centrifugal power unit 105 to drive the enclosed shell 106 to accelerate from a stationary state to the preset speed; Specifically, the enclosed housing 106 is pre-filled with working gas; the centrifugal power unit 105 is driven by a motor, and the enclosed housing 106 reaches the preset speed by gradually increasing the speed; during acceleration, the enclosed housing 106 uses air bearings, magnetic bearings or super-lubricating fluid to reduce bearing friction resistance, and the enclosed housing 106 adopts a rotating body shape to reduce air resistance.

[0021] It should be noted that the molar mass of the working gas is greater than that of air; the preset rotation speed is determined comprehensively based on the molar mass of the working gas, the radius of the enclosed shell 106, and the target output power, and the centrifugal acceleration corresponding to the preset rotation speed is controlled within 10000g.

[0022] S1.2: The actual rotation speed of the enclosed housing 106 is monitored in real time by the speed sensor in the intelligent control unit 107. When the deviation between the actual rotation speed and the preset rotation speed is within the allowable error range, it is determined that the enclosed housing 106 has entered a stable rotation state. Furthermore, the intelligent control unit 107 compares the actual rotational speed with the preset rotational speed. When the deviation between the actual rotational speed and the preset rotational speed is less than 2%, the centrifugal power unit 105 enters the constant speed maintenance mode, only needing to overcome frictional resistance and air resistance to maintain rotation. Due to the conservation of angular momentum, the enclosed shell 106 has the inertia to maintain the rotational state, and the power consumption of the centrifugal power unit 105 in the constant speed maintenance mode is much lower than the power consumption in the acceleration phase.

[0023] S1.3: Under stable rotation, the working gas is redistributed radially under the action of centrifugal force, forming a distribution state in which the density increases radially; Furthermore, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the closed shell 106 acts on the working gas, causing the working gas to be subjected to a centrifugal force pointing towards the distal end; due to its compressibility, the density of the working gas increases with the increase of the radius under the action of centrifugal force and hydrostatic equilibrium; the working gas density at the distal end of the closed shell 106 is higher than that at the proximal end, forming a density distribution state that increases radially; the density distribution state that increases radially stores pressure potential energy; the non-thermal equilibrium distribution state includes radial pressure gradient and radial temperature gradient.

[0024] S1.4: Based on the radially increasing density distribution, the working gas forms a radial pressure gradient and a radial temperature gradient within the gas reflux unit 104 and the gas delivery expansion unit 102; Specifically, the pressure and density of the working gas are positively correlated. Due to the radially increasing density distribution of the working gas, the pressure of the working gas in both the gas reflux unit 104 and the gas conveying expansion unit 102 exhibits the characteristic of high pressure at the distal end and low pressure at the proximal end, forming a radial pressure gradient.

[0025] It should be noted that the magnitude of the radial pressure gradient is related to the molar mass of the working gas, the preset rotational speed of the enclosed shell 106, and the radial distance; the greater the molar mass of the working gas and the higher the preset rotational speed, the more significant the radial pressure gradient.

[0026] Furthermore, the radial temperature gradient exhibits a distribution characteristic of high temperature at the distal end and low temperature at the proximal end; the working gas undergoes adiabatic compression or adiabatic expansion under the action of the radial pressure gradient; the working gas at the distal end undergoes adiabatic compression due to high pressure, resulting in an increase in temperature; the working gas at the proximal end undergoes adiabatic expansion due to low pressure, resulting in a decrease in temperature; the radial temperature gradient of the working gas is determined by the radial pressure gradient; the greater the molar mass of the working gas and the greater the centrifugal acceleration, the more significant the radial temperature gradient.

[0027] Preferably, the temperature lapse rate of the radial temperature gradient is calculated using the following formula: ; Where g is the centrifugal acceleration, M is the molar mass of the working gas, i is the degree of freedom of molecular motion of the working gas, R is the universal constant of the gas, k is the gradient coefficient, and 1≤k≤3i / (i+2).

[0028] S1.5: Maintain a stable distribution of radial pressure and radial temperature gradients to provide an energy potential difference for the subsequent gas circulation work process.

[0029] Furthermore, the centrifugal power unit 105 continuously maintains the preset rotational speed of the closed shell 106, keeping the radial pressure gradient and radial temperature gradient stable. The radial pressure gradient exists simultaneously in the gas conveying expansion unit 102 and the gas return unit 104, with the high-pressure working gas on the outside and the low-pressure working gas on the inside coexisting. The radial pressure gradient provides pressure potential energy, and the radial temperature gradient provides thermal energy gradient, both of which together constitute the energy potential difference source for the subsequent gas circulation work process. The intelligent control unit 107 monitors the pressure distribution and temperature distribution in the gas return unit 104 and the gas conveying expansion unit 102 through pressure and temperature sensors. When the monitored value deviates from the design value by more than 5%, the intelligent control unit 107 adjusts the rotational speed of the centrifugal power unit 105 to restore a stable distribution.

[0030] S2: The output power of the gas conveying power unit 101 is adjusted by the intelligent control unit 107 to apply initial power or heat energy to the working gas located at the centroid of the closed shell 106, so that the working gas can obtain an initial velocity to overcome the centrifugal force and enter the tapered pipe of the gas conveying expansion unit 102; S2.1: The intelligent control unit 107 calculates the required output power of the gas conveying power unit 101 based on the distribution of the radial pressure gradient and the target output power.

[0031] Preferably, the target conveying power is calculated based on temperature, pressure and flow parameters, and the rated input power of the gas conveying power unit 101 is dynamically adjusted to maintain a stable conveying state of the working gas at the design flow rate.

[0032] Specifically, the intelligent control unit 107 acquires the static pressure of the airflow at the inlet of the gas delivery expansion unit 102 and the static pressure of the airflow at the outlet of the gas delivery expansion unit 102 through a pressure sensor, and obtains the pressure difference value of the radial pressure gradient.

[0033] Furthermore, the intelligent control unit 107 calculates the power output of gas expansion based on the pressure difference, the molar mass of the working gas, the distance from the inlet of the gas conveying expansion unit 102 to the rotating shaft, and the distance from the outlet of the gas conveying expansion unit 102 to the rotating shaft. The specific formula is as follows: in, This refers to the internal pressure of the device when it is not rotating. The internal temperature is when the gas is not rotating, i is the degree of freedom of molecular motion, and M is the molar mass of the working gas. The inlet temperature of the gas transport expansion unit. This refers to the distance from the inlet of the gas delivery expansion unit to the centrifugal axis. This refers to the distance from the outlet of the gas delivery expansion unit to the centrifugal axis. Let ω be the radius of the rotating shaft, ω be the angular velocity, R be the universal gas constant, and k be a coefficient related to the radial temperature gradient. , The volume of gas flowing through the inlet of the gas conveying expansion unit is the power when the volumetric flow rate is taken.

[0034] Furthermore, the intelligent control unit 107 determines the working power of gas expansion and the set volumetric flow rate. The specific formula for calculating the output power required to drive the centripetal motion of the working gas is as follows: Preferably, the kinetic energy of the gas at the outlet of the conveying expansion unit is equal to... The output power of the driving gas This is converted into the initial kinetic energy of the rising gas, as shown in the following formula: ; in, Let M be the output power required for the centripetal motion of the working gas, and M be the molar mass of the working gas. The inlet temperature of the gas transport expansion unit. The inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the gas transport expansion unit. The inlet parameter static pressure of the gas delivery expansion unit. Let t be the initial velocity of the gas flow at the inlet of the gas conveying and expansion unit, and t be the time it takes for the working gas to flow through the inlet of the gas conveying and expansion unit. The gas density for the gas delivery expansion unit.

[0035] It should be noted that the output power Much smaller than the power of gas expansion Output power Power of gas expansion The ratio is in the range of 0.1% to 5%.

[0036] S2.2: Based on the output power required by the gas conveying power unit 101, the intelligent control unit (107) determines the driving mode of the gas conveying power unit (101), wherein the conveying mode includes mechanical conveying mode and thermally driven buoyancy conveying mode.

[0037] Specifically, the gas delivery power unit 101 includes at least one of a low-pressure fan, a heat pump module, a thermoelectric heating module, or a waste heat recovery module. When the gas delivery power unit 101 is equipped with a low-pressure fan, the intelligent control unit 107 selects the mechanical delivery mode; when the gas delivery power unit 101 is equipped with a heat pump module, a thermoelectric heating module, or a waste heat recovery module, the intelligent control unit 107 selects the thermally driven buoyancy delivery mode. The mechanical delivery mode directly propels the working gas centripetally through mechanical power, while the thermally driven buoyancy delivery mode generates buoyancy to drive centripetal movement by heating the working gas to reduce its density.

[0038] S2.3: In mechanical conveying mode, adjust the speed of the low-pressure fan so that the low-pressure fan applies mechanical thrust to the working gas located at the centroid of the closed shell 106 to obtain an initial velocity.

[0039] Furthermore, the intelligent control unit 107 adjusts the output power accordingly. and volumetric flow rate The required rotational speed parameters for the low-pressure fan are calculated. The low-pressure fan operates according to these parameters, drawing in the working gas located at the centroid of the enclosed casing 106 and pushing it towards the inlet of the gas delivery expansion unit 102. The mechanical thrust applied to the working gas overcomes its inertia, giving it an initial centripetal velocity. .

[0040] Preferably, since the buoyancy generated by the working gas under the radial pressure gradient largely offsets the centrifugal force, the required output power of the low-pressure blower is reduced. Only accounts for a small portion of the power generated by gas expansion. The proportion is extremely small. The thickness of the low-pressure fan is negligible compared to the radial length of the gas conveying expansion unit 102. The low-pressure fan operates under approximately isobaric conditions, and its output power... The vast majority of it is converted into the initial kinetic energy of the working gas.

[0041] S2.4: In the heat-driven buoyancy transport mode, adjust the heating power of the heat pump module, thermoelectric heating module or waste heat recovery module to heat the working gas at isobaric pressure, so that the density of the working gas decreases and net buoyancy is generated to obtain the initial velocity.

[0042] Furthermore, the intelligent control unit 107 calculates the required temperature rise of the working gas based on the output power, the isobaric specific heat capacity, and the volumetric flow rate. The temperature rise is less than 30K, ensuring that the temperature of the working gas after centripetal movement and adiabatic expansion does not exceed the temperature of the surrounding working gas at the same radius, thus avoiding heat loss and keeping the relative temperature to the ambient temperature (e.g., 25℃, or 298K) very small. Ignore the integral term: ; in, The initial velocity of the gas flow at the inlet of the gas delivery expansion unit. The gas density for the gas delivery expansion unit, The static pressure of the inlet gas flow of the gas delivery expansion unit, The internal energy contained in a unit mass of the gas flow at the inlet of the gas transport expansion unit. The inlet gas flow density of the gas delivery expansion unit. This refers to the distance from the inlet of the gas delivery expansion unit to the rotating shaft. The outlet gas flow velocity of the gas delivery expansion unit. The static pressure of the outlet gas flow of the gas delivery expansion unit, The internal energy contained in a unit mass of the gas flow at the outlet of the gas transport expansion unit. The outlet airflow density of the gas conveying expansion unit. This is the distance from the outlet of the gas delivery expansion unit to the rotating shaft.

[0043] Specifically, the intelligent control unit 107 sends the heating power corresponding to the temperature rise to the heat pump module, thermoelectric heating module, or waste heat recovery module. The heat pump module, thermoelectric heating module, or waste heat recovery module heats the working gas at isobaric pressure according to the heating power, thereby increasing the temperature of the working gas by the temperature rise range.

[0044] Preferably, the specific formula for heating power is as follows: ; in, For heating power, The inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the gas transport expansion unit. The inlet parameter static pressure of the gas delivery expansion unit. The initial velocity of the gas flow at the inlet of the gas delivery expansion unit. This represents the temperature increase.

[0045] Specifically, the working gas, after being heated at isobaric pressure, has a lower density, generating a net buoyancy force pointing towards the proximal end. This net buoyancy force drives the working gas to acquire an initial velocity for centripetal motion. The temperature rise of the working gas after isobaric heating is determined by the ideal gas law, and the density of the working gas is also considered. The reduction is indicated by the following formula: ; in, The initial velocity of the gas flow at the inlet of the gas delivery expansion unit. The static pressure of the inlet gas flow of the gas delivery expansion unit, The internal energy contained in a unit mass of the gas flow at the inlet of the gas transport expansion unit. The inlet gas flow density of the gas delivery expansion unit. This refers to the distance from the inlet of the gas delivery expansion unit to the rotating shaft. The outlet gas flow velocity of the gas delivery expansion unit. The static pressure of the outlet gas flow of the gas delivery expansion unit, The internal energy contained in a unit mass of the gas flow at the outlet of the gas transport expansion unit. The outlet airflow density of the gas conveying expansion unit. This refers to the distance from the outlet of the gas delivery expansion unit to the rotating shaft. The gas density within the gas delivery expansion unit, The gas density is located outside the gas delivery and expansion unit, i.e., inside the gas return unit, at the same distance from the rotating shaft, and ω is the angular velocity.

[0046] It should be noted that the density of the working gas... The density of the unheated working gas at the same radius is lower than that of the gas at the same location. This generates net buoyancy; the direction of net buoyancy is towards the proximal end of the enclosed shell 106, and the magnitude of net buoyancy is related to the temperature rise, the density of the working gas, and the centrifugal acceleration. Under the action of net buoyancy, the working gas overcomes the centrifugal force, naturally moves centripetally, and gains initial velocity. The heat-driven buoyancy delivery mode does not require mechanical propulsion; it relies solely on net buoyancy to drive the centripetal movement of the working gas, further reducing energy consumption.

[0047] S2.5: Working gas with initial velocity flows out from the gas conveying power unit 101 and enters the tapering pipe of the gas conveying expansion unit 102 connected to the gas conveying power unit 101.

[0048] Specifically, the gas conveying expansion unit 102 is a radially converging pipe, with its distal end connected to the outlet of the gas conveying power unit 101. Working gas with initial velocity flows out of the gas conveying power unit 101 and enters the gas conveying expansion unit 102 radially along the converging pipe. The inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the gas conveying expansion unit 102 is less than half the cross-sectional area of ​​the gas return unit 104, ensuring that the airflow velocity within the gas conveying expansion unit 102 is lower than that within the gas return unit 104, thus fully utilizing net buoyancy to perform work.

[0049] S2.6: Monitor the actual volumetric flow rate of the working gas entering the gas conveying expansion unit 102 using a flow sensor, and dynamically adjust the output power of the gas conveying power unit 101.

[0050] Specifically, the intelligent control unit 107 is equipped with a flow sensor at the inlet of the gas conveying expansion unit 102 to collect the actual volumetric flow rate of the working gas in real time. The intelligent control unit 107 compares the actual volumetric flow rate with the set volumetric flow rate. When the deviation between the two exceeds 3%, the intelligent control unit 107 adjusts the output power of the gas conveying power unit 101. In mechanical conveying mode, the intelligent control unit 107 adjusts the speed of the low-pressure fan; in thermally driven buoyancy conveying mode, the intelligent control unit 107 adjusts the heating power. Through dynamic adjustment, the actual volumetric flow rate of the working gas is stabilized within ±2% of the volumetric flow rate, and the flow rate and velocity of the working gas remain stable, providing a stable gas source for the subsequent adiabatic expansion process.

[0051] S3: The working gas entering the gas conveying expansion unit 102 is guided to move radially towards the center. It utilizes the characteristic that the gas pressure decreases as the radius decreases to perform adiabatic expansion and acceleration, converting the internal energy and pressure energy of the working gas into kinetic energy, and impacting the work output unit 103 located at the proximal end to generate electrical energy; S3.1: The working gas moves radially towards the proximal end within the converging pipe. The gas pressure continuously decreases from the inlet static pressure to the outlet gas static pressure. During the centripetal motion, it is subjected to the continuous action of net buoyancy, which does positive work on the working gas. Specifically, the working gas enters the gas conveying and expansion unit 102 with the initial velocity of the inlet airflow and then moves radially toward the proximal end under the guidance of the converging pipe. The central axis of the converging pipe is set radially; the converging pipe can be set at an inclination according to the actual situation, but the working efficiency depends on the radial length when other conditions are the same.

[0052] Furthermore, during the centripetal motion, the gas pressure experienced by the working gas decreases continuously with decreasing distance due to the radial pressure gradient. Within the gas conveying expansion unit 102, the radial pressure gradient exhibits a distribution characteristic of high pressure at the distal end and low pressure at the proximal end. As the working gas travels within the converging pipe from the inlet of the gas conveying expansion unit to the centrifugal axis, the gas pressure experienced by the working gas continuously decreases from the inlet static pressure to the outlet static pressure. The inlet static pressure of the gas conveying expansion unit is greater than the outlet static pressure. The difference between the distance from the inlet to the centrifugal axis and the distance from the outlet to the centrifugal axis, the molar mass of the working gas, and the centrifugal acceleration corresponding to the preset rotational speed are all related. The greater the molar mass of the working gas and the higher the preset rotational speed, the greater the decrease in gas pressure.

[0053] Furthermore, the working gas undergoes continuous adiabatic expansion due to the continuous decrease in gas pressure, and its volume increases as the gas pressure decreases. The expansion process of the working gas within the gas conveying and expansion unit 102 is an adiabatic expansion process, during which the working gas does not exchange heat with the outside environment. As the gas pressure decreases from the inlet static pressure of the gas conveying and expansion unit to the outlet gas flow static pressure, the volume of the working gas expands accordingly. The inlet cross-section of the gas conveying and expansion unit gradually decreases from the distal end to the proximal end, and the ratio of the inlet cross-sectional area to the outlet cross-sectional area is designed according to the expansion ratio of the working gas, allowing the working gas to expand smoothly within the converging pipe. The shape and size design of the converging pipe ensures a smooth velocity transition during the flow of the working gas, reducing turbulent kinetic energy loss.

[0054] Specifically, during the adiabatic expansion of the working gas, both its internal energy and pressure energy per unit mass decrease simultaneously. During this expansion, the temperature of the working gas decreases from the inlet temperature to the outlet temperature. The internal energy per unit mass of the working gas is positively correlated with temperature, decreasing from the internal energy contained in the inlet gas flow at the inlet of the gas transport expansion unit to the internal energy contained in the outlet gas flow at the outlet of the gas transport expansion unit. Simultaneously, the pressure energy of the working gas equals the product of its pressure and volume. As the gas pressure decreases from the inlet static pressure to the outlet static pressure, the pressure energy of the working gas decreases accordingly. The sum of the decrease in internal energy per unit mass and the decrease in pressure energy constitutes the total energy released by the working gas during the adiabatic expansion process.

[0055] Furthermore, the working gas experiences continuous net buoyancy during its centripetal motion, resulting in positive work being done on the working gas. Specifically, this includes: When the working gas moves centripetally within the gas conveying expansion unit 102, its density is less than that of the working gas in the gas return unit 104 at the same radius. The difference between the density and the density generates net buoyancy, with the net buoyancy pointing towards the proximal end. Net buoyancy persists throughout the centripetal motion of the working gas, and it does positive work on the working gas along the direction of motion. The work done by net buoyancy is essentially the conversion of the centrifugal potential energy of the high-pressure working gas inside and outside the gas return unit 104 into the centrifugal potential energy of the centripetal working gas within the gas conveying expansion unit 102. The work done by net buoyancy replenishes part of the energy to the kinetic energy of the working gas.

[0056] S3.2: The decrease in internal energy per unit mass, the decrease in pressure energy, and the work done by net buoyancy of the working gas are converted into an increase in the kinetic energy of the working gas, and continue to accelerate within the converging pipe; Specifically, according to the law of conservation of energy, the working gas satisfies the energy conversion equation during its movement within the gas conveying and expansion unit 102, and the relevant formulas are as follows: ; in, The density of the gas entering the inlet of the gas conveying expansion unit, The density of the gas at the outlet of the gas conveying expansion unit.

[0057] Preferably, the distance from the outlet of the gas conveying expansion unit to the rotating shaft and the outlet cross-sectional area are set. The outlet gas velocity of the gas conveying expansion unit satisfies the following set of equations; determining any one of them allows us to calculate the other two parameters: ; in, The initial velocity of the gas flow at the inlet of the gas delivery expansion unit. denoted as , where is the outlet gas velocity of the gas conveying expansion unit, and k is the gradient coefficient.

[0058] Furthermore, the total energy at the working gas inlet includes inlet kinetic energy, internal energy per unit mass, and inlet pressure energy; the total energy at the working gas outlet includes outlet kinetic energy, internal energy per unit mass, and outlet pressure energy. The decrease in internal energy per unit mass from inlet pressure energy to outlet pressure energy, the decrease in pressure energy, and the work done by net buoyancy are converted into the increase in the working gas's kinetic energy. The working gas velocity accelerates from the initial velocity of the inlet airflow to the initial velocity of the outlet airflow; the reduction in the inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the gas conveying expansion unit, combined with the expansion of the working gas volume, allows the working gas to fully utilize pressure energy and internal energy per unit mass during acceleration.

[0059] S3.3: The working gas impacts the turbine blades of the power output unit (103) at the outlet airflow speed, driving the turbine generator to convert the gas kinetic energy into electrical energy.

[0060] Furthermore, the working gas reaches its maximum flow velocity at the proximal outlet of the gas conveying expansion unit 102, where the maximum flow velocity is the outlet flow velocity; the working gas flows out from the proximal outlet at the outlet flow velocity and enters the power output unit 103 located at the proximal outlet, where the installation position of the power output unit 103 is located at the distance from the outlet of the gas conveying expansion unit to the centrifugal axis.

[0061] It should be noted that the power output unit 103 includes a turbine generator, and the working gas impacts the turbine blades of the turbine generator.

[0062] Specifically, the working gas impacts the turbine blades of the turbine generator, driving the turbine blades to rotate. The turbine generator converts the kinetic energy of the working gas into mechanical energy, and then into electrical energy. This process includes: The kinetic energy of the working gas is transferred to the turbine blades and converted into the mechanical rotational energy of the turbine blades. The turbine generator converts the mechanical rotational energy into electrical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction. The electrical energy is transmitted from inside the rotating closed shell 106 to the outside through a conductive slip ring. The energy conversion efficiency of the turbine generator is determined according to the turbine blade design and the generator efficiency. The actual output power of the electrical energy is the product of the power of gas expansion and the efficiency of the turbine generator.

[0063] The preferred formula for energy conversion efficiency is as follows: ; in, Let i be the energy conversion efficiency, and i be the degrees of freedom of the working gas molecules. The inlet temperature of the gas transport expansion unit. This represents the temperature increase.

[0064] Furthermore, during the process of driving the turbine blades to rotate, the working gas converts its kinetic energy into mechanical rotational energy, resulting in a significant reduction in the working gas's kinetic energy. The working gas's velocity decreases from the outlet velocity to the velocity after power is applied, and the velocity after power is significantly lower than the outlet velocity. The working gas pressure at the outlet of the power output unit 103 is equal to the working gas pressure in the gas return unit 104 at the distance from the outlet of the gas conveying expansion unit to the rotating shaft, thus eliminating the working gas pressure difference. After flowing out of the power output unit 103, the working gas enters the gas return unit 104, ready for recirculation.

[0065] S4: The low-pressure working gas after being powered by the power output unit 103 is discharged into the gas return unit 104. Under the action of centrifugal force, it flows back radially outward and exchanges heat with the external environment through the closed shell 106 to restore its internal energy. Finally, it returns to the gas transport power unit 101 to complete the cycle.

[0066] S4.1: The working gas after the work is done is discharged, and the working gas flows from the outlet of the work output unit 103 into the top gas inlet of the gas return unit 104 connected to the work output unit 103; Specifically, after the working gas drives the turbine blades to rotate within the power output unit 103, the kinetic energy of the gas is greatly reduced, and the flow velocity of the working gas is reduced to the flow velocity after power is applied. The working gas after power is applied is discharged from the outlet of the power output unit 103 and enters the gas return unit 104. The top gas inlet of the gas return unit 104 is connected to the outlet of the power output unit 103, and the top gas inlet is located at the distance from the outlet of the gas conveying expansion unit to the rotating shaft. The static pressure of the gas flow at the top gas inlet is equal to the static pressure of the gas flow at the outlet of the gas conveying expansion unit 102. After the working gas enters the gas return unit 104 in a low-pressure state, the temperature of the working gas is the outlet temperature, which is lower than the inlet temperature.

[0067] S4.2: The working gas is subjected to a centrifugal force pointing towards the distal end within the gas reflux unit 104, and the centrifugal force drives the working gas to move radially outward; Furthermore, the enclosed shell 106 continues to rotate at a preset speed under the drive of the centrifugal power unit 105, and the gas return unit 104 rotates synchronously with the enclosed shell 106; the gas return unit 104 is subjected to centrifugal force, and the direction of the centrifugal force is directed towards the distal end of the enclosed shell 106; under the push of the centrifugal force, it moves from the distance from the outlet of the gas conveying expansion unit to the distal end of the rotating shaft, and the distance from the location of the working gas to the rotating shaft gradually increases from the distance from the outlet of the gas conveying expansion unit to the distance from the inlet to the centrifugal axis.

[0068] It should be noted that the reflux process of the working gas is a natural reflux process, which does not require external power to drive it. It moves naturally to the outside by relying solely on centrifugal force and diffusion.

[0069] Furthermore, as the working gas moves outward, it experiences a radial pressure gradient, and the gas pressure it experiences continuously increases with increasing distance, specifically including: The radial pressure gradient exhibits a distribution characteristic of low pressure on the inner side and high pressure on the outer side within the gas recirculation unit 104. During the process of the working gas moving from the outlet to the centrifugal axis to the inlet to the centrifugal axis within the gas recirculation unit 104, the gas pressure it experiences continuously rises from the gas static pressure to the gas static pressure at the bottom outlet of the gas recirculation unit. The gas static pressure is equal to the gas static pressure at the inlet of the gas conveying expansion unit 102. The amount of gas pressure increase is related to the difference between the distance from the outlet to the centrifugal axis and the distance from the inlet to the centrifugal axis, the molar mass of the working gas, and the centrifugal acceleration.

[0070] Specifically, the working gas is compressed in volume during centrifugal compression, and its density increases with rising gas pressure, including: When the working gas moves outward within the gas reflux unit 104, the gas pressure rises from the low static pressure at the outlet of the gas conveying expansion unit 102 to the high static pressure at the inlet of the gas conveying expansion unit 102, and the volume of the working gas is correspondingly compressed and reduced. The density of the working gas gradually increases from a low density state at the distance from the outlet to the centrifugal axis to a high density state at the distance from the inlet to the centrifugal axis. The gas reflux unit 104 is formed by the enclosed shell 106 and the outer wall of the gas conveying expansion unit 102. The cross-sectional area of ​​the gas reflux unit 104 is more than twice the cross-sectional area inside the gas conveying expansion unit 102, so that the flow velocity of the working gas in the gas reflux unit 104 is lower than that in the gas conveying expansion unit 102, thereby reducing flow resistance.

[0071] S4.3: During centrifugal compression, the thermally conductive material properties of the enclosed shell 106 allow the working gas to freely exchange heat with the external environment.

[0072] Furthermore, the enclosed shell 106 is made of a thermally conductive material with good thermal conductivity. During the recirculation process of the working gas in the gas recirculation unit 104, it exchanges heat with the external environment through the enclosed shell 106. The thermal energy of the external environment is transferred to the working gas through the enclosed shell 106, and the working gas absorbs the low-grade thermal energy of the external environment. The low-grade thermal energy includes ambient thermal energy, industrial waste heat or other usable heat sources. The outlet temperature of the working gas gas conveying expansion unit 102 is lower than the external ambient temperature, and the temperature difference drives the heat transfer from the external environment to the working gas.

[0073] Furthermore, by absorbing low-grade heat energy, the temperature of the working gas gradually rises from the outlet temperature of the gas conveying expansion unit 102, and the internal energy per unit mass of the working gas increases accordingly, including: During the recirculation process within the gas recirculation unit 104, the working gas continuously absorbs heat through the enclosed shell 106. The temperature of the working gas gradually rises from the outlet temperature at the distance from the gas conveying expansion unit 102 outlet to the recirculation temperature at the distance from the gas conveying expansion unit 102 inlet to the centrifugal axis, where the recirculation temperature is close to or equal to the inlet temperature of the gas conveying expansion unit 102. The internal energy per unit mass of the working gas increases from the internal energy contained in the outlet gas flow per unit mass to a level close to or equal to the internal energy contained in the gas conveying expansion unit 102 inlet gas flow per unit mass. The heat absorbed by the working gas replenishes the internal energy lost during the adiabatic expansion process within the gas conveying expansion unit 102, thus restoring the energy state of the working gas. The heat exchange process is a free heat exchange process, with heat redistributed within the enclosed shell 106. Without considering thermal radiation, there is no net heat loss to the outside.

[0074] S4.4: The working gas undergoes centrifugal compression and heat exchange simultaneously within the gas reflux unit 104, and its gas pressure and internal energy per unit mass synchronously recover to their initial state, specifically including: During the recirculation process of the working gas in the gas recirculation unit 104, centrifugal compression causes the gas pressure to rise from the static pressure of the gas flow at the inlet of the gas conveying expansion unit 102 to the static pressure of the gas flow at the outlet of the gas conveying expansion unit 102. Heat exchange increases the internal energy per unit mass from the internal energy contained in the outlet gas flow per unit mass to nearly the internal energy contained in the inlet gas flow per unit mass. The synchronous recovery of gas pressure and internal energy per unit mass brings the energy state of the working gas back to the starting point of the cycle. The state parameters of the working gas at the bottom outlet of the gas recirculation unit 104 include the static pressure of the outlet gas flow, the recirculation temperature, and the recirculation density. These state parameters match the state parameters at the inlet of the gas conveying expansion unit 102. The centrifugal compression process requires no external energy input, and the heat exchange process utilizes low-grade heat energy from the external environment. The combination of these two factors results in extremely low cost for the energy recovery of the working gas.

[0075] S4.5: The working gas, restored to its initial state, flows out from the bottom gas outlet of the gas return unit 104 and returns to the inlet of the gas conveying power unit 101; Specifically, after the working gas completes the reflux process within the gas reflux unit 104, it flows out from the bottom gas outlet of the gas reflux unit 104. The bottom gas outlet is located at the distance from the inlet to the centrifugal axis, and is connected to or adjacent to the inlet of the gas conveying power unit 101. After flowing out from the bottom gas outlet, the working gas enters the effective range of the gas conveying power unit 101. The static pressure of the gas flow at the bottom gas outlet of the gas reflux unit 104 is equal to the static pressure of the gas flow at the inlet of the gas conveying expansion unit 102, and the pressure condition of the working gas at the bottom gas outlet meets the conveying requirements of the next cycle.

[0076] S4.6: After the working gas enters the gas conveying power unit 101, the gas conveying power unit 101 applies initial power or thermal energy to the working gas again, and the working gas regains its initial velocity and enters the gas conveying expansion unit 102, completing one complete cycle; Specifically, after the working gas returns to the gas conveying power unit 101, the intelligent control unit 107 continues to adjust the output power of the gas conveying power unit 101. In mechanical conveying mode, the low-pressure fan applies mechanical thrust to the working gas. In thermally driven buoyancy conveying mode, the heat pump module, thermoelectric heating module, or waste heat recovery module applies thermal energy to the working gas. The working gas regains its initial velocity and enters the tapered pipe of the gas conveying expansion unit 102, starting a new round of centripetal motion, adiabatic expansion, power output, and return process. The working gas continuously circulates in the closed loop channel formed by the gas conveying power unit 101, the gas conveying expansion unit 102, the power output unit 103, and the gas return unit 104, continuously generating electrical energy output.

[0077] S4.7: The intelligent control unit 107 monitors the temperature and pressure parameters of the working gas in the gas reflux unit 104, dynamically adjusts the rotation speed of the centrifugal power unit 105 and the output power of the gas delivery power unit 101, and maintains stable operation of the cycle.

[0078] Furthermore, the intelligent control unit 107 is equipped with pressure and temperature sensors at the bottom gas outlet of the gas reflux unit 104 to collect the static pressure and reflux temperature of the working gas in real time. When the outlet static pressure deviates from the inlet static pressure by more than 3%, the intelligent control unit 107 adjusts the rotation speed of the centrifugal power unit 105 to correct the radial pressure gradient; when the outlet reflux temperature deviates from the inlet temperature by more than 5K, the intelligent control unit 107 adjusts the heat exchange conditions between the enclosed shell 106 and the external environment or adjusts the output power of the gas delivery power unit 101. Through dynamic adjustment, the circulation parameters of the working gas are stabilized within the design range, the electrical output power remains stable, and the circulation system can respond and adjust in a timely manner when the ambient temperature and power demand change.

[0079] In summary, this invention fundamentally optimizes the energy conversion path by establishing a high-density pressure potential energy pool through a strong centrifugal field: First, the centripetal motion of the working fluid is initiated with extremely low trigger energy consumption (only on the order of ten to one-thousandth of the output power); second, the potential energy is directly converted into kinetic energy through adiabatic expansion of the pressure gradient within the converging channel, and continuous buoyancy is obtained for propulsion; furthermore, the turbine efficiently generates electricity; finally, the working fluid achieves zero-power natural recirculation with the help of centrifugal force, and simultaneously absorbs low-grade heat energy from the environment to complete energy replenishment. This method, in principle, avoids the limitations of compression power loss and Carnot temperature difference in traditional heat engines, constructing a highly efficient energy cycle system driven by environmental heat energy on a meter-scale.

[0080] Example 2 Reference Figure 2 Other aspects disclosed in this invention also propose an energy conversion device based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field, comprising a gas conveying power unit 101, a gas conveying expansion unit 102, a work output unit 103, a gas recirculation unit 104, a centrifugal power unit 105, a sealed housing 106, and an intelligent control unit 107, wherein... The gas conveying power unit 101 is located at the distal end of the enclosed housing 106 and is used to convey the working gas to the proximal end. It includes at least one of a low-pressure fan, a heat pump module, a thermoelectric heating module, or a waste heat recovery module. The mechanical conveying type uses energy-saving conveying equipment such as a low-pressure fan and uses net buoyancy to offset most of the centrifugal force. The thermally driven buoyancy conveying type heats up the working gas and uses the net buoyancy generated by the decrease in density to drive centripetal motion.

[0081] The gas conveying expansion unit 102 is a radially converging pipe, with its distal end connected to the gas conveying power unit 101 and its proximal end connected to the power output unit 103. The working gas moves centripetally and expands adiabatically within the gas conveying expansion unit 102, converting pressure gradient energy and thermal energy into gas kinetic energy. The cross-sectional area inside the pipe of the gas conveying expansion unit 102 is less than half the cross-sectional area of ​​the gas return unit 104, making the airflow velocity inside the gas conveying expansion unit 102 lower than the airflow velocity inside the gas return unit 104, making full use of net buoyancy to do work, and reducing the adverse interference between centripetal and centrifugal flows.

[0082] The power output unit 103 is located at the outlet of the gas conveying and expansion unit 102, and includes a generator set such as a turbine generator that can convert the kinetic energy of the gas into electrical energy. The electrical energy is output to the outside of the enclosed housing 106 through a structure such as a conductive slip ring.

[0083] The gas reflux unit 104 is connected to the power output unit 103 and the gas conveying power unit 101, forming a closed circulation channel. The static pressure of the gas inlet at the top of the gas reflux unit 104 is equal to the static pressure of the gas outlet at the gas conveying expansion unit 102, and the static pressure of the gas outlet at the bottom of the gas reflux unit 104 is equal to the static pressure of the gas inlet at the gas conveying expansion unit 102. The working gas naturally refluxes to the distal end within the gas reflux unit 104. The reflux process is a free heat exchange, exchanging heat with the external environment through the closed shell 106 and absorbing low-grade heat energy.

[0084] The centrifugal power unit 105 is used to drive the closed shell 106 to rotate, so that the working gas forms a radial pressure gradient and a radial temperature gradient under the action of centrifugal force. Due to the conservation of angular momentum, the rotating object itself has the inertia to maintain the rotation state, and only needs to overcome frictional resistance and air resistance.

[0085] The enclosed housing 106 is shaped like a cylinder, a rotating body, and is made of a thermally conductive material. It is filled with a working gas. The working gas is in a gaseous state at the designed operating temperature and pressure, filling the entire cavity enclosed by the enclosed housing 106. The enclosed housing 106 employs air-bearing, magnetic-bearing, or super-lubricating fluid to reduce bearing friction resistance. The enclosed housing 106 features a drag-reducing design, optimizing its shape and materials to minimize air resistance.

[0086] The intelligent control unit 107 includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow controller, and a central processing unit. It is used to monitor key parameters such as temperature, pressure, and gas flow rate at critical locations in each unit in real time, and dynamically adjust the output power of the gas delivery power unit 101 or the rotational speed of the centrifugal power unit 105. The control objective is to stabilize the flow rate and velocity of the working gas within the design range, and to respond to environmental changes by adjusting parameters when the ambient temperature and power demand change.

[0087] Furthermore, the working gas should preferably be a macromolecular gas. The larger the molar mass, the more significant the radial gradient characteristics in the centrifugal field, thus reducing the required rotational speed or size of the device. Macromolecular gases include, but are not limited to, at least one of perfluorobutane, xenon, heptafluoropropane, pentafluoropropylene, or trifluoroiodomethane.

[0088] In optional embodiments, different working gases are selected according to different climatic conditions: perfluorobutane is used in areas where the minimum temperature is above 0°C; in areas where the minimum temperature is above -20°C, gases with boiling points below -20°C, such as heptafluoropropane, pentafluoropropylene, or trifluoroiodomethane, are selected.

[0089] Example 3 Reference Figures 3-5 This is the third embodiment of the present invention, which provides an energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of gas in a centrifugal field. In order to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, scientific demonstration is carried out through economic benefit calculation and simulation experiments.

[0090] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, under non-isothermal conditions, the work-heat conversion efficiency (ratio of expansion output power to heating power) of different working gases gradually decreases with the increase of heating temperature difference, but the efficiency value is significantly higher than that of the traditional Carnot heat engine; under the condition of initial temperature of 298K and heating temperature difference of less than 30K, the conversion efficiency value of monatomic gas is about 1.75 to 1.67, that of diatomic gas is about 1.62 to 1.57, and that of polyatomic gas is about 1.60 to 1.55; under isothermal conditions, the conversion efficiency value is constant at 1. Compared to the traditional heat engine efficiency, which slowly approaches 1 from 0 as the heating temperature difference increases, based on Carnot's theorem, the energy conversion path of this invention has significant advantages. When an ideal heat pump is used for heating, the overall efficiency (the ratio of output power to heat pump input power) decreases rapidly as the heating temperature difference increases. However, when the heating temperature difference is 10K, the overall efficiency of monoatomic, diatomic, and polyatomic gases can still reach 53.1, 49.5, and 48.7, respectively. Under the same conditions, the overall efficiency of an ideal heat pump for heating a traditional Carnot heat engine is only 1, further demonstrating the superiority of this invention in amplifying low-grade heat energy output.

[0091] Furthermore, such as Figure 4As shown, under different gas and operating conditions, the ratio of expansion output work to driving input work is affected by various parameters. Analysis indicates that, under the same conditions, this ratio decreases with increasing temperature radial gradient coefficient, angular velocity, and gas molar mass, and increases with increasing inlet temperature. Taking air as an example, with an inlet radius of 0.5 m, an inlet temperature of 298 K, and an angular velocity of 628 rad / s in the expansion unit, the ratio of expansion output work to driving input work decreases by approximately 17% when the temperature radial gradient coefficient increases from 1.0 to 2.0. The effect of angular velocity is most significant; with a temperature radial gradient coefficient of 2, the ratio decreases by more than 900% when the angular velocity increases from 314 rad / s to 942 rad / s. Increased gas molecular weight also leads to a significant downward shift in the ratio curve; for example, the curve decreases by approximately 100% when the gas molar mass increases from 28 g / mol (nitrogen) to 44 g / mol (carbon dioxide). These patterns provide a clear basis for optimizing device parameters and selecting the working fluid.

[0092] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, for macromolecular working fluids such as perfluorobutane and perfluoropropane, the driving input work, expansion output work, and total work exhibit different trends with angular velocity. Under constant static pressure at the inlet of the expansion unit, the driving input work, expansion output work, and total work first increase rapidly with increasing angular velocity and then reach extreme values. Under constant initial pressure, each work value shows a J-shaped continuous increase with increasing angular velocity, without any extreme values. For perfluorobutane and perfluoropropane, only an angular velocity between 180 and 310 rad / s is needed for the expansion output work (or total work) to exceed the work value threshold based on the product of different pressures and inlet volumes. Under any operating condition, the expansion output work and total work approximately coincide at lower angular velocities and are always greater than the driving input work, indicating that the device can achieve net work output at lower speeds, demonstrating good engineering feasibility and energy economy.

[0093] In summary, the energy conversion method proposed in this invention exhibits significant advantages in terms of heat-to-work conversion efficiency, input-to-output power ratio, and low-speed adaptability. It is suitable for low-grade heat energy recovery and distributed energy supply scenarios, and has good theoretical feasibility and application prospects.

[0094] This embodiment also provides a computer device applicable to the energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field, including a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to realize the energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0095] The computer device can be a terminal, comprising a processor, memory, communication interface, display screen, and input devices connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides the environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals; wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, carrier networks, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. The display screen can be an LCD screen or an e-ink screen. The input devices can be a touch layer covering the display screen, buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad on the computer device's casing, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse.

[0096] This embodiment also provides a storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field as proposed in the above embodiments.

[0097] The storage medium proposed in this embodiment and the data storage method proposed in the above embodiments belong to the same inventive concept. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in the above embodiments, and this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the above embodiments.

[0098] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a gas in a centrifugal field, characterized in that... :include, The centrifugal power unit (105) drives the closed shell (106) filled with working gas to rotate at a preset speed, establishing a radial pressure gradient in the gas reflux unit (104) and the gas delivery expansion unit (102), so that the working gas forms a non-thermal equilibrium distribution state under the action of centrifugal force; The output power of the gas delivery power unit (101) is adjusted by the intelligent control unit (107) to apply initial power or heat energy to the working gas located at the centroid of the closed shell (106), so that the working gas can obtain an initial velocity that overcomes centrifugal force and enter the gradually narrowing pipe of the gas delivery expansion unit (102); The working gas is guided into the gas delivery expansion unit (102) and moves radially centripetally. It is accelerated by adiabatic expansion by utilizing the characteristic that the gas pressure decreases as the radius decreases. The internal energy and pressure energy of the working gas are converted into kinetic energy and impact the power output unit (103) located at the proximal end to generate electrical energy. The low-pressure working gas, after being powered by the power output unit (103), is discharged into the gas return unit (104), where it flows radially outward under centrifugal force and exchanges heat with the external environment through the closed shell (106) to restore its internal energy. Finally, it returns to the gas transport power unit (101) to complete the cycle.

2. The energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The non-thermal equilibrium distribution state includes radial pressure gradient and radial temperature gradient, and the specific formation methods include: The centrifugal power unit (105) is activated, driving the enclosed shell (106) to accelerate from a stationary state to a preset speed; The actual rotational speed of the enclosed shell (106) is monitored in real time by the speed sensor in the intelligent control unit (107). When the deviation between the actual rotational speed and the preset rotational speed is within the allowable error range, it is determined that the enclosed shell (106) has entered a stable rotational state. Under the stable rotational state, the working gas is redistributed radially under the action of centrifugal force, forming a distribution state in which the density increases radially; Based on the radially increasing density distribution, the working gas forms a radial pressure gradient and a radial temperature gradient within the gas reflux unit (104) and the gas delivery expansion unit (102).

3. The energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field as described in claim 2, characterized in that... Applying initial kinetic or thermal energy to the working gas located at the distal center of the enclosed shell (106) includes: The intelligent control unit (107) calculates the required output power of the gas conveying power unit (101) based on the distribution of the radial pressure gradient and the target output power; Based on the required output power of the gas conveying power unit (101), the conveying mode is selected according to the driving method of the gas conveying power unit (101), wherein the conveying mode includes mechanical conveying mode and thermally driven buoyancy conveying mode; In the mechanical conveying mode, the rotational speed of the low-pressure fan is adjusted so that the low-pressure fan applies mechanical thrust to the working gas located at the distal center of the enclosed shell (106) to obtain an initial velocity; In the heat-driven buoyancy transport mode, the heating power of the heat pump module, thermoelectric heating module, or waste heat recovery module is adjusted to heat the working gas at constant pressure, thereby reducing the density of the working gas and generating net buoyancy to obtain an initial velocity.

4. The energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field as described in claim 3, characterized in that... The specific formula for the required output power of the gas conveying power unit (101) is as follows: ; in, Let M be the output power required for the centripetal motion of the working gas, and M be the molar mass of the working gas. The inlet temperature of the gas transport expansion unit. The inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the gas transport expansion unit. The inlet parameter static pressure of the gas delivery expansion unit. Let t be the initial velocity of the gas flow at the inlet of the gas conveying and expansion unit, and t be the time it takes for the working gas to flow through the inlet of the gas conveying and expansion unit. The gas density of the gas delivery expansion unit.

5. The energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The internal and pressure energy of the working gas is converted into kinetic energy, which is then used to generate electrical energy by impacting the power output unit (103) located near the center. This includes: The working gas moves radially toward the proximal end within the converging pipe. The gas pressure continuously decreases from the inlet static pressure to the outlet gas static pressure. During the centripetal movement, it is continuously subjected to the net buoyancy force, which does positive work on the working gas. The working gas impacts the turbine blades of the power output unit (103) at the outlet airflow speed, driving the turbine generator to convert the gas kinetic energy into electrical energy.

6. The energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field as described in claim 5, characterized in that... The turbine generator drives the conversion of gas kinetic energy into electrical energy, including: The kinetic energy of the working gas is transferred to the turbine blades, and converted into the mechanical rotational energy of the turbine blades; The turbine generator converts the mechanical rotational energy into electrical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction. The electrical energy is transmitted from the rotating closed shell (106) to the outside through a conductive slip ring. The energy conversion efficiency of the turbine generator is determined according to the turbine blade design and the generator efficiency. The actual output power of the electrical energy is the product of the gas expansion work power and the turbine generator efficiency.

7. The energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field as described in claim 6, characterized in that... The specific formula for the energy conversion efficiency is as follows: ; in, Let i be the energy conversion efficiency, and i be the degrees of freedom of the working gas molecules. The inlet temperature of the gas transport expansion unit. This represents the temperature increase.

8. An energy conversion device based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field, based on the energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that... It includes a gas conveying power unit (101), a gas conveying expansion unit (102), a power output unit (103), a gas return unit (104), a centrifugal power unit (105), a closed housing (106), and an intelligent control unit (107), wherein, The gas delivery power unit (101) is located at the distal end of the enclosed housing (106) and is used to deliver the working gas to the proximal end. It includes at least one of a low-pressure fan, a heat pump module, a thermoelectric heating module, or a waste heat recovery module. The gas conveying expansion unit (102) is a radially converging pipe, with its distal end connected to the gas conveying power unit (101) and its proximal end connected to the power output unit (103). The working gas moves centripetally and expands adiabatically within the gas conveying expansion unit (102). The power output unit (103) is located at the outlet of the gas conveying and expansion unit (102), and includes a turbine generator for converting the kinetic energy of the working gas into electrical energy and outputting it through a conductive slip ring; The gas return unit (104) is connected to the power output unit (103) and the gas transport power unit (101) to form a closed circulation channel, and the working gas naturally returns to the distal end in the gas return unit (104); The centrifugal power unit (105) is used to drive the closed shell (106) to rotate, so that the working gas forms a radial pressure gradient and a radial temperature gradient under the action of the centrifugal force; The enclosed outer shell (106) is a rotating body, made of thermally conductive material, and filled with working gas. The intelligent control unit (107) includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow controller, and a central processing unit, which is used to monitor the temperature, pressure, and gas flow parameters at key locations of each unit in real time, and dynamically adjust the output power of the gas delivery power unit (101) or the rotation speed of the centrifugal power unit (105).

9. The energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field as described in claim 8, characterized in that... The static pressure of the gas inlet at the top of the gas reflux unit (104) is equal to the static pressure of the gas outlet at the gas delivery expansion unit (102); the static pressure of the gas outlet at the bottom of the gas reflux unit (104) is equal to the static pressure of the gas inlet at the gas delivery expansion unit (102).

10. The energy conversion method based on the radial pressure gradient of a centrifugal gas field as described in claim 9, characterized in that... The working gas is selected from macromolecular gases; the macromolecular gases include, but are not limited to, at least one of perfluorobutane, xenon, heptafluoropropane, pentafluoropropylene or trifluoroiodomethane.

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